Re: [MapHist] From an official WW2 Allied intelligence publication:
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + Foreign maps, by Everett C. Olson and Agnes Whitmarsh, New York and London, Harpers, 1944. This little book is a wonderful overview of the characterisstics and symbols on "foreign" maps from around the world. It belongs in any map collection that has a supply of WW2 vintage paper maps...ah, the good old days. Amazon has 14 copies, search foreign maps olson and it will pop up. Alice C. Hudsonachuds...@verizon.netalice...@att.blackberry.netJan 26, 2011 09:13:25 PM, maphist@geo.uu.nl wrote: This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list)o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + "Tactical and Technical Trends" was published by the U.S. MilitaryIntelligence Service in WWII from June 1942 to June 1945. Publicationwas initially biweekly, and later monthly. "Tactical and TechnicalTrends" covered much of the same material as the IntelligenceBulletin, although generally more in-depth. The same articlesfrequently appeared in both publications.http://www.lonesentry.com/intelbulletin/tt_trends.htmlGERMAN COMPASS CARDhttp://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt34/german-compass-card.htmlREADING A JAPANESE MAPhttp://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt09/japanese-map.html___MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartographyhosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht.The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those ofthe author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University ofUtrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility forthe views of the author.List Information: http://www.maphist.nlMaphist mailing listMaphist@geo.uu.nlhttp://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
Re: [MapHist] From an official WW2 Allied intelligence publication:
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + This one contains a limited amount of information on German map symbols: http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/misc_feb43/index.html On 1/26/2011 6:13 PM, Michael Holt wrote: This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + "Tactical and Technical Trends" was published by the U.S. Military Intelligence Service in WWII from June 1942 to June 1945. Publication was initially biweekly, and later monthly. "Tactical and Technical Trends" covered much of the same material as the Intelligence Bulletin, although generally more in-depth. The same articles frequently appeared in both publications. http://www.lonesentry.com/intelbulletin/tt_trends.html GERMAN COMPASS CARD http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt34/german-compass-card.html READING A JAPANESE MAP http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt09/japanese-map.html ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist -- Dr. Duane F. Marble Email: dmarble at OregonFast.net 2226 Primrose Lane Telephone: 541.902.8837 Florence, OR 97439 Cell: 541.991.1730 Emeritus Professor of Geography -- The Ohio State University Courtesy Professor of Geosciences -- Oregon State University The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not “Eureka” but “That’s funny...” —Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
[MapHist] From an official WW2 Allied intelligence publication:
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + "Tactical and Technical Trends" was published by the U.S. Military Intelligence Service in WWII from June 1942 to June 1945. Publication was initially biweekly, and later monthly. "Tactical and Technical Trends" covered much of the same material as the Intelligence Bulletin, although generally more in-depth. The same articles frequently appeared in both publications. http://www.lonesentry.com/intelbulletin/tt_trends.html GERMAN COMPASS CARD http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt34/german-compass-card.html READING A JAPANESE MAP http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt09/japanese-map.html ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
Re: [MapHist] Help with Map Reproduction?
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + Thanks Helen, will check it out. In a message dated 1/26/2011 10:12:19 A.M. Eastern Standard Time, he...@georgeglazer.com writes: This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + It’s H.H. Lloyd & Co., not “Lloyl.” According to Walter Ristow’s book “ American Maps and Mapmakers” they published maps from several locations in New York City from around 1860 to 1878. One place to look for your map is davidrumsey.com, or to search the collections at the New York Public Library or Library of Congress. This site might also help you locate other collections: _http://www.maphistory.info/_ (http://www.maphistory.info/) . ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø Helen Glazer, Creative Director George Glazer Gallery _http://www.georgeglazer.com_ (http://www.georgeglazer.com/) Antique Globes, Maps & Prints ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø On 1/25/11 7:10 PM, "_NeedhamAncestry@aol.com_ (mip://01f72798/Ne edhamances...@aol.com) " <_NeedhamAncestry@aol.com_ (mip://01f72798/needhamances...@aol.com) > wrote: This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + Recently bought a matted, and framed "copy", I think, slightly larger than 18 x 24 inches, entitled: MAP OF THE UNITED STATES WARNER & BEERS, PUBLISHERS, FROM H. H. LLOYL & CO.S ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES >From the illustrations of the states, I would place the original between 1864 (it shows West Virginia) to 1889 (just shows Dakota, not North and South). Tried looking for this online and could not find an identical match with the title above. Any help would be appreciated. Novice at this stuff. Bruce Needham ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: _http://www.maphist.nl_ (http://www.maphist.nl/) Maphist mailing list _maph...@geo.uu.nl_ (mip://01f72798/Maphist@geo.uu.nl) _http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist_ (http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist) ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
Re: [MapHist] Help with Map Reproduction?
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + The U.S. map in Rumsey's atlas is dated (1872, or was it 1873?). Bruce's map apparently is undated. Maybe his is the same as the one here: http://www.oldimprints.com/OldImprints/search.cfm?UR=28516&search_stage=details&records_to_display=50&this_book_number=45&gallery=map_gallery Jay L. Jay Lester Chapel Hill, NC On Wed, Jan 26, 2011 at 9:39 AM, Helen Glazer wrote: > This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the > whole list) > o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + > > > It’s H.H. Lloyd & Co., not “Lloyl.” According to Walter Ristow’s book > “American Maps and Mapmakers” they published maps from several locations in > New York City from around 1860 to 1878. One place to look for your map is > davidrumsey.com, or to search the collections at the New York Public > Library or Library of Congress. This site might also help you locate other > collections: http://www.maphistory.info/. > > ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø > Helen Glazer, Creative Director > George Glazer Gallery > http://www.georgeglazer.com > Antique Globes, Maps & Prints > ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø > > On 1/25/11 7:10 PM, "needhamances...@aol.com" > wrote: > > This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the > whole list) > o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + > > > -- > Recently bought a matted, and framed "copy", I think, slightly larger than > 18 x 24 inches, entitled: > > MAP OF THE > UNITED STATES > WARNER & BEERS, > PUBLISHERS, > FROM H. H. LLOYL & CO.S > ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES > > >From the illustrations of the states, I would place the original between > 1864 (it shows West Virginia) to 1889 (just shows Dakota, not North and > South). > > Tried looking for this online and could not find an identical match with > the title above. > > Any help would be appreciated. > > Novice at this stuff. > > Bruce Needham > > ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
Re: [MapHist] Help with Map Reproduction?
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + It¹s H.H. Lloyd & Co., not ³Lloyl.² According to Walter Ristow¹s book ³American Maps and Mapmakers² they published maps from several locations in New York City from around 1860 to 1878. One place to look for your map is davidrumsey.com, or to search the collections at the New York Public Library or Library of Congress. This site might also help you locate other collections: http://www.maphistory.info/. ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø Helen Glazer, Creative Director George Glazer Gallery http://www.georgeglazer.com Antique Globes, Maps & Prints ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø On 1/25/11 7:10 PM, "needhamances...@aol.com" wrote: > This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the > whole list) > o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + > > > Recently bought a matted, and framed "copy", I think, slightly larger than 18 > x 24 inches, entitled: > > MAP OF THE > UNITED STATES > WARNER & BEERS, > PUBLISHERS, > FROM H. H. LLOYL & CO.S > ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES > > From the illustrations of the states, I would place the original between 1864 > (it shows West Virginia) to 1889 (just shows Dakota, not North and South). > > Tried looking for this online and could not find an identical match with the > title above. > > Any help would be appreciated. > > Novice at this stuff. > > Bruce Needham > > > ___ > MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography > hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. > The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of > the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of > Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for > the views of the author. > List Information: http://www.maphist.nl > > Maphist mailing list > Maphist@geo.uu.nl > http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
[MapHist] The Spanish nautical degree vs. the Portuguese degree
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + Dear all, Just two short notes on the comments made by Paulo. 1. Yes, there are two distinct aspects to consider in the degree of latitude issue: the political (or planetary, like Paulo says) and the navigational. Paradoxically, they seem to be unrelated, as the pacific coexistance of the different standards in the Iberian cartography throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries proves emphatically. On the other hand, I'm not aware of any serious attempt to settle the question in scientific terms. On the contrary, the experimental value of 20 Castillian leagues found by Antonio de Nebrija ca. 1510 (which is quite close to the exact value) was apparently ignored by cartographers and polititians of both sides. Of course, the distance between Europe and the Moluccas was also an important element of information, maybe the preponderant one. I'm not aware of the rationale behind the Saragossa decison but probably it was based on this last element. 2. It is true that charts were manipulated by both Spain and Portugal during the sixteenth century, most especially in the representation of South America. But I see no signs of it either in the Cantino planisphere or in Pedro Reinel's chart of ca. 1504. This applies to the depictions of Brazil (the stretch of the coast visited by Cabral, where astronomical observations were made), Newfoundland and Greenland (please see all details in the thesis). In this case, I think that the evidence given by the sources (the charts) should always prevail over our a-priori assumptions... As for the mathematical methods, they are nothing more than powerful tools that help us unveiling the meaning of those sources. Joaquim Alves Gaspar <>___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
[MapHist] FW: Royal Scottish Geographical Society Awards
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + At the speciific request of Ms J. Margaret Wilkes (a former Map Librarian, National Library of Scotland) I post the appended pleasurable announcement. Francis Herbert francis443herb...@btinternet.com "For British Cartographic Society, its Map Curators' Group and general cartographic interest, as well as for (please) disseminating more widely on lis-maps / Map-Hist Bulletin Boards, I'm very happy to inform you of the following two Royal Scottish Geographical Society Awards which were conferred in Perth on 24 January 2011 by the Society's Vice President, the well-known explorer David Hempleman-Adams. (I've informed Tony Campbell for including in Imago Mundi's annual Chronicle). 1. An Honorary Fellowship of the Society (FRSGS) on Professor Charles Withers, Professor of Historical Geography in the University of Edinburgh . Honorary Fellowships are awarded 'in recognition of distinguished contributions to the work of the Society and / or for contributions to the advancement of geography in Scotland '. As you'll know, Charles Withers' research also includes themes within the history of cartography. He was awarded the Society's Centenary Medal (now re-named Coppock Research Medal) in 2009 for his outstanding contributions in the field of Geographical enquiry and the development of Geography as a discipline. 2. The Society's prestigious 'Bartholomew Globe', 'for excellence in the assembly, delivery or application of geographical information through cartography, GIS and related techniques' was presented to Chris Fleet, Senior Map Curator in the Map Division of the National Library of Scotland. Chris was also awarded the Honorary Fellowship of the Society (FRSGS). For further reference and a list of previous Society awardees you may care to see the relevant page of the Society's website http://www.rsgs.org/awardsandmedals/ Margaret Wilkes RSGS Trustee, and Convenor of RSGS Collections & Information Committee" ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
[MapHist] Re: Portuguese vs. Spanish nautical degree and the Treaty of Saragossa of 1529
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + Joaquim: Ooops...late hours of the night... 2011/1/26 Paulo Afonso > Caro Joaquim Alves Gaspar: > > Viva :-) > > Many thanks for your comments relative to your interesting thesis and > contents there related to the discussion on the measurement of a degree of > longitude, and the dispute matters between Portugal and Spain. > > Well first of all it is obvious that the longitude degree-scale translated > into leagues-length of curved surface was not the same, between Portugal and > Spain - otherwise they would match nicely in what comes to accept where the > Anti-Tordesilhas line would exactly pass by. > > This was not the case at all - Spain and Portugal claimed different > measurements and thus had a very hard dispute to solve. > > As you say in your thesis - pages 41, 42 - the relevant matter is not > exactly the measurement/definition of a league in itself, but how many > leagues exist in a longitude degree. I believe these thesis pages are the > most relevant ones for the discussion here. Your argument there assumes that > the distance between Lisbon and the Molucas islands is known - then it > follows a/your correct discussion for the Portuguese more leagues per degree > being correct, vs. the smaller Spanish leagues per degree, that would sooner > grasp too many degrees, placing such distance to the Molucas already in > Spanish Territory, and the Anti-Tordesilhas line too close (say) to Malacca > instead (too far West of the Molucas then...). This in the scenario where > you measure from East to West, from Lisbon along Europe, Asia - to the other > side of the world. In this scenario, the world would then have a bigger > perimeter for the Portuguese - Earth being smaller for the Spanish. This was > the orientation of my first email, stating so. > > I meant obviously from West to East here...from Lisbon along Europe-Asia to ...far East Molucas...as I correctly follow up below in the text... Bons ventos, Paulo Afonso ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
[MapHist] Portuguese vs. Spanish nautical degree and the Treaty of Saragossa of 1529
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + Caro Joaquim Alves Gaspar: Viva :-) Many thanks for your comments relative to your interesting thesis and contents there related to the discussion on the measurement of a degree of longitude, and the dispute matters between Portugal and Spain. Well first of all it is obvious that the longitude degree-scale translated into leagues-length of curved surface was not the same, between Portugal and Spain - otherwise they would match nicely in what comes to accept where the Anti-Tordesilhas line would exactly pass by. This was not the case at all - Spain and Portugal claimed different measurements and thus had a very hard dispute to solve. As you say in your thesis - pages 41, 42 - the relevant matter is not exactly the measurement/definition of a league in itself, but how many leagues exist in a longitude degree. I believe these thesis pages are the most relevant ones for the discussion here. Your argument there assumes that the distance between Lisbon and the Molucas islands is known - then it follows a/your correct discussion for the Portuguese more leagues per degree being correct, vs. the smaller Spanish leagues per degree, that would sooner grasp too many degrees, placing such distance to the Molucas already in Spanish Territory, and the Anti-Tordesilhas line too close (say) to Malacca instead (too far West of the Molucas then...). This in the scenario where you measure from East to West, from Lisbon along Europe, Asia - to the other side of the world. In this scenario, the world would then have a bigger perimeter for the Portuguese - Earth being smaller for the Spanish. This was the orientation of my first email, stating so. If you make the measurements however in the opposite direction, from Lisbon towards the Atlantic, then Pacific, etc. - then more leagues per degree help the Spanish and not the Portuguese. Thus the text from David Owens that Joel Kovarsky copied in a former email, refers to more leagues per degree for the Spanish instead. In that case the Earth would be bigger for Spain - and not for Portugal. So my correction to my first email (that perhaps I should not have corrected, but instead explain better the "axioms" of the measurements in my first email) assumes a measurement from East to West, and Owens reference to a longer degree for the Spanish - unlike what you refer in your pages Joaquim. However I must say that I always learned the problem as you state it Joaquim - and that was my first email information content indeed. One needs to be careful though about what quantity is fixed - if the distance Lisbon-Molucas is fixed and accepted both by Portugal and Spain then your pages are correct (doing longitude measurements from Lisbon-West to the Molucas at East of Lisbon). However if that distance is not fixed, if a dispute also exists about how big is indeed the Earth's equatorial perimeter...then one can end up in the exact opposite situation when measuring from Lisbon at East to the Molucas at West (if taking a longer Spanish degree instead, as suggested in the text of Owens/Furlong, etc.). In fact what I recalled was the Spanish degree having less leagues than the Portuguese one for purposes of Molucas/Tordesilhas definition (with the assumption of fixing such distance Lisbon-Molucas, measuring longitude from West to East). However indeed the discussion can be very confusing if one does not clearly defines what is fixed to start the problem with. I think the only thing that could be peacefully fixed is to divide the world in 2 - so 180 degrees for Portugal 180 degrees for Spain. I find it harder to have agreements on the exact distance to the Molucas (thus on the Earth's equatorial perimeter)...and thus also on the length of a degree...assuming both parts could easily agree on making the measurements also from West to East. Indeed King Dom João III knew quite well about how hard (and potentially confusing as it was since Tordesilhas) it would be to convince Spain (or vice-versa) of an absolute geographical-longitude-distance "scale". Thus Portugal goes for the re-negotiations of Tordesilhas (that ended up in the Treaty of Saragossa of 1529) also with the strong argument of older presence in the Molucas/Spice islands area. Portugal was there already for a decade, before the Spanish arrived (in Magellan-lead expedition). The Portuguese Fort of Ternate Island is then built in 1522. Later Spain built a fort just in front, in the neighbor island of Tidore in 1526, that the Portuguese attack at once. If there was no difference at all - as you suggest/prove in your thesis to be the case in the Atlantic latitude degree length - in the longitude degrees of both nations, then there would be no open issues left in the Saragossa Treaty. Yet these issues were indeed left open. Future cartographers/astronomers/cosmographers
[MapHist] Ingrid Kretschmer: death
This is a MapHist list message (when you hit 'reply' you're replying to the whole list) o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + o + Professor Dr Ingrid Kretschmer, the well-respected Austrian cartographer, teacher, writer and historian of cartography, died on 22 January in Linz, Austria. [This information received by me from Prof. Dr Zsolt Török (Hungary), via Professor Elri Liebenberg (South Africa; Chair of International Cartographic Association's Commission on the History of Cartography), and via Dr Christopher Board (UK) of ICA .] Francis Herbert ___ MapHist: E-mail discussion group on the history of cartography hosted by the Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht. The statements and opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Utrecht. The University of Utrecht does not take any responsibility for the views of the author. List Information: http://www.maphist.nl Maphist mailing list Maphist@geo.uu.nl http://mailman.geo.uu.nl/mailman/listinfo/maphist
