Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Alvaro Herrera]

Robert Haas escribió:
 On Fri, Oct 19, 2012 at 11:52 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
  I agree with that such performance instrument needs to be
  improved if it has critical performance issue against
  production environment. So, I'm still looking for a better
  implementation to decrease performance impact.
 
 Frankly, I think the approach of simply providing an off switch is
 probably a good one.  I admit that it would be nice if we could run
 with instrumentation like this all the time - but until very fast
 time-lookups become ubiquitous, we can't
 
 Another architectural problem here is that I believe this will
 increase the size of the stats file, which I think is going to cause
 pain for some people.  I suspect that's going to be an issue even if
 we have an off switch.  I think somebody's going to have to figure
 out a way to split that file up somehow.

I am closing this patch as Returned with Feedback for now.  Hopefully a
version can be submitted for the next commitfest with the off switch,
but I am not sure about burdening the submitter with the responsibility
of splitting the stats file.

Regarding Tom's objection to the fundamental issue of providing lwlocks
data, I agree that maybe it's the wrong layer to be measuring to provide
data to DBAs, but not providing any data is worse, because then even PG
developers cannot know what are the real bottlenecks; and it's hard to
see what other layer we need to be measuring.  Maybe this can serve as a
foundation to discover useful things to provide in the future.

-- 
Álvaro Herrerahttp://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training  Services


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Tom Lane]

Alvaro Herrera alvhe...@2ndquadrant.com writes:
 Regarding Tom's objection to the fundamental issue of providing lwlocks
 data, I agree that maybe it's the wrong layer to be measuring to provide
 data to DBAs, but not providing any data is worse, because then even PG
 developers cannot know what are the real bottlenecks; and it's hard to
 see what other layer we need to be measuring.  Maybe this can serve as a
 foundation to discover useful things to provide in the future.

FWIW, I am not objecting to having the *ability* to collect such data.
I am questioning the usefulness/wisdom of having it turned on by
default, and I am also concerned about whether there is residual
overhead even when it's not turned on.

regards, tom lane


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

2012/10/19 4:36, Robert Haas wrote:

On Tue, Oct 16, 2012 at 11:31 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:

A flight-recorder must not be disabled. Collecting
performance data must be top priority for DBA.


This analogy is inapposite, though, because a flight recorder rarely
crashes the aircraft.  If it did, people might have second thoughts
about the never disable the flight recorder rule.  I have had a
couple of different excuses to look into the overhead of timing
lately, and it does indeed seem that on many modern Linux boxes even
extremely frequent gettimeofday calls produce only very modest amounts
of overhead.


I agree with that such performance instrument needs to be
improved if it has critical performance issue against
production environment. So, I'm still looking for a better
implementation to decrease performance impact.

However, the most important question here is that How can
we understand postgresql behavior without looking into
tons of source code and hacking skill?

Recently, I've been having lots of conversation with
database specialists (sales guys and DBAs) trying to use
PostgreSQL instead of a commercial database, and they are
always struggling with understand PostgreSQL behavior,
because no one can observe and/or tell that.


 Sadly, the situation on Windows doesn't look so good.  I
don't remember the exact numbers but I think it was something like 40
or 60 or 80 times slower on the Windows box one of my colleagues
tested than it is on Linux.  And it turns out that that overhead
really is measurable and does matter if you do it in a code path that
gets run frequently.  Of course I am enough of a Linux geek that I
don't use Windows myself and curse my fate when I do have to use it,
but the reality is that we have a huge base of users who only use
PostgreSQL at all because it runs on Windows, and we can't just throw
those people under the bus.  I think that older platforms like HP/UX
likely have problems in this area as well although I confess to not
having tested.


Do you mean my stat patch should have more performance test
on the other platforms? Yes, I agree with that.


That having been said, if we're going to do this, this is probably the
right approach, because it only calls gettimeofday() in the case where
the lock acquisition is contended, and that is a lot cheaper than
calling it in all cases.  Maybe it's worth finding a platform where
pg_test_timing reports that timing is very slow and then measuring how
much impact this has on something like a pgbench or pgbench -S
workload.  We might find that it is in fact negligible.  I'm pretty
certain that it will be almost if not entirely negligible on Linux but
that's not really the case we need to worry about.


Thanks for a suggestion for a better implementation.
As I mentioned above, I'm always looking for a better idea
and solution to meet our purpose.

Here, I want to share my concern with you again.
PostgreSQL is getting more complicated in order to improve
performance and stability, and I think it may be a good news.
But also getting more difficult to understand without deep
knowledge nowadays, and that would be some bad news actually.

From my point of view, that's a huge hurdle to educate DBAs
and expand PostgreSQL user base.

Regards,
--
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

2012/10/19 23:48, Fujii Masao wrote:

On Wed, Oct 17, 2012 at 12:31 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:

2012/10/16 2:40, Jeff Janes wrote:


On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 9:43 AM, Tom Lane t...@sss.pgh.pa.us wrote:


Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:


(2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:


The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage,
e.g.,
by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.




Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.



This brings up a question that I don't think has been honestly
considered, which is exactly whom a feature like this is targeted at.
TBH I think it's of about zero use to DBAs (making the above argument
bogus).  It is potentially of use to developers, but a DBA is unlikely
to be able to do anything about lwlock-level contention even if he has
the knowledge to interpret the data.



Waiting on BufFreelistLock suggests increasing shared_buffers.

Waiting on ProcArrayLock perhaps suggests use of a connection pooler
(or does it?)

WALWriteLock suggests doing something about IO, either moving logs to
different disks, or getting BBU, or something.

WALInsertLock suggests trying to adapt your data loading process so it
can take advantage of the bulk, or maybe increasing wal_buffers.

And a lot of waiting on any of the locks gives a piece of information
the DBA can use when asking the mailing lists for help, even if it
doesn't allow him to take unilateral action.


So I feel it isn't something that should be turned on in production
builds.  I'd vote for enabling it by a non-default configure option,
and making sure that it doesn't introduce any overhead when the option
is off.



I think hackers would benefit from getting reports from DBAs in the
field with concrete data on bottlenecks.

If the only way to get this is to do some non-standard compile and
deploy it to production, or to create a benchmarking copy of the
production database system including a realistic work-load driver and
run the non-standard compile there; either of those is going to
dramatically cut down on the participation.



Agreed.

The hardest thing to investigate performance issue is
reproducing a situation in the different environment
from the production environment.

I often see people struggling to reproduce a situation
with different hardware and (similar but) different
workload. It is very time consuming, and also it often
fails.

So, we need to collect any piece of information, which
would help us to understand what's going on within
the production PostgreSQL, without any changes of
binaries and configurations in the production environment.

That's the reason why I stick to a built-in instrument,
and I disagree to disable such instrument even if it has
minor performance overhead.

A flight-recorder must not be disabled. Collecting
performance data must be top priority for DBA.


pg_stat_lwlocks seems not adequate 'flight-recorder'. It collects
only narrow performance data concerning lwlock. What we should
have as 'flight-recorder' is something like Oracle wait event, I think.
Not only lwlocks but also all of wait events should be collected for
DBA to investigate the performance bottleneck.


That's the reason why I said I accept that it's not enough
for DBA, and I'm going to work on another lock stats.


This idea was
proposed by Itagaki-san before. Though he implemented the
sampling-profiler patch, it failed to be committed. I'm not sure why
not.


Yeah, I know the previous patch posted by Itagaki-san.
So, I'm questioning why (again) for this time.
I think this is very important question because it would
be critical in order to involve new DBAs to PostgreSQL.


Anyway, I think that this would be more right approach to
provide the 'flight-recorder' to DBA.


Ok, I guess we have reached the consensus to have
some flight-recorder. Right?

Actually, it seems a great progress from my point of view. :)

Regards,
--
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Tom Lane]

Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:
 Ok, I guess we have reached the consensus to have
 some flight-recorder. Right?

I remain unconvinced.  I think the argument that this will promote
novice understanding is complete hogwash: making any sense of
lwlock-level stats will require deep PG understanding, not create it.
And despite Jeff's optimistic views upthread, I don't think very many
people have or will acquire such understanding.  So I'm really resistant
to accepting even minimal overhead in pursuit of this goal --- and I
do not believe the overhead will be minimal, either.

regards, tom lane


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Robert Haas]

On Fri, Oct 19, 2012 at 11:52 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
 I agree with that such performance instrument needs to be
 improved if it has critical performance issue against
 production environment. So, I'm still looking for a better
 implementation to decrease performance impact.

Frankly, I think the approach of simply providing an off switch is
probably a good one.  I admit that it would be nice if we could run
with instrumentation like this all the time - but until very fast
time-lookups become ubiquitous, we can't

Another architectural problem here is that I believe this will
increase the size of the stats file, which I think is going to cause
pain for some people.  I suspect that's going to be an issue even if
we have an off switch.  I think somebody's going to have to figure
out a way to split that file up somehow.

 However, the most important question here is that How can
 we understand postgresql behavior without looking into
 tons of source code and hacking skill?

 Recently, I've been having lots of conversation with
 database specialists (sales guys and DBAs) trying to use
 PostgreSQL instead of a commercial database, and they are
 always struggling with understand PostgreSQL behavior,
 because no one can observe and/or tell that.

Agreed.

  Sadly, the situation on Windows doesn't look so good.  I
 don't remember the exact numbers but I think it was something like 40
 or 60 or 80 times slower on the Windows box one of my colleagues
 tested than it is on Linux.  And it turns out that that overhead
 really is measurable and does matter if you do it in a code path that
 gets run frequently.  Of course I am enough of a Linux geek that I
 don't use Windows myself and curse my fate when I do have to use it,
 but the reality is that we have a huge base of users who only use
 PostgreSQL at all because it runs on Windows, and we can't just throw
 those people under the bus.  I think that older platforms like HP/UX
 likely have problems in this area as well although I confess to not
 having tested.

 Do you mean my stat patch should have more performance test
 on the other platforms? Yes, I agree with that.

Yes.

 That having been said, if we're going to do this, this is probably the
 right approach, because it only calls gettimeofday() in the case where
 the lock acquisition is contended, and that is a lot cheaper than
 calling it in all cases.  Maybe it's worth finding a platform where
 pg_test_timing reports that timing is very slow and then measuring how
 much impact this has on something like a pgbench or pgbench -S
 workload.  We might find that it is in fact negligible.  I'm pretty
 certain that it will be almost if not entirely negligible on Linux but
 that's not really the case we need to worry about.

 Thanks for a suggestion for a better implementation.
 As I mentioned above, I'm always looking for a better idea
 and solution to meet our purpose.

Actually, I meant that your existing implementation seemed to be
making some good decisions.

 Here, I want to share my concern with you again.
 PostgreSQL is getting more complicated in order to improve
 performance and stability, and I think it may be a good news.
 But also getting more difficult to understand without deep
 knowledge nowadays, and that would be some bad news actually.

 From my point of view, that's a huge hurdle to educate DBAs
 and expand PostgreSQL user base.

Yes, there is definitely more work to be done, here.

-- 
Robert Haas
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

2012/10/20 2:45, Tom Lane wrote:
 Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:
 Ok, I guess we have reached the consensus to have
 some flight-recorder. Right?
 
 I remain unconvinced.  I think the argument that this will promote
 novice understanding is complete hogwash: making any sense of
 lwlock-level stats will require deep PG understanding, not create it.
 And despite Jeff's optimistic views upthread, I don't think very many
 people have or will acquire such understanding.  So I'm really resistant
 to accepting even minimal overhead in pursuit of this goal --- and I
 do not believe the overhead will be minimal, either.

As I wrote some, I'm actually not pushing lwlock stat itself
in this context, I still believe it would be useful though.
(I don't think it would be hogwash, because I needed it.)

I'm just thinking of how to help DBA understand PostgreSQL behavior
without deep dive into the code when he/she faces some kind of
performance issue, and also how to make it easier to help newbies
by PG experts, including tech support people.

As I posted before, I did an investigation on WAL performance when
I faced with random commit delays, and I found some problem on the
storage device by observing WALInsertLock and WALWriteLock statistic
with using SystemTap.

How could I do that without SystemTap on the production database?
SystemTap would kill performance (more than my patch), and sometimes
process, too.

Do you really think that we do not need any kind of lock statistic
anymore?

Regards,
-- 
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Fujii Masao]

On Sat, Oct 20, 2012 at 1:03 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
 2012/10/19 23:48, Fujii Masao wrote:

 On Wed, Oct 17, 2012 at 12:31 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
 wrote:

 2012/10/16 2:40, Jeff Janes wrote:


 On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 9:43 AM, Tom Lane t...@sss.pgh.pa.us wrote:


 Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:


 (2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:


 The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
 overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
 prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not
 available.
 It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage,
 e.g.,
 by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.



 Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
 instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
 the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.



 This brings up a question that I don't think has been honestly
 considered, which is exactly whom a feature like this is targeted at.
 TBH I think it's of about zero use to DBAs (making the above argument
 bogus).  It is potentially of use to developers, but a DBA is unlikely
 to be able to do anything about lwlock-level contention even if he has
 the knowledge to interpret the data.



 Waiting on BufFreelistLock suggests increasing shared_buffers.

 Waiting on ProcArrayLock perhaps suggests use of a connection pooler
 (or does it?)

 WALWriteLock suggests doing something about IO, either moving logs to
 different disks, or getting BBU, or something.

 WALInsertLock suggests trying to adapt your data loading process so it
 can take advantage of the bulk, or maybe increasing wal_buffers.

 And a lot of waiting on any of the locks gives a piece of information
 the DBA can use when asking the mailing lists for help, even if it
 doesn't allow him to take unilateral action.

 So I feel it isn't something that should be turned on in production
 builds.  I'd vote for enabling it by a non-default configure option,
 and making sure that it doesn't introduce any overhead when the option
 is off.



 I think hackers would benefit from getting reports from DBAs in the
 field with concrete data on bottlenecks.

 If the only way to get this is to do some non-standard compile and
 deploy it to production, or to create a benchmarking copy of the
 production database system including a realistic work-load driver and
 run the non-standard compile there; either of those is going to
 dramatically cut down on the participation.



 Agreed.

 The hardest thing to investigate performance issue is
 reproducing a situation in the different environment
 from the production environment.

 I often see people struggling to reproduce a situation
 with different hardware and (similar but) different
 workload. It is very time consuming, and also it often
 fails.

 So, we need to collect any piece of information, which
 would help us to understand what's going on within
 the production PostgreSQL, without any changes of
 binaries and configurations in the production environment.

 That's the reason why I stick to a built-in instrument,
 and I disagree to disable such instrument even if it has
 minor performance overhead.

 A flight-recorder must not be disabled. Collecting
 performance data must be top priority for DBA.


 pg_stat_lwlocks seems not adequate 'flight-recorder'. It collects
 only narrow performance data concerning lwlock. What we should
 have as 'flight-recorder' is something like Oracle wait event, I think.
 Not only lwlocks but also all of wait events should be collected for
 DBA to investigate the performance bottleneck.


 That's the reason why I said I accept that it's not enough
 for DBA, and I'm going to work on another lock stats.


 This idea was
 proposed by Itagaki-san before. Though he implemented the
 sampling-profiler patch, it failed to be committed. I'm not sure why
 not.


 Yeah, I know the previous patch posted by Itagaki-san.
 So, I'm questioning why (again) for this time.
 I think this is very important question because it would
 be critical in order to involve new DBAs to PostgreSQL.


 Anyway, I think that this would be more right approach to
 provide the 'flight-recorder' to DBA.


 Ok, I guess we have reached the consensus to have
 some flight-recorder. Right?

Yes, at least I agree to add that. But whatever is added, if it may
have any impact on the performance, on-off switch must be required.
Also the default value of the switch should be off until we'll have
implemented the low-overhead instrument and agreed to enable it
by default.

Regards,

-- 
Fujii Masao


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Robert Haas]

On Tue, Oct 16, 2012 at 11:31 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
 A flight-recorder must not be disabled. Collecting
 performance data must be top priority for DBA.

This analogy is inapposite, though, because a flight recorder rarely
crashes the aircraft.  If it did, people might have second thoughts
about the never disable the flight recorder rule.  I have had a
couple of different excuses to look into the overhead of timing
lately, and it does indeed seem that on many modern Linux boxes even
extremely frequent gettimeofday calls produce only very modest amounts
of overhead.  Sadly, the situation on Windows doesn't look so good.  I
don't remember the exact numbers but I think it was something like 40
or 60 or 80 times slower on the Windows box one of my colleagues
tested than it is on Linux.  And it turns out that that overhead
really is measurable and does matter if you do it in a code path that
gets run frequently.  Of course I am enough of a Linux geek that I
don't use Windows myself and curse my fate when I do have to use it,
but the reality is that we have a huge base of users who only use
PostgreSQL at all because it runs on Windows, and we can't just throw
those people under the bus.  I think that older platforms like HP/UX
likely have problems in this area as well although I confess to not
having tested.

That having been said, if we're going to do this, this is probably the
right approach, because it only calls gettimeofday() in the case where
the lock acquisition is contended, and that is a lot cheaper than
calling it in all cases.  Maybe it's worth finding a platform where
pg_test_timing reports that timing is very slow and then measuring how
much impact this has on something like a pgbench or pgbench -S
workload.  We might find that it is in fact negligible.  I'm pretty
certain that it will be almost if not entirely negligible on Linux but
that's not really the case we need to worry about.

-- 
Robert Haas
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Ants Aasma]

On Thu, Oct 18, 2012 at 10:36 PM, Robert Haas robertmh...@gmail.com wrote:
 Sadly, the situation on Windows doesn't look so good.  I
 don't remember the exact numbers but I think it was something like 40
 or 60 or 80 times slower on the Windows box one of my colleagues
 tested than it is on Linux.

Do you happen to know the hardware and Windows version? Windows
QueryPerformanceCounter that instr_time.h uses should use RDTSC based
timing when the hardware can support it, just like Linux. I don't know
if Windows can avoid syscall overhead though.

 Maybe it's worth finding a platform where
 pg_test_timing reports that timing is very slow and then measuring how
 much impact this has on something like a pgbench or pgbench -S
 workload.

This can easily be tested on Linux by changing to the hpet or acpi_pm
clocksource. There probably still are platforms that can do worse than
this, but probably not by orders of magnitude.

Regards,
Ants Aasma
-- 
Cybertec Schönig  Schönig GmbH
Gröhrmühlgasse 26
A-2700 Wiener Neustadt
Web: http://www.postgresql-support.de


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

2012/10/16 2:40, Jeff Janes wrote:

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 9:43 AM, Tom Lane t...@sss.pgh.pa.us wrote:

Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:

(2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:

The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage, e.g.,
by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.



Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.


This brings up a question that I don't think has been honestly
considered, which is exactly whom a feature like this is targeted at.
TBH I think it's of about zero use to DBAs (making the above argument
bogus).  It is potentially of use to developers, but a DBA is unlikely
to be able to do anything about lwlock-level contention even if he has
the knowledge to interpret the data.


Waiting on BufFreelistLock suggests increasing shared_buffers.

Waiting on ProcArrayLock perhaps suggests use of a connection pooler
(or does it?)

WALWriteLock suggests doing something about IO, either moving logs to
different disks, or getting BBU, or something.

WALInsertLock suggests trying to adapt your data loading process so it
can take advantage of the bulk, or maybe increasing wal_buffers.

And a lot of waiting on any of the locks gives a piece of information
the DBA can use when asking the mailing lists for help, even if it
doesn't allow him to take unilateral action.


So I feel it isn't something that should be turned on in production
builds.  I'd vote for enabling it by a non-default configure option,
and making sure that it doesn't introduce any overhead when the option
is off.


I think hackers would benefit from getting reports from DBAs in the
field with concrete data on bottlenecks.

If the only way to get this is to do some non-standard compile and
deploy it to production, or to create a benchmarking copy of the
production database system including a realistic work-load driver and
run the non-standard compile there; either of those is going to
dramatically cut down on the participation.


Agreed.

The hardest thing to investigate performance issue is
reproducing a situation in the different environment
from the production environment.

I often see people struggling to reproduce a situation
with different hardware and (similar but) different
workload. It is very time consuming, and also it often
fails.

So, we need to collect any piece of information, which
would help us to understand what's going on within
the production PostgreSQL, without any changes of
binaries and configurations in the production environment.

That's the reason why I stick to a built-in instrument,
and I disagree to disable such instrument even if it has
minor performance overhead.

A flight-recorder must not be disabled. Collecting
performance data must be top priority for DBA.

Regards,



Cheers,

Jeff




--
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

2012/10/15 1:43, Tom Lane wrote:
 Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:
 (2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:
 The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
 overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
 prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
 It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage, e.g.,
 by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.
 
 Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
 instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
 the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.
 
 This brings up a question that I don't think has been honestly
 considered, which is exactly whom a feature like this is targeted at.
 TBH I think it's of about zero use to DBAs (making the above argument
 bogus).  It is potentially of use to developers, but a DBA is unlikely
 to be able to do anything about lwlock-level contention even if he has
 the knowledge to interpret the data.

Actually, I'm not a developer. I'm just a DBA, and I needed such
instrument when I was asked to investigate storange WAL behavior
that produced unexpected/random commit delays under heavy workload.

And another patch (WAL dirty flush statistic patch) I have submitted
is coming from the same reason.

https://commitfest.postgresql.org/action/patch_view?id=893

Unfortunately, since I didn't have such instrument at that time,
I used SystemTap to investigate WAL behaviors, including calls and
waited time, but using SystemTap was really awful, and I thought
PostgreSQL needs to have some built-in instrument for DBA.

I needed to determine the bottleneck around WAL, such as lock contension
and/or write performance of the device, but I couldn't find anything
without an instrument.

I accept that I'm focusing on only WAL related lwlocks, and it is not
enough for ordinally DBAs, but I still need it to understand PostgreSQL
behavior without having deep knowledge and experience on WAL design and
implementation.

 So I feel it isn't something that should be turned on in production
 builds.  I'd vote for enabling it by a non-default configure option,
 and making sure that it doesn't introduce any overhead when the option
 is off.

There is another option to eliminate performance overhead for this
purpose.

As I tried in the first patch, instead of reporting through pgstat
collector process, each backend could directly increment lwlock
counters allocated in the shared memory.

http://archives.postgresql.org/message-id/4fe9a6f5.2080...@uptime.jp

Here are another benchmark results, including my first patch.

[HEAD]
number of transactions actually processed: 3439971
tps = 57331.891602 (including connections establishing)
tps = 57340.932324 (excluding connections establishing)

[My first patch]
number of transactions actually processed: 3453745
tps = 57562.196971 (including connections establishing)
tps = 57569.197838 (excluding connections establishing)

Actually, I'm not sure why my patch makes PostgreSQL faster, :D
but the performance seems better than my second patch.

I think it still needs some trick to keep counters in pgstat.stat
over restarting, but it would be more acceptable in terms of
performance overhead.

Regards,
-- 
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Jeff Janes]

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 9:43 AM, Tom Lane t...@sss.pgh.pa.us wrote:
 Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:
 (2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:
 The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
 overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
 prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
 It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage, e.g.,
 by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.

 Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
 instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
 the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.

 This brings up a question that I don't think has been honestly
 considered, which is exactly whom a feature like this is targeted at.
 TBH I think it's of about zero use to DBAs (making the above argument
 bogus).  It is potentially of use to developers, but a DBA is unlikely
 to be able to do anything about lwlock-level contention even if he has
 the knowledge to interpret the data.

Waiting on BufFreelistLock suggests increasing shared_buffers.

Waiting on ProcArrayLock perhaps suggests use of a connection pooler
(or does it?)

WALWriteLock suggests doing something about IO, either moving logs to
different disks, or getting BBU, or something.

WALInsertLock suggests trying to adapt your data loading process so it
can take advantage of the bulk, or maybe increasing wal_buffers.

And a lot of waiting on any of the locks gives a piece of information
the DBA can use when asking the mailing lists for help, even if it
doesn't allow him to take unilateral action.

 So I feel it isn't something that should be turned on in production
 builds.  I'd vote for enabling it by a non-default configure option,
 and making sure that it doesn't introduce any overhead when the option
 is off.

I think hackers would benefit from getting reports from DBAs in the
field with concrete data on bottlenecks.

If the only way to get this is to do some non-standard compile and
deploy it to production, or to create a benchmarking copy of the
production database system including a realistic work-load driver and
run the non-standard compile there; either of those is going to
dramatically cut down on the participation.

Cheers,

Jeff


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

(2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:

HEAD

number of transactions actually processed: 3439971
tps = 57331.891602 (including connections establishing)
tps = 57340.932324 (excluding connections establishing)

snip

pg_stat_lwlocks patch (reporting disabled)
==
number of transactions actually processed: 3429370
tps = 57155.286475 (including connections establishing)
tps = 57163.996943 (excluding connections establishing)

So, I think some additional hack to reduce reporting is needed.
Would it be acceptable in terms of the performance?


The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage, e.g.,
by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.


Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.

But it's ok to add a parameter to switch enable/disable it.
Any other comments?


 Another comment is; local_calls/waits/time_ms are really required?
 I'm not sure how those info would help the performance debugging.



I think there are some needs to observe/determine how your test
query is affected by the other workload from the other sessions.
So, splitting local and shared statistics would be nice to have.
Just my thought though.


What I don't like is that a session can see only local stats of its own
session. It's hard to monitor local stats. Imagine the case where you'd
like to monitor local stats of each pgbench session. To monitor such
stats, you need to modify pgbench so that its each session monitors
its own local stats. Even if you run a monitoring software, it cannot
collect those stats because they don't belong to the session that it uses.


Ok. I'm waiting more comments from others.
Dropping it is easy for me, but any other comments? Josh?

Regards,



Regards,




--
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Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Fujii Masao]

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 7:52 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
 (2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:

 On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
 wrote:

 HEAD
 
 number of transactions actually processed: 3439971
 tps = 57331.891602 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 57340.932324 (excluding connections establishing)

 snip

 pg_stat_lwlocks patch (reporting disabled)
 ==
 number of transactions actually processed: 3429370
 tps = 57155.286475 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 57163.996943 (excluding connections establishing)

 So, I think some additional hack to reduce reporting is needed.
 Would it be acceptable in terms of the performance?


 The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
 overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
 prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
 It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage, e.g.,
 by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.


 Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
 instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
 the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.

 But it's ok to add a parameter to switch enable/disable it.
 Any other comments?

I thought that pg_stat_lwlocks would be mostly used for the debugging
purpose. IOW most users would disable that in production system. But,
if you think it should be enabled even in production system and most
users would usually improve performance by using that view, I think that
you need to reconsider the lwlockid in pg_stat_lwlocks view. It's hard
to understand what kind of lwlock each lwlockid indicates. Which means
that it's hard for most user to investigate something from current
pg_stat_lwlocks. You might need to expose the lwlock name and its
short description

  Another comment is; local_calls/waits/time_ms are really required?
  I'm not sure how those info would help the performance debugging.



 I think there are some needs to observe/determine how your test
 query is affected by the other workload from the other sessions.
 So, splitting local and shared statistics would be nice to have.
 Just my thought though.


 What I don't like is that a session can see only local stats of its own
 session. It's hard to monitor local stats. Imagine the case where you'd
 like to monitor local stats of each pgbench session. To monitor such
 stats, you need to modify pgbench so that its each session monitors
 its own local stats. Even if you run a monitoring software, it cannot
 collect those stats because they don't belong to the session that it uses.


 Ok. I'm waiting more comments from others.
 Dropping it is easy for me, but any other comments? Josh?

What I was thinking useful is to make the stats collector collect also local
stats and report them for each backend ID or distinct query (e.g., adding
such stats into pg_stat_statements, though this would not be good idea).
Which enables every session to see any local stats.

Regards,

-- 
Fujii Masao


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Tom Lane]

Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp writes:
 (2012/10/14 13:26), Fujii Masao wrote:
 The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
 overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
 prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
 It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage, e.g.,
 by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.

 Frankly speaking, I do not agree with disabling performance
 instrument to improve performance. DBA must *always* monitor
 the performance metrix when having such heavy workload.

This brings up a question that I don't think has been honestly
considered, which is exactly whom a feature like this is targeted at.
TBH I think it's of about zero use to DBAs (making the above argument
bogus).  It is potentially of use to developers, but a DBA is unlikely
to be able to do anything about lwlock-level contention even if he has
the knowledge to interpret the data.

So I feel it isn't something that should be turned on in production
builds.  I'd vote for enabling it by a non-default configure option,
and making sure that it doesn't introduce any overhead when the option
is off.

regards, tom lane


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[HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

Hi all,

I have fixed my previous patch for pg_stat_lwlocks view, and
as Josh commented, it now supports local and global (shared)
statistics in the same system view.

Local statistics means the counters are only effective in the
same session, and shared ones means the counters are shared within
the entire cluster.

Also the global statistics would be collected via pgstat collector
process like other statistics do.

Now, the global statistics struct has been splitted into two parts
for different use, for bgwriter stats and lwlock stats.

Therefore, calling pg_stat_reset_shared('bgwriter') or
pg_stat_reset_shared('lwlocks') would reset dedicated struct,
not entire PgStat_GlobalStats.

Comments and review are always welcome.

Regards,

--
postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_stat_lwlocks;
 lwlockid | local_calls | local_waits | local_time_ms | shared_calls |
shared_waits | shared_time_ms
--+-+-+---+--+--+
0 |   0 |   0 | 0 | 4268 |
  0 |  0
1 |  43 |   0 | 0 |  387 |
  0 |  0
2 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   19 |
  0 |  0
3 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   28 |
  0 |  0
4 |   3 |   0 | 0 |  315 |
  0 |  0
5 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   24 |
  0 |  0
6 |   1 |   0 | 0 |   76 |
  0 |  0
7 |   0 |   0 | 0 |16919 |
  0 |  0
8 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
9 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   10 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   11 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   75 |
  0 |  0
   12 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   13 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   14 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   15 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   16 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   17 |   0 |   0 | 0 |61451 |
  6 |  0
   18 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   19 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   20 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   21 |   1 |   0 | 0 |9 |
  0 |  0
   22 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   23 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   24 |   0 |   0 | 0 |1 |
  0 |  0
   25 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   26 |   2 |   0 | 0 |   18 |
  0 |  0
   27 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   28 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   29 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   30 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   31 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   32 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
   33 |   4 |   0 | 0 |   207953 |
  0 |  0
   50 |   8 |   0 | 0 |33388 |
  0 |  0
   67 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
  0 |  0
(36 rows)

postgres=#
--


2012/06/26 21:11, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
 Hi all,
 
 I've modified the pg_stat_lwlocks patch to be able to work with
 the latest PostgreSQL Git code.
 
 This patch provides:
pg_stat_lwlocks   New system view to 

Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

Hi,

2012/10/13 23:05, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
 Hi all,
 
 I have fixed my previous patch for pg_stat_lwlocks view, and
 as Josh commented, it now supports local and global (shared)
 statistics in the same system view.

Sorry, I found my mistakes. New fixed one is attached to this mail.

Regards,

 
 Local statistics means the counters are only effective in the
 same session, and shared ones means the counters are shared within
 the entire cluster.
 
 Also the global statistics would be collected via pgstat collector
 process like other statistics do.
 
 Now, the global statistics struct has been splitted into two parts
 for different use, for bgwriter stats and lwlock stats.
 
 Therefore, calling pg_stat_reset_shared('bgwriter') or
 pg_stat_reset_shared('lwlocks') would reset dedicated struct,
 not entire PgStat_GlobalStats.
 
 Comments and review are always welcome.
 
 Regards,
 
 --
 postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_stat_lwlocks;
   lwlockid | local_calls | local_waits | local_time_ms | shared_calls |
 shared_waits | shared_time_ms
 --+-+-+---+--+--+
  0 |   0 |   0 | 0 | 4268 |
0 |  0
  1 |  43 |   0 | 0 |  387 |
0 |  0
  2 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   19 |
0 |  0
  3 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   28 |
0 |  0
  4 |   3 |   0 | 0 |  315 |
0 |  0
  5 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   24 |
0 |  0
  6 |   1 |   0 | 0 |   76 |
0 |  0
  7 |   0 |   0 | 0 |16919 |
0 |  0
  8 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
  9 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 10 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 11 |   0 |   0 | 0 |   75 |
0 |  0
 12 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 13 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 14 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 15 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 16 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 17 |   0 |   0 | 0 |61451 |
6 |  0
 18 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 19 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 20 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 21 |   1 |   0 | 0 |9 |
0 |  0
 22 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 23 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 24 |   0 |   0 | 0 |1 |
0 |  0
 25 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 26 |   2 |   0 | 0 |   18 |
0 |  0
 27 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 28 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 29 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 30 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 31 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 32 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 33 |   4 |   0 | 0 |   207953 |
0 |  0
 50 |   8 |   0 | 0 |33388 |
0 |  0
 67 |   0 |   0 | 0 |0 |
0 |  0
 (36 rows)
 
 postgres=#
 

Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Fujii Masao]

On Sat, Oct 13, 2012 at 11:34 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
 Hi,

 2012/10/13 23:05, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
 Hi all,

 I have fixed my previous patch for pg_stat_lwlocks view, and
 as Josh commented, it now supports local and global (shared)
 statistics in the same system view.

 Sorry, I found my mistakes. New fixed one is attached to this mail.

Thanks for revising the patch. Here are the comments:

The document needs to be updated.

The patch caused the following compile warnings in my machine.

pgstat.c:1357: warning: no previous prototype for 'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
postgres.c:3922: warning: implicit declaration of function
'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
pgstatfuncs.c:1854: warning: no previous prototype for 'pg_stat_reset_lwlocks'

In my test, this patch caused the measurable performance overhead.
I created the test database by pgbench -s10 and ran pgbench -c8 -j8 -T60 -S.
Results are:

[HEAD]
number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

[PATCH]
number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

So I think that tracking lwlock usage should be enabled only when
trace_lwlocks is enabled, so that a user who is not interested in
lwlock usage can avoid such performance overhead.

As far as I read the patch, only lwlock usage by backends is collected.
Why aren't the lwlock usages by autovacuum worker and auxiliary
processes collected?

Regards,

-- 
Fujii Masao


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Fujii Masao]

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 3:34 AM, Fujii Masao masao.fu...@gmail.com wrote:
 On Sat, Oct 13, 2012 at 11:34 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
 Hi,

 2012/10/13 23:05, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
 Hi all,

 I have fixed my previous patch for pg_stat_lwlocks view, and
 as Josh commented, it now supports local and global (shared)
 statistics in the same system view.

 Sorry, I found my mistakes. New fixed one is attached to this mail.

 Thanks for revising the patch. Here are the comments:

 The document needs to be updated.

 The patch caused the following compile warnings in my machine.

 pgstat.c:1357: warning: no previous prototype for 'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
 postgres.c:3922: warning: implicit declaration of function
 'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
 pgstatfuncs.c:1854: warning: no previous prototype for 'pg_stat_reset_lwlocks'

 In my test, this patch caused the measurable performance overhead.
 I created the test database by pgbench -s10 and ran pgbench -c8 -j8 -T60 -S.
 Results are:

 [HEAD]
 number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
 tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

 [PATCH]
 number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
 tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

Oops! Obviously I copied and pasted the test result wrongly...
Here is the right result.

[HEAD]
number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

[PATCH]
number of transactions actually processed: 1092400
tps = 18179.498013 (including connections establishing)
tps = 18182.450824 (excluding connections establishing)

Another comment is; local_calls/waits/time_ms are really required?
I'm not sure how those info would help the performance debugging.

Regards,

-- 
Fujii Masao


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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Michael Paquier]

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 6:00 AM, Fujii Masao masao.fu...@gmail.com wrote:

 On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 3:34 AM, Fujii Masao masao.fu...@gmail.com
 wrote:
  On Sat, Oct 13, 2012 at 11:34 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
 wrote:
  Hi,
 
  2012/10/13 23:05, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
  Hi all,
 
  I have fixed my previous patch for pg_stat_lwlocks view, and
  as Josh commented, it now supports local and global (shared)
  statistics in the same system view.
 
  Sorry, I found my mistakes. New fixed one is attached to this mail.
 
  Thanks for revising the patch. Here are the comments:
 
  The document needs to be updated.
 
  The patch caused the following compile warnings in my machine.
 
  pgstat.c:1357: warning: no previous prototype for
 'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
  postgres.c:3922: warning: implicit declaration of function
  'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
  pgstatfuncs.c:1854: warning: no previous prototype for
 'pg_stat_reset_lwlocks'
 
  In my test, this patch caused the measurable performance overhead.
  I created the test database by pgbench -s10 and ran pgbench -c8 -j8 -T60
 -S.
  Results are:
 
  [HEAD]
  number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
  tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
  tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)
 
  [PATCH]
  number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
  tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
  tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

 Oops! Obviously I copied and pasted the test result wrongly...
 Here is the right result.

 [HEAD]
 number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
 tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

 [PATCH]
 number of transactions actually processed: 1092400
 tps = 18179.498013 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 18182.450824 (excluding connections establishing)

Performance difference is due to only the mutex lock taken?




 Another comment is; local_calls/waits/time_ms are really required?
 I'm not sure how those info would help the performance debugging.

 Regards,

 --
 Fujii Masao


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-- 
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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

Thanks for the review.

2012/10/14 8:55, Michael Paquier wrote:



On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 6:00 AM, Fujii Masao masao.fu...@gmail.com
mailto:masao.fu...@gmail.com wrote:

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 3:34 AM, Fujii Masao masao.fu...@gmail.com
mailto:masao.fu...@gmail.com wrote:
  On Sat, Oct 13, 2012 at 11:34 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu
sn...@uptime.jp mailto:sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
  Hi,
 
  2012/10/13 23:05, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
  Hi all,
 
  I have fixed my previous patch for pg_stat_lwlocks view, and
  as Josh commented, it now supports local and global (shared)
  statistics in the same system view.
 
  Sorry, I found my mistakes. New fixed one is attached to this mail.
 
  Thanks for revising the patch. Here are the comments:
 
  The document needs to be updated.
 
  The patch caused the following compile warnings in my machine.
 
  pgstat.c:1357: warning: no previous prototype for
'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
  postgres.c:3922: warning: implicit declaration of function
  'pgstat_report_lwlockstat'
  pgstatfuncs.c:1854: warning: no previous prototype for
'pg_stat_reset_lwlocks'


Oops. I just fixed them. Thanks.


  In my test, this patch caused the measurable performance overhead.
  I created the test database by pgbench -s10 and ran pgbench -c8
-j8 -T60 -S.
  Results are:
 
  [HEAD]
  number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
  tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
  tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)
 
  [PATCH]
  number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
  tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
  tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

Oops! Obviously I copied and pasted the test result wrongly...
Here is the right result.

[HEAD]
number of transactions actually processed: 1401369
tps = 23351.375811 (including connections establishing)
tps = 23355.900043 (excluding connections establishing)

[PATCH]
number of transactions actually processed: 1092400
tps = 18179.498013 tel:18179.498013 (including connections
establishing)
tps = 18182.450824 tel:18182.450824 (excluding connections
establishing)

Performance difference is due to only the mutex lock taken?


I think it is coming from high-frequent reporting through
pgstat collector process, which means calling
pgstat_report_lwlocks() at PostgresMain().

diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
index 585db1a..5ca2c6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
@@ -3919,6 +3919,8 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char 
*username)

pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
}

+   pgstat_report_lwlockstat();
+
ReadyForQuery(whereToSendOutput);
send_ready_for_query = false;
}

When I reduced reporting (or just disabled reporting),
it shows that the performance would not be affected
by this patch.

Here are some additional results of the performance test
which is the same one Fujii-san did.

HEAD

number of transactions actually processed: 3439971
tps = 57331.891602 (including connections establishing)
tps = 57340.932324 (excluding connections establishing)

pg_stat_lwlocks patch (reporting enabled)
=
number of transactions actually processed: 2665550
tps = 44425.038125 (including connections establishing)
tps = 44430.565651 (excluding connections establishing)

pg_stat_lwlocks patch (reporting disabled)
==
number of transactions actually processed: 3429370
tps = 57155.286475 (including connections establishing)
tps = 57163.996943 (excluding connections establishing)

pg_stat_lwlocks patch (reporting reduced 1/100)
===
number of transactions actually processed: 3421879
tps = 57030.660814 (including connections establishing)
tps = 57038.950498 (excluding connections establishing)

So, I think some additional hack to reduce reporting is needed.
Would it be acceptable in terms of the performance?


Another comment is; local_calls/waits/time_ms are really required?
I'm not sure how those info would help the performance debugging.


I think there are some needs to observe/determine how your test
query is affected by the other workload from the other sessions.
So, splitting local and shared statistics would be nice to have.
Just my thought though.

Regards,



Regards,

--
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Michael Paquier

Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics, round 2

[Fujii Masao]

On Sun, Oct 14, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp wrote:
 HEAD
 
 number of transactions actually processed: 3439971
 tps = 57331.891602 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 57340.932324 (excluding connections establishing)
snip
 pg_stat_lwlocks patch (reporting disabled)
 ==
 number of transactions actually processed: 3429370
 tps = 57155.286475 (including connections establishing)
 tps = 57163.996943 (excluding connections establishing)

 So, I think some additional hack to reduce reporting is needed.
 Would it be acceptable in terms of the performance?

The tracing lwlock usage seems to still cause a small performance
overhead even if reporting is disabled. I believe some users would
prefer to avoid such overhead even if pg_stat_lwlocks is not available.
It should be up to a user to decide whether to trace lwlock usage, e.g.,
by using trace_lwlock parameter, I think.

 Another comment is; local_calls/waits/time_ms are really required?
 I'm not sure how those info would help the performance debugging.


 I think there are some needs to observe/determine how your test
 query is affected by the other workload from the other sessions.
 So, splitting local and shared statistics would be nice to have.
 Just my thought though.

What I don't like is that a session can see only local stats of its own
session. It's hard to monitor local stats. Imagine the case where you'd
like to monitor local stats of each pgbench session. To monitor such
stats, you need to modify pgbench so that its each session monitors
its own local stats. Even if you run a monitoring software, it cannot
collect those stats because they don't belong to the session that it uses.

Regards,

-- 
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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

Hi all,

I've modified the pg_stat_lwlocks patch to be able to work with
the latest PostgreSQL Git code.

This patch provides:
  pg_stat_lwlocks   New system view to show lwlock statistics.
  pg_stat_get_lwlocks() New function to retrieve lwlock statistics.
  pg_stat_reset_lwlocks()   New function to reset lwlock statistics.

Please try it out.

Regards,

2012/06/26 5:29, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
 Hi all,
 
 I've been working on a new system view, pg_stat_lwlocks, to observe
 LWLock, and just completed my 'proof-of-concept' code that can work
 with version 9.1.
 
 Now, I'd like to know the possibility of this feature for future
 release.
 
 With this patch, DBA can easily determine a bottleneck around lwlocks.
 --
 postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_stat_lwlocks ORDER BY time_ms DESC LIMIT 10;
   lwlockid | calls  | waits | time_ms
 --++---+-
 49 | 193326 | 32096 |   23688
  8 |   3305 |   133 |1335
  2 | 21 | 0 |   0
  4 | 135188 | 0 |   0
  5 |  57935 | 0 |   0
  6 |141 | 0 |   0
  7 |  24580 | 1 |   0
  3 |   3282 | 0 |   0
  1 | 41 | 0 |   0
  9 |  3 | 0 |   0
 (10 rows)
 
 postgres=#
 --
 
 In this view,
'lwlockid' column represents LWLockId used in the backends.
'calls' represents how many times LWLockAcquire() was called.
'waits' represents how many times LWLockAcquire() needed to wait
within it before lock acquisition.
'time_ms' represents how long LWLockAcquire() totally waited on
a lwlock.
 
 And lwlocks that use a LWLockId range, such as BufMappingLock or
 LockMgrLock, would be grouped and summed up in a single record.
 For example, lwlockid 49 in the above view represents LockMgrLock
 statistics.
 
 Now, I know there are some considerations.
 
 (1) Performance
 
I've measured LWLock performance both with and without the patch,
and confirmed that this patch does not affect the LWLock perfomance
at all.
 
pgbench scores with the patch:
  tps = 900.906658 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 908.528422 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 903.900977 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 910.470595 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 909.685396 (excluding connections establishing)
 
pgbench scores without the patch:
  tps = 909.096785 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 894.868712 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 910.074669 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 904.022770 (excluding connections establishing)
  tps = 895.673830 (excluding connections establishing)
 
Of course, this experiment was not I/O bound, and the cache hit ratio
was99.9%.
 
 (2) Memory space
 
In this patch, I added three new members to LWLock structure
as uint64 to collect statistics.
 
It means that those members must be held in the shared memory,
but I'm not sure whether it's appropriate.
 
I think another possible option is holding those statistics
values in local (backend) process memory, and send them through
the stat collector process (like other statistics values).
 
 (3) LWLock names (or labels)
 
Now, pg_stat_lwlocks view shows LWLockId itself. But LWLockId is
not easy for DBA to determine actual lock type.
 
So, I want to show LWLock names (or labels), like 'WALWriteLock'
or 'LockMgrLock', but how should I implement it?
 
 Any comments?
 
 Regards,


-- 
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql 
b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 7cc1d41..f832b45 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -658,6 +658,14 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_bgwriter AS
 pg_stat_get_buf_alloc() AS buffers_alloc,
 pg_stat_get_bgwriter_stat_reset_time() AS stats_reset;
 
+CREATE VIEW pg_stat_lwlocks AS
+SELECT
+S.lwlockid,
+S.calls,
+S.waits,
+S.time_ms
+FROM pg_stat_get_lwlocks() AS S;
+
 CREATE VIEW pg_user_mappings AS
 SELECT
 U.oid   AS umid,
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lwlock.c 
b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lwlock.c
index 95d4b37..2a2c197 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lwlock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lwlock.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include storage/proc.h
 #include storage/spin.h
 
+#include sys/time.h
 
 /* We use the ShmemLock spinlock to protect LWLockAssign */
 extern slock_t *ShmemLock;
@@ -46,6 +47,11 @@ typedef struct LWLock
PGPROC *head;   /* head of list of waiting 
PGPROCs */
PGPROC *tail;   /* tail of list of waiting 
PGPROCs */

Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics

[Josh Berkus]

 To implement it, a new array can be added in the local process memory
 to hold lwlock statistics, and update counters both in the shared
 memory and the local process memory at once. Then, the session can
 retrieve 'per-session' statistics from the local process memory
 via some dedicated function.

That would be way cool from a diagnostics perspective.  Not sure what
impact it has, though.

-- 
Josh Berkus
PostgreSQL Experts Inc.
http://pgexperts.com



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[HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

Hi all,

I've been working on a new system view, pg_stat_lwlocks, to observe
LWLock, and just completed my 'proof-of-concept' code that can work
with version 9.1.

Now, I'd like to know the possibility of this feature for future
release.

With this patch, DBA can easily determine a bottleneck around lwlocks.
--
postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_stat_lwlocks ORDER BY time_ms DESC LIMIT 10;
 lwlockid | calls  | waits | time_ms
--++---+-
   49 | 193326 | 32096 |   23688
8 |   3305 |   133 |1335
2 | 21 | 0 |   0
4 | 135188 | 0 |   0
5 |  57935 | 0 |   0
6 |141 | 0 |   0
7 |  24580 | 1 |   0
3 |   3282 | 0 |   0
1 | 41 | 0 |   0
9 |  3 | 0 |   0
(10 rows)

postgres=#
--

In this view,
  'lwlockid' column represents LWLockId used in the backends.
  'calls' represents how many times LWLockAcquire() was called.
  'waits' represents how many times LWLockAcquire() needed to wait
  within it before lock acquisition.
  'time_ms' represents how long LWLockAcquire() totally waited on
  a lwlock.

And lwlocks that use a LWLockId range, such as BufMappingLock or
LockMgrLock, would be grouped and summed up in a single record.
For example, lwlockid 49 in the above view represents LockMgrLock
statistics.

Now, I know there are some considerations.

(1) Performance

  I've measured LWLock performance both with and without the patch,
  and confirmed that this patch does not affect the LWLock perfomance
  at all.

  pgbench scores with the patch:
tps = 900.906658 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 908.528422 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 903.900977 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 910.470595 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 909.685396 (excluding connections establishing)

  pgbench scores without the patch:
tps = 909.096785 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 894.868712 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 910.074669 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 904.022770 (excluding connections establishing)
tps = 895.673830 (excluding connections establishing)

  Of course, this experiment was not I/O bound, and the cache hit ratio
  was 99.9%.

(2) Memory space

  In this patch, I added three new members to LWLock structure
  as uint64 to collect statistics.

  It means that those members must be held in the shared memory,
  but I'm not sure whether it's appropriate.

  I think another possible option is holding those statistics
  values in local (backend) process memory, and send them through
  the stat collector process (like other statistics values).

(3) LWLock names (or labels)

  Now, pg_stat_lwlocks view shows LWLockId itself. But LWLockId is
  not easy for DBA to determine actual lock type.

  So, I want to show LWLock names (or labels), like 'WALWriteLock'
  or 'LockMgrLock', but how should I implement it?

Any comments?

Regards,
-- 
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp
diff -rc postgresql-9.1.2.orig/src/backend/catalog/postgres.bki 
postgresql-9.1.2/src/backend/catalog/postgres.bki
*** postgresql-9.1.2.orig/src/backend/catalog/postgres.bki  2012-06-20 
03:32:46.0 +0900
--- postgresql-9.1.2/src/backend/catalog/postgres.bki   2012-06-26 
01:51:52.0 +0900
***
*** 1553,1558 
--- 1553,1559 
  insert OID = 3071 ( pg_xlog_replay_pause 11 10 12 1 0 0 f f f t f v 0 0 2278 
 _null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ pg_xlog_replay_pause _null_ _null_ _null_ )
  insert OID = 3072 ( pg_xlog_replay_resume 11 10 12 1 0 0 f f f t f v 0 0 2278 
 _null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ pg_xlog_replay_resume _null_ _null_ _null_ )
  insert OID = 3073 ( pg_is_xlog_replay_paused 11 10 12 1 0 0 f f f t f v 0 0 
16  _null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ pg_is_xlog_replay_paused _null_ _null_ _null_ 
)
+ insert OID = 3764 ( pg_stat_get_lwlocks 11 10 12 1 100 0 f f f f t s 0 0 2249 
 {20,20,20,20} {o,o,o,o} {lwlockid,calls,waits,time_ms} _null_ 
pg_stat_get_lwlocks _null_ _null_ _null_ )
  insert OID = 2621 ( pg_reload_conf 11 10 12 1 0 0 f f f t f v 0 0 16  
_null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ pg_reload_conf _null_ _null_ _null_ )
  insert OID = 2622 ( pg_rotate_logfile 11 10 12 1 0 0 f f f t f v 0 0 16  
_null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ pg_rotate_logfile _null_ _null_ _null_ )
  insert OID = 2623 ( pg_stat_file 11 10 12 1 0 0 f f f t f v 1 0 2249 25 
{25,20,1184,1184,1184,1184,16} {i,o,o,o,o,o,o} 
{filename,size,access,modification,change,creation,isdir} _null_ pg_stat_file 
_null_ _null_ _null_ )
diff -rc postgresql-9.1.2.orig/src/backend/catalog/postgres.description 
postgresql-9.1.2/src/backend/catalog/postgres.description
*** postgresql-9.1.2.orig/src/backend/catalog/postgres.description  
2012-06-20 03:32:46.0 +0900
--- 

Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics

[Josh Berkus]

On 6/25/12 1:29 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:
 (1) Performance
 
   I've measured LWLock performance both with and without the patch,
   and confirmed that this patch does not affect the LWLock perfomance
   at all.

This would be my main concern with this patch; it's hard for me to
imagine that it has no performance impact *at all*, since trace_lwlocks
has quite a noticable one in my experience.  However, the answer to that
is to submit the patch and let people test.

I will remark that it would be far more useful to me if we could also
track lwlocks per session.  Overall counts are somewhat useful, but more
granular counts are even more useful.  What period of time does the
table cover?  Since last reset?

-- 
Josh Berkus
PostgreSQL Experts Inc.
http://pgexperts.com



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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

2012/06/26 6:44, Josh Berkus wrote:

On 6/25/12 1:29 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:

(1) Performance

   I've measured LWLock performance both with and without the patch,
   and confirmed that this patch does not affect the LWLock perfomance
   at all.


This would be my main concern with this patch; it's hard for me to
imagine that it has no performance impact *at all*, since trace_lwlocks
has quite a noticable one in my experience.  However, the answer to that
is to submit the patch and let people test.


Thanks. I will submit the patch to the CommitFest page with some fixes
to be able to work with the latest PostgreSQL on Git.


I will remark that it would be far more useful to me if we could also
track lwlocks per session.  Overall counts are somewhat useful, but more
granular counts are even more useful.  What period of time does the
table cover?  Since last reset?


Yes. it has not yet been implemented yet since this code is just a PoC
one, but it is another design issue which needs to be discussed.

To implement it, a new array can be added in the local process memory
to hold lwlock statistics, and update counters both in the shared
memory and the local process memory at once. Then, the session can
retrieve 'per-session' statistics from the local process memory
via some dedicated function.

Does it make sense? Any comments?

Regards,
--
Satoshi Nagayasu sn...@uptime.jp
Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp

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Re: [HACKERS] pg_stat_lwlocks view - lwlocks statistics

[Satoshi Nagayasu]

2012/06/26 7:04, Kevin Grittner wrote:

Josh Berkusj...@agliodbs.com  wrote:

On 6/25/12 1:29 PM, Satoshi Nagayasu wrote:

(1) Performance

   I've measured LWLock performance both with and without the
   patch, and confirmed that this patch does not affect the LWLock
   perfomance at all.


This would be my main concern with this patch; it's hard for me to
imagine that it has no performance impact *at all*, since
trace_lwlocks has quite a noticable one in my experience.
However, the answer to that is to submit the patch and let people
test.


I think overhead is going to depend quite a bit on the
gettimeofday() implementation, since that is called twice per lock
wait.


Yes.
It's one of my concerns, and what I actually want hackers to test.


It looked to me like there was nothing to prevent concurrent updates
of the counts while gathering the accumulated values for display.
Won't this be a problem on 32-bit builds?


Actually, I'd like to know how I can improve my code in a 32bit box.

However, unfortunately I don't have any 32bit (physical) box now,
so I want someone to test it if it needs to be tested.


Please add this to the Open COmmitFest for a proper review:

https://commitfest.postgresql.org/action/commitfest_view/open


Will submit soon. Thanks.



-Kevin



Regards,
--
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Uptime Technologies, LLC. http://www.uptime.jp

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