Re: Translating Guile documentation

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

Hello Denys.

On Sun, Apr 24, 2022 at 01:24:33AM +0300, Denys Nykula wrote:
> Hello.
> 
> Have the Guile website and reference manual ever been translated to
> languages other than English? If I would like to start translating them
> to my primary language, Ukrainian, what should I know in advance?

You have a wonderful ambition there.

This reminds me of my attempts a long time ago to translate the copy
of r5rs that is shipped with Guile to German.

https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guile-devel/2018-04/msg7.html

Nothing came of it and I don’t know if Guile’s documentation is stable
enough.  For example, at

https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2022/online-guix-days-2022-announcement-2/

there have been discussions about reworking part of the docs.  See there at

* 13:40–14:15: A Deep Dive into the Guile Documentation & Makeover Proposal

In hindsight, I would rather translate the SICP book

http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/

(which already has been translated to German by Susanne
Daniels-Herold, but I think to no other language).  I’ve not checked
if there are more recent comparable books.  Of course, there are SRFIs
and Guile specifics beyond SICP, like (ice-9 match).

Regards,
Florian

Re: conflicts in the gnu project now affect guile

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Fri, Oct 18, 2019 at 11:29:35AM +, Todor Kondić wrote:
> You know, there is a big IT department within our institution and telling 
> them I will base some serious work on technologies such as GNU  Guile and 
> Guix did raise a few eyebrows (those not raised are probably the cause of 
> their proprietors not being informed enough).
> 
> […]
> Couple of notes:
> 
> 1) Are there any ladies on these lists? I am *dying* to hear from them
> 2) Related to (1) ... a brief look at the maintainers who signed the Joined 
> Statement gives an impression that it leans heavily to the politically 
> Western hemisphere; just a comment, maybe food for thought
> 3) The RMS scandal was brought to my attention by a female coder colleague 
> who previously knew nothing of RMS's, or FSF's or GNU's work in the "Open 
> Source Community"; another nibble for thought
>


There have been few contributions from women,
e.g. 
(I do not know what its status is), but I believe bringing GNU Guile
to professional use could help diversify.  Thank you for that!

Regards,
Florian

Re: conflicts in the gnu project now affect guile

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

This is very sad.  I appreciate the enormous time investments of all
of you for Guile.  When you make a decision, I hope you understand the
other.

Regards,
Florian

Re: German translation of R5RS

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 06:58:35PM -0400, John Cowan wrote:
> On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 1:03 PM, pelzflorian (Florian Pelz) <
> pelzflor...@pelzflorian.de> wrote:
> 
> 
> > English R5RS has two errors that I know of.  Eq? is claimed to return
> > “true or false”, but the examples make clear it is #t or #f.  In the
> > specification of with-output-to-file a THUNK argument is referred to
> > as PROC.  Should such (minor) errors be fixed?  One of my patches also
> > fixes a misplaced space character in the Texinfo.
> >
> 
> http://mumble.net/~kelsey/r5rs-errata.html are the semi-official errata.
> IMO you should incorporate them.
> 

That is good to know.  I did a quick search for errata but did not
find any.

call-with-current-continuation is hard to fix.  Redefinition of
keywords is not really an error.  It is not clear to me if port?
should be part of R5RS or not.

In the German version I have changed begin to be syntax instead of
library syntax now.  I also fixed list-ref.

https://pelzflorian.de/files/wip-r5rsde-patches-try-3.tar.gz

Regards,
Florian


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Re: German translation of R5RS

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

Hello Mark,

Thank you for your reply.  Yes, there may not be enough qualified
reviewers here who know German and have time to spare.  Is there
someplace I could go look for reviewers?

I would like a German Guile manual to exist and started translating
R5RS.  Many non-experts in programming are put off by having to read
English and rather cargo cult copy from tutorials than read the
English manual.  It would be better if they could use sth like
e.g. the German Mozilla Developer Network or the PHP.net manual.  R5RS
seems helpful as a stepping stone to the rest of Guile despite
potential mistranslations.  German SICP is great btw, sadly it is not
more commonly taught.

Then again, maybe a German manual should live in a separate repository
so as not to add po4a or similar dependencies.  Should I put it in
some git repo somewhere stand alone?  It would be less official
although I would still be glad to get reviews.  If dependencies etc
are not a concern though and someone qualified can review it, then
please add translated manuals.

On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 12:08:19PM -0400, Mark H Weaver wrote:
> A large technical specification like this is quite hard to produce
> without introducing many mistakes.  Even when everyone in a standards
> committee is focused on the same draft document, errors are frequently
> introduced.
> 

English R5RS has two errors that I know of.  Eq? is claimed to return
“true or false”, but the examples make clear it is #t or #f.  In the
specification of with-output-to-file a THUNK argument is referred to
as PROC.  Should such (minor) errors be fixed?  One of my patches also
fixes a misplaced space character in the Texinfo.

Regards,
Florian

Re: German translation of R5RS

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

Hello,

Please accept my patches adding a German language info file for R5RS
and fixing some small errors in English R5RS.  I believe the patches
to be reasonably correct.

I’m Cc’ing guile-user because they may have feedback.  I have adapted
the patches to the terminology of SICP’s German translation and
have proofread more thoroughly.


The changes are these:


Silence R5RS build warnings by Makeinfo.

* doc/r5rs/r5rs.texi: Fix code with warnings.

Fix R5RS formatting of space character syntax.

* doc/r5rs/r5rs.texi: Remove space at bad position.

Fix overlong line in the TeX output of R5RS title page.

* doc/r5rs/r5rs.texi: Split line listing R5RS editors in TeX output.

Add German translation of R5RS.

* doc/r5rs/r5rs.de.texi: Translation of r5rs.texi.
* doc/r5rs/Makefile.am: Build and install it.
* doc/translation-rationale-de: Rationale for translation choices.


Find the patches here (and not on the sources mailing list because of
their size, or should I send them there?):

https://pelzflorian.de/files/wip-r5rsde-patches-try-2.tar.gz

See R5RS.de as a PDF:

https://pelzflorian.de/files/r5rs.de.try2.pdf

Download from my Git:

https://pelzflorian.de/git/guile-wip-pf/log/?h=wip-r5rsde

Build and install with „guix package -f guile-r5rs-de-wip-pf.scm“
(takes some time):

https://pelzflorian.de/files/guile-r5rs-de-wip-pf.scm


I am not using gettext po files for R5RS because R5RS is static and
will never change.

It now uses the same dircategory as R5RS, so it shows up as

The Algorithmic Language Scheme
* Guile Reader: (guile-reader). A Reader Framework for Guile.
* Guile Reference: (guile). The Guile reference manual.
* R5RS: (r5rs). The Revised(5) Report on Scheme.
* R5RS-de: (r5rs.de).   Der Revised(5) Report on Scheme (deutsch).
* SICP: (sicp). Structure and Interpretation of Computer
  Programs
* Guile-SSH: (guile-ssh).   Guile bindings to libssh.


I hope this is OK.  Please respond if not.

Note that this arrangement is currently affected by a mostly harmless
Texinfo bug; after selecting the translated r5rs.de.info the user may
have to relaunch the info program before she can visit the English
r5rs.info in some circumstances; see

https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-texinfo/2018-05/msg0.html



Regards,
Florian


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Re: German translation of R5RS

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

Hello,

I’ve found answers to most of my own questions and will resend r5rs.de
this week with corrections.

On Sat, Apr 28, 2018 at 08:48:19PM +0200, pelzflorian (Florian Pelz) wrote:
> What should I use as the translated Texinfo file’s dircategory and
> direntry?  Currently it is
> 
> @dircategory Die Algorithmische Sprache Scheme
> @direntry
> * R5RS-de: (r5rs.de). Der Revised(5) Report on Scheme 
> (deutsch).
> 
> so M-x info shows the German R5RS in its own category:
> 
> Die Algorithmische Sprache Scheme
> * R5RS-de: (r5rs.de).   Der Revised(5) Report on Scheme (deutsch).
> 
> 
> but maybe it should be organized differently.  I suppose translated
> info manuals would be installed for everyone regardless of their
> locale preferences?
> 

Only this question remains.

> 
> What do you think about the rationale guiding the translation:
> 
> https://pelzflorian.de/git/guile-wip-pf/tree/doc/translation-rationale-de?h=wip-r5rsde=08bd475064c7b4874489455693775ba041d01290
>

A friend brought me a library’s copy of Susanne Daniels-Herold’s
German translation of Structure and Interpretation of Computer
Programs.  I will compare the terms it uses to my translation.
(I wonder if the German SICP is available freely licensed and online
like the English edition, but apparently not.)

> My use of the traditional generic “masculine” form for plural
> (“researchers → Forscher” instead of the more cumbersome “Forscher und
> Forscherinnen” or “ForscherInnen” or “Forschende”) is controversial
> and so are the alternatives.  Forschende would work but sounds more
> artificial.  Is there some GNU standard?

I did a survey with twenty-two people sitting in front of my
university’s cafeteria.  I knew none of them.  The majority (68%, 10
men and 5 women) prefers “Forschende” over “Forscher” (which is
preferred by 22%, 2 men and 3 women, additionally 2 men were
undecided) so I’ll change it to “Forschende”.  (I got similar results
from my own personal umfeld, i.e. friends, acquaintances, family.)

Regards,
Florian


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German translation of R5RS

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

Hello Guilers,

I made a translation of R5RS to German and hope that you can accept it
into Guile proper.

You can view the PDF at

https://pelzflorian.de/files/r5rs.de.pdf

You can download the patches (for “git am 0001-…”) at

https://pelzflorian.de/files/wip-r5rsde-patches.tar.gz

or view the changes at

https://pelzflorian.de/git/guile-wip-pf/

I can e-mail the patches, but maybe 0.3MB is too big for the mailing
list.


I have some questions though:

What should I use as the translated Texinfo file’s dircategory and
direntry?  Currently it is

@dircategory Die Algorithmische Sprache Scheme
@direntry
* R5RS-de: (r5rs.de). Der Revised(5) Report on Scheme (deutsch).

so M-x info shows the German R5RS in its own category:

Die Algorithmische Sprache Scheme
* R5RS-de: (r5rs.de).   Der Revised(5) Report on Scheme (deutsch).


but maybe it should be organized differently.  I suppose translated
info manuals would be installed for everyone regardless of their
locale preferences?


What do you think about the rationale guiding the translation:

https://pelzflorian.de/git/guile-wip-pf/tree/doc/translation-rationale-de?h=wip-r5rsde=08bd475064c7b4874489455693775ba041d01290

My use of the traditional generic “masculine” form for plural
(“researchers → Forscher” instead of the more cumbersome “Forscher und
Forscherinnen” or “ForscherInnen” or “Forschende”) is controversial
and so are the alternatives.  Forschende would work but sounds more
artificial.  Is there some GNU standard?  For singular forms (“user”)
I used the female translation (“Nutzerin”) instead of grammatically
male “Nutzer”.


In the future I want to help translate the rest of the Guile manual
for which I will take another look at Julien Lepiller’s work on Guix’
po4a integration (but first I will look at my Haunt patches again).  I
will not look at Meson support for Guile until I know more about
Guile.

By the way, finding out how to compile guile from my git repository
took long on GuixSD until I found guile-for-guile-emacs.  I am really
looking forward to some kind of channel support with separate *-git
packages like on Arch’s user repository (without substitutes).

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Sat, Dec 16, 2017 at 10:26:12AM -0500, sirgazil wrote:
> I'm very interested on this subject because I help with Guile and Guix
> websites, and I usually work with multilingual websites. I have no idea of
> what would be the right way to do i18n of websites written in Scheme,
> though. So I will just join this conversation as a potential user of your
> solutions :)
> 

:)

> 
> > I did not want to use the ordinary gettext functions in order to not
> > call setlocale very often to switch languages.  It seems the Gettext
> > system is not designed for rapidly changing locales, but maybe I am
> > wrong about this and very many setlocale calls would not be that bad.
> 
> 
> For what is worth, I use ordinary gettext and `setlocale` in my website,
> which is not Haunt-based, but it is Guile Scheme and statically generated
> too. So far, it works ok.
> 

Performance is what motivated me to avoid repeated setlocale calls.
I now measured the impact of my approach and for my website, repeatedly
calling setlocale and gettext is actually slightly faster than
transforming a po file into an associative list and assoc-ref’ing the
list.  Only when using the same msgid very many times, transforming
the po file gets faster.

So it is probably best *not* to add ffi-helper to Haunt after all and
just use Gettext because while repeated setlocale is bad in theory, it
is faster in practice for normal websites and it does not really
matter much anyway.  Then again, for long running applications, not
using setlocale is better.


If you want detailed timings, read on, otherwise feel free to skip to
the end of this e-mail.

For my German and English website with the code at
https://pelzflorian.de/git/pelzfloriande-website/ this is the result
of timing my current approach, which avoids repeated setlocale and
standard gettext calls but instead uses libgettextpo to create an
association list of msgids and msgstrs from the respective po files
(i.e. not from compiled mo files).

I put

#!/bin/sh
GUILE_LOAD_PATH=$GUILE_LOAD_PATH:$HOME/keep/projects/pelzfloriande-website:$HOME/build/nyacc/src/nyacc/examples
 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/gnu/store/0jjgg2bk6qmx87sdksm7bd2b3z10yd6j-gettext-0.19.8.1/lib
 haunt build

inside a file called launch.sh.  I then ran

$ time ./launch.sh
[…]
./launch.sh  2.43s user 0.33s system 83% cpu 3.317 total
./launch.sh  2.47s user 0.33s system 103% cpu 2.703 total
./launch.sh  2.43s user 0.36s system 103% cpu 2.700 total
./launch.sh  2.56s user 0.33s system 103% cpu 2.783 total

When instead not loading gettext-po, ffi-help-rt and Guile’s system
foreign modules, but running msgfmt to transform the po files to mo
files, moving them to ./de/LC_MESSAGES/pelzfloriande.mo and just using
standard Gettext and setlocale with

(bindtextdomain "pelzfloriande" 
"/home/florian/keep/projects/pelzfloriande-website")
(bind-textdomain-codeset "pelzfloriande" "UTF-8")
(textdomain "pelzfloriande")

(define (locale-for-lingua lingua)
  (assoc-ref
   '(("de" . "de_DE.UTF-8")
 ("en" . "en_US.UTF-8"))
   lingua))

(define (translated-msg msgid lingua)
  (begin
(setlocale LC_ALL (locale-for-lingua lingua))
(gettext msgid)))


I got the following measurements and verified that the translation is
still working:

$ time ./launch.sh   
building pages in 'site'...
copying asset 'css/common.css' → '/css/common.css'
[…]
./launch.sh  2.01s user 0.29s system 102% cpu 2.241 total

For multiple runs:
./launch.sh  2.01s user 0.29s system 102% cpu 2.241 total
./launch.sh  2.06s user 0.31s system 102% cpu 2.302 total
./launch.sh  2.15s user 0.33s system 104% cpu 2.387 total
./launch.sh  1.99s user 0.32s system 102% cpu 2.246 total



When using setlocale but only when the lingua has changed from the
last call to _:

(define old-lingua "")

(define (translated-msg msgid lingua)
  (begin
(if (not (equal? old-lingua lingua))
(begin
  (setlocale LC_ALL (locale-for-lingua lingua))
  (set! old-lingua lingua)))
(gettext msgid)))

./launch.sh  2.10s user 0.32s system 103% cpu 2.332 total
./launch.sh  2.03s user 0.31s system 102% cpu 2.283 total
./launch.sh  2.11s user 0.36s system 102% cpu 2.408 total
./launch.sh  2.05s user 0.30s system 102% cpu 2.296 total



When adding the following in a div:

,@(let loop ((i 0))
   (if (< i 1)
   (cons
(_ "Home page")
(loop (1+ i)))
   '()))

and verifying it is correctly translated,
this is the result for my implementation:

./launch.sh  4.48s user 0.33s system 89% cpu 5.356 total
./launch.sh  4.52s user 0.36s system 102% cpu 4.737 total
./launch.sh  4.44s user 0.38s system 104% cpu 4.619 total
./launch.sh  4.49s user 0.40s system 103% cpu 4.735 total

With a setlocale call for each _:

./launch.sh  4.46s user 0.36s system 101% cpu 4.736 total
./launch.sh  4.64s user 0.39s system 103% cpu 4.875 total
./launch.sh  4.65s user 0.33s system 103% cpu 4.838 total
./launch.sh  4.66s user 0.33s system 103% cpu 4.833 total

This is the result for a cached 

Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

For me personally, my preference is still on manually marking what
goes into the Gettext pot file and I believe my idea for its syntax is
suitable.

For example, this is a multi-part internationalized paragraph from my
website:

(p ,@(__ "“Don’t Hang” by default uses the words from \
the ||ic_|/usr/share/dict|| directory, but it can deal with any list of \
expressions in a text file with one expression per line. ||samplelink_|Here|| \
is an example word list file compiled with words from \
||wiktionarylink_|Wiktionary’s list of 1000 basic English words|| which you \
can use if you want simpler words. This sample word list is available under \
the terms of ||ccbysalink_|the CC-BY-SA 3.0 Unported license||, because \
Wiktionary uses this license and the words are taken from there."
 `(("ic_" .
,(lambda (text)
   `(span (@ (class "inline-code"))
  ,text)))
   ("samplelink_" .
,(lambda (text)
   (a-href
"sample-word-lists/english-words.txt"
text)))
   ("wiktionarylink_" .
,(lambda (text)
   (a-href
"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix: 1000_b\
asic_English_words"
text)))
   ("ccbysalink_" .
,(lambda (text)
   (a-href
"sample-word-lists/CCBYSA-3.0-UNPORTED.txt"
text))

But since there seems to be a demand for automatic extraction without
marking each piece of translatable text, maybe Haunt should offer that
as well.  This would involve deciding which parts of a Scheme file are
SHTML code and which parts are just Scheme.  Maybe that can mostly be
deduced from context but some false positives may need to be dealt
with.  Also in SHTML code there is the issue of whether e.g. URLs
should go into the pot file or not.

I will take a look at Haunt and upstreaming next week.  Currently my
main concern is build system integration.  I want to just run „ninja
mywebsite-pot“ to build the pot file.  But GNU Autotools are
complicated, Meson/Ninja depend on Python and probably Haunt should
integrate with each of them eventually…

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Fri, Dec 15, 2017 at 12:06:28PM +, ng0 wrote:
> Christopher Lemmer Webber transcribed 1.4K bytes:
> > pelzflorian (Florian Pelz) writes:
> > 
> > > I want to ask for your thoughts on my new solution since translations
> > > are probably important to many Haunt users.  In particular, I believe
> > > there was some discussion on Website translation on the Guile or Guix
> > > lists as well.
> > 
> > And not just important to Haunt... many sxml using projects!
> 
> What's the difference (except for the visible syntax/writing) between
> SXML and XML? When I've looked into translations not just prep came to
> my mind but XML has native translation support - just no one wants to
> work with plain XML when it can be avoided ;)
> 
> Is there a chance that we can make use of this native translation ability
> while staying user friendly?
> 
> It's been really long since I've looked into this, so excuse the gap of 
> knowledge
> and fuzzy "what if..."s.
> 

I found only this [1] for XML native translation support.

IMHO it should be up to the SHTML author to specify the lang attribute
etc.  But the lang attribute and perhaps text direction should
be used when writing example code or default styles.

About the marking of translations: I prefer explicitly marking the
strings that should be translated instead of including all of them in
the Gettext pot file.  Explicit markings are flexible which I believe
is good when interleaving SHTML code with Scheme procedures.

The w3 document [1] from above recommend extracting every element
content that is not marked as its:translate="no" by default.  It is
however difficult to automatically decide which parts of a Scheme file
are (S)HTML and which parts are not, so I do not like this approach.
Also often an element’s attributes need translation and sometimes the
text content does not.

In GTK+ UI files, which are XML, each tag can be marked with a
translatable="yes" attribute.  Gettext then extracts each marked
string into the pot file.  (Although the Glade UI designer
automatically adds translatable=yes to all elements with text.  As
above, this would make autodetection difficult when other Scheme code
is part of the file.)

I also prefer the much shorter _ syntax that is common for Gettext
rather than a translatable=yes attribute because SHTML is usually
written manually.

tl;dr I would rather not use this “implicit” marking in Haunt.

Regards,
Florian

[1] https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-i18n-bp/#AuthoringTime


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Thu, Dec 14, 2017 at 10:16:04AM +0100, Ludovic Courtès wrote:
> Hi!
> 
> "pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)" <pelzflor...@pelzflorian.de> skribis:
> 
> > I want to ask for your thoughts on my new solution since translations
> > are probably important to many Haunt users.  In particular, I believe
> > there was some discussion on Website translation on the Guile or Guix
> > lists as well.
> 
> I’d love those sites to support translation!  If we could integrate your
> solution as a Haunt extension or something, that’d be great.
> 
> Speaking of Gettext, it might be interesting to see whether there ideas
> that could be borrowed from Gnunited Nations:
> 
>   https://www.gnu.org/software/gnun/
> 

Hmm I don’t think Haunt should replace too many functions of the build
system.  (The current “haunt build” and “haunt serve” are few and
helpful when not using a bigger build system, even though maybe they
should go away in the long run in favor of build system integration.)
As I understand, GNUnited Nations mostly means integration into the
GNU Autotools build system or Makefiles.  Integration is desirable
IMHO but I believe not everyone wants the same workflow as GNUnited
Nations, so Make targets like theirs probably should not be part of
Haunt.

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Thu, Dec 14, 2017 at 08:23:50AM -0500, Thompson, David wrote:
> Hey everyone!
> 
> On Thu, Dec 14, 2017 at 4:16 AM, Ludovic Courtès <l...@gnu.org> wrote:
> > Hi!
> >
> > "pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)" <pelzflor...@pelzflorian.de> skribis:
> >
> >> I want to ask for your thoughts on my new solution since translations
> >> are probably important to many Haunt users.  In particular, I believe
> >> there was some discussion on Website translation on the Guile or Guix
> >> lists as well.
> >
> > I’d love those sites to support translation!  If we could integrate your
> > solution as a Haunt extension or something, that’d be great.
> 
> I agree! Thanks to everyone that is working on this. I would love to
> include translation support in Haunt but I'm completely clueless about
> the right way to do things, so I'd be happy to receive some patches
> that implement it nicely. :)
> 
> Thanks again!
> 
> - Dave
> 

I would be really glad to see this upstream.  I will take a look at
how to integrate ffi-helper in the build system and then send patches
with my approach, unless you dislike the syntax.

Currently there is a need to always pass the current-lingua to all
procedures because that is what my gettext syntax (_ "Hello") reads
the locale from.  I’m not sure, maybe this is the right approach to
explicitly pass it to each procedure, but maybe something like how
G-expressions wrap the store is better, but I have not fully
understood or even really looked at G-expressions yet.  We can discuss
the syntax later though when I have working patches.

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Thu, Dec 14, 2017 at 09:48:40PM -0600, Christopher Lemmer Webber wrote:
> At one point Mark Weaver and I were talking about something like a
> special quasiquote that could be used for translations with gettext,
> since many translations are very tricky in situations like:
> 
> `(p "Download from "
> (a (@ (href ,link))
>"this webpage") ".")
> 
> The naive approach would be to have different translations for
> "Download from " and "this webpage" and (egads) "."
> 
> However this is called "lego translations" and unfortunately is nowhere
> near as elegant as lego... different languages have different
> word order so there is no safe way to "break apart" a translation like
> this into bits.
> 
> The right way to do it using a special gettext quasiquote would probably
> be like:
> 
> #_(p "Download from "
>  (a (@ (href #_,link))
> "this webpage") ".")
> 
> or some such thing, which could then produce a string for translation
> that looks like:
> 
> "(p \"Download from \"
>  (a (@ (href #_,$1))
> \"this webpage\") \".\")"
> 
> or some such thing.
> 
> What do you think about this direction?  It would require some new
> tooling, but I think it's the best way forward probably?

I currently use

(div (@ (id "content"))
 ,body
 (footer
  (div (@ (id "contact"))
   (h1
(@ (class "contact-heading"))
,(_ "Contact me:"))
   (div
,(_ "Mail:")
" "
(a (@ (href "mailto:pelzflor...@pelzflorian.de;))
   "pelzflor...@pelzflorian.de"))
   (div
"XMPP:"
" "
(a
 (@
  (href
   "xmpp:pelzflor...@chat.pelzflorian.de?message"))
 "pelzflor...@chat.pelzflorian.de"))
   (div
,@(__ "GnuPG key: ||gnupglink_|| (valid until \
||gnupgexp_||)"
   `(("gnupglink_" .
  ,(a-href
   "/files/key.asc"
   "0x4947055B"))
 ("gnupgexp_" .
  "01/27/2019")
   (div (@ (id "source-code-link"))
,@(__ "Find the source code for this website \
||link_|here||."
  `(("link_" .
 ,(lambda (text)
`(a (@ (href ,(build-url
   "git"
   "pelzfloriande-website")))
,text))
   (div (@ (id "powered-by"))
,@(__ "Powered by \
||link_|https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/|GNU Guile|| and \
||link_|https://haunt.dthompson.us/|Haunt||."
  `(("link_" . ,a-href))



This works with existing Gettext.  Special syntax would perhaps be
easier to write, but I don’t know what kind of Gettext string it
should produce.  "Find the source code for this website \
||link_|here||." uses the symbols (well, strings) like "link_"
specified in the code.

(Note that I want a clear separation between Gettext and Scheme code.
This is not always desirable, but often is.)

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Sat, Dec 09, 2017 at 10:29:49PM +, ng0 wrote:
> pelzflorian (Florian Pelz) transcribed 2.4K bytes:
> > On Sat, Dec 09, 2017 at 06:15:29PM +, ng0 wrote:
> > > My idea was a reimplementation of prep (a text format and html document
> > > generator that is capable to include multiple languages in its source
> > > files, written by lynX back in the early 90s (or earlier) iirc (and
> > > still used today).
> > >
> > 
> > Hmm I can find neither prep nor lynX in a quick Web search.
> 
> lynX is the author of many things, among them the psyc and psyc2 protol,
> psyced, the /me command in IRC etc. this page is generated from prep: 
> http://my.pages.de
> (http://my.pages.de/me should show more).
> 

I see.  lynX deserves a better Duckduckgo search ranking than he has. ;)

There is a lot to look at; thank you for the link.  I now also
understand better what kind of organization youbroketheinternet is.

Either way,

> > Po files are separate from the source code files.  I don’t know if
> > prep has such a separation or if such a separation really is better.
> > 
> > Then again, another issue with HTML/SHTML is that e.g. a hyperlink within
> > the text is difficult to handle with traditional format strings
> > without breaking the separation:
> > 
> >  * The link text should be translated in the context of the text
> >surrounding the link
> > 
> >  * but the link formatting and maybe the link destination URL maybe
> >should not be changeable by the translator.
> > 
> > Does prep handle this?
> 
> To some extent. prep is not SGML. It's been a while since I've looked
> into it but basically you have a unique syntax. The following snippet
> (from pages/my/convivenza.mlm) doesn't show it's full usage,
> but it show how links are handled:
> 
> 
> I)#section Approfondimenti
> D)#section Vertiefung
> E)#section Further Reading
> 
> […]
> To my best knowledge nothing has been developed that allows to conveniently
> define multiple languages in one source file outside from plain S/XML, and
> this is what I find interesting about prep. Wether I end up writing a 
> reimplementation
> in Guile or not, there are some interesting ideas that could possibly be 
> applied
> to your approach.
> I'll need some time to find time to compare the two approaches and find 
> similarities.
> 
> Maybe my reply already helps, with reading the provided (really small) 
> codebase
> of prep.
>

Thank you, I looked at it.  This is certainly interesting but
combining SHTML and translation in one file is not what I want.  I
agree that it has advantages, but I have settled on this for now:


(define (paragraph-about-a-manatee-for-lingua lingua)
  (let* ((current-lingua lingua))
`(p
  ,@(__ "img1|This|| is an image of a 
||link1|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manatee|manatee||."
`(("img1" .
   ,(lambda (text)
  `(img (@ (src 
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bair%27s_Cove_-_Haulover_Canal%2C_Merritt_Island_FL_-_Flickr_-_Rusty_Clark_%2833%29.jpg/320px-Bair%27s_Cove_-_Haulover_Canal%2C_Merritt_Island_FL_-_Flickr_-_Rusty_Clark_%2833%29.jpg;)
   (alt ,text)
  ("link1" .
   ,(lambda (url text)
  `(a (@ (href ,url))
 ,text





I implemented it like this:

(define translated-msg
  ;; gettext is not used directly because it would require repeated
  ;; setlocale calls, which should not be necessary.
  ;; See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3398113/php-gettext-problems
  (let […]
(lambda (msgid lingua)
  "Returns the msgstr for MSGID from the po file for LINGUA."
  […])))

(define (translated-multipart-msg msg lingua assoc)
  "Looks up MSG for LINGUA via Gettext and returns a list of its parts.

Parts are separated by two vertical bars ||.  If a part is prefixed by
a text followed by a vertical bar the text is looked up a lambda in
the association list ASSOC.  If found, the lambda is called on the
remainder of the part and the result added to the list.  If it is not
found or there is no vertical bar, the entire part is added to the
list."
  (define (split-along-unescaped-matches str pattern)
"Splits along pattern unless pattern is escaped by a backslash."
(let loop ((remainder str) ; what to match with
   (start 0)) ; where to start matching, used to ignore escaped 
matches
  (let ((match (string-match pattern remainder start)))
(if match ; if there is a match:
(if (and
 ;; if match not at the beginning
 (not (= (match:start match) 0))
 (eq? ; and escaped by a ba

Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Tue, Dec 12, 2017 at 05:45:50AM -0800, Matt Wette wrote:
> The FFI Helper uses `gcc --print-search-dirs' to locate gcc directories.  It 
> also adds /usr/include.
> I don't understand why it is not finding them.  It also uses `gcc -dM -E' to 
> determine #defines.
> Even with that, on my macOS system, I need to make fixes.   Can you determine 
> if some gcc 
> command, via `gcc --print-search-dirs' will find the correct includes?  Maybe 
> I should add a 
> `--with-gcc' command line argument.
> 
> Thanks,
> Matt
> 


There are no include directories found at all by
„gcc --print-search-dirs“ on my GuixSD or Arch installation.

$ gcc --print-search-dirs
install: 
/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/
programs: 
=/gnu/store/bhv43hzkfwcrvm2grq9fiw5bh1h5j3vc-gcc-7.2.0/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/bhv43hzkfwcrvm2grq9fiw5bh1h5j3vc-gcc-7.2.0/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/bhv43hzkfwcrvm2grq9fiw5bh1h5j3vc-gcc-7.2.0/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/
libraries: 
=/gnu/store/zrmhjw6kha4ghra2dkr06kldarxybgkw-profile/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/zrmhjw6kha4ghra2dkr06kldarxybgkw-profile/lib/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../:/gnu/store/3h31zsqxjjg52da5gp3qmhkh4x8klhah-glibc-2.25/libx86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/:/gnu/store/3h31zsqxjjg52da5gp3qmhkh4x8klhah-glibc-2.25/lib
$ gcc --print-search-dirs | grep include
$ 

It looks similar but less verbose on Arch.  On Parabola / Arch Linux
ffi-helper tried to find the 32-bit header on a 64-bit system which
was not installed.

According to https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-help/2007-09/msg00205.html
which I found with a very quick Web search one can check the output
from „cpp -Wp,-v“.

$ cpp -Wp,-v   
ignoring nonexistent directory "/no-gcc-local-prefix/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory 
"/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /gnu/store/zrmhjw6kha4ghra2dkr06kldarxybgkw-profile/include
 
/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/include
 
/gnu/store/h3z6nshhdlc8zgh4mi13x1br03xipi9r-gcc-7.2.0-lib/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.2.0/include-fixed
 /gnu/store/3h31zsqxjjg52da5gp3qmhkh4x8klhah-glibc-2.25/include
End of search list.

This looks right.  However this may be fragile.  Including these
directories with the -I option as well as the path to Gettext’s
include directory allows me to compile-ffi the gettext-po.ffi file.
Except when including  ffi-helper is still looking for not
installed gnu/stubs-32.h on a 64-bit system with a 64-bit glibc and
64-bit gcc.

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Tue, Dec 12, 2017 at 08:03:02AM +, ng0 wrote:
> > Apparently I need to install the 32-bit version of glibc in
> > order for it to work.  I tried
> > 
> > $ guix build -s i686-linux glibc
> > […]
> > @ build-succeeded 
> > /gnu/store/g7fj77yfv1m4xilfqxvzggm5kd20i10z-glibc-2.25.drv -
> > /gnu/store/km57wad98gyghrbj8pwydcscsh9y4n4d-glibc-2.25-debug
> > /gnu/store/n0nvyn4lbcawfdbmd0blydrsp5wll75n-glibc-2.25
> > 
> > Now
> > $ guild compile-ffi -I 
> > /gnu/store/0jjgg2bk6qmx87sdksm7bd2b3z10yd6j-gettext-0.19.8.1/include -I 
> > /gnu/store/n0nvyn4lbcawfdbmd0blydrsp5wll75n-glibc-2.25/include 
> > gettext-po.ffi
> > ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
> > wrote `gettext-po.scm'
> > 
> > worked with the original header file.
> > 
> 
> Solution: You don't install gcc on Guix. You install gcc-toolchain.
> I suspect that you have 'gcc' 'glibc' etc installed via
> guix package --install gcc glibc
> in your profile. That's not how it works on Guix.
> 

Yes, I only had gcc in my environment (via
“guix environment --ad-hoc”).  gcc-toolchain does not seem
to include the needed 32-bit gnu/stubs-32.h either when
built for x86_64.  I also have to set the glibc or
gcc-toolchain include path from the store anyway otherwise
“guild compile-ffi” cannot find stdlib.h.

$ guix environment --ad-hoc gcc-toolchain
$ cd build/nyacc/src/nyacc/examples
$ source env.sh
$ cd ~/keep/projects/pelzfloriande-website
$ guild compile-ffi gettext-po.ffi 
ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
(unknown):1: not found: "gettext-po.h"
compile-ffi: parse failed

$ guild compile-ffi -I 
/gnu/store/0jjgg2bk6qmx87sdksm7bd2b3z10yd6j-gettext-0.19.8.1/include 
gettext-po.ffi 
ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
(unknown):1: not found: "stdlib.h"
compile-ffi: parse failed

$ guild compile-ffi -I 
/gnu/store/z1y36la9q1xkc5i5vcxqm7d995nrngmn-gcc-toolchain-7.2.0/include -I 
/gnu/store/0jjgg2bk6qmx87sdksm7bd2b3z10yd6j-gettext-0.19.8.1/include 
gettext-po.ffi
ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
(unknown):1: not found: "gnu/stubs-32.h"
compile-ffi: parse failed

On Parabola I probably needed the lib32-glibc package.

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Sun, Dec 10, 2017 at 03:00:15PM -0800, Matt Wette wrote:
> 
> > On Dec 10, 2017, at 11:21 AM, pelzflorian (Florian Pelz) 
> > <pelzflor...@pelzflorian.de> wrote:
> >>(fh-object-set! eh-struct 'error error-p)
> 
> I was able to duplicate getting 0.  The problem was the argument `error-p'.
> (The bytestructures i/f seems to be silent here about he incorrect argument.)
>
> Please try instead the following:
> 
>   (fh-object-set! eh-struct 'error (ffi:pointer-address error-p))
> 
> Matt
> 

It works!  Thank you. :)

Regards,
Florian



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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Sun, Dec 10, 2017 at 02:35:16PM -0800, Matt Wette wrote:
> > By the way, what I forgot to mention is that I needed to replace
> > 
> > #include 
> > 
> > in the gettext-po.h header file by
> > 
> > typedef long size_t;
> > 
> > otherwise “guild compile-ffi gettext-po.ffi” would fail with the error
> > message
> > 
> > ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
> > (unknown):1: not found: "gnu/stubs-32.h"
> > compile-ffi: parse failed
> > 
> 
> 
> The FH compiler executed gcc to find all the hidden include directories.  If 
> you don't have gcc
> in your path (you didn't seem to have guile in your path) then it won't find 
> those directories.
> You can add `-I path-to-gcc-inc-dirs' arg to your path or make make sure 
> "gcc" is in your path.
> 
> Matt
> 

Thank you for the tip with the -I option.

Hmm I’ve since destroyed the Parabola operating system and
switched to GuixSD.  It still happens when I run

$ guild compile-ffi -I 
/gnu/store/0jjgg2bk6qmx87sdksm7bd2b3z10yd6j-gettext-0.19.8.1/include -I 
/gnu/store/n6nvxlk2j8ysffjh3jphn1k5silnakh6-glibc-2.25/include gettext-po.ffi
ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
(unknown):1: not found: "gnu/stubs-32.h"
compile-ffi: parse failed

A gnu/stubs-64.h exists though.

Apparently I need to install the 32-bit version of glibc in
order for it to work.  I tried

$ guix build -s i686-linux glibc
[…]
@ build-succeeded /gnu/store/g7fj77yfv1m4xilfqxvzggm5kd20i10z-glibc-2.25.drv -
/gnu/store/km57wad98gyghrbj8pwydcscsh9y4n4d-glibc-2.25-debug
/gnu/store/n0nvyn4lbcawfdbmd0blydrsp5wll75n-glibc-2.25

Now
$ guild compile-ffi -I 
/gnu/store/0jjgg2bk6qmx87sdksm7bd2b3z10yd6j-gettext-0.19.8.1/include -I 
/gnu/store/n0nvyn4lbcawfdbmd0blydrsp5wll75n-glibc-2.25/include gettext-po.ffi
ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
wrote `gettext-po.scm'

worked with the original header file.

(

Removing /usr/bin/gcc leads to a
different error message:

$ guild compile-ffi gettext-po.scm
/bin/sh: gcc: command not found
[…]

)

Regards,
Florian



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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Sun, Dec 10, 2017 at 07:22:55AM -0800, Matt Wette wrote:
> 
> > On Dec 9, 2017, at 10:06 AM, pelzflorian (Florian Pelz) 
> > <pelzflor...@pelzflorian.de> wrote:
> > (define xerror-handler-struct
> >  (make-struct-po_xerror_handler)) ; TODO SET HANDLERS:
> > ;; […]
> > 
> 
> First of all, FFI helper + Guile can't deal with this pattern: using varargs 
> function 
> members in structs.  This would require things like `va_arg' in libffi and 
> Guile.  I 
> have posted a request on the libffi dev site.  Your example also brought up 
> some gaps
> in the ffi helper.

Thank you.  I’m sorry to say that it did not work.

Actually it is not the “struct po_error_handler” but the
“struct po_xerror_handler” which I need.  I believe the “struct
po_error_handler” is not used anymore in current Gettext but I am not
sure.  varargs are not needed for “struct po_xerror_handler” (even
though support for them is desirable in general).

Hmm I tried mostly the same as you propose before for the xerror
handler and it did not work: fh-object-set! apparently did not have
any effect, i.e. a subsequent fh-object-ref returned 0 and on error
the callback handler function was called at address 0, causing a
SIGSEGV.

Either way, I tried your code for “struct po_error_handler” and put it
in my dot.ffi to see if it works.


> I think I may have a workaround for you, though.  Try to add code
> like the following to your dot-ffi file.  In functions calls that want a 
> error handler
> specified use std-po-error-handler.
> 
> 
> (define-ffi-module (gettext-po)
>   #:include '("gettext-po.h")
>   #:library '("libgettextpo"))
> 
> (define-public std-po-error-handler
>   (let* ((error
> (lambda (status errnum format)
>   (simple-format #t "~A\n" (ffi:pointer->string format
>(error-p
> (ffi:procedure->pointer ffi:void error (list ffi:int ffi:int '*)))
>;;
>(error_at_line
> (lambda (status errnum filename lineno format)
>   (simple-format #t "~A\n" (ffi:pointer->string format
>(error_at_line-p
> (ffi:procedure->pointer ffi:void error_at_line
> (list ffi:int ffi:int '* ffi:int '*)))
>;;
>(multiline_warning
> (lambda (prefix message)
>   (simple-format #t "~A ~A\n"
>  (ffi:pointer->string prefix)
>  (ffi:pointer->string message
>(multiline_warning-p
> (ffi:procedure->pointer ffi:void multiline_warning (list '* '*)))
>;;
>(multiline_error
> (lambda (prefix message)
>   (simple-format #t "~A ~A\n" prefix message)))
>(multiline_error-p
> (ffi:procedure->pointer ffi:void multiline_error (list '* '*)))
>;;
>(eh-struct (make-struct-po_error_handler)))
> 
> (fh-object-set! eh-struct 'error error-p)


I inserted an

(display (fh-object-ref eh-struct 'error)) (newline)

at this point at this point in the dot.ffi file.  Then when I ran

(use-modules (gettext-po))

from the REPL it printed 0, so presumably this does not work either.
It seems like the same issue.

> (fh-object-set! eh-struct 'error_at_line error_at_line-p)
> (fh-object-set! eh-struct 'multiline_warning multiline_warning-p)
> (fh-object-set! eh-struct 'multiline_error multiline_error-p)
> ;;
> (make-po_error_handler_t
>  (ffi:pointer-address
>   ((fht-unwrap struct-po_error_handler*)
>(pointer-to eh-struct))
> 



By the way, what I forgot to mention is that I needed to replace

#include 

in the gettext-po.h header file by

typedef long size_t;

otherwise “guild compile-ffi gettext-po.ffi” would fail with the error
message

ffi-help: WARNING: the FFI helper is experimental
(unknown):1: not found: "gnu/stubs-32.h"
compile-ffi: parse failed

So this change is needed in order to reproduce my issue.

Regards,
Florian


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Re: Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

On Sat, Dec 09, 2017 at 06:15:29PM +, ng0 wrote:
> Hey Florian,
> 
> interesting work. I opened a bug a very long time ago for Guix,
> and the content applied to Guile (as well as to the project
> I initiated (infotropique) and very likely many other Haunt
> using websites like Haunt itself, 8sync, etc).
> 
> I've seen the first versions of this a while back in the code
> for your website, I'll check out the changes soon, exciting work!
>

Oh, thank you. :) Some code is not clean and more proof-of-concept.

> My idea was a reimplementation of prep (a text format and html document
> generator that is capable to include multiple languages in its source
> files, written by lynX back in the early 90s (or earlier) iirc (and
> still used today).
>

Hmm I can find neither prep nor lynX in a quick Web search.

Po files are separate from the source code files.  I don’t know if
prep has such a separation or if such a separation really is better.

Then again, another issue with HTML/SHTML is that e.g. a hyperlink within
the text is difficult to handle with traditional format strings
without breaking the separation:

 * The link text should be translated in the context of the text
   surrounding the link

 * but the link formatting and maybe the link destination URL maybe
   should not be changeable by the translator.

Does prep handle this?

Regards,
Florian


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Website translations with Haunt

[pelzflorian (Florian Pelz)]

Hello,

First of all, I want to say thank you to the Guile, Haunt, ffi-helper
and related projects’ developers.

I built my personal website [1] using David Thompson’s Haunt [2] and
recently talked my university’s Islamic Students’ Association
(Islamische Hochschulvereinigung) into using Haunt for their
not-yet-finished website as well, because I think the concept of Haunt
and SHTML is superior to alternatives.  However in order to make the
website multilingual (the user can choose to view it in German or
English) so far I used an association list with assoc-ref which is not
very comfortable since all strings have to be added in two places,
i.e. in the SHTML code and in the association list where the code
looks for translations.

I want to ask for your thoughts on my new solution since translations
are probably important to many Haunt users.  In particular, I believe
there was some discussion on Website translation on the Guile or Guix
lists as well.

I did not want to use the ordinary gettext functions in order to not
call setlocale very often to switch languages.  It seems the Gettext
system is not designed for rapidly changing locales, but maybe I am
wrong about this and very many setlocale calls would not be that bad.

Using Matt Wette’s ffi-helper [3] and the libgettextpo from GNU
Gettext, [4] I now wrote code to convert a po file into an association
list where I can now look up translations.  (Note that I had to make
some patches to the c99dev branch of nyacc before building nyacc and
ffi-helper because the Makefile had spaces instead of tabs at one
place and it did not find guile and guild.  Maybe these patches were
just necessary because of a broken setup on my part though.)

I used this dot.ffi file to create libgettextpo bindings:

(define-ffi-module (gettext-po)
  #:include '("gettext-po.h")
  #:library '("libgettextpo"))

Then I wrote a procedure to convert a po file to an association list
to look up the msgstr for a msgid.  Note that by lingua I basically
mean a locale.

(use-modules
 (gettext-po)
 (system ffi-help-rt)
 ((system foreign)
 #:prefix ffi:)
 […])

(define xerror-handler-struct
  (make-struct-po_xerror_handler)) ; TODO SET HANDLERS:
;; […]

(define (translations-for-lingua lingua)
  "Returns po/.po converted to an association list of msgid–msgstr 
pairs."
  ;; TODO: STILL DISREGARDING PLURALS AND OTHER INFORMATION
  (let* ((po-file
  (po_file_read_v3
   (string-append "po/" lingua ".po")
   (pointer-to xerror-handler-struct)))
 (translations
  (if (ffi:null-pointer? (unwrap~pointer po-file))
  '()
  ;; otherwise:
  (let ((iter (po_message_iterator po-file ffi:%null-pointer)))
(let loop ((message (po_next_message iter)))
  (if (ffi:null-pointer? (unwrap~pointer message))
  (begin
(po_message_iterator_free iter)
'())
  ;; otherwise:
  (cons
   (cons
(ffi:pointer->string (po_message_msgid message))
(ffi:pointer->string (po_message_msgstr message)))
   (loop (po_next_message iter)
(if (not (ffi:null-pointer? (unwrap~pointer po-file)))
(po_file_free po-file))
translations))



I did this for every locale and made a second association list mapping
the locales to the msgid–msgstr association lists.  Then I wrote
translated-msg to do the lookup.


(define (translations-entry-for-lingua lingua)
  "Returns a pair of LINGUA and an association list of its translations."
  (cons
   lingua
   (translations-for-lingua lingua)))

(define translated-msg
  ;; gettext is not used directly because it would require repeated
  ;; setlocale calls, which should not be necessary.
  ;; See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3398113/php-gettext-problems
  (let ((translation-lists
 (map translations-entry-for-lingua linguas)))
(define (with-default value default)
  (if value value
  default))
(lambda (msgid lingua)
  "Returns the msgstr for MSGID from the po file for LINGUA."
  (let ((translations (assoc-ref translation-lists lingua)))
(with-default
 (assoc-ref translations msgid)
 msgid)


As a Gettext-like shorthand I wrote a macro called _ which calls the
above translated-msg function.  It takes the locale from the
current-lingua variable, so the macro deliberately breaks hygiene.

(define-syntax _
  (lambda (x)
"Gettext-like shorthand for translated-msg with what currently is 
current-lingua."
(syntax-case x ()
  ((_ msg)
   (with-syntax ((current-lingua (datum->syntax x 'current-lingua)))
#'(translated-msg msg current-lingua))


I use it like in this excerpt:

(define (back-button-for-lingua lingua)
  "SXML for a link back to the home page."
  (let ((current-lingua