Re: [ns] 1. bug in the NIST addon (+fix) (naouar yaagoubi)
I appreciate your answer and clarification as I haven't thought about this
point!
I would also like to seize this opportunity to ask you for more
documentation about your MIH code (kind of triggers used, when the commands
are generated...), it is a very interesting piece of work!
Thank you!
On Mon, Jun 22, 2009 at 10:03 AM, Richard Rouil richard.ro...@nist.govwrote:
While there is indeed an error in the condition, the effect should not
impact the results of the simulation.
The method getAffectedNodes is used to collect all the nodes that should
receive a packet within a given radius. This is to optimize the simulation
so that not all the nodes in the simulation process all the packets.
Because
of the error in the code, the nodes that have tmp-Y ymax will also be
added to the list of affected nodes. However, when they receive the packet,
the signal strength will be very low and the packet will be discarded (as
it
is intended since they were not supposed to see the packet), so the bug
won't affect the network performance.
The result of the bug will be a longer simulation time as it will generate
more events and copies of the packets.
The code will be changed and further validations will also be done.
Regards,
Richard.
-Original Message-
From: ns-users-boun...@isi.edu [mailto:ns-users-boun...@isi.edu] On Behalf
Of Imad Abdeljaouad
Sent: Friday, June 19, 2009 7:59 PM
To: ns-users@ISI.EDU
Subject: Re: [ns] 1. bug in the NIST addon (+fix) (naouar yaagoubi)
Thank you, indeed you are right and that's a serious bug that would
certainly lead to very bad and unexpected results!!!
I hope the NIST will update their code in their release!!!
Message: 1
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 20:00:51 -0400
From: naouar yaagoubi naou...@gmail.com
Subject: [ns] bug in the NIST addon (+fix)
To: ns-users@ISI.EDU
Message-ID:
37d2f4200906181700w3d817e47j7a156bbe06c56...@mail.gmail.com
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
hi all,
I have discovered a bug in the nist addon in the channel.cc file:
this piece of code compute the affected nodes in the range of the sending
node so that the channel object will send the packet to their NetIf
for(tmp = xListHead_; tmp != NULL; tmp = tmp-nextX_) {
if(tmp-Y() = ymin tmp-Y() = ymax tmp-X() = xmin
tmp-Y() = ymax)
tmpList[n++] = tmp;
}
As you can see the tmp-Y() = ymax is repeated twice in the If
statement.
To correct this issue just change one of the tmp-Y() = ymax to tmp-X()
=
xmax
best regards
--
best regards,
Imad Abdeljaouad
--
best regards,
Imad Abdeljaouad
Re: [ns] Can NS-2 be used to transmit real video sequences? (galaxy-huang)
google Evalvid there is a link in the website about video and ns2! 3. Can NS-2 be used to transmit real video sequences? (galaxy-huang) Message: 3 Date: Mon, 4 May 2009 10:25:44 +0800 (CST) From: galaxy-huang galaxy-hu...@163.com Subject: [ns] Can NS-2 be used to transmit real video sequences? To: ns-users ns-users@ISI.EDU Message-ID: 25628181.351191241403944698.javamail.corem...@bj163app121.163.com Content-Type: text/plain; charset=gbk hi everyone Recently,i am reading one book about streaming over the wireless network,today i come across such a sentence:as well as using real video sequences and transmitting them using an NS-2 simulator-based implementation of the 802.11a/b/g MAC standard. My question is:can NS-2 be used to transmit real video sequences and ,if can, how to achieve this purpose?Could someone tells me about this and recommends me some book or website to refer to? Thanks in advance! Guisong Huang
[ns] 802.21 802.16 MIH Implementation
Does anyone know or is working on an implementation of 802.21 amp; 802.16 for ns-2.33. I am aware of the nist patch but I am looking for something for ns-2.33. -- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad
Re: [ns] collisions in 802.11 or interference
Hi all, Exactly, I know it is implemented according to the standard. I wanted to add interference and I didn't see any other way to add it other than in the MAC (where packets are received and destination address is checked). By saying collision, I mean that two packets arrive at the receiver at the same time. They don't have to belong to the same channel (which am willing to add multi-channel support) in which case it will be interference. If they belong to the same channel and are destined to the same receiver, then it will be a collision. If you have a better idea to tackle interference, please advise me!!! Thank you all for your help! I appreciate it! regards, On Sun, Nov 16, 2008 at 10:20 AM, Basim Javed [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hello all I think Imad wants to infer that a collision has occurred when his receiver gets two/more packets which overlap in time; hence collision is supposed to have happened. The point is how to detect the bits which are overlapped in time...the signals may be less than the threshold value of PHY, or even strong enough so that info is passed to the MAC. regards basim On Sat, Nov 15, 2008 at 10:58 AM, Waleed Tuffaha [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote: Hello Imad The 802.11 Standard uses CSMA/CA ( Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance ). It does not use collision detection. And 802.11.ccshould be coded according to the standard, so I guess you won't be able to capture the collided packets inside 802.11.cc. I think you can only capture the packets that did not pass the CRC check. Best regards, -- Waleed Tuffaha Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2008 10:23:05 -0500 From: Imad Abdeljaouad [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [ns] collisions in 802.11 or interference To: Basim Javed [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: ns-users@isi.edu ns-users@ISI.EDU Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Well, my idea was to simulate interference. You are right absolutely right, interference happens in the air so the receiver has no idea about it. But this is in real life. Since there are no signals in ns2, my idea was to calculate interference at the MAC layer which will know what are the packets (signals) that were sent at the same time on the air. So when the MAC receives more than one packet, I want to record these packets somewhere (and this will give me access to where they are coming from and going to, plus their powers), then I will apply a formula that will calculate interference between all these packets (in real life: signals). You are absolutely right, in case of one channel, this will be considered as collision IF the received packets are destined to the same receiver/. But there are two other cases, if the packet is not destined to that receiver, then I think this will be strong interference. Also, if the interfering packet belongs to a different channel (that I am willing to add after I figure out the interference) then this is will be interference depending on the correlation between the channels. Do you see my point? The first step I believe would be to capture all packets that come at the same time while I am receiving another packet. This way I can process them and decide if it is collision or strong or weak interference. I have the formula, all I need are the packets along with their powers and channels they belong to (don't care about the channels now, coz that's coming after). I am still wondering how and where in the 802.11.cc code I can capture all colliding/interfering packets and put them somewhere for processing. cheers, On Thu, Nov 13, 2008 at 5:00 AM, Basim Javed [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hello Imad I can see ur point. Lets talk on the issues one by one: The interference of one packet to an already sent packet creates collision. right? so interference and collisions happen in the air. I dont see why it is important that the packets should be sent to one receiver and they if they interfere, then collision happens. I think even those nodes who are just listening to the channel, know that collision has happened in the air, even they were not recipients of the packet. Now, how does the node knows that a collision has happened.. through the received signal power, which is lower than a threshold level (i forgot the name). As far as I remember, the power level can be so low, that a node can not receive a packet, or it is bit high but still not good enough to decrypt the bits. What I am talking above is related to the situation of same channel (single hop). I think multiple channels are used in neighbouring BSSs. About ur formula: how a receiving node can know about the power of the signal when the packet was sent, in real situation? regards basim On Wed, Nov 12, 2008 at 4:16 PM, Imad Abdeljaouad [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote
Re: [ns] collisions in 802.11 or interference
Well, my idea was to simulate interference. You are right absolutely right, interference happens in the air so the receiver has no idea about it. But this is in real life. Since there are no signals in ns2, my idea was to calculate interference at the MAC layer which will know what are the packets (signals) that were sent at the same time on the air. So when the MAC receives more than one packet, I want to record these packets somewhere (and this will give me access to where they are coming from and going to, plus their powers), then I will apply a formula that will calculate interference between all these packets (in real life: signals). You are absolutely right, in case of one channel, this will be considered as collision IF the received packets are destined to the same receiver/. But there are two other cases, if the packet is not destined to that receiver, then I think this will be strong interference. Also, if the interfering packet belongs to a different channel (that I am willing to add after I figure out the interference) then this is will be interference depending on the correlation between the channels. Do you see my point? The first step I believe would be to capture all packets that come at the same time while I am receiving another packet. This way I can process them and decide if it is collision or strong or weak interference. I have the formula, all I need are the packets along with their powers and channels they belong to (don't care about the channels now, coz that's coming after). I am still wondering how and where in the 802.11.cc code I can capture all colliding/interfering packets and put them somewhere for processing. cheers, On Thu, Nov 13, 2008 at 5:00 AM, Basim Javed [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hello Imad I can see ur point. Lets talk on the issues one by one: The interference of one packet to an already sent packet creates collision. right? so interference and collisions happen in the air. I dont see why it is important that the packets should be sent to one receiver and they if they interfere, then collision happens. I think even those nodes who are just listening to the channel, know that collision has happened in the air, even they were not recipients of the packet. Now, how does the node knows that a collision has happened.. through the received signal power, which is lower than a threshold level (i forgot the name). As far as I remember, the power level can be so low, that a node can not receive a packet, or it is bit high but still not good enough to decrypt the bits. What I am talking above is related to the situation of same channel (single hop). I think multiple channels are used in neighbouring BSSs. About ur formula: how a receiving node can know about the power of the signal when the packet was sent, in real situation? regards basim On Wed, Nov 12, 2008 at 4:16 PM, Imad Abdeljaouad [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote: Thank you so much, I really need help! I would like to add interference support in 802.11. If my understanding is right, interference happens when signals send on the same channel (or adjacent channels, like 1 and 2 or 3 ... to 6) overlap in the medium (the air) and cause attenuations to each other. I think this will not be possible in ns2 since there are no real signals. So I was thinking that what I should do is collect the signals that arrive at the same time at the receiver MAC (and this is where I got collisions) and this means that these signals already overlapped in the air since they got to the receiver MAC at the same time. Do you see my point? Once I know which siganls overlapped, I can use a formula to calculate interference (the fornula uses Power of the signal sent + which channel does it belong to, to calculate the effect of one sigan on another ). So the point is, I need to capture the packet*s* that collide while I am receiving another packet and for how long they collided. I don't know if you get my point, but please do not hesitate to ask me more questions! thank you again !!! On Wed, Nov 12, 2008 at 4:36 AM, Basim Javed [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote: hello Imad I want to help you, but I dont understand your definition of collision and interference. Can you clarify it plz? basim On Wed, Nov 12, 2008 at 2:55 AM, Imad Abdeljaouad [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Helber, Thanks for the prompt response. Actually, I am looking for the code in ns2 (source code) where we can detect collisions. I want to simulate interference, so I need to get the packets that were received at the same time on some node. I know interference happens on the physical layer, but I think it would be much more easier to implement it on the MAC in ns2. So I am actually looking the source code part that says here is another packet being transmitted while receiving another packet ( which is collision if both packets are meant for the same receiver, and interference if both packets belong to the same (or an adjacent
[ns] collisions in 802.11 or interference
Hello there, I am looking for the code where collisions in 802.11 occur so that I know which packet(s) collided and for how long they collided? this is a step in trying to implement interference! thank you! -- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad
Re: [ns] collisions in 802.11 or interference
Hi Helber, Thanks for the prompt response. Actually, I am looking for the code in ns2 (source code) where we can detect collisions. I want to simulate interference, so I need to get the packets that were received at the same time on some node. I know interference happens on the physical layer, but I think it would be much more easier to implement it on the MAC in ns2. So I am actually looking the source code part that says here is another packet being transmitted while receiving another packet ( which is collision if both packets are meant for the same receiver, and interference if both packets belong to the same (or an adjacent) channel. Can you help with that ? cheers, On Tue, Nov 11, 2008 at 8:35 PM, Helber Wagner [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote: Hi, Imad. As far as I understood your question, you should analyze the trace file generated by your simulations. If the MAC trace is enabled in your .tcl file, it will be a row like D ... COL ... indicating the time, the node, the packet and other information about a collision that has been happened. Finally, a simple perl/awk script can retrieve this information from the trace file. You can find more about mac trace in NS2 over the Internet. Good luck. --- Helber Wagner da Silva Federal University of Ceará - Brazil URL: www.great.ufc.br/~helberhws http://www.great.ufc.br/%7Ehelberhws -- *De:* Imad Abdeljaouad [EMAIL PROTECTED] *Para:* ns-users@isi.edu ns-users@ISI.EDU *Enviadas:* Terça-feira, 11 de Novembro de 2008 23:17:46 *Assunto:* [ns] collisions in 802.11 or interference Hello there, I am looking for the code where collisions in 802.11 occur so that I know which packet(s) collided and for how long they collided? this is a step in trying to implement interference! thank you! -- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad -- Novos endereços, o Yahoo! que você conhece. Crie um email novohttp://br.rd.yahoo.com/mail/taglines/mail/*http://br.new.mail.yahoo.com/addressescom a sua cara @ ymail.com ou @rocketmail.com. -- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] 802.11 Multi-interface Multi-channel in ns2.33
Hi ns users, Has anyone tried the multi-interface multi-channel developped by Ramon and Campo on ns2.33 ( http://telecom.inescporto.pt/~rcampos/ucMultiIfacesSupport.pdfhttp://telecom.inescporto.pt/%7Ercampos/ucMultiIfacesSupport.pdf)? Since ns2.33 comes with AP support for 802.11 networks, I am wondering if any other changes are required. I followed the steps in the document but I got some error regarding random-motion. Please if anyone was successful plz notify me, or if anyone can update the document to make it work for ns2.33 that would be great! Thank you in advance, PS. Special thanks to Ramon and Campo for their valuable work ! Imad Abdeljaouad
Re: [ns] How to Add BS in EURANE? (Fauzan Zaini)
Dear Fauzan, I don't know about this but did you try adding a normal BS node like this: $ns node-config -UmtsNodeType bs \ -downlinkBW 32kbs \ -downlinkTTI 10ms \ -uplinkBW 32kbs \ -uplinkTTI 10ms \ -hs_downlinkTTI 2ms \ -hs_downlinkBW 64kbs \ set bs1 [$ns create-Umtsnode] $ns node-config -UmtsNodeType bs \ -downlinkBW 32kbs \ -downlinkTTI 10ms \ -uplinkBW 32kbs \ -uplinkTTI 10ms \ -hs_downlinkTTI 2ms \ -hs_downlinkBW 64kbs \ set bs2 [$ns create-Umtsnode] But before, check the eurane user guide for that possibility. I know that there is support for single cell environment only but I don't know about how many BSs you can put ! Good luck, Message: 1 Date: Thu, 07 Feb 2008 09:30:28 +0700 From: Fauzan Zaini [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: [ns] How to Add BS in EURANE? To: ns-users@ISI.EDU Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; DelSp=Yes; format=flowed Dear All, Is there anybody using EURANE Module actively? I'd like to know how to add more Base Station (BS) in EURANE Module. I would appreciate if you kindly share it with me. Need lot of things to do for my thesis. Thanks a lot for your kind help :) Regards, Fauzan This email was sent by IMP Webmail System Universitas Indonesia - www.ui.edu
[ns] Fwd: NS2 EURANE Evalvid
Hi All,
I have been getting some emails about integrating NS2 , EURANE and Evalvid
(for simulating video streaming over UMTS networks), so I decided to write a
small document and I hope it will be of help. You will also find the sample
TCL script. I strongly recommend reading about EURANE and Evalvid and trying
each one separatly to gain knowledge and make sure they are working by
themselves before joing them together.
You can still send me an email if you need further help but PLEASE make sure
you go over this tutorial and do readings first.
Good luck to all of you,
How to integrate NS2, EURANE and Evalvid, by Imad Abdeljaouad ( abdeljaouad
at gmail dot com )
After installing ns2 (ns2.30) and applying the EURANE patch, proceed with
the following:
Follow the steps in:
http://140.116.72.80/~smallko/ns2/myevalvid2.htmhttp://140.116.72.80/%7Esmallko/ns2/myevalvid2.htm
(The most important step is to include the 'mympeg' directory and recompile
ns2).
After that you can test with the script on the same page to see if evalvid
is working for wired links.
Next open the file mytraffictrace2.cc and comment the following:
if(f_==1){
agent_-set_prio(10);
}else if(f_==2){
agent_-set_prio(11);
}else if(f_==3){
agent_-set_prio(12);
}else {
agent_-set_prio(f_);
}
Then re-compile ns2 and make your TCL file and run it. It should work now.
Commenting these lines change the priority of each packet based on the frame
type it is carrying: I -- priority 1 , P -- 2, B -- 3 but there is a
priority field for each flow in EURANE, so doing this messes up the
priority/flow buffers of EURANE. So you have to assume that packets of same
flow have the same priority.
After creating the video file using the different tools as described in the
previous link, you have to follow steps in that tutorial in order to make
the sender trace. Before that, make sure you open the sender trace and
change entries labeled 'H' by 'I' (You can do that by editing the file and
replacing the letter H by the letter I). Then you can start your simulation
and move to the evaluation process and calculate the different QoS
parameters as well as reconstruct the received video.
I recommend that you use Evalvid on wired links first and make sure it
works. Then use EURANE with some traffic like CBR and make sure it works.
After that, you can try using both of them along.
If the simulation runs successfully but the receiver trace is empty, then
this is a bug in EURANE where packets are not delivered to the destination
application when using UM or UM-hs RLC modes, Follow instructions in this
thread: http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2005-May/049765.html to
solve the problem.
Useful link:
http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/research/evalvid/EvalVid/docevalvid.html
TCL file for 5 users (5 streaming servers streaming to 5 User Equipments):
/*/
set ns [new Simulator]
set f [open out.tr w]
#$ns trace-all $f
proc finish {} {
global ns
global f
#$ns flush-trace
close $f
puts Simulation ended.
exit 0
}
set max_fragmented_size 1024
set packetSize 1052
$ns node-config -UmtsNodeType rnc
# Node address is 0.
set rnc [$ns create-Umtsnode]
$ns node-config -UmtsNodeType bs \
-downlinkBW 32kbs \
-downlinkTTI 10ms \
-uplinkBW 32kbs \
-uplinkTTI 10ms \
-hs_downlinkTTI 2ms \
-hs_downlinkBW 64kbs \
# Node address is 1.
set bs [$ns create-Umtsnode]
# Interface between RNC and BS
$ns setup-Iub $bs $rnc 622Mbit 622Mbit 15ms 15ms DummyDropTail 2000
$ns node-config -UmtsNodeType ue \
-baseStation $bs \
-radioNetworkController $rnc
set ue1 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
set ue2 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
set ue3 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
set ue4 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
set ue5 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
set ue6 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
# Node address for sgsn0 and ggsn0 is 6 and 7, respectively.
set sgsn0 [$ns node]
set ggsn0 [$ns node]
set node1 [$ns node]
set node2 [$ns node]
set node3 [$ns node]
set node4 [$ns node]
set node5 [$ns node]
set node6 [$ns node]
# Connections between fixed network nodes
$ns duplex-link $rnc $sgsn0 622Mbit 0.4ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $sgsn0 $ggsn0 622MBit 10ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $ggsn0 $node1 622MBit 15ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $node1 $node2 100MBit 35ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $node1 $node3 100MBit 35ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $node1 $node4 100MBit 35ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $node1 $node5 100MBit 35ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $node1 $node6 100MBit 35ms DropTail 1000
[ns] which of 802.11a/b/G is implemented in ns2 ?
Hi all, Reading the ns doc, I found out that IEEE 802.11 is implemented. First, I don't which of the three standards a,b and g is implemented? Second, can anyone send a sample tcl file or lines showing how I can connect 802.11Gnodes? Can anyone help please ? thank you in advance, -- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] Matlab Prepocesses HSDPA EURANE NodeB Transmission Power
Hi All, Looking at the Matlab files for generating input trace files for HSDPA ( using EURANE extensions), I see that the NodeB Transmission Power is set to 38dB. Please correct me if am wrong: 1- The NodeB uses its full power to transmit to users (38 dB). 2- The Multiple Access technique is not CDMA or WCDMA but I guess TDMA (since we have schedulers, NodeB transmits to one user per TTI) 3- The input trace files contain SNR values which are Powers received by the UEs. Thank you very much, please help me if you know, your help is so highly appreciated! -- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] Urgent Please Help ! Matlab preprocesses
Hi All, Does anyone know where I can get the specs of (or any information about) the test cases (Vehicular A/B, rayleigh...) implemented in the Matlab processes for generating input trace files for HSDPA ? Thank you in advance, Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] EURANE HSDPA input trace files test cases
Hi All, Does anyone know where I can get the specs of (or any information about) the test cases (Vehicular A/B, rayleigh...) implemented in the Matlab processes for generating input trace files for HSDPA ? Thank you in advance, Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] EURANE and HSDPA Access method (CDMA??)
hello all, I found this on Wikipedia: for a given 2 ms frame, data may be sent to a number of users simultaneously, using different channelisation code. The maximum number of users to receive data on a given 2 ms frame is determined by the number of allocated channelisation codes. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access ). Does EURANE implement this ? If not, what is then the channel access method used ( am sure it is not CDMA ) Thank you in advance, Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] Matlab Prepocesses HSDPA trace files
Hi all, When we generate the trace files for HSDPA, say 5 UEs at 120 km/h and 500m away from the BS, what is the movement of the UEs ? Are they moving away or towards the BS, Or is it in a cricle? Do all UEs have the same movement ( although I see different trace files)? How can we generate trace files for 5 users, 2 pedestrian and 2 vehicular and 1of some other type ? thank you in advance, __ Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] Eurane um.cc uptarget_ ? sendUP(p)
Hi all,
In Eurane, I managed to get packets arrive here:
void UM::makeSDU(Packet * p)
{
hdr_cmn*ch;
hdr_rlc*llh;
assert(p);
ch = HDR_CMN(p);
llh = hdr_rlc::access(p);
ch-ptype() = llh-lptype();
ch-error() = llh-lerror();
ch-timestamp() = llh-lts();
ch-size() = llh-lsize();
uptarget_ ? sendUp(p) : Packet::free(p);
}
I am actually looking for this:uptarget_ ? sendUp(p) : Packet::free(p);
Where do packets go after that ? I know it's up the stack but where exactly
in the code, what is uptarget_ and where is the sendUP() function located (
knowing that I am using UDP ) ??
please help me, I am stuck !!!
Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] UMHS vs. UM in ns2 Eurane
hi all, My simulation is simple, 1 rnc, 1 bs, 4 UEs, Mpeg4 traffic flowing from IP network to the UEs. Why is it that when I am using UMHS RLC mode, packets flow through the rnc on the UMHS (recv() in um-hc.cc) mode whereas they go up the UEs through the UM (recv() in um.cc) mode ??? -- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad
[ns] Fwd: ns2, Eurane and Evalvid
Hi all, I am working with ns2, eurane ( for UMTS) and Evalvid (for MPEG4 transmission). I have set up all the tools and modified the ns2 source code to integrate Eurane and Evalvid. The problem is when I do a simulation of MPEG traffic over HSDPA, it gives an error: std::out of range, what: Vector 'M_RANGE_CHECK'. Knowing that when I perform simulations of MPEG over a wired topology or of CBR over UDP over HSDPA, they both work. The problem is when I combine them. I have also noticed in the simulation starts running and at some point it breaks. When I looked at the trace file, I figured out that packets arrive to the RNC but are not handed to the Base Station. Please help me if you can, I am stuck here and I must finish my thesis. thank you in advance, --- best regards, Imad Abdeljaouad
