Mersenne Digest V1 #513
Mersenne Digest Thursday, 25 February 1999 Volume 01 : Number 513
--
From: Henrik Olsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 13:01:24 +0100 (CET)
Subject: Re: Mersenne: linux
On Sun, 21 Feb 1999, André de Boer wrote:
Subject: Mersenne: linux
Hello,
Recently i installed linux on my pc and i'm thinking of
switching to this platform.
What's the best way to transform my prime configuration to
this platform.
Can i download the files for linux and copying the p* and q*
files to linux?
Thanks in advance for the reaction,
Andre de Boer
Just run mprime in the same directory as you have prime95.exe, it'll use
the same .ini and p*/q* files, updating them in a compatible way.
I regularly switch between Win95 and Linux, simply continuing the
calculations where they stopped in whatever system I was in last.
- --
Henrik Olsen, Dawn Solutions I/S
URL=http://www.iaeste.dk/~henrik/
Get the rest there.
Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm
--
From: Marc Getty [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 09:31:15 -0500
Subject: Mersenne: TempleU-CAS Top Producer
i see the new top producer is TempleU-CIS. i assume
this is temple university in pittsburg pennsylvania. i conjecture
that cis is computer information security? congratulations
templeU-CIS. how did you do it? spike
Try, TempleU-CAS in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. The former College
of Arts Sciences at Temple University. See http://etc.temple.edu
for how it was done.
Marc Getty - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - ICQ: 12916278
http://www.getty.net - http://www.vwthing.org Work: 215-204-3291
http://etc.temple.edu/Home: 215-322-8363
Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm
--
From: "Foghorn Leghorn" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 13:28:12 EST
Subject: Mersenne: Re-ordering work?
I recently received an unusually small assignment--around 4.8
million--and I'm wondering if it would be okay to start it sooner by
moving the relevant entry in worktodo.ini to the second line, right
after the current test in progress. Is there anything wrong with this?
__
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm
--
From: Matthew A Lewis [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 14:02:08 -0600
Subject: SR (was Re: Mersenne: all these primes...)
according to special relativity, spike, that will be one
SLOW, half-duplex conversation
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
i like the idea of finding larger and larger prime numbers but i still
dont know what this will do for modern mathematics
i thought of a good reason to have enormous prime numbers:
we would use them to impress extraterrestrial intelligences, should
we ever manage to contact them. any alien civilization capable
of building receivers must understand mathematics, and since
primes are prime in every base, they would understand mersenne
primes too. they may call them something else, such as
freemblookum primes, but they would get it. if there is no
other way, in principle, to discover freemblookums other than
massive brute force computation, we might make a little game
of it: we send them the first 37, they send us the 38th, we send them
39th etc, and so the whole universe will watch the outcome of our
first interstellar intelligence contest... {8^D spike
Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm
--
From: Daren Scot Wilson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 19:53:32 +
Subject: Mersenne: Riemann's Hyp.
Will knowing more Mersenne Primes help in any way with finally resolving
Riemann's hypothesis? That has always been my favorite Great Unsolved Problem
since the four-color theorem was proven.
- --
Daren Scot Wilson
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
www.newcolor.com
-
"A ship in a harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for"
-- William Shedd
Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm
--
From: Kotera Hiroshi[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Kotera Hiroshi)
Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 11:37:11 +0900 (JST)
Subject: Mersenne: Early China math predates Greeks
Dear all
The following item can be found in Japan Times ST
on Friday, Feb. 26 1999.
Early China math predates Greeks:
PARIS (AFP) - Chinesne mathematicians used formulae
Mersenne Digest V1 #512
Mersenne Digest Sunday, 21 February 1999 Volume 01 : Number 512 -- From: "Aaron Blosser" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 08:15:37 -0700 Subject: RE: Mersenne: Problem Running NTPrime Curtis Cooper Sent: Thursday, February 18, 1999 7:04 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Mersenne: Problem Running NTPrime I am trying to run NTPrime Version 17.1 as a service under Windows NT 4.0. I have been having trouble keeping it running; it seems like the System Idle Process will take control of the CPU. Things will run fine for a day or two; NTPrime will start automatically and when I check the Task Manager it is using 99% of the CPU. But then I will come back a day or so later and sometime during that time period the System Idle Process took control and is running at 99% CPU usage and NTPrime has 0%. snip Is there an explanation why the System Idle Process is taking control of the CPU? The NT "idle" process is not so much a process as just a measurement of how much your computer is *not* doing. The fact that NTPrime didn't seem to be doing anything means that perhaps it hung, or maybe it didn't have any work to do. Next time this happens, check the "worktodo.ini" file and see if there's anything in there maybe. It's quite normal to see the "idle" process with lots of CPU "usage" when no programs are doing anything. Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 18:25:11 EST Subject: Mersenne: Re: fascist symbolism In a message dated 19/02/99 09:34:44, you write: Subject: RE: Mersenne: Link from Knuth's Home Page Note that the Fascist party in Italy was called this because its symbol had a bundle of something (wheat? twigs?) in the middle, and the Italian for bundle is "fascio". In ancient Roman times, it was a bundle of sticks carried by an official called the "lictor" to symbolise his power to beat miscreants. The modern Italian fascists added an axe in the centre of the bundle, to symbolise capital punishment by beheading. This was not present in the ancient Roman version. Or so I learnt in Latin classes, anyway. Stanford University at one time had an outstation near Florence, Italy, where there was a swimming pool with this fascist emblem on the bottom. While there I took a bath in a tub (large) which had been used by Mussolini, in addition to swimming in the pool. I hope this puts an end to this off-topic thread. George. Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: Bryan Fullerton [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 19:55:25 -0500 Subject: Mersenne: Factoring... Howdy, I'm running PrimeNet on my 486sx/25 Linux router box (yeah, I know...). Right now it's factoring M8956237, and it seems to do about one pass per day. It's going to take a while. :) Would adding a 487 math co-processor speed this up? If so, by how much? I have no idea about the algorythm used, so I don't know if this is primarily doing integer or floating point operations. Thanks, Bryan - -- Bryan Fullertonhttp://www.samurai.com/ Owner, Lead Consultant http://www.feh.net/ Samurai Consulting http://www.icomm.ca/ "No, we don't do seppuku." Can you feel the Ohmu call? Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: "John R Pierce" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sat, 20 Feb 1999 01:11:24 -0800 Subject: Mersenne: phew. bigger and bigger Just got my first primenet assignment over 7 million yesterday. phew. estimated 65 days on a pentium 166mmx system (ok, so this is one of my junk boxes that happened to get it). - -jrp Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: "Aaron Blosser" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sat, 20 Feb 1999 08:58:35 -0700 Subject: RE: Mersenne: phew. bigger and bigger Just got my first primenet assignment over 7 million yesterday. phew. estimated 65 days on a pentium 166mmx system (ok, so this is one of my junk boxes that happened to get it). I've got a couple of those myself. Scott Kurowski: Didn't you say that you had planned to increase the requirements for a machine to get an LL test assignment? For the 7M+ exponents, would it be wise to raise the bar again to maybe a 200MHz machine or even higher? Meanwhile, in other news, anyone spot my name in the March PC Magazine's "Abort, Retry, Fail?" section (last page)? The previous mention some months ago prompted me to write the author, asking him to correct
Mersenne Digest V1 #511
Mersenne Digest Thursday, 18 February 1999 Volume 01 : Number 511 -- From: "Olivier Langlois" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 02:41:14 -0500 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Link from Knuth's Home Page - -Original Message- From: Todd Sauke [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 16 février, 1999 19:31 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Link from Knuth's Home Page Paul Derbyshire wrote: What the devil is a "fascicle"? My first thought was "Why not just look it up in the dictionary?" I was amused that my Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary's first definition of fascicle is "an inflorescence consisting of a compacted cyme less capitate than a glomerule" . . . Okaa fascicule is a french word which means a small publication. Todd Sauke Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: "Adam Atkinson" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 17 Feb 99 14:09:22 + Subject: RE: Mersenne: Link from Knuth's Home Page Note that the Fascist party in Italy was called this because its symbol had a bundle of something (wheat? twigs?) in the middle, and the Italian for bundle is "fascio". - -- Adam Atkinson ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) It is a sobering thought, for example, that when Mozart was my age, he had been dead for two years. (T. Lehrer) Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: "Vincent J. Mooney Jr." [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 12:45:32 -0500 (EST) Subject: RE: Mersenne: Link from Knuth's Home Page Yes. The Romans used the word "fasces" to decribe a bundle of sticks bound together to hold an axe at one end (a picture would be worth a lot but I don't have one). The cord was wrapped around the bundle. The axe was used in war as well as construction. Benito Mussolini and the Italians knew about this, being well steeped in Italian, i.e., Roman history. Beniti coined fascist from "fasces" telling the Italians that they were strong if bound together. History lesson for the day. At 02:09 PM 2/17/99 +, you wrote: Note that the Fascist party in Italy was called this because its symbol had a bundle of something (wheat? twigs?) in the middle, and the Italian for bundle is "fascio". -- Adam Atkinson ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) It is a sobering thought, for example, that when Mozart was my age, he had been dead for two years. (T. Lehrer) Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: "Sander Hoogendoorn" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 11:47:53 PST Subject: Mersenne: Completely Factored Can sombody please tell me when a number is completely factored? __ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 04:55:57 +0100 (MET) Subject: Re: Mersenne: Completely Factored "Sander Hoogendoorn" [EMAIL PROTECTED] asks Can sombody please tell me when a number is completely factored? The prime factors of 2^29 - 1 are 233, 1103, and 2089. The equation 2^29 - 1 = 233 * 1103 * 2089 gives the _factorization_ or _complete factorization_ of 2^29 - 1. Whereas 2^29 - 1 = 233 * 2304167 (where 2304167 = 1103 * 2089) 2^29 - 1 = 1103 * 486737 (where 486737 = 233 * 2089) 2^29 - 1 = 2089 * 256999 (where 256999 = 233 * 1103) are _partial factorizations_ of 2^29 - 1. A complete factorization factors a number into prime factors. A partial factorization allows composite cofactors (which are smaller than the original number). If someone finds the factor 233 of 2^29 - 1, he/she can compute the cofactor 2304167, and subject the cofactor to a probable prime test. If the cofactor is definitely composite, we have only a partial factorization, and more work is needed. If instead the cofactor passes the probable prime test, we try to prove it prime so we can be sure the factorization is complete. Unsubscribe list info -- http://www.scruz.net/~luke/signup.htm -- From: Henk Stokhorst [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 08:48:11 +0100 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Completely Factored
Mersenne Digest V1 #509
Mersenne Digest Sunday, 14 February 1999 Volume 01 : Number 509 -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1999 18:42:55 EST Subject: Mersenne: (no subject) The last time I sent results in my total exponents tested was 7 and Cpu years were 1.670. Since then my account has been updated to 8 exponents and 1.929 years. This happened after the new server went on line. I'm sure I have checked only seven exponents so is there a problem with the servers information? -- From: Roger Vives Miret [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Fri, 12 Feb 1999 09:11:37 +0100 Subject: RE: Mersenne: loosing exponents... -Mensaje original- De: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Enviado el: viernes 12 de febrero de 1999 00:43 Para: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Asunto: Mersenne: (no subject) The last time I sent results in my total exponents tested was 7 and Cpu years were 1.670. Since then my account has been updated to 8 exponents and 1.929 years. This happened after the new server went on line. I'm sure I have checked only seven exponents so is there a problem with the servers information? Yeah! I've also have had some problems, but I've lost one exponent. God knows who was the lucky to have it assigned and if I will be capable of having it again! Roger -- From: "david campeau" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Fri, 12 Feb 1999 06:18:01 PST Subject: Mersenne: Prize This is what's on the main Primenet page now: Serious research. Totally for fun. Join a search of mathematical discovery and become a part of Internet history. The ONLY mention of the contest is at the bottom of the page, What should we make of this? 1) it's a glitch. 2) there is no more prize. 3) somebody as won the previous prize !!! David Campeau, __ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com -- From: "Scott Kurowski" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sat, 13 Feb 1999 02:35:41 -0800 Subject: Mersenne: Link from Knuth's Home Page Has anyone seen the first link on Stanford Prof. Knuth's home page Recent News? http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/news.html scott -- From: Jud McCranie [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sat, 13 Feb 1999 09:59:53 -0500 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Link from Knuth's Home Page At 02:35 AM 2/13/99 -0800, Scott Kurowski wrote: Has anyone seen the first link on Stanford Prof. Knuth's home page Recent News? I noticed recently that volume 4 is scheduled for publication 4/4/4. (Actually volume 4A). ++ | Jud McCranie [EMAIL PROTECTED] | || | 127*2^96744+1 is prime! (29,125 digits, Oct 20, 1998) | ++ -- From: Petri Holopainen [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sun, 14 Feb 1999 09:38:53 +0100 Subject: Mersenne: Disk crash Hello all, This is a truly sad day for me, my second hard disk with Prime95, Linux etc died on me. I usually take a mini-backup on a ZIP-disk, but to my horror I discovered that I had forgotten to change the path names in my backup routine, so the last Prime95 backup was from July 1998 OK, there went 46.5 days worth of LL testing on exponent 6652097, I had only 4 days to go Arrghhh Now to my question: how do I restart from here. I have downloaded Prime95 again, but how do I release my current exponent (I'm running Prime95 on two machines) without quitting the other machine too? I'd like to get restarted as fast as possible... *sigh* - -- Petri H. -- From: Brian Schroeder [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sun, 14 Feb 1999 12:09:36 -0500 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Disk crash Try adding the line Test=6652097,62 to the worktodo.ini file. This should make Prime95 begin testing that exponent. or, If you want to remove that exponent from your account, allow Prime95 to contact the server and assign exponents. Quit Prime95, then add that Test line to worktodo.ini. This will cause your expected time to go over the number of days of work requested, and the program will unreserve the exponent when you next run it. At 09:38 2/14/99 +0100, you wrote: Hello all, This is a truly sad day for me, my second hard disk with Prime95, Linux etc died on me. I usually take a mini-backup on a ZIP-disk, but to my horror I discovered that I had forgotten to change the path names in my backup routine, so the last Prime95 backup was from July 1998 OK, there went 46.5 days worth of LL testing on exponent 6652097, I had only 4 days to go Arrghhh Now to my question: how do I restart from here. I have downloaded Prime95 again, but how do I release my current exponent (I'm running Prime95 on two machines) without
Mersenne Digest V1 #508
Mersenne Digest Thursday, 11 February 1999 Volume 01 : Number 508 -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 09:20:54 -0600 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Laptop use... - --0__=sieL4lSd2XXbg6QgVqMi8DmbO2TBjND8we9H11T1WN0V5oJywEzIcVcv Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII I have no problems with running prime95 on my laptops a Toshiba Satellite and a Texas Instruments Travelmate (P100 and P150). I think you just got some bad system boards (Dell computers normally work great). From: sean @ slip.net on 02/07/99 12:34 AM PST To: mersenne @ base.com cc:(bcc: James Escamilla/TXN) Subject: Re: Mersenne: Laptop use... - --0__=sieL4lSd2XXbg6QgVqMi8DmbO2TBjND8we9H11T1WN0V5oJywEzIcVcv-- -- From: Spike Jones [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1999 15:31:33 -0800 Subject: Mersenne: Re: Mersenne Digest V1 #506 is the raw data available that went into the chart near the bottom of http://entropia.com/ips/stats.html ? i wish to do some fourier transforms on that data, in the form of date vs daily gimps cpu yrs/day. there may be some wonderful insights yet undiscovered in this data. thanks! spike -- End of Mersenne Digest V1 #508 **
Mersenne Digest V1 #507
Mersenne Digest Tuesday, 9 February 1999 Volume 01 : Number 507 -- From: "Sean Matheis" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sun, 7 Feb 1999 00:34:32 -0800 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Laptop use... FontFamilyparamTimes New Roman/parambiggerI cannot recomment running prime95 on a laptop, only if because you're going to be running your CPU at 100%. I've had the unfortunate chance to burn to system boards by this. I've got a Dell Inspiron 3000 (p266MMX) which generates a TON of heat to begin with, and the CPU is right above the sound chip, so my system may just be poorly designed. On 6 Feb 99, at 15:49, Ryo-ohki observed Clayton Smith saying: smallerJust a quick question:biggersmallerDoes running Prime95 have any noticable effect on laptop battery life?biggersmaller- Clayton Smithbigger -- From: Bryan Fullerton [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sun, 7 Feb 1999 10:39:47 -0500 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Laptop use... I've had no problems running my HP Omnibook 3000 (p233mmx) 24/7 with the client under Win95 Linux for several months. I haven't done any scientific tests about battery usage, though, so I can't address the original poster's question. Bryan On Sun, Feb 07, 1999 at 12:34:32AM -0800, Sean Matheis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I cannot recomment running prime95 on a laptop, only if because you're going to be running your CPU at 100%. I've had the unfortunate chance to burn to system boards by this. I've got a Dell Inspiron 3000 (p266MMX) which generates a TON of heat to begin with, and the CPU is right above the sound chip, so my system may just be poorly designed. On 6 Feb 99, at 15:49, Ryo-ohki observed Clayton Smith saying: Just a quick question:Does running Prime95 have any noticable effect on laptop battery life?- Clayton Smith - -- Bryan Fullertonhttp://www.samurai.com/ Owner, Lead Consultant http://www.feh.net/ Samurai Consulting http://www.icomm.ca/ "No, we don't do seppuku." Can you feel the Ohmu call? -- From: "Brian J Beesley" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Mon, 8 Feb 1999 10:10:42 GMT Subject: Re: Mersenne: Laptop use... I've had no problems running my HP Omnibook 3000 (p233mmx) 24/7 with the client under Win95 Linux for several months. I also have had no problems at all running Prime95 over Win95 on two laptops, a Toshiba Satellite 200 CDT and a Siemens-Nixdorf Scenic Mobile 300. (Both Intel Pentium P5/100 MHz). It probably does no long-term good for any battery to be on charge continuously - certainly NiCd and, to a lesser extent, NiMH types will apparently have a low charge if they have been on trickle charge for ages - you need to *use* the batteries to keep them up to scratch - but nevertheless they still have a finite life. If you are running Prime95 on a laptop with external power for long periods, it is probably wise to remove the battery. Especially if the laptop has an external power adapter. I've got a Dell Inspiron 3000 (p266MMX) which generates a TON of heat to begin with, and the CPU is right above the sound chip, so my system may just be poorly designed. Yup, I'd say so. Regards Brian Beesley -- From: ric [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Mon, 08 Feb 1999 13:06:01 +0100 Subject: Mersenne: Updating user preferences on Primenet server Hi, all I surely appreciate the new look and all additional information on Primenet's progress pages and on personal reports. Thus, I found a bit strange that a longtime preference of mines "receive e-mail" was set to "NO". So, I went to manual test page and tried tho update account information by myself. Unfortunately, no way how I change the buttons on receiving e-mail notification, my personal report keeps saying "NO". Does any other on the list face this weird thing? TIA and happy hunting to everyone ric -- From: Henrik Olsen [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 01:23:41 +0100 (CET) Subject: Re: Mersenne: Updating user preferences on Primenet server On Mon, 8 Feb 1999, ric wrote: Thus, I found a bit strange that a longtime preference of mines "receive e-mail" was set to "NO". So, I went to manual test page and tried tho update account information by myself. Does any other on the list face this weird thing? I already sent a mail to Scott telling about it, so I expect it to get fixed Real Soon Now(TM), You should have seen the page just after the update, the "To Go" times where negated. :) Anyway other changes include sortihg the entries by the date updated instead of by exponent, as well as removing the indication of the type of assignment, two things I wonder about the reason for. - -- Henrik Olsen, Dawn Solutions I/S URL=http://www.iaeste.dk/~henrik/ Get the rest there. -- From: "Terry S. Arnold" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date:
Mersenne Digest V1 #506
Mersenne Digest Sunday, 7 February 1999 Volume 01 : Number 506 -- From: "Brian J Beesley" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1999 10:07:25 GMT Subject: Re: Mersenne: PrimeNet productivity Sander Hoogendoorn [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: This page also shows that the number of inactive accounts is raising harder then the active accounts. I'm not totally surprised at this. So long as the number of active accounts keeps rising, we aren't in trouble. Especially as the average power of computers keeps rising. Probably most of the "drop outs" are people who have a single PC which is now getting older so less able to cope with the longer assignments which are now the order of the day. Since the last newsletter was from may 22 (or did i miss one?) it might be a good idea for a new one to wake all these people because not all people who are testing are members of this mailing list Are you volunteering to write one? Good point, actually. If a significant number of users have dropped out because assignments now take so much longer, perhaps they should be made aware of the relatively new "double checking" project. My guess is that the accounts which have recently become "inactive" are the people who were giving up just before V17 became available. Could I suggest that we mail (just once) all the inactive accounts with an announcement of V17, and the consequent release of relatively small exponents for double-checking. PrimeNet should have the e-mail addresses of these people. If we could attract 10% of these people back into the project, it would be worthwhile. Regards Brian Beesley -- From: "mdennis" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 4 Feb 99 07:08:13 EDT Subject: Mersenne: automated response I am away and will return February 6. Mike Dennis -- From: "Scott Kurowski" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1999 04:10:55 -0800 Subject: Mersenne: RE: etc. PrimeNet productivity Hi all, There are 3 SunOS workstations in this office that sit doing little more than reading and displaying files - so they can be kept busy testing for primes. You can always try to compile mprime on these. The network code might need platform-specific tweaking but the guts of the primality testing stuff ought to be portable C. MPrime's Intel assembly code will be tough to build on a Sun. Michiel Van Loon's PrimeOS2 implementation of PrimeNet's network layer might be more portable. Today, Primenet status page contains: (cut) 50.314 years/day !!! It seems that a massive number of new members have sent results. Interpretation of the CPU rate figures is dependent upon the date stamps below the subheadings and at the top of the summary report. In the example 50+ years accumulated over 32 hours instead of the usual 24 hours. 37.8 years/day was the interesting figure, not far from the week average of 38. [Gary:] This appears to be a glitch in the program. The "CPU years" cannot be greater than the "CPU yr/day". Actually, operator intervention. As Gary later pointed out, the time stamps and daily cumulative count can on occasion skip a day but the CPU rates remain normalized. In this particular case, the server was offline at 06:00 UTC/GMT (22:00 Pacific) for a snapshot test copy of its database for the new 4.0 server's final tests. It caused the server to miss its daily self-maintenance pass that updates the stats. (The daily CPU rate also varies cyclically throughout the day and week. To see a graph of the daily cycle, see http://entropia.com/ips/stats.html for an analysis of PrimeNet's first 7 months. The 7-day average CPU yr/day and GFLOP/s rates smooth out the daily spikes and dips, and is what Entropia.com pays most attention to.) The current stats show an additional CPU yr/day is coming in now relative to a few days ago: *** Aggregate CPU Statistics, P90 Units *** Last 7 Days Average Cumulative Today from 99-Jan-28 06h from 99-Feb-04 06h Test Type CPU yr/dayGFLOP/sCPU yearsCPU yr/day - -- -- ---- Lucas-Lehmer 37.489 451.287 8.58641.510 Factoring 1.457 17.536 0.255 1.235 -- -- ---- TOTALS 38.946 468.823 8.84242.745 This page also shows that the number of inactive accounts is raising harder then the active accounts. Since the last newsletter was from may 22 (or did i miss one?) it might be a good idea for a new one to wake all these people because not all people who are testing are members of this mailing list The inactive accounts figure is not as meaningful as originally conceived. We removed it from the 4.0 server's status page, which if you don't mind ignoring
Mersenne Digest V1 #503
Mersenne Digest Sunday, 31 January 1999 Volume 01 : Number 503
--
From: Leu Enterprises Unlimited [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1999 15:42:37 -0800 (PST)
Subject: RE: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics
Ditto on Aaron's excellent comments. I've added some of my own.
From: "Aaron Blosser" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 14:33:52 -0600
Subject: RE: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics
...
2) I don't think heat is the problem. The problems start within 5-10
seconds of starting prime and stop as soon as prime is halted.
Then we can say it's related with some certainty.
I've actually measured the heat put off by mprime. The above observations
are completely consistant with how the CPU heats up.
3) The on-board ATI graphics chip is about 2 cm away from the Slot1,
directly underneath the CPU's big heat sink.
That's *way* too close, I would think.
Good lord, yes. For most cards, they might be OK. But don't forget that
some video cards can put off a good deal of heat themselves.
...
One good test would be to use any other program that uses the FPU alot and
see if the flicker shows up. Can anyone think of another program that
would? I suppose any benchmark that tests FLOPS should do the trick.
Another good test would be memtest86. I've put a copy of it up on
supercomputer.org's download section, for both Windows and Linux users.
It will generate about 2C more heat than mprime/prime95 running the
torture test. And this doesn't use the FPU.
To get the maximum amount of heat, use memtest86 in cache mode.
-dwight-
===
To learn how to build a supercomputer for under $10,000 visit
www.supercomputer.org
===
--
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1999 17:20:06 -0800 (PST)
Subject: Re: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics
2) I don't think heat is the problem. The problems start within 5-10
seconds of starting prime and stop as soon as prime is halted.
I never said anything about heat. I said electromagnetic radiation. It
emenates (sp?) from anything that is electrical. The more electricity,
themore emenations. It works the same way as a radio transmitter, and
unfortunately your graphics card appears to be the receiver so to speak...
3) The on-board ATI graphics chip is about 2 cm away from the Slot1,
directly underneath the CPU's big heat sink.
Hmmm, sounds pretty suspicious to me. I would move it down a slot or
two...
4) The distributed.net client does not cause this behavior. My
understanding is that it does not use either FPU or cache.
Huh? If you are LL testing you are using FPU and cache. I'm almost as sure
that applies if you are factoring as well.
--
~~~
: WWW: http://www.silverlink.net/poke : Boycott Microsot:
: E-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] : http://www.vcnet.com/bms:
~~~
--
From: "John R Pierce" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1999 20:33:51 -0800
Subject: Re: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics
3) The on-board ATI graphics chip is about 2 cm away from the Slot1,
directly underneath the CPU's big heat sink.
Hmmm, sounds pretty suspicious to me. I would move it down a slot or
two...
"ON-BOARD" ATI graphics. its a all-in-one motherboard. can't move it.
re: emf radiation, I heavily doubt that a CPU could radiate any significant
EMF thru a heatsink, which after all is a large mass of aluminum, presumably
grounded.
I'd be more likely to suspect power transients coming through the +5VDC.
4) The distributed.net client does not cause this behavior. My
understanding is that it does not use either FPU or cache.
Huh? If you are LL testing you are using FPU and cache. I'm almost as sure
that applies if you are factoring as well.
he meant the distributed.net client does not use FPU or cache. In fact, it
does use some cache, but not nearly as heavily as the LL tests do. The
distributed.net client is that RC-5 encryption thing, its all integer math.
- -jrp
--
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Sat, 30 Jan 1999 00:14:42 -0600 (CST)
Subject: Mersenne: Factoring Fermat Numbers
Several months ago I downloaded fermat.exe from the Mersenne.org site
("zip file" at http://www.mersenne.org/fermat.htm). This program attempts
to find factors of Fermat numbers (F16 to F20) using ECM factoring.
I have run it occasionally, and it seems to work. (I have found some of
the known factors, but no new ones yet.)
More recently, I downloaded the source code from Perfectly Scientific
Inc (link is on the same page as above). I have compiled the source code
Mersenne Digest V1 #502
Mersenne Digest Friday, 29 January 1999 Volume 01 : Number 502 -- From: "Brian J Beesley" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 11:45:12 GMT Subject: Re: Mersenne: Meganet's alleged fast primality prover The Mathtrek article in Science News 16-Jan-1999 is interesting, I wonder if there is any connection? See http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc99/1_16_99/mathland.htm Regards Brian Beesley -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 08:41:25 -0800 (PST) Subject: Re: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics I think we talked about this a while ago, but it manifested itself in noisy RAM (or was it cache chips???). The conclusion was that it was the extensive heat/EMF given off by a very active processor. Perhaps ATI video cards are more susceptible to interference. Try moving your video card a slot or two away from the CPU. On Wed, 27 Jan 1999, Paul Victor Novarese wrote: Has anyone experienced probelems with ATI graphics cards? I've been running prime95 on some evaluation machines here and the display gets fuzzy when prime is running. -- PGP Fingerprint 413D 8BEE 88B3 087B 630D 30A4 951A A435 3D01 AFF4 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- ~~~ : WWW: http://www.silverlink.net/poke : Boycott Microsot: : E-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] : http://www.vcnet.com/bms: ~~~ -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 10:48:18 -0600 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics I have the same problem with a 400MHz PII Compaq, I think it has a ATI graphics card. James Escamilla From: novarese @ job.cba.ua.edu on 01/27/99 04:11 PM To: mersenne @ base.com cc:(bcc: James Escamilla/TXN) Subject: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics Has anyone experienced probelems with ATI graphics cards? I've been running prime95 on some evaluation machines here and the display gets fuzzy when prime is running. - -- PGP Fingerprint 413D 8BEE 88B3 087B 630D 30A4 951A A435 3D01 AFF4 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- From: Paul Victor Novarese [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 10:55:39 -0600 (CST) Subject: Re: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics On Thu, 28 Jan 1999 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think we talked about this a while ago, but it manifested itself in noisy RAM (or was it cache chips???). The conclusion was that it was the extensive heat/EMF given off by a very active processor. Perhaps ATI video cards are more susceptible to interference. Try moving your video card a slot or two away from the CPU. Could someone explain this "noisy" cache/RAM? That sounds like it may be the problem. More facts for you detectives out there: 1) This is a Dell Optiplex. All three models (slimline, desktop, midtower) exhibit this behavior. 2) I don't think heat is the problem. The problems start within 5-10 seconds of starting prime and stop as soon as prime is halted. 3) The on-board ATI graphics chip is about 2 cm away from the Slot1, directly underneath the CPU's big heat sink. 4) The distributed.net client does not cause this behavior. My understanding is that it does not use either FPU or cache. - -- PGP Fingerprint 413D 8BEE 88B3 087B 630D 30A4 951A A435 3D01 AFF4 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- From: Andrew Isaacson [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 14:23:58 -0500 Subject: Re: Mersenne: Problems with ATI graphics On Thu, Jan 28, 1999 at 10:55:39AM -0600, Paul Victor Novarese wrote: Could someone explain this "noisy" cache/RAM? That sounds like it may be the problem. As I recall, someone reported a similar symptom to what you're reporting: i.e. a "noisy" video signal. One possible cause that was advanced on the mailing list was that Mersenne's heavy usage of the FPU or cache might be generating enough interference to cause the problem. More facts for you detectives out there: 1) This is a Dell Optiplex. All three models (slimline, desktop, midtower) exhibit this behavior. They probably all share the same motherboard design. 4) The distributed.net client does not cause this behavior. My understanding is that it does not use either FPU or cache. That's certainly not true. Distributed.net's program _does_ use memory (and hence, the cache). It may use it _less_ than mersenne, but less is not "does not use". That difference could conceivably be enough to cause the behavior you're seeing. Depending on which core you're using, Distributed.net might use MMX (which use the FPU registers, but perhaps not the FPU itself) or solely integer instructions. Do you see the
Mersenne Digest V1 #501
Mersenne Digest Thursday, 28 January 1999 Volume 01 : Number 501
--
From: "Ernst W. Mayer" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1999 14:10:27 -0500
Subject: Mersenne: Meganet's alleged fast primality prover
Some folks at an outfit called Meganet Corporation claim to have
developed a rigorous primality prover that runs as fast a pseudoprime test.
See their ballyhooing at http://www.meganet.com/primality.htm.
An excerpt:
MAJOR WORLDWIDE MATHEMATICAL
BREAKTHROUGH MEGANET CORPORATION
DEVELOPED FAST 100% DETERMINISTIC PRIME
NUMBER TESTING. IT IS THE ONLY
DETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM IN THE WORLD
TO WORK IN POLYNOMIAL TIME.
Meganet Corporation have announced the result of 13
years of Research Development in the prime number
testing area the world's first and only POLYNOMIAL
TIME, 100% DETERMINISTIC PRIMALITY
TESTING. It is NOT a probabilistic test like the other
algorithms in the market, but 100% deterministic. The
algorithm is in POLYNOMIAL TIME, therefore much
faster than even the probabilistic algorithms. Meganet
Corporation have implemented the algorithm in an
ANSI C application running on a single CPU 450 MHz
PC Computer. Some sample results:
1,000 bits primality test {timing obscured}
{snip}
7,000 bits primality test 1:01min
10,000 bits primality test 1:58min
Those results are unheard of. The 1,000 bits test on a
Sparc II workstation takes 5 Minutes and it is still only
PROBABALISTIC. The gap in time is much greater for
larger bit sizes.
The major breakthrough is solving a 400 year old
mathematical problem how to positively identify a
prime number without spending exponential time in
dividing the number by all the primes up to its root. The
solution Meganet Corporation have developed is based
on a newly designed Mathematical Sequence called the
T-Sequence. Once a number is transformed to the
T-Sequence, its quadratic residue has definitive
characteristics if it's a prime number that can be easily
determined in polynomial time by performing a binary
decomposition.
Meganet Corporation would like to emphasize that there
is a 100% mathematical proof behind their T-Sequence,
and further, it is a complete working product tested
successfully on over 1.3 million numbers without a single
mistake.
Of course they won't give out any details about the maths behind the method,
assuring us that a licensed practical mathematician is evaluating their claims,
which seems to fall a tad short of normal peer review. As Paul Jobling noted
in a posting to Chris Caldwell's Primes-List:
I sent a mail to Meganet regarding their primality proving claims and
received the following reply:
Hi,The Meganet Primality Test is currently being evaluated by a reputable
mathematician - when he'll finish his evaluation and endorse it (in about 2
weeks) we'll make it public.
We'll notify you by email and publish it on the web site.
Thank you for your interest in Meganet.
To which Mark Coffey replied:
Three things about this statement by Meganet strike me as intersting:
1) They did not see fit to name the "reputable mathematician"
2) They already know that he will finish testing in two weeks
3) They already know that he will endorse the test
Oh and I guess a fourth would be the horrendous grammar in their reply.
I also note that near the bottom of the page, they make a statement that
seems to indicate theirs is in fact a probable-prime test (issues of
grammar aside):
Meganet Corporation is seeking for companies
interested in this algorithm which generates large
industrial grade prime numbers at record speeds, and
would be glad to demonstrate the technology to any
interested party on request.
Does anyone know more about the "400-year-old problem" they mention,
which would allow us to better judge the likelihood that their method
is rigorous? (I have my doubts.)
- -Ernst
--
From: Jefferson M Wolski [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1999 14:23:18 -0800
Subject: Mersenne: SuperComputer
Someone had posted info on building a supercomputer for under $10,000.
Could someone send that to me again please.
Thanks
Jeff Wolski
--
From: "Aaron Blosser" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date:
Mersenne Digest V1 #500
Mersenne Digest Tuesday, 26 January 1999 Volume 01 : Number 500 -- From: "Brian J Beesley" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1999 09:47:56 GMT Subject: Mersenne: FTP mirror site problem Apologies to anyone trying to use my FTP mirror site (193.61.169.254) between 2121 GMT yesterday and 0930 GMT today. The server crashed with an ethernet hardware problem. Seems to be OK now. Regards Brian Beesley -- End of Mersenne Digest V1 #500 **
Mersenne Digest V1 #498
Mersenne Digest Tuesday, 19 January 1999 Volume 01 : Number 498
--
From: Leu Enterprises Unlimited [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Sat, 16 Jan 1999 23:52:26 -0800 (PST)
Subject: Re: Mersenne: mprime for QA or performance?
From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fri Jan 15 19:39:41 1999
Hi,
Greetings! My sincerest thanks for clarifying this issue.
I have some comments and questions.
I'd be surprised if burning in had an effect on iteration times.
I'm keeping an open mind here. Now that I know that mprime is
capable of accurately measuring this, and I suspect what the difference
is (see below), I'm going to do a quick observation on 6 CPU's which
I've just gotten in.
I too would be surprised - but the potential benefit is too great
to leave without some investigation.
More likely, 100 iterations is not enough to get a truly accurate
timing.
I haven't noticed much, if any variation, in reported times whether
it be with 100 samples, or 1000. Granted, I haven't done an in-depth
analysis of this; I've just noticed that the variation seems
minimal over a number of 100-unit samples across many time intervals.
I don't know about Linux, but it has been noted before prime95
iteration times can vary a few percent from day to day.
Indeed. I've come to the conclusion that what I'm seeing is clock
oscillator drift. This could explain what I've seen, if the CPU
wasn't warm enough to begin with. And it's consistent with the
above reports - assuming there are no background activity going on.
mprime is great for QA. It generates heat (by FPU use) and tons of
memory accesses. If there are any hardware problems there, they are likely
to show up in an extended torture test.
Though my comments were more focused on the timing issue, on this I
heartily agree! It has been my experience as well.
Actually, I don't think people appreciate mprime enough. As I stated earlier,
using it has identified that a key point of failure on overclocking is
the FPU - and not the L2 cache (as many have thought).
Regarding heat - hmm. Here, you have to be careful. Generally this is
true. While mprime does take second place to memtest86, this is due
to the fact that mprime requires an O.S. (and hence you have other
distractions going on - like interrupts, etc.).
I've measured the difference in temp. to be around 2 C (this does depend
on your fansink, though).
But, there is one reported exception - win98. It's been reported (and
I haven't verified), that prime95 generates significantly less heat when
it's run on win98 than with other O.S.'s.
I have no idea why, and can only speculate.
and/or performance measurements,
I'd guess its as good as but no better than any of hundreds
of publicly available benchmarks.
A fair statement, as performance and the application should be considered
together.
What I was wondering specifically is how one can determine the Mflops
rating of a given system via mprime? I know how to measure it with various
benchmarks, and was curious how mprime could be used.
Pardon me if this is a FAQ; I haven't seen this described anywhere.
If someone could either point me to a reference, or give an explanation,
I would be greatly appreciative. Thanks in advance!
Best regards,
-dwight-
===
To learn how to build your own supercomputer,
for under $10,000, go to www.supercomputer.org
===
--
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Sun, 17 Jan 1999 16:10:47 +0100 (MET)
Subject: Re: Mersenne: Basic question: Working modulo 2^n-1
Hi,
In solidarity with all the thousands of people looking for the same Mersenne numbers,
I had a look at my Masters, where I was developing Mersenne like tests. I see that for
instance for numbers J(m,n) = 2^m * 3^n - 1 ( I call them Jacobi nunmbers, since proofs
use Jacobi reciprocity), there are criteria simple as Mersenne. Here is one of them:
Let (m,n) denote the pair of remainders ( m mod 3, n mod 6). For (m,n) \in
\{ (0,1), (1,5), (2,3), (0,5), (1,3), (2,1) \} the Lucas sequence L(5,7) is such that
the zeroes of the generating polynomial x^2 - 5 * x + 7 generate
F^2_{J(m,n)}* / F*_{J(m,n)}, i.e. they have order J(m,n)+1, is J(m,n) is prime.
One has thus the following test:
1. Let r_0 = u_{2^m}, and q_0 = u_{2^{m-1}} mod J(m.n)
(the L(5,7) u sequence), easy with the Lucas doubling theorem.
2. Let f_3(u_n) = u_n*( (P-4Q)u_n^2 + 3Q^n) ( = u_{3n} ) be the trippling rule for
the Lucas sequence L(P,Q) and
r_{s+1} = f_3(r_s), q_{s+1} = f_3(q_s} mod J(m,n).
D(m,n) is prime iff r_n = 0 and q_t \neq 0 \forall t = n.
Another way to put it is:
v_{2^{m-2}3^n} \neq 0 and v_{2^{m-1}3^{n-1} \neq 0 but
v_{2^{m-1}3^n} = 0.
There are many similar exact tests that can be derived and they may offer
highly larger chances for finding the
Mersenne Digest V1 #497
Mersenne Digest Sunday, 17 January 1999 Volume 01 : Number 497 -- From: "Ernst W. Mayer" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 14 Jan 1999 16:26:13 -0500 Subject: Mersenne: Free 128-bit encryption software Check out http://cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/14/gercrypt.idg/index.html -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 14 Jan 1999 13:25:44 -0800 (PST) Subject: Re: Mersenne: mprime for QA or performance? Some things are known to happen; and I have observed them myself. First, the amount of voltage required to work at a given speed decreases. Secondly, the odds of the chip working at a higher speed increases. To me at least, the first part is obvious. As temperature goes up, so does resistance. The higher resistance requires a greater potential difference to send an adequeate(sp?) amount of current throught the processor. Without cooling, I would imagine the chip would eventually melt down. With cooling, I would imagine the voltage peaks out in some sort of gaussian curve. Which beings to mind, would the potential difference delta be a good measure of the quality of your cooling? (For the non electrical people, I am using voltage and "potential difference" interchangeably, they are the same thing but potential difference says it better IMHO) Which brings to mind a theory about the second part, "speed increase". Too much heat will damage a processor. However I wonder if there is a relationship between some sort of particle drift (electron???) and resistance that "breaks in" or "burns in" a new processor? Much like the performance on a new engine after it has been carefully broken in after the first 1,000 miles... This much is common knowledge. No one has satisfactorily explained these results, though many theories abound. Case in point... There are also rumors that the higher-quality chip cores, which get put into the C333A/366/400 and Pentium II's are measureably faster. These rumors have not been confirmed to my knowledge. Tighter packed transistors = less ability to dissipate heat = more resistance... It would be difficult to classify unexplored territory as "common knowledge". Perhaps it's common knowledge to some; it's just not mentioned in the more popular websites or forums. Almost everything that I have learned beyond 1st grade was by assuming that it was common knowledge. "If someone else understands it, I should be capable of understanding it too!"... ~~~ : WWW: http://www.silverlink.net/poke : Boycott Microsot: : E-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] : http://www.vcnet.com/bms: ~~~ -- From: "Leslie Burrow" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 14 Jan 1999 22:40:56 - Subject: Re: Mersenne: More Xeon results - -Original Message- From: Aaron Blosser [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 12 January 1999 22:49 Subject: Mersenne: More Xeon results This time, a single processor Compaq Proliant 5500 with a 400MHz Xeon and 512MB RAM. I tested M11213 per Brian Beesley's suggestion. Prime95 showed it at .028 seconds per iteration, and I did a pretty decent job timing it. It finished and found it prime in approx. 446 seconds (00:07:26). Just tried this on my Celeron (300)450A :- 0.039sec/iteration 7min 23secs total time. slightly better price/performance ratio :-) Les Burrow -- From: Leu Enterprises Unlimited [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu, 14 Jan 1999 16:49:15 -0800 (PST) Subject: Re: Mersenne: mprime for QA or performance? From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Thu Jan 14 13:25:19 1999 To: Leu Enterprises Unlimited [EMAIL PROTECTED] cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Mersenne: mprime for QA or performance? Some things are known to happen; and I have observed them myself. First, the amount of voltage required to work at a given speed decreases. Secondly, the odds of the chip working at a higher speed increases. To me at least, the first part is obvious. As temperature goes up, so does resistance. The higher resistance requires a greater potential difference to send an adequeate(sp?) amount of current throught the processor. Without cooling, I would imagine the chip would eventually melt down. With cooling, I would imagine the voltage peaks out in some sort of gaussian curve. Which beings to mind, would the potential difference delta be a good measure of the quality of your cooling? That's not been my experience. You can put on superb cooling, and crank the voltage up all you want. It won't help a bad chip. You will only fry the chip. Don't forget that the CPU parts are spec'd at 2.5V; with a typical tolerance of +/- 20 %. Running a C300A at 3.0+ V for long is likely to cause great disappointment. Furthermore,
