Ben Nizette wrote:
On Mon, 2008-10-20 at 03:06 -0800, Nicholas Mc Guire wrote:
On Mon, 2008-10-20 at 10:55 +0100, Douglas, Jim (Jim) wrote:
We are contemplating porting a large number of device drivers to Linux.
The pragmatic solution is to keep them in user mode (using the UIO
framework) where possible ... they are written in C++ for a start.
The obvious disadvantages of user mode device drivers are security /
isolation. The main benefit is ease of development.
Do you know what the *technical* disadvantages of this approach might
be? I am most concerned about possible impact on interrupt handling.
For example, I assume the context switching overhead is higher, and that
interrupt latency is more difficult to predict?
Userspace drivers certainly aren't first class citizens; uio and kernel
mode drivers generally aren't really interchangeable.
The technical disadvantages of userspace drivers are that you don't have
access to kernel subsystems, you can't run any userspace content in irq
context so everything needs to be scheduled before it can be dealt with.
A UIO driver still needs a kernel component to do acknowledge the
interrupt. As such when you say interrupt latency you need to define
the end point. A UIO driver will have it's in-kernel handler called
just as quickly as any other driver but the userspace app will need to
be scheduled before it receives notification that the IRQ has fired.
The technical advantage of a UIO driver is that devices which only need
to shift data don't have to double-handle it. e.g. an ADC card doesn't
need to move ADC results from hardware to kernel, kernel to userspace,
it's just one fluid movement.
What kind of device drivers are you talking about? They have to be of a
fairly specific flavour to fit in to a UIO model. Linux isn't a
microkernel, userspace drivers are quite restricted in their power.
are these claims based on benchmarks of a specific driver ? I only know
of a singe UIO driver for a Hilscher CIF card and one for a SMX
Cryptengine (I guess thats yours any way) but none for a AD/DIO card - if
you know of such a driver I would be interested in seeing its performance.
When UIO was being discussed for inclusion, the example case being
thrown around was for such an ADC card. They claimed to have seen
significant improvements in speed by avoiding the double-handling of
data. Come to think of it, I can't see that this specific driver has
shown up...
But what kind of benchmarks do you want? When I say restricted in
their power I mean more in a feature-set kind of way than a raw speed
way. Userspace drivers can't plug in to kernel subsystems so can't, for
example, be SPI hosts or terminal devices or network hardware or
anything else which sits in the middle of a standard stack. All they
can do is be notified of an interrupt and have direct access to a lump
of memory.
As I asked before, what's your use-case? It tends to be fairly obvious
whether the hardware is suitable for a UIO-based driver or whether it's
going to have to live in kernel.
Also if you know of any simple UIO sample drivers that would also help.
As in examples of the userspace half? Unfortunately uio-smx isn't ready
to fly thanks to some significant production delays but the userspace
half of the Hilscher CIF driver can be found at
http://www.osadl.org/projects/downloads/UIO/user/
As I see it, mainly the license conditions attract people to use UIO.
Performance is not that important.
Wolfgang.
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