RE: Senate Inquiry Age

1999-09-08 Thread David Vernon

Felicity,

I think it's a great idea to have the Senate Submissions available but remember that 
the Senate Committee must give permission for them to be published first.  To do so 
without permission is contempt of Parliament.

Cheers,

David

 Felicity Croker [EMAIL PROTECTED] 8/09/1999 
Joy, 
Your response to the news item should hopefully clarify 'midwifery care'.
All the best with the Senate Inquiry. 
Do you think it would be a useful resource to have the senate submissions
on the OzMid or ACMI websites? They are well researched and could provide a
useful resource to midwives and consumer groups seeking evidence based
information. 
Cheers
Felicity


At 06:04 PM 09/07/1999 +1000, you wrote:
Dear Sally and all
I can't answer either of these questions.
The Age medical reporter Victoria Button got a piece about the Inquiry into
page 3 of today's paper (Tues).  She gave particular focus to Jane Fisher's
claims that caesareans are linked to an increased incidence in certain
psychological disorders, and that subsequent pregnancies  may reactivate the
condition.
The article reported that:
"The Australian College of Midwives called for a funding reform to allow
midwifery at all births."

I have written to Victoria Button with the following comment:

This is not incorrect - but it is probably confusing to many readers. I
will attempt to briefly explain why.

All (or almost all) women giving birth in Australia probably do have
midwifery care. The problem is that the woman (consumer) is not able, under
current funding arrangements, to choose a midwife. Very few women are
attended by a known midwife. The concept of partnership between each woman
and her known midwife is central to the woman centred philosophy of
midwifery. Birth is not an illness. A midwife is not a nurse.

Funding for both public and private midwifery care is available only through
hospitals - which are controlled by doctors who do not understand midwifery
care. Public funding for all births includes a 'medical' component, but the
midwifery care is treated as part of the service. Antenatal care is
frequently provided in the community by doctors, and the funding is through
Federal government Medicare. Most of these doctors do not have anything to
do with the birth. Those who are involved in the birth do so through the
private hospital system, and rely on midwives to attend their clients
through labour, and call them in time to catch the baby. Of course, if there
are complications, that specialist is called to provide expert care. However
there is evidence that the involvement of specialists as primary carers may
indeed be a factor in increasing the likelihood of medical intervention.
This is one of the main issues that the Senate committee is attempting to
address.

Ten years ago New Zealand changed from a system of hospital based maternity
funding, similar to ours, to a system over which the woman has choice and
control. The woman may choose a lead maternity carer, either a GP doctor, a
specialist obstetrician, or a midwife, and this is covered by government
funding. The committee was particularly interested in the changes in
maternity care in New Zealand. A recent report quoted in our submission,
Maternity Care Provider and Outcomes, NZCOM 1998, in which the perinatal
mortality rate (number of babies who die) for births under a midwife lead
maternity carer was 3.6/1000, compared with 11.5/1000 for GP/midwife shared,
and 14.9/1000 for OG/Midwife shared, was given a lot of attention. This
evidence suggests that it is extremely safe to choose midwifery care. The
only midwives in our country who work with a similar degree of independence
to our colleagues in NZ are homebirth midwives, and perhaps a few in birth
centres.

Women are eager to maintain control over their bodies and lives, especially
at a time of personal intimacy such as the birth of a baby. You did not stay
for the presentation by Maternity Coalition, but I would encourage you to
read their submission. I wish you every success in your efforts as a medical
reporter, that you will be objective, and present a true picture of the
issues you address.

Yours sincerely

Joy Johnston

:

  -Original Message-
  From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Sally Tracy
  Sent: Tuesday, 7 September 1999 9:55
  To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
  Subject: Re: Senate Inquiry


  dear Joy
  many thanks for this briefing. I am going to represent AMAP on the 14th
Sept in Sydney. I need some feedback on two points.
a.. Does anybody have the latest reference for the spending on
ultrasound technology as part of the maternity budget? I have several
references but I want to be absolutely sure...they all look so
unbelievably high!
a.. what constitutes 'early discharge' in the majority of practices? I
have conflicting definitions to hand. And when is a woman eligible for
visits by a community midwife, after discharge from hospital?
  Many thanks in anticipati

Re: Senate Inquiry VERY IMPORTANT

1999-09-08 Thread Carol Thorogood

Dear all

Have just returned from the Senate Select Committee hearing. I represented
the WA ACMI. There's no doubt the committee has read the submissions and are
thinking about issues. Most of my questions came from Sue Knowles and
Rosemary Crowley. I found it difficult at times to separate the me hat from
the ACMI hat. This was harder when some of the questions were What is your
opinion of... and the ACMI doesn't have a stock/united policy.

VERY IMPORTANT After the hearing it was suggested to me that we midwives
must present to the Senate models which show how Federal money can best be
used to fund services - sort of like the ABSP.  I just can't do it  at the
moment. Maybe we need a joint submission. I get the impression that the
Committee wants ideas about finding sources of money and then ways of using
it. Can this be done by the next hearing?  The crux of it is that they want
us to do the work! We've done it all before so can we do it again?

The rest of this post is about my/ACMI (WA) submission.

 In my five minute blurb I concentrated on the need for maternity services
that reflect womens' expressed needs etc etc. I used a primary health care
model to show that not all women have services that are equitable,
accessible, appropriate affordable etc etc. I then gave three examples of
this ie homebirth, only two birth centres in WA and none in the rural areas,
inadequate or even absent services for women in remote and rural areas.

Not all the Committee's questions were related to the submission so I had to
think a bit. They asked if DEM educ'n would improve relations with the
medical profession (my answer No)! I think they were a bit surprised at my
somewhat gloomy prognosis about positive relations with our medical
colleagues. I started hedging a bit and talked about my 'colleagues'. But,
RC said which ones?  I answered.

There were quite a few questions about accreditation of midwives (visiting
privileges) costs of programs ie homebirths and other midwife managed
services. Another was why did I think the midwives were so old! I said that
I think (but as yet little evidence to support it in mid but if general is
anything to go with) that the midwives and nurses  leave the profession in
droves because of dissatisfaction with their working conditions etc. I used
Kalgoorlie (hello Kal) to show that if the work is satisfying and they are
able to practice midwifery as they wuz taught they will stay. So it isn't a
matter of bringing in 'young students' but of finding ways to make 'em stay!

Other comments were about the 'routinisation' of technologies/services,
anti-competitive behaviours, lack of appropriate information on which to
make informed choices; too much money being spent on something to the
detriment of others ie antenatal care etc.

I tried to make the point that in some quarters midwife managed care is
considered an expensive  luxury for an elite group. Midwife led services
should be 'instead of' rather than 'as well as' ie it is not an adjunct to
obstetric services but a model of care in its own right. I'm not sure if it
came out like that but that's what I meant!


That'll do for now. It is a bit scary but far from unpleasant. By the way
submissions are the property of the Senate and can't be published. We can
only comment on what is open to the public.

Thanks to those who gave up their time to listen and be supportive
afterwards!
Carol



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RE: Senate Inquiry Age

1999-09-08 Thread Johnston

Hi Felicity
As I understand it the submissions and the hansard recording of the meetings
will be put up on the government website - I don't know how ling it takes
for this to happen.
Joy

-Original Message-
From:   [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Felicity Croker
Sent:   Wednesday, 8 September 1999 16:50
To: Johnston; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject:RE: Senate Inquiry  Age

Joy,
Your response to the news item should hopefully clarify 'midwifery care'.
All the best with the Senate Inquiry.
Do you think it would be a useful resource to have the senate submissions
on the OzMid or ACMI websites? They are well researched and could provide a
useful resource to midwives and consumer groups seeking evidence based
information.
Cheers
Felicity


At 06:04 PM 09/07/1999 +1000, you wrote:
Dear Sally and all
I can't answer either of these questions.
The Age medical reporter Victoria Button got a piece about the Inquiry into
page 3 of today's paper (Tues).  She gave particular focus to Jane Fisher's
claims that caesareans are linked to an increased incidence in certain
psychological disorders, and that subsequent pregnancies  may reactivate
the
condition.
The article reported that:
"The Australian College of Midwives called for a funding reform to allow
midwifery at all births."

I have written to Victoria Button with the following comment:

This is not incorrect - but it is probably confusing to many readers. I
will attempt to briefly explain why.

All (or almost all) women giving birth in Australia probably do have
midwifery care. The problem is that the woman (consumer) is not able, under
current funding arrangements, to choose a midwife. Very few women are
attended by a known midwife. The concept of partnership between each woman
and her known midwife is central to the woman centred philosophy of
midwifery. Birth is not an illness. A midwife is not a nurse.

Funding for both public and private midwifery care is available only
through
hospitals - which are controlled by doctors who do not understand midwifery
care. Public funding for all births includes a 'medical' component, but the
midwifery care is treated as part of the service. Antenatal care is
frequently provided in the community by doctors, and the funding is through
Federal government Medicare. Most of these doctors do not have anything to
do with the birth. Those who are involved in the birth do so through the
private hospital system, and rely on midwives to attend their clients
through labour, and call them in time to catch the baby. Of course, if
there
are complications, that specialist is called to provide expert care.
However
there is evidence that the involvement of specialists as primary carers may
indeed be a factor in increasing the likelihood of medical intervention.
This is one of the main issues that the Senate committee is attempting to
address.

Ten years ago New Zealand changed from a system of hospital based maternity
funding, similar to ours, to a system over which the woman has choice and
control. The woman may choose a lead maternity carer, either a GP doctor, a
specialist obstetrician, or a midwife, and this is covered by government
funding. The committee was particularly interested in the changes in
maternity care in New Zealand. A recent report quoted in our submission,
Maternity Care Provider and Outcomes, NZCOM 1998, in which the perinatal
mortality rate (number of babies who die) for births under a midwife lead
maternity carer was 3.6/1000, compared with 11.5/1000 for GP/midwife
shared,
and 14.9/1000 for OG/Midwife shared, was given a lot of attention. This
evidence suggests that it is extremely safe to choose midwifery care. The
only midwives in our country who work with a similar degree of independence
to our colleagues in NZ are homebirth midwives, and perhaps a few in birth
centres.

Women are eager to maintain control over their bodies and lives, especially
at a time of personal intimacy such as the birth of a baby. You did not
stay
for the presentation by Maternity Coalition, but I would encourage you to
read their submission. I wish you every success in your efforts as a
medical
reporter, that you will be objective, and present a true picture of the
issues you address.

Yours sincerely

Joy Johnston

:

  -Original Message-
  From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Sally Tracy
  Sent: Tuesday, 7 September 1999 9:55
  To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  Subject: Re: Senate Inquiry


  dear Joy
  many thanks for this briefing. I am going to represent AMAP on the 14th
Sept in Sydney. I need some feedback on two points.
a.. Does anybody have the latest reference for the spending on
ultrasound technology as part of the maternity budget? I have several
references but I want to be absolutely sure...they all look so
unbelievably high!
a.. what constitutes 'early discharge' in the majority of practices? I
have conflicting definitions to hand. And when 

RE: Senate Inquiry

1999-09-07 Thread Johnston

Dear Sally and all
I can't answer either of these questions.
The Age medical reporter Victoria Button got a piece about the Inquiry into
page 3 of today's paper (Tues).  She gave particular focus to Jane Fisher's
claims that caesareans are linked to an increased incidence in certain
psychological disorders, and that subsequent pregnancies  may reactivate the
condition.
The article reported that:
"The Australian College of Midwives called for a funding reform to allow
midwifery at all births."

I have written to Victoria Button with the following comment:

This is not incorrect - but it is probably confusing to many readers. I
will attempt to briefly explain why.

All (or almost all) women giving birth in Australia probably do have
midwifery care. The problem is that the woman (consumer) is not able, under
current funding arrangements, to choose a midwife. Very few women are
attended by a known midwife. The concept of partnership between each woman
and her known midwife is central to the woman centred philosophy of
midwifery. Birth is not an illness. A midwife is not a nurse.

Funding for both public and private midwifery care is available only through
hospitals - which are controlled by doctors who do not understand midwifery
care. Public funding for all births includes a 'medical' component, but the
midwifery care is treated as part of the service. Antenatal care is
frequently provided in the community by doctors, and the funding is through
Federal government Medicare. Most of these doctors do not have anything to
do with the birth. Those who are involved in the birth do so through the
private hospital system, and rely on midwives to attend their clients
through labour, and call them in time to catch the baby. Of course, if there
are complications, that specialist is called to provide expert care. However
there is evidence that the involvement of specialists as primary carers may
indeed be a factor in increasing the likelihood of medical intervention.
This is one of the main issues that the Senate committee is attempting to
address.

Ten years ago New Zealand changed from a system of hospital based maternity
funding, similar to ours, to a system over which the woman has choice and
control. The woman may choose a lead maternity carer, either a GP doctor, a
specialist obstetrician, or a midwife, and this is covered by government
funding. The committee was particularly interested in the changes in
maternity care in New Zealand. A recent report quoted in our submission,
Maternity Care Provider and Outcomes, NZCOM 1998, in which the perinatal
mortality rate (number of babies who die) for births under a midwife lead
maternity carer was 3.6/1000, compared with 11.5/1000 for GP/midwife shared,
and 14.9/1000 for OG/Midwife shared, was given a lot of attention. This
evidence suggests that it is extremely safe to choose midwifery care. The
only midwives in our country who work with a similar degree of independence
to our colleagues in NZ are homebirth midwives, and perhaps a few in birth
centres.

Women are eager to maintain control over their bodies and lives, especially
at a time of personal intimacy such as the birth of a baby. You did not stay
for the presentation by Maternity Coalition, but I would encourage you to
read their submission. I wish you every success in your efforts as a medical
reporter, that you will be objective, and present a true picture of the
issues you address.

Yours sincerely

Joy Johnston

:

  -Original Message-
  From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Sally Tracy
  Sent: Tuesday, 7 September 1999 9:55
  To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  Subject: Re: Senate Inquiry


  dear Joy
  many thanks for this briefing. I am going to represent AMAP on the 14th
Sept in Sydney. I need some feedback on two points.
a.. Does anybody have the latest reference for the spending on
ultrasound technology as part of the maternity budget? I have several
references but I want to be absolutely sure...they all look so
unbelievably high!
a.. what constitutes 'early discharge' in the majority of practices? I
have conflicting definitions to hand. And when is a woman eligible for
visits by a community midwife, after discharge from hospital?
  Many thanks in anticipation
  sally


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Re: senate inquiry in Melbourne

1999-09-03 Thread HomeMidwifery Association

Rob,( list)

We will be having our session in Brisbane before Melbourne and it struck me 
that it would be a good idea for us to exchange info so that we each pass 
the baton, so to speak, rather than repeat info previously provided about 
homebirth and midwifery models of care, and in that way, the senators can 
get a more complete picture.

The coordinated approach will take...coordination. We'll let you know how we 
go with our submission. Will you be in Byron next weekend?

I'm off to bed - just had a late night over at Kerry McGovern's place before 
she heads off back to the Solomons tomorrow. Always a laugh!

Marina


Original Message Follows
From: "Tony Payne" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-To: "Tony Payne" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: "Ozmidwifery" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: senate inquiry in Melbourne
Date: Fri, 3 Sep 1999 16:53:19 +1000

All Victorians - the Senate Committee is meeting in melb on Monday 6th, RWH, 
conference room 9 to 4.

Its open to the public, and would be a very good move politically to pack it 
out..




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Re: senate inquiry

1999-07-11 Thread CATHY AND NIGEL BOCK AND DUNCAN

Sally, How true your insightive comments are.  After seeing the pheonix
rise in England, all be it slowly, and not without many hiccups, there
followed a belief that maticulous hard work of both consumers/
families/clients and midwives could acheive or change anything.

The senate enquiry, which I have to admit , I missed the genesis of
theis discussion, appears to be a perfect oppurtunity to initiate
change and to enlighten and inform.

Would it be a good idea for a composite submission of evidence.  An
individual each being responsible for a facet of the submission?  In
that way exhaustative research could be performed and all resources
could be pooled.  Forgive me if someone has already suggested this. 

--- Sally Tracy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 dear list
 it is a good time to think about how effective every
 person can be when
 united in a single purpose. The document Changing
 Childbirth in the UK
 was only effective because a whole lot of energy,
 consumer ( National
 Chidbirth Trust UK), midwives and others  really
 pulled their 'fingers
 out' and submitted responses to the panel set up to
 make the  inquiry.
 The important thing is to meticulously reference
 everything..back up
 all claims with the best evidence you can
 muster...every bit of
 energy will help..it is daunting, and it is
 tiring, but it's worth
 it. Even if this inquiry ends up with a finding that
 there is an awful
 lot of unrest on the ground and no conclusions can
 be drawnthat's
 worth it.it's just one of the chances we
 have to grasp.don't
 forget the cardinal rule...reference everything
 --
 Sally Witten-Tracy
 Research Midwife
 Australian Midwifery Action Project
 Emu Bottom
 
 tel  Fax 61 2 47 390667
 email [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 
 

===
From Cathy Bock and Nigel Duncan.
at
BIRTHING HANDS (Homebirth, ante/post natal care and hospital support)
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: Senate Inquiry

1999-07-09 Thread CATHY AND NIGEL BOCK AND DUNCAN

kERRY how can we be a aprt of this.  Tell us how we can help.  I wanna
party!

your nigel and cathy


--- Kerry McGovern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Hi Di et al
 
 
 And for all the politicans who have attended the
 Financial Management
 Reform workshops run recently in Canberra, they will
 be very keen to know
 the outcome criteria you use and the outcome
 criteria women and seeking
 and the outcome criteria you can promise.
 
 
 Can someone please check who among the Senate
 Enquiry have attended???
 Phone the Clerk of the Parliament's office and ask.
 
 
 If all have attended, then they will want to know
 how much it will cost
 to implement this scheme. When you cost this, will
 you please cost in
 things like:
 
 i) homecare for every woman after giving birth for 6
 weeks?
 
 ii) cost of maintaining and enhancing the skills of
 specialists whose
 services women everywhere have come to expect???
 
 iii) the plan to market to the women that you are
 deliverying WHAT THEY
 ARE ASKING FOR
 
 iv) and the ultimate benefit in terms of industry,
 jobs and the
 environment.
 
 
 Then give them the performance criteria of the new
 service - and name it
 well. Maternity Services seems OK to me. But is it
 possible under the
 constitution for the federal government to consider
 deliverying maternity
 services. I think that's a state's right.
 
 
 So find the appropriate authority under which the
 commonwealth government
 can provide a solution.
 
 
 Tied funding isn't on the agenda any longer as
 Howard has promised
 state's clear funding with the GST money. Someone
 will have to find out
 what arguments will stand water in the new funding
 environment.
 
 
 Then...name the service the commonwealth has the
 power and the political
 will to provide. Give it VERY clear performance
 criteria. Think carefully
 about these. There must be one in terms of numbers
 or quanitity, one in
 terms of quality or outcomes for the women, one in
 terms of location and
 one in terms of cost.
 
 
 Then the service has to have a sexy name so the
 government can sell a
 recognisable product into the Australian
 market...and get the qudos for
 it.
 
 
 Then there has to be the existing management
 structure to actually
 deliver the product - to the specified performance
 criteria.
 
 
 If we set the performance criteria well (and this
 list is a good place to
 start, though many more would need to be involved)
 [don't kid yourself if
 you think we can pull this one off alone] then we
 can set the standard
 for maternity service delivery (or the service that
 the commonwealth CAN
 and WILL ) provide that best takes us along the path
 to the maternity
 services we want for ourselves.
 
 
 Then...hell, won't we have a great party!!
 
 
 'night all
 
 
 PS If you think I'm being humourous!  I'm Not. I
 really mean this. It can
 be done, and midwives havn't got the skills to do it
 alone.
 
 
 How are we going to respond to this enquiry???
 
 
 Cheers!
 
 
 Kerry
 
 
 At 07:28 PM 7/5/99 +1000, you wrote: 
 
 
 
 excerptsmallerHello Kathleen
 
 I am also of the opinion that we need to use this
 (senate inquiry) in a
 positive way and not be bitter and cynical about it.
 I hope that the
 committe will be truely overwhelmed with the deluge
 of information they
 will recieve and be forced to examine the incredible
 disparity (bad pun)
 of birthing services in this country. It will also
 serve to demonstrate
 the hard work that is going on all over the country
 by commited
 individuals who put women where they belong - at the
 centre of service
 provision, recognise birth for what it is - one of
 womens' most powerful
 life experiences, acknowlege the important and
 pivotal role midwives have
 in woman-centred service provision, and examine the
 path maternity care
 is on.
 
 /smaller  
 
 smallerWe need to use this carefully, and make
 sure that women benefit
 from the information which hopefully will be used to
 change things for
 the better. Hey! The millenium is around the corner
 - let us go into it
 with panache!  We are midwives - let's do it!!
 
 /smaller  
 
 smallerLynne Staff  
 
 /smaller
 
 /excerpt
 
 
 
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===
From Cathy Bock and Nigel Duncan.
at
BIRTHING HANDS (Homebirth, ante/post natal care and hospital support)
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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RE: Senate inquiry

1999-07-05 Thread Kathleen Fahy

When I have written my response I will post it on ozmidwifery.  I will do
this before sending it to the senate so I can benefit from your critique.
If there is a way we can improve or responses by being coordinated then I am
happy for that.

Dr. Kathleen Fahy
Associate Professor
Midwifery Co-ordinator
University Southern Queensland
07 46312377
[EMAIL PROTECTED]


-Original Message-
From: Heather Gulliver [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
Sent: Monday, July 05, 1999 11:50
To: sue
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Senate inquiry


Hi All,
Please note my post today re this Senate Inquiry  was written a couple
of days ago and I couldn't get on line at the time to send it off. Hence
it will seem somewhat ignorant now the informative posts have been
written. Thanks to those who have followed through and given the info on
the areas to be investigated and how (to whom) to make submissions.
Is there some way we could co-ordinate our responses??? I'll try and see
that the word is passed around to some consumer groups and our local
homebirth and ACMI branch is aware.
Once again do recognise my prior post was intended for the list some
days ago.
Cheers,
Heather.


sue wrote:

 Senate Community Affairs References Committee

 INQUIRY INTO CHILDBIRTH PROCEDURES

 The Senate has referred the following matter to the
 Senate Community
 Affairs References Committee for inquiry and report by
 30 December 1999.

 Childbirth procedures, with particular reference to:

 (a) the range and provision of antenatal care services
 to ascertain whether
 interventions can be minimised through the development
 of best practice in
 antenatal screening standards;

 (b) the variation in childbirth practices between
 different hospitals and
 different states particularly with respect to the
 level of interventions
 such as caesarean birth, episiotomy and epidural
 anaesthetics;

 (c) the variation in such procedures between public
 and private patients;

 (d) any variations in clinical outcomes associated
 with the variation in
 intervention rates, including peri-natal and maternal
 mortality and
 morbidity indicators;

 (e) the best practices for safe and effective births
 being demonstrated in
 particular locations and models of care and the
 desirability of more
 general application;

 (f) early discharge programs, to ensure their
 appropriateness;

 (g) the adequacy of access, choice, models of care and
 clinical outcomes
 for rural and remote Australians, for Aboriginal and
 Torres Strait Islander
 women and for women of non-English speaking
 backgrounds;

 (h) whether best practice guidelines are desirable,
 and, if so, how they
 should be developed and implemented;

 (i) the adequacy of information provided to expectant
 mothers and their
 families in relation to the choices for safe practice
 available to them;
 and

 (j) the impact of the new Medicare rebate provided for
 complex births,
 including the use of the term 'qualified and
 unqualified neonates' for
 funding purposes, and the impact that this has had on
 improved patient care
 and reduction of average gap payments.

 Written submissions are invited and should be
 addressed to:

 The Secretary
 Senate Community Affairs References Committee
 Suite S1 59
 Parliament House
 Canberra ACT 2600

 Closing date for the receipt of submissions is
 6 August 1999.

 For further details contact the Committee Secretary,
 Phone: (02) 6277 3515,
 Fax: (02) 6277 5829.

 E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

 Comments to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Last reviewed 30 June 1999
 © Commonwealth of Australia

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