Re: BCHR Tuning
A brilliant solution. I knew that the real Steve Adams couldn't have edited it when I say the line starting: quote Latches are low-level queuing mechanisms end quote The man who wrote THE book about latches in Oracle couldn't possibly have made the mistake of thinking that latching was a queueing mechanism. In fact, there is a bit in Steve's chapter on latches which says quite specifically: latches do not support request queueing latch requests are not necessarily serviced in order. Having said that, I thought the article was far better than usual. There was still plenty of scope for criticism, but it seemed to convey more useful information than usual, even though presentation and ordering were somewhat garbled in places, and there were several small errors and misunderstandings. Regards Jonathan Lewis http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk Coming soon a new one-day tutorial: Cost Based Optimisation (see http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/tutorial.html ) Next Seminar dates: (see http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/seminar.html ) England__January 21/23 USA_(CA, TX)_August The Co-operative Oracle Users' FAQ http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/faq/ind_faq.html -Original Message- To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 11 January 2003 06:51 Undskyld! But you assumed that the Steve Adams mentioned at the bottom of that article is the one you know ;)) They should have mentioned Steve's Web site. They did not miss tusc and ioug URLs. Ummm. wonder why not ;) ;) I say poor Copy Editing on part of the publishers. - Kirti -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Jonathan Lewis INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing).
Re: #of blocks in extent
UNIFORM SIZE clause of Tablespace, if it is LMT. --- Igor Neyman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: INITIAL, NEXT, PCTINCREASE -- if it's not LMT Igor Neyman, OCP DBA [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, January 10, 2003 2:54 PM How many blocks are allocated to an extend . what parameter decides that . Is it some storage param ? -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: BigP INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing). -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Igor Neyman INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing). = cool amar The best way to express yourself is to be yourself. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail Plus - Powerful. Affordable. Sign up now. http://mailplus.yahoo.com -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Amar Kumar Padhi INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing).
RE: Create Mat View uses DEFAULT TABLESPACE for temp segments?
Title: RE: Create Mat View uses DEFAULT TABLESPACE for temp segments?
The
only people who don't occasionally look a bit dumb are those who don't do
anything... Check my CLOB/RAW question... can I help paddle the bit
dumb boat :)
Regards,
Bill Burke "The
Kinder and Gentler DBA" IOUG University
Master Class Faculty 2001-2002 "iDBA
Management, High Performance Infrastructure and HA" IOUG Board of Directors 2000-2002 ODTUG Board of Directors 1996-2000 www.OracleGuru.com www.KBMotorsports.biz
-Original Message-From: Thomas Jeff
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]Sent: Thursday, January 09, 2003 7:44
AMTo: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-LSubject: RE:
Create Mat View uses DEFAULT TABLESPACE for temp
segments?
sigh It's always fun to come out looking a bit
dumb in front of such a prestigious group.
Thanks Jared.
My problem turned out to be the placement of the BUILD clause.
Yes, BUILD IMMEDIATE is the default, but my personal
preference is to display all default parameters within
reason within all DDL.
-Original Message- From:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
Sent: Wednesday, January 08, 2003 5:44 PM To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L Subject: RE: Create Mat View uses DEFAULT TABLESPACE for temp
segments?
create materialized view MY_MV pctfree
10 pctused 80 tablespace
medium_table_tbs using index pctfree 5
tablespace medium_index_tbs refresh
fast start with sysdate --
every 30 minutes next sysdate + 30 / 1440
as select *
All is explained in the fine manual.
Jared
Thomas Jeff [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent by: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 01/08/2003
02:14 PM Please respond to ORACLE-L
To:
Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L [EMAIL PROTECTED]
cc:
Subject: RE: Create Mat View uses
DEFAULT TABLESPACE for temp segments?
You were right. Tracing the operation
did show at the end that there's a CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
statement with no tablespace specified.
Checking the manuals a bit more carefully shows that
Oracle will create at least one internal table and at
least one index for the mat view. It also states that
the matview must have sufficient quota in the the
target tablespace to store the master table and index. The obvious question then is: how I do specify a target
tablespace for this index? I've tried
various parameters but can't seem to get it to work.
-Original Message- Sent:
Wednesday, January 08, 2003 2:21 PM To: Multiple
recipients of list ORACLE-L
It's not blatantly obvious, but if you've created
the whole thing in the standard way Oracle will
be creating an index on the table that holds
the materialized view data - and that index will
go into your default tablespace.
Regards Jonathan Lewis
http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk Coming
soon a new one-day tutorial: Cost Based Optimisation
(see http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/tutorial.html )
Next Seminar dates: (see http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/seminar.html )
England__January 21/23 USA_(CA, TX)_August
The Co-operative Oracle Users' FAQ http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/faq/ind_faq.html
-Original Message- To:
Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 08 January 2003 16:06
This is 8.1.7.4 on AIX 4.3.3. When
I try to create a materialized view in the specified tablespace, I hit the
following error. Is this a behavior
of the create
materialized view statement, to create temp segments in the user's default tablespace, and not use the target tablespace?
I've double-checked all ts
quotas and appropriate privs. Changing the user's default
tablespace to the target
tablespace works of course. Or am I missing something blatantly obvious here?
SQL CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tcs_ord_hist_mv 2 TABLESPACE TCS_MD_DT01 3 BUILD IMMEDIATE
4 REFRESH ON DEMAND 5 ENABLE
QUERY REWRITE 6 AS 7 SELECT customer_number,
8
product_number,
9
SUM(order_quantity) history_ordered_qty
10 FROM tcs.tcs_order_history
11 GROUP BY
customer_number, product_number 12 /
FROM
tcs.tcs_order_history
* ERROR at line 10: ORA-01630: max # extents (505) reached in temp segment in
tablespace USERS
Jeffery D Thomas DBA Thomson Information Services Thomson,
Inc. Email:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] Indy DBA Master Documentation available at: http://gkmqp.tce.com/tis_dba Select 'Indy DBA' then 'DBA Web Pages'
-- Please see the official
ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net --
Author: Jonathan Lewis
INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network
Services -- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego,
California -- Mailing list and web
hosting services -
To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an
Re: BCHR Tuning
The real Steve is sitting about 42 centimeters from me talking to his family in Australia. And I think the flight from Sydney took about 2000 hours, so it cannot possibly be him mentioned in the article by Rich. Thanks for pointing this out, Kerti. Suddenly it all makes sense. There are at least two SA's in the world. Mogens Jonathan Lewis wrote: A brilliant solution. I knew that the real Steve Adams couldn't have edited it when I say the line starting: quote Latches are low-level queuing mechanisms end quote The man who wrote THE book about latches in Oracle couldn't possibly have made the mistake of thinking that latching was a queueing mechanism. In fact, there is a bit in Steve's chapter on latches which says quite specifically: latches do not support request queueing latch requests are not necessarily serviced in order. Having said that, I thought the article was far better than usual. There was still plenty of scope for criticism, but it seemed to convey more useful information than usual, even though presentation and ordering were somewhat garbled in places, and there were several small errors and misunderstandings. Regards Jonathan Lewis http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk Coming soon a new one-day tutorial: Cost Based Optimisation (see http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/tutorial.html ) Next Seminar dates: (see http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/seminar.html ) England__January 21/23 USA_(CA, TX)_August The Co-operative Oracle Users' FAQ http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/faq/ind_faq.html -Original Message- To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 11 January 2003 06:51 Undskyld! But you assumed that the Steve Adams mentioned at the bottom of that article is the one you know ;)) They should have mentioned Steve's Web site. They did not miss tusc and ioug URLs. Ummm. wonder why not ;) ;) I say poor Copy Editing on part of the publishers. - Kirti -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Mogens_N=F8rgaard?= INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing).
RE: Conversion from CLOB to RAW
The amount of data being stored is fairly significant @60G of xml transaction data. The developers want to apply a compression routine to the xml string which will save about 70% of the space currently in use. BLOB was my original recommendation, they were pushing to go RAW instead. We've only got a couple of CLOB's out there, but they are taking up huge amounts of storage. On the overkill note, most all of the XML has been parsed to less than 2K in length so one of my thoughts was we had introduced LOB functionality without really needing it. The other aside to this is we will definately need to partition the data when we do the conversion as it currently resides in a traditional table as a CLOB. Regards, Bill Burke The Kinder and Gentler DBA IOUG University Master Class Faculty 2001-2002 iDBA Management, High Performance Infrastructure and HA IOUG Board of Directors 2000-2002 ODTUG Board of Directors 1996-2000 www.OracleGuru.com www.KBMotorsports.biz -Original Message- [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, January 10, 2003 4:24 PM To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L Bill, I agree with Michael. You've already got the data in a suitable datatype. Why move it to a cumbersome, soon-to-be-obsolete datatype? You can use DBMS_LOB functionality on LOBs, not on Raw. I'd be so happy if the couple dozen tables in our 3rd party Student Information system that have Long or Long Raw columns had CLOB or BLOB columns instead. It would make converting them to partitioned tables much easier. I definitely vote to keep your CLOBs. Jack C. Applewhite Database Administrator Austin Independent School District Austin, Texas 512.414.9715 (wk) 512.935.5929 (pager) [EMAIL PROTECTED] Michael Fontana [EMAIL PROTECTED]To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L et [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent by: cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Conversion from CLOB to RAW 01/10/2003 02:15 PM Please respond to ORACLE-L At 11:30 AM 1/10/2003 -0800, Burke, William F (Bill) wrote: Here's where I get to ask the most likely simple question. I've inherited a database where it was built using a CLOB to hold XML data but we have now determined that was total overkill and want to move it to a RAW column or other suitable datatype. Looking for conversion issues or other alternatives. Since Oracle is moving us away from LONG and RAW datatypes, I assume you want to convert from CLOB to BLOB? BLOB is probably more storage-efficient, but since XML is made up of character data, I don't really understand the issue with keeping it a CLOB. What do you mean by overkill? -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing). -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Burke, William F (Bill) INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing).
www.oracle.com down?
Is Oracle's web site down? I just decieded to try J2EE Web Services CD they sent me. It has all the goodies in password-protectd ZIP files and tells to go to http://www.oracle.com/go/?Src="">and fill registration form to get the password. What a pity. The site is down just in the omemnt you need it most. Could anyone who tried out the CD share the password? Thanks in advance, Nick.
Re: www.oracle.com down?
Thank you! The site is up again and I was worried that no one would confirm that it was down. I swear it was down! UNBREAKABLE indeed. Cannot break it, cannot break in. Cannot get it, cannot get in. I know what are you doing. Metalink, huh? Best luck. Regards, Nick - Original Message - From: K Gopalakrishnan To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L Sent: Sunday, January 12, 2003 1:13 AM Subject: RE: www.oracle.com down? Looks like it is down.. I was trying to get in to metalink at 2.30-3.00 AM IST (don;t ask what am I doing at that time) on Sunday Morning.. it is down.. !! Heard it is running in the UNBREAKABLE database.. Perhaps they can use Jonathan Lewis's phrase.. 'Let us reboot at the lunch time and call it as a network failure ' :D Best Regards,K Gopalakrishnan -Original Message-From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Nicolai TufarSent: Saturday, January 11, 2003 2:49 PMTo: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-LSubject: www.oracle.com down? Is Oracle's web site down? I just decieded to try J2EE Web Services CD they sent me. It has all the goodies in password-protectd ZIP files and tells to go to http://www.oracle.com/go/?Src="">and fill registration form to get the password. What a pity. The site is down just in the omemnt you need it most. Could anyone who tried out the CD share the password? Thanks in advance, Nick.
Oracle CD's
One of my friend who has subscribed to oracle OTN has got three CD's free(Oracle 9i Database CD's)...Can any one tell me how to get it... I am also registered in OTN but i am getting magazines only..No CD's like that... Regards, [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: guess who INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing).
RE: Oracle CD's
Probably because Oracle didn't want to guess who you are? -Original Message- Sent: Saturday, January 11, 2003 11:49 PM To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L One of my friend who has subscribed to oracle OTN has got three CD's free(Oracle 9i Database CD's)...Can any one tell me how to get it... I am also registered in OTN but i am getting magazines only..No CD's like that... Regards, [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: guess who INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing). -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Richard Ji INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing).
Re: Oracle CD's
http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/ias/htdocs/winsoft.html#j2ee Click on TryOnline icon and fill in the form. But they are not sending Oracle Database these days. Ony Application Server, JDeveloper and Oracle Lite. Nick - Original Message - To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, January 12, 2003 6:48 AM One of my friend who has subscribed to oracle OTN has got three CD's free(Oracle 9i Database CD's)...Can any one tell me how to get it... I am also registered in OTN but i am getting magazines only..No CD's like that... Regards, [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: guess who INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing). -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Nicolai Tufar INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing).
Re: Conversion from CLOB to RAW
Bill, If the data length is less than 2K, why not use varchar2? You get all the functionality like substr(), instr(), like etc. I'm not sure why you are leaning towards RAW, when the type you are storing is of character based. HTH. Arup - Original Message - To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Saturday, January 11, 2003 1:33 PM The amount of data being stored is fairly significant @60G of xml transaction data. The developers want to apply a compression routine to the xml string which will save about 70% of the space currently in use. BLOB was my original recommendation, they were pushing to go RAW instead. We've only got a couple of CLOB's out there, but they are taking up huge amounts of storage. On the overkill note, most all of the XML has been parsed to less than 2K in length so one of my thoughts was we had introduced LOB functionality without really needing it. The other aside to this is we will definately need to partition the data when we do the conversion as it currently resides in a traditional table as a CLOB. Regards, Bill Burke The Kinder and Gentler DBA IOUG University Master Class Faculty 2001-2002 iDBA Management, High Performance Infrastructure and HA IOUG Board of Directors 2000-2002 ODTUG Board of Directors 1996-2000 www.OracleGuru.com www.KBMotorsports.biz -Original Message- [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, January 10, 2003 4:24 PM To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L Bill, I agree with Michael. You've already got the data in a suitable datatype. Why move it to a cumbersome, soon-to-be-obsolete datatype? You can use DBMS_LOB functionality on LOBs, not on Raw. I'd be so happy if the couple dozen tables in our 3rd party Student Information system that have Long or Long Raw columns had CLOB or BLOB columns instead. It would make converting them to partitioned tables much easier. I definitely vote to keep your CLOBs. Jack C. Applewhite Database Administrator Austin Independent School District Austin, Texas 512.414.9715 (wk) 512.935.5929 (pager) [EMAIL PROTECTED] Michael Fontana [EMAIL PROTECTED]To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L et [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent by: cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Conversion from CLOB to RAW 01/10/2003 02:15 PM Please respond to ORACLE-L At 11:30 AM 1/10/2003 -0800, Burke, William F (Bill) wrote: Here's where I get to ask the most likely simple question. I've inherited a database where it was built using a CLOB to hold XML data but we have now determined that was total overkill and want to move it to a RAW column or other suitable datatype. Looking for conversion issues or other alternatives. Since Oracle is moving us away from LONG and RAW datatypes, I assume you want to convert from CLOB to BLOB? BLOB is probably more storage-efficient, but since XML is made up of character data, I don't really understand the issue with keeping it a CLOB. What do you mean by overkill? -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing). -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Burke, William F (Bill) INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services - To REMOVE yourself from this mailing list, send an E-Mail message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (note EXACT spelling of 'ListGuru') and in the message BODY, include a line containing: UNSUB ORACLE-L (or the name of mailing list you want to be removed from). You may also send the HELP command for other information (like subscribing). -- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.net -- Author: Arup Nanda INET: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fat City Network Services-- 858-538-5051 http://www.fatcity.com San Diego, California-- Mailing list and web hosting services
