Oracle and JMeter configuration

2003-12-03 Thread Louis Avrami


Hello all,

I'm trying to set up JMeter version 1.9.1, 

http://jakarta.apache.org/jmeter/index.html

for some testing on an Oracle 8.1.7.4 database on Solaris 2.8.
 We're running JDK 1.3, which according to the JMeter website
should work with JMeter 1.9.

I've unpacked JMeter and copied the Oracle JDBC driver files
classes12.zip and nls_charset12.zip into JMeter's lib directory.
 However, when I try to run a test case the connection fails
with the log error of

jmeter.protocol.jdbc:  java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: 
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver


The JMeter JDBC URL settings that I am using are:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@servername:1521:ORACLE_SID
(I've also tried using the IP address)

The JMeter Driver Class setting is:

oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver


Has anyone out there set up JMeter to run against an Oracle database?
 If so, could you share your setup with me?  From what I've read
in the JMeter archives, it has been done, but it seems that no
one has detailed exactly what needs to be done.

Thanks,
Lou Avrami




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Locally managed tablespaces and raw devices

2003-10-02 Thread Louis Avrami

Hi all,

I just inherited an 8.1.7.4 database running on Solaris 2.8,
16 k block size, using raw devices for database datafiles.  The
raw slices all appear to be a uniform size, 200 meg each.  As
part of my initial site survey, I noticed that the tablespaces
are all dictionary managed.

Would it be optimal to convert the existing application data
and index tablespaces to locally managed tablespaces?

Does anyone know of any issues/problems when using locally managed
tablespaces with raw devices?

Another question that I do have concerns the proper sizing of
datafiles for new tablespaces.  I have only utilized locally
managed tablespaces on OS filesystems.  With OS-level datafiles
I usually create datafiles as a multiple of the OS filesystem
block size + 64K for the bitmap header and metadata blocks. 
For example:

 OS block size   datafile size
 -   -
   8k256 meg + 64k


With raw disk slices, the OS filesystem is bypassed.  What then
should be the optimal formula when creating new datafiles?

Thanks,
Lou Avrami







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RE: Which objects to pin in which Multiple Buffer Pool?

2002-06-24 Thread Louis Avrami



Of course, if anyone has some queries to help identify buffer
pool pinning candidates, they would be more than welcome.  

Thanks,

Lou Avrami

From the article Oracle8i Buffer Cache:  New Features, identifying
hot blocks (DEFAULT cache?) can be done with the query:

PCSS:SYS select obj object,
  2  DBARFIL file#,
  3  DBABLK block#,
  4  tch touches
  5  from x$bh
  6  where tch  100
  7  order by 1,2;

OBJECT  FILE# BLOCK#TOUCHES 
   
-- -- -- -- 
   
61  1187337 
   
83  1246661 
   
83  1  21865797 
   
99  1280370 
   
   102  1286   1319 
   
   102  1  24617   1317 
   
   102  1  24618   1334 
   
   195  1465792 
   
 31658 10   1289152 
   
 31668 10   1929148 
   
 31678 10   2569152 
   


The article also suggest the following query for identifying
Recycle Pool candidates:

SQL select obj object,
  2  count(1) buffers,
  3  100 * (count(1)/totsize) pct_cache
  4  from x$bh,
  5  (select value totsize from v$parameter
  6   where name = 'db_block_buffers')
  7  where tch = 1
  8  group by obj, totsize
  9  having 100 * (count(1)/totsize)  5;




--- Original Message ---
From: Louis Avrami [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To:  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 6/25/02 12:35:32 AM

Hi all,

I'm in an environment where we're running RDBMS 8.1.7.2 on multiple
Solaris 2.8 servers.

I would like to set up multiple buffer pools in several of our
databases and pin objects appropriately in the KEEP, RECYCLE
and default buffer cache.  Unfortunately, many of the applications
that we work with are developed by outside vendors with whom
we have very little contact or documentation (don't ask).

I did come across an article titled Oracle8i Buffer Cache:
 New Features in the July 2000 issue of the ORACLE INTERNALS
 newsletter, which has some interesting queries which might help
to identify candidates for the various buffer pools.  

For the KEEP pool, the article suggests the following SQL:

  1  select obj object,
  2 count(1) buffers,
  3 avg(tch) avg_touches
  4  from x$bh
  5  group by obj
  6  having avg(tch)  5
  7* and count(1)  20
SQL /

OBJECTBUFFERS AVG_TOUCHES  

-- -- ---  

 2271  7.90405904  

 6 23  19  

 8 52  14.4038462  

18299  9.18394649  

33 31  12.9354839  

34219  6.6667  

 32365151  145.748344  

 32369 22  72.8181818  

 32376 21  5.38095238  

 32383 23  94.7391304  

 32433 86  5.69767442  



In the above query, I'm not sure how to map back the OBJ (OBJECT)
number to a database table/object, so that it could  subsequently
be pinned in the KEEP pool.

A better question might be this:

Can someone help map X$BH.obj, X$BH.file# and X$BH.block# so
that they can be identified as database tables, indexes, data
files, etc.?

Thanks,
Lou Avrami










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Which objects to pin in which Multiple Buffer Pool?

2002-06-24 Thread Louis Avrami



Sorry if this is a repeat, I received a message that my original
message was being return because of locking problems
=

Hi all,

I'm in an environment where we're running RDBMS 8.1.7.2 on multiple
Solaris 2.8 servers.

I would like to set up multiple buffer pools in several of our
databases and pin objects appropriately in the KEEP, RECYCLE
and default buffer cache.  Unfortunately, many of the applications
that we work with are developed by outside vendors with whom
we have very little contact or documentation (don't ask).

I did come across an article titled Oracle8i Buffer Cache: 
New Features in the July 2000 issue of the ORACLE INTERNALS
 newsletter, which has some interesting queries which might help
to identify candidates for the various buffer pools.  

For the KEEP pool, the article suggests the following SQL:

  1  select obj object,
  2 count(1) buffers,
  3 avg(tch) avg_touches
  4  from x$bh
  5  group by obj
  6  having avg(tch)  5
  7* and count(1)  20
SQL /

OBJECTBUFFERS AVG_TOUCHES   
   
-- -- ---   
   
 2271  7.90405904   
   
 6 23  19   
   
 8 52  14.4038462   
   
18299  9.18394649   
   
33 31  12.9354839   
   
34219  6.6667   
   
 32365151  145.748344   
   
 32369 22  72.8181818   
   
 32376 21  5.38095238   
   
 32383 23  94.7391304   
   
 32433 86  5.69767442   
   


In the above query, I'm not sure how to map back the OBJ (OBJECT)
number to a database table/object, so that it could  subsequently
be pinned in the KEEP pool.

A better question might be this:

Can someone help map X$BH.obj, X$BH.file# and X$BH.block# so
that they can be identified as database tables, indexes, data
files, etc.?

Thanks,
Lou Avrami



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Unicode output

2002-05-17 Thread Louis Avrami


Hello all,

We're running Oracle RDBMS 8.1.7.2 on a Solaris 2.8 server platform.

The development team for a particular project has written a stored
procedure for sending data feeds to other projects.  It spools
outputs of queries to UTL_FILE_DIR, and then other processes
E-mail the output files to vearious recipients.

This database has international users.  The NLS_LANG setting
is AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8.  Up until now all of the output files
have looked fine, but recently an end-user in Mexico has inputted
an address that looks in part like this:

México

It should look like Mexico with an accent above it ...

The recipients of this particular spool file are complaining
that this output is wrong, which I guess it is, from their
perspective.

Does anyone have any suggestions on a setting or process that
could correct this, or somehow filter the output, or a workaround?

I wish that the recipients could connect to the database directly,
query the data they need and pull it into their own database,
but that isn't how things are structured with this client.

Any suggestions would be welcome.

Thanks,
Lou Avrami



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Differences between Oracle JDBC thin and thick drivers

2002-04-09 Thread Louis Avrami



Hello all,

I have a question concerning the Oracle JDBC thin vs. thick drivers
and how they might affect operations from an application perspective.
 

We're in a Solais 8/Oracle 8.1.7.2 environment.  We have several
applications on several servers connecting to the Oracle database.
 

For redundancy, we're looking into setting up TAF (transparent
application failover).  Currently, some of our apps use the Oracle
JDBC thin drivers to talk to the database, with a connection
string that like this:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@host:port:ORACLE_SID

In a disaster recovery mode, where we would switch the database
from one server to another, the host name in the above string
would become invalid.  That means we have to shut down our application
servers and restart them with an updated string.

Using the Oracle OCI (thick) driver though, allows us to connect
to a Net8 service instead of a specific server:

jdbc:oracle:oci8:@NET8_SERVICE_NAME

Coupled with the FAILOVER=ON option configured in Net8, it is
then possible to direct a connection from the first server to
the failover database on another server.  This is exactly what
we would like to do.

My question is, from an application perspective, how is the Oracle
thick driver different from the thin driver?   If everything
else is equal (i.e. the thick driver is compatible with the
app servers) would there be something within the the thick/OCI
driver that could limit functionality vs. the thin driver?

My understand, which obviously is sketchy, is that the thick
driver is a superset of the thin driver.  If this is the case,
and for example if all database connections were handled through
a configuration file with the above OCI connection string, then
theoretically the thick driver should work.

If anyone has any info on this that they can share, it would
be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Lou Avrami




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Unrecognized shared memory entry

2002-03-11 Thread Louis Avrami


Hi folks,

We're running an Oracle 8.1.7.2 database on a Sun 420R, Solaris
2.6.

Recently we had a look at the shared memory allocation via the
'ipcs -a'
command and noticed that there is a no-entry listing in the
semaphore
section:

$ ipcs -a
IPC status from running system as of Sun Mar 10 15:07:42 2002
Message Queue facility not in system.
T ID  KEYMODEOWNERGROUP  CREATOR
CGROUP NATTCH  SEGSZ  CPID  LPID   ATIMEDTIMECTIME
Shared Memory:
m  0   0x5a88 --rw-r--r-- root root root
root  1 68   248   248 21:24:00 21:24:00 21:24:00
m   1301   0x03309dc4 --rw-rw   oracle  dba   oracle
dba 15  687087616 14289 14409 15:06:06 15:06:08 15:04:26
T ID  KEYMODEOWNERGROUP  CREATOR
CGROUP NSEMS   OTIMECTIME
Semaphores:
s3801088   0xe8945334 --ra-ra   oracle  dba   oracle
dba   152 15:05:09 15:04:36
s1048577   0xe8945335 --ra-ra   oracle  dba   oracle
dba   152 no-entry 15:04:36
s 851970   0xe8945336 --ra-ra   oracle  dba   oracle
dba   152 15:04:39 15:04:36


This doesn't appear on any of our other Solaris 2.6, 2.7 or 2.8
servers.

Does anyone know what the no-entry semaphore listing means?

The specific OS version is:

$ uname -a
SunOS scmsdb01 5.6 Generic_105181-29 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-60


Lou Avrami










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Net8 and FAILOVER parameter

2001-09-25 Thread Louis Avrami


Hello folks,

We are implementing an 8.1.7.2 automated hot standby database
in a Solaris 2.8 environment.  We don't have something like Veritas
Cluster software so that we could set up a virtual IP address
and toggle the virtual IP from the primary database server to
the standby when a failover occurs.

Net8 does have a FAILOVER parameter, which instructs Net8, at
connect time, to fail over to a different address if the first
address fails.  Here's what I think the configuration should
look like:


net_service_name=
(description= 
(failover=on)
(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=server1)(port=1521))
(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=server2)(port=1521))
(connect_data=(service_name=db1.acme.com)))


I have a couple of questions concerning the FAILOVER parameter:

1) Does Net8 need to be shut down on the primary database if
we fail over to the standby database?  I'm thinking of a situation
where the primary database has a problem, we fail over to the
standby, but Net8 remains up on the primary.  I'm thinking that,
theoretically we could still tnsping the primary database, since
Net8 is up.  That would not be good, since we want to fail over.

2) Is there a timing issue with the FAILOVER parameter?  For
example, will it it try to connect to the primary address for
N seconds, then try the second address?  The time delay while
Net8 tries to go to the primary address may be unacceptable for
the application. 

If anyone can pass along any information it would be greatly
appreciated.

Lou Avrami





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Statspack question - Execute to Parse %

2001-08-14 Thread Louis Avrami


Hello all,

I recently created some Level 5 Statspack snapshots for an Oracle
8.1.7.0 database.  Here's a portion of a snapshot report:

Instance Efficiency Percentages (Target 100%)
~
Buffer Nowait %:  100.00   Redo NoWait %:  100.00
Buffer  Hit   %:   99.94In-memory Sort %:   99.46
Library Hit   %:   99.37Soft Parse %:   99.53
Execute to Parse %:1.59  Latch Hit %:   97.47


The particular stat that I am unsure about is Execute to Parse
%.  Can anyone share with me what exactly this maps back to,
and what might be tuned to improve this number?

Thanks,
Lou Avrami ( [EMAIL PROTECTED] )





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Re: Permissions on dump logs

2001-08-05 Thread Louis Avrami

Brian,

I guess I wasn't clear about what I wanted to do.  I would like the
files under $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump, bdump, cdump and udump
to have permissions of 644 WITHOUT having to manually change them.  Yes,
I could always go in and change the permissions on the files.  What I
would like is for the backup process, not owned by oracle or in the
group oinstall, to always be able to read the dump files so that they
can be backed up.

Thanks for the reply,
Lou Avrami

--

 From: Brian Haas [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Date: Fri, 3 Aug 2001 11:05:29 -0700 (PDT)
 Subject: Re: Permissions on dump logs

On Thu, 2 Aug 2001, Louis Avrami wrote:

1. Since the group ownership of the files is oinstall and the
permissions are
640, then the dba group would not have read permissions on those files.
The group chosen on install (dba) is only for os authentcation to
connect to the
database as sysdba,sysoper for users belonging to that group


2. if you can login as oracle(the files owner) or root, you can do a
chmod 644
or a chmod a+r on the files to give world read access to them, or do a
chown oracle:dba file name
to change the group ownership to dba therefore giving that group read
access to
the files


HTH,

-Brian

Hello all,

In an Oracle 8.1.7 instance that I have inherited on a Soalris
2.7 server, the owner of the logfiles under
$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump,
bdump, cdump and udump is the UNIX ID oracle, group oinstall.
 The permissions on these files are 640; in other words, only
the oracle ID and any ID in the oinstall group can read these
log files.

We have a backup process that runs under another ID, with a group
of dba.

The backup process cannot see these log files in order to back
them up.

Two questions, first one:
If the group dba had been chosen as the SYSDBA and/or SYSOP as
part of the installation process, would the dba group have read
permissions on these files?

Question two:
Can something be set to make these files readable by other users?
 I don't think _trace_files_public = true will do it.


Thanks,
Lou Avrami




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Permissions on dump logs

2001-08-03 Thread Louis Avrami


Hello all,

In an Oracle 8.1.7 instance that I have inherited on a Soalris
2.7 server, the owner of the logfiles under $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump,
bdump, cdump and udump is the UNIX ID oracle, group oinstall.
 The permissions on these files are 640; in other words, only
the oracle ID and any ID in the oinstall group can read these
log files.

We have a backup process that runs under another ID, with a group
of dba.

The backup process cannot see these log files in order to back
them up.

Two questions, first one:
If the group dba had been chosen as the SYSDBA and/or SYSOP as
part of the installation process, would the dba group have read
permissions on these files?

Question two:  
Can something be set to make these files readable by other users?
 I don't think _trace_files_public = true will do it.


Thanks,
Lou Avrami




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Unknown Oracle user

2001-05-14 Thread Louis Avrami

Hello all,

I was scanning through several Oracle 8.1.7 databases that I inherited
recently, and noticed that there was a user ID by the name of RAO in
each of the databases, with DBA privileges.

For some reason, I recall seeing somewhere that this user is created
when installing a particular product.  Does this sound familiar to
anyone?

Thanks,
Lou Avrami

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Curious /etc/system settings in Solaris

2001-03-26 Thread Louis Avrami

Hello all,

One of the database servers that I am currently working on is
a Sun 6500, running Solaris 2.7.  It's a fairly large machine,
with 20 gig of memory.  It's being used for development and testing
for multiple applications.

When I began installing our particular versions of Oracle (7.3.4.5
and 8.1.7) on the box, I noticed that there were several tunables
settings in /etc/system that I had not seen on Solaris boxes
previously.  Is anyone familiar with the settings that I have
listed below?  I have placed an  to the right of the tunables
in question.  Could they perhaps be applicable to an HP-UX server?
 So far I've only worked on Sun, AIX and Linux servers.  The
shop where this server is located has been primarily HP-UX in
the past, so I thought that these might be legacy settings.

On Solaris, I've heard that it isn't a good idea to fool around
too much with tunables if it isn't necessary.  Portions of the
kernel are "dynamic", and unneeded settings could limit OS operations.

Some of the typical Oracle settings don't look optimal either,
 for example semmns=15000!!, but that is an issue for another
time.

Any info would be greatly appreciated,

Lou Avrami



* Following paraameters added under change # 144754 for Oracle
install.
set tune_t_gpgslo=250   -
set tune_t_minarmem=100 -
set tune_t_minasmem=250 -
set msgsys:msginfo_msgmap=200   -
set msgsys:msginfo_msgmni=100   -
set msgsys:msginfo_msgtql=80-
set msgsys:msginfo_msgseg=2048  -
set semsys:seminfo_semmap=100   -
set semsys:seminfo_semmnu=800   -
set semsys:seminfo_semume=100   -
set pln:pln_enable_detach_suspend=1 -
set soc:soc_enable_detach_suspend=1 -
set socal:socal_enable_suspend=1-
set fcaw:force32 = 1-
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=500
set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=2010
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=15000
set semsys:seminfo_semopm=100
set semsys:seminfo_semvmx=32767
* End change # 144754




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Re: sqlplus hanging on exit

2001-03-20 Thread Louis Avrami

Jared,

Thanks for the reply.

I'm embarrassed to say that the cause of the problem was Oracle Trace.  The
solution was to set EPC_DISABLE=TRUE in the environment and listener.ora, and
stop and restart the database.

I remember doing this a couple of years ago, when Oracle Trace was first
enabled by default.

Apparently one of my predecessors didn't set EPC_DISABLED anywhere, but simply
removed the .dat log files under $ORACLE_HOME/otrace/admin.  Does this mean
that the trace overhead is still part of the Oracle processes, but just can't
find the log files to write out to?

Lou Avrami


[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 You may want to check v$session_wait while the session
 is exiting and see if it's waiting on a resource in the
 the database.

 If that doesn't reveal anything, you may want to try
 truss on the server process and see what is going on there.
 ( assuming you aren't using MTS )

 Jared

 On Fri, 16 Mar 2001, Louis Avrami wrote:

  Hello all,
 
  I recently had to migrate a legacy database to a Sun 420 running Solaris
  2.8, latest recommended patches.  I installed RDBMS 7.3.4.5, created a
  database and imported the data successfully.
 
  I have actually had to do this on several different servers (we're
  finally scheduled to upgrade to RDBMS 8.1.7 next month).  All have gone
  well with the exception of one server.
 
  The symptoms of the problem seem to occur when trying to exit a
  connection to this particular database.  The exiting process seems to
  hang for an unusually long period of time.  For example, from the
  command line, if I use sqlplus to connect to the database, the
  connection starts up almost instananeously.  SQL statements execute
  quickly, with no apparent problems.  However, when I try to exit, the
  sqlplus session seems to just hang:
 ...

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sqlplus hanging on exit

2001-03-16 Thread Louis Avrami

Hello all,

I recently had to migrate a legacy database to a Sun 420 running Solaris
2.8, latest recommended patches.  I installed RDBMS 7.3.4.5, created a
database and imported the data successfully.

I have actually had to do this on several different servers (we're
finally scheduled to upgrade to RDBMS 8.1.7 next month).  All have gone
well with the exception of one server.

The symptoms of the problem seem to occur when trying to exit a
connection to this particular database.  The exiting process seems to
hang for an unusually long period of time.  For example, from the
command line, if I use sqlplus to connect to the database, the
connection starts up almost instananeously.  SQL statements execute
quickly, with no apparent problems.  However, when I try to exit, the
sqlplus session seems to just hang:

PDOM:SYS exit
Disconnected from Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.4.5.0 - Production
With the distributed, replication and parallel query options
PL/SQL Release 2.3.4.5.0 - Production

It can take over a minute for a command-line prompt to finally appear.
If I do a 'ps -fu userid' in another window while the exit is hanging, I
can see the sqlplus session process still there.

Even more interesting, if I am running 'top' in another window, when
exiting I can seem the CPU usage % climb astronomically, as well as the
system load average.  When the sqlplus session finally ends and returns
a command-line prompt, the CPU and load averages back down.  I/O is
negligible.

This server has 4 CPUs and 4 gig of memory.  The SGA of the database is
approximately 250 meg, so I don't think it's a resource issue.

It appears that all utilities that connect to the database are
exhibiting this same symptom.  svrmgrl, exp, imp, they all seem to hang
for over a minute after they start to exit.

I have relink oracle and all of it's utilities.  It doesn't seem to have
made a
difference.

Everything in the init.ora and /etc/system seem to be ok.  I have used
the same settings for serveral other database servers.  No other have
exhibited this behavior.

If anyone has any clues as to what might be causing this problem, they
would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,

Lou Avrami


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fastscan and maxpgio in Solaris 8?

2001-02-19 Thread Louis Avrami
ood intention, but in my humble
and
hope-to-be-noninflammatory opinion, there is less meat on these
bones
than
the author set out to provide.

I value all feedback (short of vulgar name-calling :-)), and
your
feedback
in particular is quite high quality.

Actually, the paper has been quite instrumental in meeting the
intended
goals of helping customers avoid common recurring pitfalls, and
in
promoting
a Best Practices mindset distinct from the wider body of knowledge
about

tuning techniques.  The Blueprint is derivative of presentations
I've
given
over the last two years and whitepapers previously presented
at Sun
User's
and Performance Group (SUPerG) conferences.

In particular, there is virtually no explicit
evidence of the consensus approach to "Best Practices" that
he wants us
to
redefine. Nor are there any Oracle employees cited, which --
given the
supposedly extremely close
coordination between Sun and Oracle -- is a disappointment.

The material has been test-flown with the collaboration of Oracle
folks
from the Oracle Centers of Excellence, and presented by invitation
at
Oracle internal symposia.  Providing all the evidence of consensus
is
beyond the scope of the document, but the document does represent
the
consensus I've observed in my travels.

Rather than a
blueprint, the document is more like a series of cool technical
tidbits,
flying in close formation.

Quite a valid comment. These particular tidbits seem to have
caused 80%
of
the grief we saw in 1999/2000, and much of the grief we continue
to see.

The real "blueprint" aspect here is the broad notion that common
factors

of success should be consistently applied and that common patterns
of
failure should be avoided.  While this might make a paper all
by itself,

those topics have been well-covered in the literature on software
patterns
and anti-patterns ... which of course do not address the latest
news of
interest regarding Solaris technical minutae.

On balance, I hope the author keeps this document going, and
continues
to track and add the little tidbits of information and "how-to"
sketches
that make it a good "version 1.0" technical note.

I would certainly like to 'keep it going', and perhaps provide
more
pointers to external knowledge collateral.I often point folks
to
the various books by Cockcroft, Alomari, and Mauro/McDougall
- with my
'breaking news' taking priority.  The Blueprints program provides
a fast

time-to-market for knowledge distribution, and I hope to issue
a
revision
sometime in the months ahead.  If this ever matures into a book,
"Best
Practices" will be only one chapter.

Thank you for your time and thoughtful comments.  I'd be delighted
to
hear your feedback and experiences with these 'tidbits' and any
others
you think might fit the mould.

Best regards,
Bob Sneed
SMI PAE

Ross



-Original Message-
Sent: Thursday, January 25, 2001 12:07 PM
To: Multiple recipients of list ORACLE-L


Hi Listers,

Sun has just published a new Blueprint on Sun/Oracle Best Practices.
This
is
a technical document and covers a lot of topics I see on this
list all
the
time.  I know that several of them have been subjects of religious
wars, but
thought people would be interested anyway.  I hope this information
is
useful.

http://www.sun.com/blueprints/0101/SunOracle.html

Dave Miller
Sun Microsystems, Inc.

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