Boycott Israel [IslamCity] Fw: Who is the Threat: Iran Or US?’
Who is the Threat: Iran Or US?’ News agencies have reported that the US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has warned that Iran poses the biggest threat to US Middle East interests, as she begins a major regional tour. Rice and US Defence Secretary Robert Gates are meeting Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Arab ministers at the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh. The meeting comes after Washington confirmed plans for a massive arms deal for the region. The tour is aimed at uniting US allies against Iran, Syria and Hezbollah. Rice denied Iranian claims that US policies were spreading fear in the Middle East. Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Mohammad Ali Hosseini had accused the US of tarnishing good relations between countries of the region. . We will have a chance to talk about what initiatives we might undertake with our friends and allies in the security and political areas, Rice said. We are very concerned to be able to provide for the security of our long-standing allies in the region. The United States revealed new military pacts worth 20 billion dollars (14.6 billion euros) for Saudi Arabia, 13 billion dollars for Egypt and 30 billion for Israel in a bid to counter Iran. We do not understand any good reason for all these sales of arms of very high amounts. Al these sales for economic interest of US . There is no need for further arms in Israel which is already heavily armed and is a undisclosed nuclear power. Egypt and Saudi Arabia also do not require arm and there is no threat to them except Israel in the long run.Wht this selling of arms to both sides, in the end it imay be directed against Iran for US hegemonic interest. Moreover these arms are not free, these will have to be purchased .This money is more required for the development of their economy, this is particularly the case for Egypt. We do not find any evidence that Iran is a threat to the Us. It is the other way round. Us is the threat to Iran, everyday US issues warning and threats of various sorts against Iran. We hope that all conscientious people and governments take note of it.
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] Is a nikah between an ithna ashari (jafri shia) women and a sunni man valid?
Question Is a nikah between a ithna ashari (jafri shia) women and a sunni man valid/ recognised and if any children born from that marriage are they halaal children. If so, please provide referances as i have heard that they (ithna ashari) are ahle kitab and therefore such marriages are valid however how are they ahle kitab when they believe that the quran has 40 chapters as opposed to 30. Answer In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatoh There are many sects of Shiism and each sect has a different set of beliefs, therefore not all Shias can be classified as non-believers. If the Shia does not believe in completeness of the Quran, chastity of Aisha (Radhiyallahu Anha), Imaan of the Sahaba (Radhiyallahu Anhum), etc., then he is out of the fold of Islam and is a disbeliever. The Ithna Ashariya sect holds these views, as a result they will not be considered to be Muslims. Nikah between such Shias and a Muslim is not valid, regardless if the Shia is a male or female.It is incorrect to believe that Shias are from the Ahle Kitab. Ahle Kitab are those who believed in a former book that was reviled to a prophet before Nabi (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã) namely the Christians and the Jews. Therefore the nikah is not valid and the children born from such marriage their lineage will not be connected with their fathers. Fatawa Uthmani (1:108) Ahsan al-Fatawa (1:75) Khair al-Fatawa (1:389) And Allah knows best Wassalam Ml. Ehzaz Ajmeri, Student Darul Iftaa Checked and Approved by: Mufti Ebrahim Desai Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In'aamiyyah Take the Internet to Go: Yahoo!Go puts the Internet in your pocket: mail, news, photos more. http://mobile.yahoo.com/go?refer=1GNXIC
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain 's National Khilafah Conference in London on 04-08-2007
Usually When People Are Sad They Don't Do Anything. They Just Cry Over Their Condition. But When They Get Angry, They Bring About Change. - Malcolm X Thousands to attend Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain 's National Khilafah (Caliphate) Conference in London http://www.hizb.org.uk/hizb/press-centre/press-release/thousands-to-attend-hizb-ut-tahrir-britain-s-national-khilafah-caliphate-conference-in-london.html London, UK , July 30 2007 Thousands of delegates will attend Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain 's national Khilafah (caliphate) conference at Alexandra Palace in London on Saturday 4th August 2007. The conference is part of a month of global activities to revive the Caliphate system of government in the Muslim world. During the Islamic calendar month of Rajab, Hizb ut-Tahrir is holding activities across the globe to raise awareness for the Caliphate, explore the challenges faced by the Muslim world in the pursuit of unity and present the Caliphate as a solution to the global problems the world faces. These activities will culminate in the largest ever Khilafah conference in history on August 12th 2007 when 100,000 delegates attend a conference at the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta , Indonesia Dr Imran Waheed, media representative of Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain, said, Our message to the Muslim community in Britain is aimed to reinforce the massive popularity for this political institution in the Muslim world, and to illustrate how we, whilst based so far away, can contribute to the debates currently raging about governance in the Muslim world. Islam through the restoration of the Caliphate in the Muslim world, far from being a cause of world chaos, today stands as the one solution that can bring stability and justice to the world. Given the current climate of suspicion and fear we feel that now more than ever people need to try to understand these legitimate political aspirations for the Muslim world, rather than simply falling for the reductionist Manichean arguments that paints everyone who seeks Islamic change in the Muslim world as extremists or supporters of terrorism. The conference will commence at 11 a.m. on Saturday 4th August 2007 and will end at 7.p.m. The venue is Alexandra Palace , Alexandra Palace Way, Wood Green, London , N22 7AY . Notes to Editors: 1. Press accreditation is necessary and requests for press accreditation should be made via email to ' ); document.write( addy61665 ); document.write( '' ); //-- [EMAIL PROTECTED] 2. Interviews can be conducted in English, Arabic or Urdu. 3. The full programme for the conference is available on our website. AB [EMAIL PROTECTED] For to us will be their return; then it will be for us to call them to account. (Holy Quran 88:25-26) - Sick sense of humor? Visit Yahoo! TV's Comedy with an Edge to see what's on, when.
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] Iraqis on the Run - Thanks to the CRUSADER
Iraq War LIE NO. 1 There Were a Lot of People, Both Republicans Democrats, Who Felt There Were WMDs. Many of the Leaders in the Congress Spoke Strongly About the Fact that Saddam Hussein had Weapons Prior to My Arrival in Washington, DC. And We're All Looking at the SAME Intelligence. So I Strongly Reject that this Administration hasn't Been Straight With the American people. GWB Iraqis on the Run Contributed by Tom Sunday, 04 February 2007 One of the World's Great Man-Made Disasters is Taking Place By Patrick Cockburn http://www.ichblog.eu/content/view/343/2/ Iraq is experiencing the biggest exodus in the Middle East since Palestinians were forced to flee in 1948 upon the creation of Israel. We were forced to leave our house six months ago and since then we have moved more than eight times, said Abu Mustafa, a 56-year-old man from Baghdad. Sectarian violence has now even reached the displacement camps but we are tired of running away. Sometimes I have asked myself if it is not better to die than to live like a Bedouin all my life. 02/04/07 CounterPunch -- -- Iraqis are on the run inside and outside the country. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees said 50,000 Iraqis a month are abandoning their homes. Stephanie Jaquemet, regional representative of the UNHCR, said that two million Iraqis have fled abroad and another 1.5-2 million are displaced within the country - many of them from before the fall of Saddam Hussein. They flee because they fear for their lives. Some 3,000 Iraqis are being killed every month according to the UN. Most come from Baghdad and the centre of the country, but all of Iraq outside the three Kurdish provinces in the north is extremely violent. A detailed survey by the International Organisation for Migration on displacement within Iraq said that most people move after direct threats to their lives: These threats take the form of abductions; assassinations of individuals or their families. There are fewer mixed areas left in Iraq. In Baghdad, militias now feel free to use mortars to bombard each other knowing that they will not hit members of their own community. Shia and Sunni both regard themselves as victims responding to provocation. The most common destinations are Jordan and Syria which have taken 1.6 million people. At first it was the better-off who fled, including half of Iraq's 34,000 doctors. Now it is the poor who are arriving in Amman and Damascus with little means of surviving. Only Syria has formally recognised a need for temporary protection for Iraqis. Others, including the US and UK, are loath to admit that one of the world's great man-made disasters is taking place. The UNHCR thinks every Iraqi should qualify as a refugee because of the extraordinary level of violence in the country. This is the fastest-growing refugee crisis in the world, Kenneth Bacon, president of Refugees International told the US Senate Judiciary Committee. Some do not run fast enough. Ali, a Shia businessman who also had a job with the government, was slow to abandon his fine house in a Sunni part of west Baghdad. One day he was picked up by a gang, whipped and only released when he had handed over all his money. The kidnappers told me to leave the country, he said. But not all succeed in getting out of the country. The land routes to Jordan and Syria run through Sunni territory. Shia trying to reach safety have been taken from their vehicles to be shot by the side of the road. But Shia can move to safety in south Iraq and therefore make up the bulk of the internally displaced. For Sunni there is no real place of safety in Iraq. In Baghdad they are being squeezed into smaller and smaller areas. Cities like Ramadi and Fallujah are partly ruined and very dangerous. Mohammed Sahib Ali, 48, a government employee, was forced out of the al-Hurriyah area by Shia militiamen. A Sunni, he took refuge in a school in Salah ad-Din province. We are dying here, said Ali. Not enough food, not enough medicines. I can't go to work and my three sons can't attend their classes. We don't know what to do. Patrick Cockburn is the author of 'The Occupation: War, resistance and daily life in Iraq', a finalist for the National Book Critics' Circle Award for best non-fiction book of 2006. AB [EMAIL PROTECTED] For to us will be their return; then it will be for us to call them to account. (Holy Quran 88:25-26) - Need a vacation? Get great deals to amazing places on Yahoo! Travel.
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] If a woman travels alone more than 52 miles (the distance at which NAMAZ is KASAR
Question Q1. Does a woman travel alone more than 52 miles (the distance at which NAMAZ is KASAR)? In other words does a woman travel with other passengers like in bus or train but without any MEHRAM? Answer In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatoh Although it is prohibited for her to travel alone without a mehram, if she does travel alone she should make qasar of her namaazes. And Allah knows best Wassalam Mufti M. Kadwa Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In'aamiyyah Pinpoint customers who are looking for what you sell. http://searchmarketing.yahoo.com/
Re: Boycott Israel [IslamCity] The myth of the holy cow - by Dwijendra Narayan Jha
Dear Mr. Raihan, Could u send me the more proof like this : *BEEF EATING IN HINDU SCRIPTURES*** *Lord Indra used to eat beef* Men with the stone press out for thee, O Indra, strong, gladdening Soma, and thereof thou drinkest. Bulls they dress for thee, and of these thou eatest when, Maghavan, with food thou art invited. [Rig-Veda 10:28:3] [Indra:] Fifteen in number, then, for me a score of bullocks they prepare, And I devour the fat thereof: they fill my belly full with food. Supreme is Indra over all. [Rig-Veda 10:86:14] *Lord Rama used to eat meat * Lord Rama laments to his mom (Kausalya) that he is going to be exiled from the palace at Ayodhya into the forest for fourteen years, and he explains how he will be missing eating meat as he is so accustomed to at the palace: [Rama:] I must to lonely wilds repair, abstain from flesh, and living there on roots, fruit, honey, hermit's food, pass twice seven years (14 yrs.) in solitude. To Bharat's hand the king will yield the regent power I thought to wield, and me, a hermit, will he send my days in Dandak wood to spend. [Ramayana 2:20] Meat is indeed the best kind of food. [Satapatha Brahmana 11:7:1:3; cf. 12:8:3:12] Muveen On 7/11/07, Raihan Raihan wrote: *The myth of the holy cow - by Dwijendra Narayan Jha* ** A book the government of India demands be ritually burned The growth of religious fundamentalism in India is symbolized by the existence of a BJP government committed to the Hindutva. There is growing pressure to declare the cow a sacred, national animal and to ban its slaughter. This illuminating work is a response to this crazed confessionalism. It challenges obscurantist views on the sanctity of the cow in Hindu tradition and culture. Dwijendra Narayan Jha, a leading Indian historian, argues that beef played an important part in the cuisine of ancient India, long before the birth of Islam. It was very much a feature of the approved Brahmanical and Buddhist diet. The evidence he produces from a variety of religious and secular texts is compelling. His opponents, including the current government of India and the fundamentalist groups backing it, have demanded that the book should be ritually burned in public. It has already been banned by the Allahabad High Court and the author's life has been threatened. While cow veneration and vegetarianism may be the hallmarks of Hinduism today, Mr. Jha compiles copious evidence that this has hardly always been the case. — *New York Times* This book may not please Hindu fundamentalists, but its research is impeccable. — *The Telegraph,* Calcutta, India The pen migh still be, if not mightier than the nuclear arsenal, at least a weapon worth scanning for, like knives at airports, a weapon capable of subversion. — *Times Literary Supplement* Jha draws on an amazingly wide range of material … an enlightening endeavour, demonstrating a critical understanding of a popular misconception. — *Journal of Asian Studies* ** *Dwijendra Narayan Jha* is Professor of History at the University of Delhi. His books include *Ancient India in Historical Outline* and *Feudal Social Formation in Early India.* ** Source: http://www.versobooks.com/books/ghij/ij-titles/jha_myth_cow.shtml -- Don't pick lemons. See all the new 2007 carshttp://autos.yahoo.com/new_cars.html;_ylc=X3oDMTE0OGRsc3F2BF9TAzk3MTA3MDc2BHNlYwNtYWlsdGFncwRzbGsDbmV3Y2Fycw--at Yahoo! Autos.http://autos.yahoo.com/new_cars.html;_ylc=X3oDMTE0OGRsc3F2BF9TAzk3MTA3MDc2BHNlYwNtYWlsdGFncwRzbGsDbmV3Y2Fycw--
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] The Salman Rushdie Case: An Islamic View
The Salman Rushdie Case: An Islamic View by Dr. Khalid Zaheer http://www.khalidzaheer.com/essays/kzaheer/criticism/the_salman_rushdie_case.html Ready for the edge of your seat? Check out tonight's top picks on Yahoo! TV. http://tv.yahoo.com/
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] Hibah boutique launch
Brand new Boutique opening to cater for our muslim sisters. Come and join us on our launch weekend 11th- 12th August, from 10am till 8pm. Our collection is made by traditional Indian and Middle Eastern craftsmanship containing intricate embroidery Swarovski beads, producing high quality one-off Abayas, Sheila and Saris. Hibah also offers made to measure Thoubes and Oudh by Ajmal. We are based in East London, enq: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Web address: www.hibahonline.com
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] International News (I.N. Daily) August 4, 2007
HYPERLINK http://indaily.netInternational News (I.N. Daily) August 4, 2007 HYPERLINK http://cjpp.org/Boycott Israel Apartheid (To End The Occupation, To Make The Wall Fall) English, Français, Español, عربي Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4080Harper [Canadian PM] refuses to attend Medal of Honour ceremony “Attending the ceremony would insult Israel” Future actions/ Action futur Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4063Rencontrer Thomas Mulcair Lundi le 6 août 2007 De 17h à 19h/ Meet Thomas Mulcair Monday August 6th 2007 5 to 7 pm Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4088CIC DINNER WITH YVONNE RIDLEY, Montreal, Toronto, Waterloo Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4078Documentaire sur la guerre contre le terrorisme au Canada; Cinema du Parc Montreal 09-08-07 Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4086LE 16 AOÛT, Montréal DÉNONCE LES ABUS ET L’INCOMPÉTENCE DU SCRS! Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4085AUGUST 16TH, Montreal DENOUNCES CSIS ABUSE AND INCOMPETENCE! News / Nouvelle Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4098More than 1,000 march to mark two years since Shfaram attack Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4075[100s] ‘Civilians dead’ in Nato air raids Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4068Petah Tikva schools refuse to accept 80 Ethiopian immigrants Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4066Rice seeks Arab front against Iran Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4091Hamas to Show an Improved Hand Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4090Papers will embarrass Abbas, Hamas says Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4077رئيس مباحث المنصورة يعذب «نجاراً» حتي الموت ليرغم شقيقه علي تسليم نفسه Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4069Nuclear reactor in Dimona is like a volcano that can erupt at any moment Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4070Israel may build nuclear plant Press Releas / Comunique de Presse Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4062Canadian Muslims and Arabs sent a letter to PM in regard to Omar Khadr’s Detention Report / Raport Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4097Iraq: One in seven joins human tide spilling into neighbouring countries Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4089Iraq: A very private war Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4092Important letter to President Bush from Evangelical Leaders Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4076Two Weeks in the Occupied Territories; Report from the Land of Apartheid Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4060Corruption ‘mars Iraq rebuilding’ Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4058Half of Iraq ‘in absolute poverty’ Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4102“A RACIST JEWISH STATE” Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4101« UN ÉTAT JUIF RACISTE » Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4100Danish withdrawal: Iraqi Resistance sends Danish Minister of “Defence” to the ground Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4074Halabja divided over Chemical Ali’s execution Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4067Are Egyptians reading? And if so what they are reading? Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4065Egyptian will always remember Nasser as one of them Article/Article Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4093Palestine: The Five Percent Solution Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4096Watch for the proclamation of a bogus, puppet Palestinian ‘State’ with temporary borders Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4081So Why Hasn’t Iran Started by Wiping Its Own Jews Off the Map? Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4095Why I am a Neo-Zionist Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4094U.S. vs. Iran: Cold War, Too Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4079Armageddon – Bring It On Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4071اقتصاد إسرائيل في عصر العولمة Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4083JEWISH GROUP GETS NEARLY HALF OF LIBERAL FUNDING Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4087IRAQ AND BROWN’S ‘SHARED VALUES’ Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4084OUR LADY FATIMAH Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4082Lebanon’s Crucial Special Elections Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4072انتفاضة سيناء الأولى Other/Autres Ø HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?p=4073سجادة اكبر من استاد كرة قدم صنعت في ايران HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/http://indaily.net HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/Some Useful Links Contain (Sub-Links): · Alternative Media and News · Boycott Israel · Canadian Election · Human Rights · Palestine and Middle East · Peace Movement Other Posts are available at: HYPERLINK https://lists.riseup.net/www/arc/i.n.dailyhttps://lists.riseup.net/www/arc/i.n.daily HYPERLINK http://groups.yahoo.com/group/internationalnews/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/internationalnews/ HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?page_id=16About I.N. Daily HYPERLINK http://indaily.net/?page_id=59Disclaimer No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.476 / Virus Database: 269.11.4/935 - Release Date: 03/08/2007 5:46 PM
Boycott Israel [IslamCity] The RAND Corporation and Fixing Islam - Daniel Pipes
We Will STAY THE COURSE Come What May In Our WAR ON ISLAM Until We SUCCEED In Getting the Muslims to Establish the KHILAFAH. We Are Making Great PROGRESS in this Regard Will Not Rest on Our Laurels Until We Can Proclaim to the World MISSION ACCOMPLISHED. I Would Be Failing In My Duty If I Do Not Thank the SICKularists, the MUTTerates, the FROGressives, the FOOLarists the DEFORMists (SMUFFED) Within the Muslim Community For Their GREAT HELP in Assisting Us In Achieving This Our NOBLE MISSION. GWB [The RAND Corporation and] Fixing Islam by Daniel Pipes New York Sun April 6, 2004 http://www.danielpipes.org/article/1704 The global war on terror cannot be won through counterterrorism alone; it also requires convincing the terrorists and their sympathizers that their goals and methods are faulty and failing. But how is this to be done? By focusing on the ideological and religious sources of the violence, say I: The immediate war goal must be to destroy militant Islam and the ultimate war goal the modernization of Islam. I have not worked out the detailed implications of this policy, however. Which explains my delight on finding that the RAND Corporation's Cheryl Benard has done just this, publishing her results in a small book titled Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources, and Strategies (available in full at RAND's Web site). Ms. Benard recognizes the awesome ambition of the effort to modernize Islam: If nation-building is a daunting task, she notes, religion-building is immeasurably more perilous and complex. This is something never tried before; we enter uncharted territory here. Civil Democratic Islam covers three topics: rival Muslim approaches to Islam; which approach contributes most to a moderate version of Islam; and policy recommendations for Western governments. Like other analysts, Ms. Benard finds that in relation to their religion, Muslims divide into four groups: · Fundamentalists, who, in turn, split into two. Radicals (like the Taliban) are ready to resort to violence in an attempt to create a totalitarian order. Scripturalists (like the Saudi monarchy ) are more rooted in a religious establishment and less prone to rely on violence. · Traditionalists, who also split into two. Conservatives (like Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani in Iraq) seek to preserve orthodox norms and old fashioned behavior as best they can. Reformists (like the Kuwaiti rulers) have the same traditional goals but are more flexible in details and more innovative in achieving them. · Modernists (like Muammar Gadhafi of Libya) assume that Islam is compatible with modernity and then work backwards to prove this point. · Secularists again split into two. The mainstream (like Atatürkists in Turkey) respects religion as a private affair but permits it no role in the public arena. Radicals (like communists) see religion as bogus and reject it entirely. The author brings these viewpoints to life in a smart, convincing presentation, showing their differences on everything from establishing the pure Islamic state to husbands having rights to beat their wives. She rightly dwells on values and lifestyles, finding dissimulation about polygamy far less commonplace than about the use of violence. Which of these groups is most suitable to ally with? Modernists, says Ms. Benard, are most congenial to the values and the spirit of modern democratic society. Fundamentalists are the enemy, for they oppose us and we oppose them. Traditionalists have potentially useful democratic elements but generally share too much with the fundamentalists to be relied upon. Secularists are too often anti-Western to fix Islam. Ms. Benard then proposes a strategy for religion-building with several prongs: · Delegitimize the immorality and hypocrisy of fundamentalists. Encourage investigative reporting into the corruption of their leaders. Criticize the flaws of traditionalism, especially its promoting backwardness. · Support the modernists first. Support secularists on a case-by-case basis. Back the traditionalists tactically against the fundamentalists. Consistently oppose the fundamentalists. · Assertively promote the values of Western democratic modernity. Encourage secular civic and cultural institutions. Focus on the next generation. Provide aid to states, groups, and individuals with the right attitudes. I agree with Ms. Benard's general approach, doubting only her enthusiasm for Muslim modernists, a group that through two centuries of effort has failed to help reconcile Islam with current realities. H.A.R. Gibb, the great orientalist, condemned modernist thinking in 1947 as mired in intellectual confusions and paralyzing romanticism. Writing in 1983, I dismissed modernism as a tired movement, locked in place by the unsoundness of its premises and arguments.
