Re: No typical loops, and other crazy ideas
Bulba! wrote: motivation). I've tried to manipulate the data just in Python and not in typical loops. One thing that may not be entirely A list comprehension is just a fancy way to write a loop. Resisting the temptation to use it can sometimes improve your code. [Also, for some reason the advice by another poster, to use: oldl=list(orig) instead of: oldl=[x for x in orig] ..somehow didn't work. The first instruction has produced only empty lists.] #-Code follows--- [...] #oldl=list(orig) #newl=list(orig) Because you used the same reader twice newl will always be empty. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OT: spacing of code in Google Groups
Peter Hansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Why the heck would I ever have to do rectangle operations on a regular basis? ;-) Well, given that all editors are cat equivalent[*], you don't _have_ to use any of their features :-) But just like Python (particularly in the hands of a skilled Python programmer) is more productive than a Turing Machine, any featureful editor (in the hands of an experienced user) is far more productive than cat file. [*] A bit like Turing equivalence: any program you can write in any other editor, you could also write with cat file -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file.readlines() - gives me error (bad file descriptor)
On Thu, 6 Jan 2005 13:17:11 +0530, Gurpreet Sachdeva [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Thu, 6 Jan 2005 12:55:22 +0530, Binu K S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The file's current position moves as you write into it. I concure and have figured out the solution BUT while reading from the file from the position where the file handler is, should return Null/Blank/Anything in this world BUT should not write into the file... The information written was that in the Buffer of the handler... Does that mean reading a file will actually release the buffer by throwing the contents in the file??? I'm sorry, I didn't get what you trying to say here. Where do you see a read altering the file? An example might help. Please Comment... You normally wouldn't read from the file that you are writing into. May be applicable in handling logs... Sometimes after opening a file you read the contents of a file and then append to it. I haven't seen writing to a file and then going back to see what was written. Regards, Garry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python-dev Summary for 2004-11-16 through 2004-11-30
Would you like the source with your function? Yes, since I asked for this feature something like two years ago ;-) Michele Simionato -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file.readlines() - gives me error (bad file descriptor)
On Thu, 6 Jan 2005 14:27:40 +0530, Binu K S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm sorry, I didn't get what you trying to say here. Where do you see
a read altering the file? An example might help.
Please try:
logfile=file(r'test.txt','w+')
logfile.write('datetime')
Check the contents of test.txt, you will get what ever was required...
Now Run:
logfile=file(r'test.txt','w+')
logfile.write('datetime')
logfile.readlines()
and check the contents of test.txt???
My doubt is that logfile.write('datetime') will write datetime that is
universaly accepted but why all that junk is appending to that when I
add logfile.readlines()
Strange or Am I on drugs??? :o)
Please Comment...
Garry
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
navigating/changing directories
A simple script like the one below lets me jump through a directory structure. However, if I run it from /this/directory and within it to go to /a/totally/different/directory... I'm still actually going to be in /this/directory when I exit the script. Is it possible to have a script that can drop me off into a different directory than where I initiated it from? import os process = 1 while (process): # Display directories for i in os.listdir(os.getcwd()): if (os.path.isdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),i))): print i # Change directory goto_dir = raw_input(: ) if (goto_dir in os.listdir(os.getcwd())): os.chdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),goto_dir)) else: process = 0 # Exit -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Building unique comma-delimited list?
Roy Smith wrote: The best I've come up with is the following. Can anybody think of a simplier way? words = [foo, bar, baz, foo, bar, foo, baz] # Eliminate the duplicates; probably use set() in Python 2.4 d = dict() for w in words: d[w] = w if d.has_key (foo): newWords = [foo] del (d[foo]) else: newWords = [] for w in d.keys(): newWords.append (w) s = ', '.join (newWords) print s You need to make the dictionary and list types work harder for you. They have a variety of methods you might find useful. words = [foo, bar, baz, foo, bar, foo, baz] distinguished = [foo] d = dict.fromkeys(words, True) newwords = [ w for w in distinguished if d.pop(w, False) ] newwords.extend(d.keys()) newwords ['foo', 'baz', 'bar'] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Cookbook 2nd ed Credits
Yes, such a list is available. I have uploaded a tentative list of contributors at http://harvestman.freezope.org . The original list is courtesy Alex. For the impatient, here are the direct links... List of first authors: http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/credau.html List of all authors: http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/creds.html Hope this helps! Regards -Anand -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Contributor's List
A list of contributors to Python Cookbook (Second Edition) is available at the following links. Original list courtesy Alex Martelli. Since the book is not yet in print, the lists are still tentative because of potential last minute editing changes. List of first authors o http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/credau.html List of all authors o http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/creds.html -Anand -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
On 5 Jan 2005 19:31:53 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: John Roth: The bottom line is that I'm not going to be writing any extensive pieces of Python documentation. My time is better spent elsewhere. Well, a couple of years ago I realized that some documentation on the MRO was missing. I wrote a document in reST, posted here, and Guido put it on python.org. It was as easy as it sounds. So I don't see your problem. Dave Kulhman wrote some utility to convert reST in latex using the same style of the standard library docs; I haven't used it myself, but you may check with him: http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/ Couldn't a better document-writing interface be implemented? This is the kind of stuff Zope Plone are used for on a daily basis; not to mention other countless web frameworks CMS available in Python. Even a simple automated service to process publish reST or SGML files would be better than requiring aspiring Python doc writers to install the full toolchain, as pointed out. But, whatever it is (and that's a difficult choice, politically speaking), it should be hosted on the main Python site... because that's the place where people look for info first place. P.S. since you cite descriptors, what's wrong with Raimond Hetting documentation? http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm The only problem I see is that it is not integrated with the official docs, but this is a minor issue, I think. The docs are great, but it took me some time to find them out after searching inside Python docs. This is not a minor issue IMHO. -- Carlos Ribeiro Consultoria em Projetos blog: http://rascunhosrotos.blogspot.com blog: http://pythonnotes.blogspot.com mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Other notes
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Andrew Dalke: (BTW, it needs to be 1 .. 12 not 1..12 because 1. will be interpreted as the floating point value 1.0.) Uhm, I have to fix my ignorance about parsers. Cannot a second . after the first tell that the first . isn't in the middle of a floating point number? Python uses an LL(1) parser. From Wikipedia: LL(1) grammars, although fairly restrictive, are very popular because the corresponding LL parsers only need to look at the next token to make their parsing decisions. This may allow: assert 5 interval 9 == interval(5,9) Maybe you could give an example of when you need this in real life? Every time you have a function with 2 parameters, you can choose to use it infix. But why would you want to? What advantage does this give over the standard syntax? Remember, in Python philosophy, there should be one obvious way to do it, and preferably only one. Adding a whole another way of calling functions complicates things without adding much advantage. Especially so because you suggest it is only used for binary, i.e. two-parameter functions. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Contributor's List
Anand wrote: A list of contributors to Python Cookbook (Second Edition) is available at the following links. Original list courtesy Alex Martelli. Since the book is not yet in print, the lists are still tentative because of potential last minute editing changes. List of first authors o http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/credau.html List of all authors o http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/creds.html Is this mean't to only cover additional entries which were added in the 2nd edition, or is it also mean't to encompass entries which were carried over from the 1st edition as well. If it is both, then the editing must have been quite cut throat as I dropped from 3 entries in the 1st edition to 0 in the 2nd edition. I can sort of understand if the intent was to get rid of entries which referenced packages which weren't regarded as mainstream. I guess it is only 14 years of work down the drain. ;-( -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Contributor's List
Anand wrote: A list of contributors to Python Cookbook (Second Edition) is available at the following links. Original list courtesy Alex Martelli. Since the book is not yet in print, the lists are still tentative because of potential last minute editing changes. List of first authors o http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/credau.html List of all authors o http://harvestman.freezope.org/cookbook/creds.html Is this mean't to only cover additional entries which were added in the 2nd edition, or is it also mean't to encompass entries which were carried over from the 1st edition as well. If it is both, then the editing must have been quite cut throat as I dropped from 3 entries in the 1st edition to 0 in the 2nd edition. I can sort of understand if the intent was to get rid of entries which referenced packages which weren't regarded as mainstream. I guess it is only 14 years of work down the drain. ;-( -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why tuples use parentheses ()'s instead of something else like 's?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I can't thank you enough for your reply and for everyones' great info on this thread. The end of your email gave a rock solid reason why it is impossible to improve upon ()'s for tuples Actually, you missed the point. The parentheses don't have anything to do with the tuple. They are just used for disambiguation. It's the commas that define the tuple. -- Timo Virkkala -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file.readlines() - gives me error (bad file descriptor)
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-bugs-list/2001-October/007650.html
Rest assured you're not on drugs :)
On Thu, 6 Jan 2005 14:45:24 +0530, Gurpreet Sachdeva
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Thu, 6 Jan 2005 14:27:40 +0530, Binu K S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm sorry, I didn't get what you trying to say here. Where do you see
a read altering the file? An example might help.
Please try:
logfile=file(r'test.txt','w+')
logfile.write('datetime')
Check the contents of test.txt, you will get what ever was required...
Now Run:
logfile=file(r'test.txt','w+')
logfile.write('datetime')
logfile.readlines()
and check the contents of test.txt???
My doubt is that logfile.write('datetime') will write datetime that is
universaly accepted but why all that junk is appending to that when I
add logfile.readlines()
Strange or Am I on drugs??? :o)
Please Comment...
Garry
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Contributor's List
Please direct all queries to the Cookbook editors...! Thanks -Anand -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Contributor's List
Please direct all queries to the Cookbook editors! Thanks -Anand -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Contributor's List
Please direct any query to the Cookbook editors. Thanks -Anand -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Contributor's List
I have no idea. I am just another contributor like you. Just doing a service to the Python community by providing the list at my site. However, I am not responsible for its content. Please direct your queries to the editors, if any. Thanks -Anand -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python C Object Comparison
Dear All, I have some question regarding embedding and exposing of C pointers. We have embedded python and extended to expose our APIs and c objects to python. Every thing is working fine as far as customizing our application through python. How ever i am expecting following behavior but it failed. Can some oe suggest a work around!! Here is my python code import myModule a=myModule.myAPI1(1) b=myModule.myAPI2(name) # basically both above functions return same C pointer. # so i want to compare if(a==b): print They are same else : print They are different python always prints they are different, I guess this is because in python layer we create PythonCObject for every C pointer, and that is how it is exposed to python. Though both the APIs are returning the same C pointer, they are different instances of PythonCObject. So i guess that is the reason comparison is failing. How ever is it possible to make python to compare actual C pointer, rather than the PythonCObject Pointer. Can some one please suggest Regards, Anand -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Python-Dev] Let's get rid of unbound methods
Andrew Koenig wrote: duck typing? That's the Australian pronunciation of duct taping. More Kiwi, I'm thinking ;) Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Securing a future for anonymous functions in Python
Paul Rubin wrote: Nick Coghlan [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Do you consider generator expressions or list comprehensions deficient because they don't allow several statements in the body of the for loop? I don't see what it would mean to do otherwise. Exactly the same as a suite would in the innermost portion of the equivalent explicit generator (i.e. where the implicit yield expr currently ends up). If you could put a suite inside a function expression (i.e. replacing the implicit return expr) why not inside generator expressions as well? Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The Industry choice
Bulba! wrote: Nope. IMHO, GPL attempts to achieve the vendor lock-in. For different purposes than another well-known vendor, but it still does. It's actually even worse: the only thing you can't share on a well-known vendor's platform is the software written by that well-known vendor -- you can choose to share or choose not to share whatever you or other people write on this platform. If GPL folks had their way, it would not be possible not to share _anything_ you create. It is widely acknowledged that GPL license has the viral aspect of extending itself on your software - can you point to closed-source licenses that would have this aspect? None of the licenses I've read except GPL has this aspect. Then you haven't read very many source code licenses, many (perhaps most?) that state that if you've as much as looked at the code you're not even allowed to write somethings similar twenty years down the line, or anything that remotely resembles something similar. (Most do in fact go a bit further than that, but the legality would be in question. Still it would take you lawyers to get off the hook). Where do you think the 'clean-room approach' came from in the first place? Furthermore, you're most often not allowed to change, disseminate, compile, discuss, etc the code but in fact just look at it. (And when it comes to Microsoft's binary licenses it's not as rosy as you would like to put it, read through them sometime there's a lot more you're not allowed to do than just 'share' it with others.) Can you say NDA? Knew you could. Now, Stallman might or might not want to achieve world domination, not by sharks with lasers on their heads, but by aiming for all software to be free software, but the GPL is actually a lot less ambitious than that. All the GPL says is that: if you received a binary, the person who provided you with it, must provide you with the source code that built it. *All* the source code, not just what he happened to receive, on the off chance that he's modified it. And as having the source code without being able to modify it would be rather pointless, you're allowed to do that too, it's a given. If you don't want to distribute binaries, that's fine, and all of the GPL falls. The GPL doesn't *force* you to share anything. It only says what must happen if you do. And I'm rather tired of the GPL's so called 'viral' nature. Look, if you're using my code, you play by my rules, that's called copyright. If you don't want to play by my rules, fine, don't use my code. So far I'm no better than Microsoft, or Sun (though that might change) or IBM for that matter. With the GPL I'm actually not as bad as that, I'll even let you look at the code, modify it, and distribute copies willy nilly (though you I'm not forcing you to), in fact, I'll even *forbid* others from taking that right away from you. If you use it, however, as a small token of your appreciation, you'll have to also agree to not take the same rights you had away from others. Finally, what *you* do with *your* code is of no concern to the GPL. As long as you don't use *my* code you can do whatever you please. But, and that's a big 'BUT', it really irks me when people release code under e.g. the BSD (or as has happened to me in the past, public domain), and then bitch and moan when I incorporate parts of it in *my* software and release the whole under the GPL. As if that was somehow 'unfair'. Look, (and I'm obviously not saying this to the parent poster as he never expressed any such sentiment, I'm just venting) that's what *you* wanted when you released the code under that license. If you don't want me to do that, then don't use those licenses, mkay. Stefan, -- Stefan Axelsson (email at http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~sax) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
wxPython clipboard
Hi all, I'm thinking about coding a free version of this software: http://www.pitrinec.com/pkindex.htm I would use wxPython and wx.Clipboard class (hoping to be able to make it cross-platform) The software above detects macros you code in any Windows active window and replaces them with a text: something like you write /ff and he pastes Feel free to call us back for whatever questions you might have. This kind of softwares are very usefull in a call-centre environment (where I'm currently working). The thing is I'm thinking about the best approach (in terms of CPU resources) to detect the macro. Not sure how keyloggers work but I suspect I could run a service that compares everything beign written in the active window with the macros I saved in the software configuration. Could you please give me some advice on the best approach to solve this problem? Thanks a lot, Lorenzo -- http://www.bolognini.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
wxPython clipboard
Hi all, I'm thinking about coding a free version of this software: http://www.pitrinec.com/pkindex.htm I would use wxPython and wx.Clipboard class (hoping to be able to make it cross-platform) The software above detects macros you code in any Windows active window and replaces them with a text: something like you write /ff and he pastes Feel free to call us back for whatever questions you might have. This kind of softwares are very usefull in a call-centre environment (where I'm currently working). The thing is I'm thinking about the best approach (in terms of CPU resources) to detect the macro. Not sure how keyloggers work but I suspect I could run a service that compares everything beign written in the active window with the macros I saved in the software configuration. Could you please give me some advice on the best approach to solve this problem? Thanks a lot, Lorenzo -- http://www.bolognini.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Deferred expressions (was Re: Lambda as declarative idiom)
Bengt Richter wrote: I like the fact that 'def' can serve as a mnemonic for 'defer' or 'deferred' ;-) Yeah, me too. I didn't actually notice that until after I'd thought of the phrase. OTOH, I like concise notation for expressions, and the def and from aren't really necessary if you can tag the first expression with some syntax marker. I suggested (: rather than (def since (: is illegal now and won't break anything. True, but I've always liked Python's preference for keywords over punctuation. And 'def' is only 2 characters longer than ':', too. That is an advantage of having it inside the outer parens, which my (:expr)(params) couldn't benefit from -- unless I just take your format and substitute ':' for both def and from: But where does that leave Python is executable pseudocode? Compare: (lambda (a, b, c) : f(a) + o(b) - o(c)) (: f(a) + o(b) - o(c) : (a, b, c)) (def f(a) + o(b) - o(c) from (a, b, c)) Which of the above most clearly expresses defer a functional expression taking arguments a, b, and c? For comparison, named syntax requires 3 lines, since Guido also wants to remove suite one-liners in Py3k: def f1(a, b, c): return f(a) + o(b) - o(c) f1 Not so bad for a single deferred expression (particularly a not-completely-trivial one like this), but fares significantly worse for simple zero-argument functions, or if you are just setting up a couple of deferred expressions in a function call. There's no more virtue in completely squandering vertical screen real estate than there is in being overly conservative with it. What was the point of all this again? Pretending lambda goes away without really killing it? ;-) Actually, it was started by the please don't take our lamdbas! comments regarding Python 3k. I suggested that one of the problems with lambda is that it is an expression but looks like a one-liner statement (it's ugly as sin may have been closer to my actual phrasing), that the syntax would be deservedly rejected if proposed as a new addition to the language, and a more productive response might be to consider nicer alternative syntax that Guido would consider retaining in Python 3k (since it would make sense to try out such a syntax in the Python 2.x series before committing to it for 3.0). Of course, after making that suggestion, my brain decided to start working on its *own* ideas for a more Pythonic syntax (trying to learn from generator expressions), which seemed to set off a few other people :) The name 'deferred expression' is intended to emphasise what I see as the most appropriate application for anonymous functions - using an entire named function statement to defer a simple expression is serious overkill. Recognising this use case was what switched me from I won't miss lambdas to You know, I'd really regret it if they disappeared completely. Basically, I think lambda has a PR problem - its usefulness as a way to defer expression evaluation is obscured by its ugly syntax and its current explanation as a neutered form of function definition, but at least you can use it in an expression. On backticks, they have a major problem in that many fonts make ` and ' virtually indistinguishable. A secondary problem is that printed text often renders an opening single quote like a backtick. Guido has already mentioned this in one of Python Regrets talks (in the context of the backtick repr syntax). So I don't expect any syntax involving backticks to even be looked at by the BDFL. Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OT: spacing of code in Google Groups
On Wed, 05 Jan 2005 22:57:33 GMT, JanC [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Rectangular selection only works with the mouse in SciTE/Scintilla: alt-click-drag. Nope - hold down alt-shift, and select with the cursor keys. -- Cheers, Simon B, [EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
On Wed, 5 Jan 2005, John Roth wrote: I would like to contribute some documentation to Python. I've got the time, I write quite a bit, etc. I've got fairly strong opinions about some things that need to be documented, (such as all the new style class descriptor stuff from 2.2) and I have relatively little difficulty matching the existing style. However, I don't know TEX, Latex, CVS or Sourceforge. (The latter two are on my learn sometime soon so I can put PyFIT where it belongs list.) I have no desire to install Perl to run the documentation toolchain. I also have no particular desire to write up a bunch of final format stuff and drop it on someone else to put into the latex format so it can be included. While being able to make doc changes at the Latex level directly into CVS is the ultimate, Fred Drake and others are quite happy to take straight text (ReST markup would probably help them a bit) as bugs/patches on sourceforge. - Andrew I MacIntyre These thoughts are mine alone... E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (pref) | Snail: PO Box 370 [EMAIL PROTECTED] (alt) |Belconnen ACT 2616 Web:http://www.andymac.org/ |Australia -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
Carlos Ribeiro wrote: Couldn't a better document-writing interface be implemented? Such as: http://www.python.org/moin/Documentation Or AMK's annotatable docs: http://pydoc.amk.ca/frame.html Something like that? The docs are great, but it took me some time to find them out after searching inside Python docs. This is not a minor issue IMHO. Actually, this is a fair point - I work on isolated machines a lot (i.e. no net access), which means I can't get to any of these handy things. It would be nice if at least some of these things could be bundled with the CPython interpreter and linked to from the main documentation (rather than from the sidebar menu on the webpage). Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: navigating/changing directories
/this/directory when I exit the script. Is it possible to have a script that can drop me off into a different directory than where I initiated it from? Use os.chdir(newpath) So, you can code os.chdir(r'/a/totally/different/directory') and find yourself in /a/totally/different/directory after the script completes. Thanks, --Kartic -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: navigating/changing directories
Hmmm... I take it back... that is not working! I think it changes the path only during execution time. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
[Daniel Bowett] #- Contribute to where on Sourceforge??? Which domentation are #- we talking #- about in general? Speaking of docs. . . I think it would help a great deal if the python.org version-specific documentation pages used the standard documentation front page that actually includes the About the Python Documentation link that explains how to do this. Compare: http://www.python.org/doc/2.4/ To: http://www.python.org/dev/doc/devel/ Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... I love eric3, but if you're an eclipse fan, look at enthought's envisage IDE -- it seems to me that it has superb promise. ... Is it available for download somewhere? Alex is, I think, jumping the gun a bit. Envisage isn't quite ready for prime time as your day to day IDE. It might be useful to you right now I apologize if I gave a misleading impression: I did not mean it was ready to use, or _already_ here; I suggested looking at in the sense of paying attention to, and specifically mentioned promise. Since the subthread was about future IDE developments, I thought it was appropriate to mention envisage, in the context of comparisons with eclipse's plugin-centered architecture. as a platform to build a dynamic GUI application (Envisage's intended use) if you are willing to get your hands dirty and help us build Envisage. Hence, it is not being advertised widely. I saw a Pycon proposed talk about it, so I didn't stop to consider the not advertised widely issue. Thinking about it, I realize Pycon is almost 3 months from now, so wanting to enthuse about envisage then doesn't imply already wanting to widely advertise it now; sorry. But Alex is right; Envisage does hold a lot of promise. The very concept of an architecture based on a spare skeleton and copious plugins is intrinsically excellent, and I think that by now eclipse has proven it's also practically viable for real-world powerful IDEs/platforms/frameworks. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there any way/where to subscribe for automated PEP status emails?
Thomas Heller wrote: You could probably subscribe to python-checkins, and filter it. Or read it via gmane. Hmm - can SF be used to setup a mailing list just for checkins to a single directory in the source tree? If so, that would seem to be an easy way to provide a python-pep-updates mailing list. Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: navigating/changing directories
The script is executed in a process separate from your command shell, and hence has no effect on your shell's current directory. There are some things that batch files and shell scripts are still good for - manipulating the shell :) Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there any way/where to subscribe for automated PEP status emails?
Nick Coghlan [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Thomas Heller wrote: You could probably subscribe to python-checkins, and filter it. Or read it via gmane. Hmm - can SF be used to setup a mailing list just for checkins to a single directory in the source tree? Yes. You should suggest this on python-dev. If so, that would seem to be an easy way to provide a python-pep-updates mailing list. Cheers, Nick. Thomas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Cookbook 2nd ed Credits
Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... 1: 25 u'Luther Blissett' 2: 21 u'Alex Martelli' ... And I *still* think we deserve to be told the Luther Blissett story ... conspiratorial-ly y'rs - steve Martin Elster's post back in Aug '02 already had just about all of the necessary info...: ''' I had just been reading about Luther Blissett, and this name is a sort of umbrella name that is available for anyone that is interested, and that has been used in different underground projects and pranks, especially in Italy. ''' Add other well-known facts, such as the fact that Bologna is or was a hotbed of situationist pranks, Umberto Eco is a professor at Bologna University, Umberto Eco's best-known historical novels from The Name of the Rose onwards may be interestingly compared with Luther Blissett's Q, and so forth, and I'm sure you can design a perfectly adequate conspiracy theory. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
Alex Martelli ha scritto: But Alex is right; Envisage does hold a lot of promise. The very concept of an architecture based on a spare skeleton and copious plugins is intrinsically excellent, and I think that by now eclipse has proven it's also practically viable for real-world powerful IDEs/platforms/frameworks. I think this had been demonstrated from emacs long before :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
On Thu, 06 Jan 2005 22:11:22 +1000, Nick Coghlan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Carlos Ribeiro wrote: Couldn't a better document-writing interface be implemented? Such as: http://www.python.org/moin/Documentation Or AMK's annotatable docs: http://pydoc.amk.ca/frame.html Sorry, I wasn't clear. Both are clear steps in the right direction. I was thinking more along the lines of an automated document processing service, to avoid the need to install all the tools to generate the official Python docs (latex, sgml, etc.). One could simply upload a revised doc and get the processed result back. Of course, such a service can't be open to the public, but it would still be useful. -- Carlos Ribeiro Consultoria em Projetos blog: http://rascunhosrotos.blogspot.com blog: http://pythonnotes.blogspot.com mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Nevow Tutorial and sample app
Hi, Can any one redirect me to a good nevow tutorial and/or a an appliction that is niether too big nor too small and can be help in learning nevow. Nevow tutorial with the distrubution is too simple and it doesnot even skim the surface. Another one http://www.nevow.com/Nevow2004Tutorial.html is good but the does not conform to the current nevow relaese(0.3). e.g. its says from nevow.rend import htmlfile while as htmlfile is actually in loaders module. thanks Mir Nazim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
parameterized metaclass (or metametaclass)
Hi,
I've been looking at writing parameterized metaclasses and here are the
two solutions I've come to:
(my goal was to build a way to automatically add a hash function that
would take into account a selected list of object attributes)
1. all-in-one metametaclass:
class Autohash2(type):
Metametaclass that instantiates into a metaclass creating
a hash function based on the attributes passed on instantiation.
def __new__(cls, hash_attributes):
def class_new(cls, name, bases, d):
print New class, name
l = hash_attributes
_hash = hash
_tuple = tuple
c = _hash(_tuple([_hash(k) for k in l]))
def object_hash(obj):
g = obj.__getattribute__
return _hash(_tuple([_hash(g(k)) for k in l]))
d['__hash__'] = object_hash
return super(Autohash2, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, d)
name = '__private'
bases = (type,)
d = {'__new__': class_new}
print New metaclass, name
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, d)
2. with the metametaclass property slightly abstracted away:
class Metametaclass(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict_):
d = { '__new__': dict_['class_new'] }
def meta_new(cls, *args, **kargs):
print New metaclass
name = '__private'
bases = (type,)
return super(Metametaclass, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, d)
dict_['__new__'] = meta_new
print New metametaclass, name
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dict_)
class Autohash(type):
__metaclass__ = Metametaclass
def __init__(cls, hash_attributes):
cls.hash_attributes = hash_attributes
def class_new(cls, name, bases, d):
print New class, name
l = cls.hash_attributes
_hash = hash
_tuple = tuple
c = _hash(_tuple([_hash(k) for k in l]))
def object_hash(obj):
g = obj.__getattribute__
return _hash(_tuple([_hash(g(k)) for k in l]))
d['__hash__'] = object_hash
return super(Autohash, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, d)
Both of those metametaclasses can be used (successfully!) in the
following way:
class Address(object):
__metaclass__ = Autohash3(('host', 'port'))
# snip rest of class definition
a = Address()
a.host = 'localhost'
a.port =
b = copy.copy(a)
hash(a) == hash(b)
I was wondering if there is some simpler way of building parameterized
metaclasses ?
Regards
Antoine.
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Re: get the IP address of a host
Lee Harr wrote:
I found that the socket solutions only work if your
DNS entries are correct ... which in my case was not
true. So I came up with this:
That is indeed correct, and even if the DNS entries are correct at times
it does not give the full list of IPs by gethostbyname or gethostbyaddr.
import commands
ifconfig = '/sbin/ifconfig'
# name of ethernet interface
iface = 'eth0'
# text just before inet address in ifconfig output
telltale = 'inet addr:'
...
Basically, it scrapes the output from ifconfig for the
actual address assigned to the interface. Works perfectly
on FreeBSD and Linux (given the correct configuration).
Nice way, have to device something for windows than.
From several approached I came up with the following code:
def getipaddr(hostname='default'):
Given a hostname, perform a standard (forward) lookup and return
a list of IP addresses for that host.
if hostname == 'default':
hostname = socket.gethostname()
ips = socket.gethostbyname_ex(hostname)[2]
ips = [i for i in ips if i.split('.')[0] != '127']
if len(ips) != 0:
# check if we have succes in determining outside IP
ip = ips[0]
elif len(ips) == 0 and hostname == socket.gethostname():
# when we want to determine local IP and did not have succes
# with gethostbyname_ex then we would like to connect to say...
# google.com and determine the local ip address bound to the
# local socket.
try:
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(('google.com', 80))
print ('___ connecting to internet to determine local ip')
ip = s.getsockname()[0]
del s
except:
print ('*** cannot connect to internet in order to \
determine outside IP address')
raise Exception
if len(ip) != 0:
return ip
else:
print ('*** unable to determine outside IP address')
raise Exception
It returns the IP address with which it connects to the world (not lo),
might be a pvt LAN address or an internet routed IP. Depend on where the
host is.
I hate the google trick actually, so any suggestions to something better
is always welcome.
--
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Re: Python evolution: Unease
Alex Martelli wrote: Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... I love eric3, but if you're an eclipse fan, look at enthought's envisage IDE -- it seems to me that it has superb promise. ... Is it available for download somewhere? Alex is, I think, jumping the gun a bit. Envisage isn't quite ready for prime time as your day to day IDE. It might be useful to you right now I apologize if I gave a misleading impression: I did not mean it was ready to use, or _already_ here; I suggested looking at in the sense of paying attention to, and specifically mentioned promise. Since the subthread was about future IDE developments, I thought it was appropriate to mention envisage, in the context of comparisons with eclipse's plugin-centered architecture. The subthread was? Okay. Never mind me, then. The threading got broken up in my newsreader and I couldn't tell the context. as a platform to build a dynamic GUI application (Envisage's intended use) if you are willing to get your hands dirty and help us build Envisage. Hence, it is not being advertised widely. I saw a Pycon proposed talk about it, so I didn't stop to consider the not advertised widely issue. Thinking about it, I realize Pycon is almost 3 months from now, so wanting to enthuse about envisage then doesn't imply already wanting to widely advertise it now; sorry. No worries. The SVN repository address isn't being kept secret, just not advertised much. If anyone is interested in anonymous read-access, they can ask me for the address. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: get the IP address of a host
J Berends wrote: Lee Harr wrote: Basically, it scrapes the output from ifconfig for the actual address assigned to the interface. Works perfectly on FreeBSD and Linux (given the correct configuration). Nice way, have to device something for windows than. Use the same approach, but scrape the output of ipconfig instead. Use subprocess to run the command in Python 2.4, or work something out with one of the popen variants for earlier versions. Cheers, Nick. -- Nick Coghlan | [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Brisbane, Australia --- http://boredomandlaziness.skystorm.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file.readlines() - gives me error (bad file descriptor)
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hey guys,
I can't figure this one out, why is this simple script giving me
problems?
logfile=file(r'test.txt','w')
logfile.write('datetime')
test=logfile.readlines()
When I run it I get the error message:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File C:\Documents and Settings\Gregory\My Documents\Get New Great
Job\testfile.py, line 3, in ?
test=logfile.readlines()
IOError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor
I'm running Windows XP, Python 2.3.3 (#51, Dec 18 2003, 20:22:39) [MSC
v.1200 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Any help would be greatly appricated.
Thanks,
Greg
As logfile is opened in write mode you cannot read it. You've to open it
in read mode for reading.
Greetings,
Abhijit
--
Everybody wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die
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Re: get the IP address of a host
J Berends wrote: def getipaddr(hostname='default'): [snip] It returns the IP address with which it connects to the world (not lo), might be a pvt LAN address or an internet routed IP. Depend on where the host is. I hate the google trick actually, so any suggestions to something better is always welcome. Yes your IP is determined really by what you connect to. So I did essentially the same as you. For reference see getMyIPAddress() at the following: http://www.pixelbeat.org/libs/PadSocket.c Pádraig -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: get the IP address of a host
On Thu, 06 Jan 2005 14:35:16 +0100, J Berends [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
From several approached I came up with the following code:
def getipaddr(hostname='default'):
Given a hostname, perform a standard (forward) lookup and return
a list of IP addresses for that host.
if hostname == 'default':
hostname = socket.gethostname()
ips = socket.gethostbyname_ex(hostname)[2]
ips = [i for i in ips if i.split('.')[0] != '127']
if len(ips) != 0:
# check if we have succes in determining outside IP
ip = ips[0]
elif len(ips) == 0 and hostname == socket.gethostname():
# when we want to determine local IP and did not have succes
# with gethostbyname_ex then we would like to connect to say...
# google.com and determine the local ip address bound to the
# local socket.
try:
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(('google.com', 80))
print ('___ connecting to internet to determine local ip')
ip = s.getsockname()[0]
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(('1.2.3.4', 56))
ip = s.getsockname()[0]
del s
except:
print ('*** cannot connect to internet in order to \
determine outside IP address')
raise Exception
if len(ip) != 0:
return ip
else:
print ('*** unable to determine outside IP address')
raise Exception
It returns the IP address with which it connects to the world (not lo),
might be a pvt LAN address or an internet routed IP. Depend on where the
host is.
I hate the google trick actually, so any suggestions to something better
is always welcome.
Jp
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Re: navigating/changing directories
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Nick Coghlan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The script is executed in a process separate from your command shell, and hence has no effect on your shell's current directory. There are some things that batch files and shell scripts are still good for - manipulating the shell :) . . . For more on this subject, see URL: http://phaseit.net/claird/comp.unix.misc/changing_directories.html . -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: navigating/changing directories
skip wrote: A simple script like the one below lets me jump through a directory structure. However, if I run it from /this/directory and within it to go to /a/totally/different/directory... I'm still actually going to be in /this/directory when I exit the script. Is it possible to have a script that can drop me off into a different directory than where I initiated it from? import os process = 1 while (process): # Display directories for i in os.listdir(os.getcwd()): if (os.path.isdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),i))): print i # Change directory goto_dir = raw_input(: ) if (goto_dir in os.listdir(os.getcwd())): os.chdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),goto_dir)) else: process = 0 # Exit As has already been reported, under Linux a change to the current working directory won't affect the environment of the parent process. You may find that under some Windows command line interpreters that the change to the working directory made by a program persists into the interactive session that triggered the program. One way to achieve your desired goal, of course, is to call your program using a shell expansion sequence (assuming Unix-like shell environments), as in: cd `myprogram.py` and then if your program outputs the path to a directory your shell's current working directory will be chaged as you require. there's-always-a-way-ly y'rs - steve -- Steve Holden http://www.holdenweb.com/ Python Web Programming http://pydish.holdenweb.com/ Holden Web LLC +1 703 861 4237 +1 800 494 3119 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
sorting on keys in a list of dicts
Suppose I have a list of dictionaries and each dict has a common keyname with a (sortable) value in it. How can I shuffle their position in the list in such way that they become sorted. Maybe I am doing it wrongly and you would say: why don't you get yourself a (slimmed-down) implementation of a database class. But then please guide me on the right path without having to install a xxSQL server for my multiplatform code. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: logging from severl classes
Vinay Sajip wrote: It works for me: #file3.py import file1 import file2 a = file1.A() b = file2.B() b.otherfunction() gives 2004-12-28 00:18:34,805 DEBUG file2 6 creating class B 2004-12-28 00:18:34,805 DEBUG file2 9 in otherfunction yeah, the classes where a simplification of the classes i'm using and used these to just show what i wanted to do without testing them. they indeed work. strange. Thanks for your answer benedict -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: sorting on keys in a list of dicts
On Thu, 06 Jan 2005 15:31:22 +0100, J Berends [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Suppose I have a list of dictionaries and each dict has a common keyname with a (sortable) value in it. How can I shuffle their position in the list in such way that they become sorted. In Python 2.4, import operator L.sort(key=operator.itemgetter(key)) In Python 2.3, L2 = [(d[key], i, d) for (i, d) in enumerate(L)] L2.sort() L = [d for (v, i, d) in L2] Jp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The Industry choice
Bulba! wrote: On 04 Jan 2005 19:25:12 -0800, Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Rob Emmons [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Me personally, I believe in free software, but always talk about open source. My answer regarding forcing people to share -- I like the GPL -- and I am perfectly happy to have anyone who does not like the GPL not to use any GPLed software. I don't feel compelled to share. I'd go further. It's not possible to force anyone to share, but the GPL aims to remove software from a system that instead aims to force people NOT to share. Nope. IMHO, GPL attempts to achieve the vendor lock-in. For different purposes than another well-known vendor, but it still does. Well you are entitled to your opinion. But *my* opinion is that the GPL attempts to ensure that if you re-use code by an author who so desires, then redistribution of your code is only possible by making your own extensions to it available on the same terms. This gives you a clear choice. To put it another way, it allows an author to specify that their code can't be hijacked for proprietary purposes *in distributed programs*. I will specifically point out that there is *nothing* in the GPL that requires you to reveal the source of program you write but do not distribute, even when such programs incorporate tons of GPL'd code. It's actually even worse: the only thing you can't share on a well-known vendor's platform is the software written by that well-known vendor -- you can choose to share or choose not to share whatever you or other people write on this platform. Well that's way over-simplified. And if you mean Microsoft, *say*( Microsoft. And you certainly can't share GPL'd code on Windows without doing so under the terms required by the GPL. If GPL folks had their way, it would not be possible not to share _anything_ you create. It is widely acknowledged that GPL license has the viral aspect of extending itself on your software - can you point to closed-source licenses that would have this aspect? None of the licenses I've read except GPL has this aspect. LGPL is still a different story, though. The GPL folks are quite happy to have you share anything that *you* create. Their simply-stated and elegantly-achieved intent is that you don't share anything that *they* create except on the terms they have required for their creations. So, it seems to me, you are whining because the authors of GPL'd code don't want you to release *their* code except under the GPL. What gives *you* the right to dictate to them? How would you like it if Richard Stallman insisted that you release your code under the GPL? Which, of course, he doesn't. As the MPAA knows, people do want to share, and forcing them not to do so is impossible without turning the world into a police state. Socialism is unpopular for many reasons, and many of them are indeed to do with maintaining the separation between individuals and thereby retaining the ability to treat them as separate economic units. But we aren't going to change that by insisting on particular software licenses. Realize this is a very small part of a very large debate. What's the cost of copying music files vs cost of combining some programs together, even in the form of e.g. using an external library? Maybe if Python were GPL, then Bulba wouldn't use it, but since it's not GPL, some people find themselves much less willing to contribute to it than if it were GPL. And that is their choice. They should realize, however, that some licenses (including the more recent Python licenses) are cleared as GPL-compatible. I believe this means that if I receive software licensed under a GPL-compatible license, I am at liberty to distribute it under the GPL. I suspect that this point is far too infrequently stressed. Personally, I have precisely opposite impression: the OSS licensed with BSD/MIT/Artistic/Python-like license gets contributed to a lot simply because people like to use it and they are not afraid of licensing issues. This merely goes to show that different people can form different impressions when discussing the same sets of facts, and therefore how useless impressions are as the basis for rational discussion. When people share: _it is not because this or that license of software used by them says so, but because they want to for reasons orthogonal to licensing issues_. Absolutely not. Some people want to share under very specific conditions, hence the proliferation of licenses in the open source world. (I myself contribute bug reports and maybe small patches, but resist larger projects since there are GPL'd things that I can do instead). So catering to the wishes of Bulba and Microsoft may actually be impeding Python development. Yes, there are some people selfless enough to do long and difficult unpaid software tasks so that Bulba and Bill G can get richer by stopping people from sharing it, but others of us only want to do unpaid
Re: sorting on keys in a list of dicts
J Berends [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Suppose I have a list of dictionaries and each dict has a common keyname with a (sortable) value in it. How can I shuffle their position in the list in such way that they become sorted. Do I understand the question right? Can't you just say thelist.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x['keyname'], y['keyname'])) or something like that? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The Industry choice
Bulba! wrote: On Wed, 5 Jan 2005 11:19:56 +0100, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Alex Martelli) wrote: [...] You see, I'm not disagreeing with you that your model applies _where it applies_. I only disagree that it applies in face of stronger forces. Now what kind of forces is dominant in most frequent scenarios would have to be worked out in tedious empirical research I think. Which I haven't done, because learning some economics is just a hobby to me. Yes, by all means let's just spout our opinions without any of that inconvenient tedious empirical research which might invalidate them. [...] Italian, at most German and French, and not Polish or Russian, closeness to good international airports and other good transportation, closeness to partner firms and potential customers' decision-makers, all appeared to point to Warsaw, if I recall correctly. Mechanical engineers with some programming experience or viceversa, good translators, and good salespeople with connections in the mechanical industry, are not as ultra-specialized as all that, after all. Most sales offices in Warsaw do not employ esp. educated people in my impression. OTOH, the carmaking facilities nowadays require more much more know-how and specialized workforce than a sales office does. Or at least that was my impression when I worked at the construction machine manufacturer in Berlin. Again you are forming impressions form rather limited evidence: I might agree with you about the relative intelligence and education of engineers over sales people, but that might be *my* bias showing. Capital investments per worker in auto industries are reportedly very high. Simple physical tasks are done largely by machines, like this 100 million Deutschmark costing laser-cutting installation that I've seen there, where a pile of iron bars is pulled in at one end and the pile of ready components is spitted out of the other end (unlike typical thermal cutting, laser has the advantage of not destroying the metal structure adjacent to the cut, so the parts of the machines subject to high-stress are oft produced this way). The same is true of plasma-arc cutting for thicker steels, and I believe it's still not possible to cut 3-inch stainless with a laser. But what's your point? Oh, and by the way that installation doesn't get used much. Somebody at the office didn't check carefully enough the energy prices before ordering it and later someone discovered that off-site specialized cutting firms that take advantage of energy available at low prices at special times in other countries can get it produced cheaper. Moving it elsewhere or selling is not an option, since it is a specially constructed, low, 50-meters long hall that stands inside the huge manufacturing hall of the company. And you are using this example to try and argue that engineers are better-educated than sales people? Who sold this installation? Who bought it? How much, therefore, is education worth? 100 million DM (when 1 DM was worth some half of Euro back then) down the drain. When the company was in rather bad financial situation (later I've learned it was finally bought out by Americans). Oh well. No big deal. I was utterly shocked. Having grown up in Soviet times I have been used to seeing precious resources wasted by organizations as if resources were growing on trees, but smth like this?! In a shining ideal country of Germany?! Unthinkable. Indeed not. Quite often the brown paper bag is a factor in purchases like this. I wouldn't be at all surprised if somebody with a major input to the decision-making process retired to a nice place in the country shortly afterwards. You appear to be making the mistake of believing that people will act in the larger interest, when sadly most individuals tend to put their own interests first (some would go as far as to define self-interest as the determinant of behavior). The firm I was working for had a consensus decision-making process (even I was involved) and managers (and other employees) and stockholders were mostly the same people -- it wasn't all that large a firm at the time. Nobody needed to practice risk avoidance. Again, you may have had good luck. Where I worked (including some places in Germany and UK) it was almost the only factor that seemed to matter to people - they'd do ANYTHING not to take a risky decision, to pass the buck, not to stick their necks out, not to declare doing some work that involved challenges. Some people are like that. I chose a long time ago to try not to work with them whenever I could avoid it and, while that may have had negative economic consequences I an convinced it has improved my quality of life immensely. Of course, I have no proof for such an assertion. [and on, and on, and on ...] regards Steve -- Steve Holden http://www.holdenweb.com/ Python Web Programming http://pydish.holdenweb.com/ Holden Web LLC +1 703 861 4237 +1 800 494 3119 --
Re: The Industry choice
Roel Schroeven [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Can you point to closed-source licenses that allow using the code *at all*? As I recall, for example, Microsoft Visual C++ came with sources for various libraries; all that the (closed-source) license for those libraries forbade you from doing was to further distribute the _sources_ themselves. You could do modifications big or small to those libraries for whatever purposes, and redistribute the _compiled_ form of the code as a DLL, or statically linked into your own programs, etc, etc. Is this what you mean by allow using the code *at all*? I think it's a pretty common arrangement when the code being sold under closed-source terms is a set of libraries, or a development system part of whose value is a set of accompanying libraries. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: sorting on keys in a list of dicts
Jp Calderone wrote: On Thu, 06 Jan 2005 15:31:22 +0100, J Berends [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Suppose I have a list of dictionaries and each dict has a common keyname with a (sortable) value in it. How can I shuffle their position in the list in such way that they become sorted. In Python 2.4, import operator L.sort(key=operator.itemgetter(key)) In Python 2.3, L2 = [(d[key], i, d) for (i, d) in enumerate(L)] L2.sort() L = [d for (v, i, d) in L2] Jp the 2.3 version seems to work quite nicely! thanks. Using the 2.3 for version compatibility. Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Embedding a restricted python interpreter
Craig Ringer schrieb:
That is my understanding. In fact, I'd say with Python it's nearly
impossible given how dynamic everything is and the number of tricks that
can be used to obfuscate what you're doing. Think of the fun that can be
had with str.encode / str.decode and getattr/hasattr .
It would certainly be difficult to track all harmful code constructs.
But AFAIK the idea of a sandbox is not to look at the offending code
but to protect the offended objects: files, databases, URLs, sockets
etc. and to raise a security exception when some code tries to offend
them. Jython is as dynamic as C-Python and yet it generates class
files behaving well under the JVM's security regime.
I looked into this, and my conclusion ended up being Well, I'm using
Python because I want it's power and flexibilty. If I want a secure
scripting environment, I should use something like Lua or Qt Script for
Applications instead.
It would be good for Python if it would offer a secure mode. Some
time ago I asked my hosting provider whether I could use mod_python
with apache to run Python scripts in the same way as PHP scripts.
He denied that pointing to Python security issues and to PHP safe.
mode. Python IS powerful but there are many areas where it is of
vital interest who is allowed to use its power and what can be done
with it. I think it would be a pity to exclude Python from these
areas where a lot of programming/computing is done.
Python is a very well designed language but progress is made by
criticism not by satisfaction ;)
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---
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E-mail 'cGV0ZXIubWFhc0BtcGx1c3IuZGU=\n'.decode('base64')
---
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2 versions of python on 1 machine
I searched with Google and on this newsgroups and i didn't find any info regarding this. If there is more info, please redirect me to that info. I have version 2.3.4 and 2.4 installed on windows and i thought that by switching the PYTHONPATH parameter to the dir of the 2.4 version that that would make python 2.4 active. However when i envoke python from the commandline, it still runs 2.3.4 Is it possible to have 2 versions installed and switching versions when you need to? How can i do that? Thanks, Benedict -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: parameterized metaclass (or metametaclass)
I was wondering if there is some simpler way of building parameterized metaclasses ? Why not just a function returning metaclasses? def metaFactory(*args): dic = something possibly depending on args return type(somemetaclass, (type,), dic) Alternatively, a metaclass classmethod returning a metaclass, so that you can use something like __metaclass__ = MyMetaclass.with(*args) # classmethod returning a metaclass Michele Simionato -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Developing Commercial Applications in Python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Can somebody there to point me any good commercial applications developed using python ? Python is used in several games, including Temple of Elemental Evil and the forthcoming Civilization 4. Humungous Games, which makes software for children, is also using Python. Sorry if games would give your boss the wrong impression... Most commercial software houses don't advertise details of their development platforms. Nick -- # sigmask || 0.2 || 20030107 || public domain || feed this to a python print reduce(lambda x,y:x+chr(ord(y)-1),' Ojdl!Wbshjti!=obwAcboefstobudi/psh?') -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nevow Tutorial and sample app
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Can any one redirect me to a good nevow tutorial and/or a an appliction that is niether too big nor too small and can be help in learning nevow. Nevow tutorial with the distrubution is too simple and it You should probably look at all the examples in the latest svn release. I've made some changes on the way examples directory work and now you can run all the examples by just running: twistd -noy examples.tac It will create a local webserver at http://localhost:8080/ with an index of all the examples (in difficulty order) with colored browseable source code and the live example. Plus you can access each sample application's (like the blog engine or the interactive chat server, or the pastebin) source code. Examples should scale well from very simple and basic hello world to very sophisticated ones like the blog engine which uses also xmlrpc and smtp protocols, or live pages like chatola. -- Valentino Volonghi aka Dialtone Now Running MacOSX 10.3.7 Blog: http://vvolonghi.blogspot.com http://weever.berlios.de -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: get the IP address of a host
Jp Calderone wrote:
On Thu, 06 Jan 2005 14:35:16 +0100, J Berends [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
From several approached I came up with the following code:
def getipaddr(hostname='default'):
Given a hostname, perform a standard (forward) lookup and return
a list of IP addresses for that host.
if hostname == 'default':
hostname = socket.gethostname()
ips = socket.gethostbyname_ex(hostname)[2]
ips = [i for i in ips if i.split('.')[0] != '127']
if len(ips) != 0:
# check if we have succes in determining outside IP
ip = ips[0]
elif len(ips) == 0 and hostname == socket.gethostname():
# when we want to determine local IP and did not have succes
# with gethostbyname_ex then we would like to connect to say...
# google.com and determine the local ip address bound to the
# local socket.
try:
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(('google.com', 80))
print ('___ connecting to internet to determine local ip')
ip = s.getsockname()[0]
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(('1.2.3.4', 56))
ip = s.getsockname()[0]
del s
except:
print ('*** cannot connect to internet in order to \
determine outside IP address')
raise Exception
if len(ip) != 0:
return ip
else:
print ('*** unable to determine outside IP address')
raise Exception
It returns the IP address with which it connects to the world (not lo),
might be a pvt LAN address or an internet routed IP. Depend on where the
host is.
I hate the google trick actually, so any suggestions to something better
is always welcome.
Jp
thanks implemented and works like a charm.
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File Handling Problems Python I/O
Hi, I am having a problem with Python. I am new to Python as a programming language, but I do have experience in other languages. I am experiencing strange problems with File handling and wonder if anyone else has seen this or knows what I am doing wrong. I am simply trying to open a file for read and iterate through until the end of file. I am able to do so without a problem, but here's the catch: The open statement is only working on certain files. I open a simple text file say file1.txt without any issues, but I change the open statement to another text file and it error's out stating the file doesn't exist. I know the code is correct because it worked for the other file. I have tried both binary and ascii modes to no avail. Any idea why this is happening? I am running Python 2.3.4 wxPython 2.5.3.1 and SPE as the IDE on Win2k. Thanks Josh -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Embedding a restricted python interpreter
Jp Calderone [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: A Python sandbox would be useful, but the hosting provider's excuse for not allowing you to use mod_python is completely bogus. All the necessary security tools for that situation are provided by the platform in the form of process and user separation. But mod_python is an apache module and runs in the same apache process with other users' scripts. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: File Handling Problems Python I/O
Title: RE: File Handling Problems Python I/O
[Josh]
#- able to do so without a problem, but here's the catch: The open
#- statement is only working on certain files. I open a simple text file
#- say file1.txt without any issues, but I change the open statement to
#- another text file and it error's out stating the file
#- doesn't exist. I
#- know the code is correct because it worked for the other file. I have
#- tried both binary and ascii modes to no avail. Any idea why this is
#- happening? I am running Python 2.3.4 wxPython 2.5.3.1 and SPE as the
#- IDE on Win2k. Thanks
Could you please post the actual code?
Also, post the result to the following: os.listdir('.').
. Facundo
Bitácora De Vuelo: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog
PyAr - Python Argentina: http://pyar.decode.com.ar/
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ADVERTENCIA.
La información contenida en este mensaje y cualquier archivo anexo al mismo, son para uso exclusivo del destinatario y pueden contener información confidencial o propietaria, cuya divulgación es sancionada por la ley.
Si Ud. No es uno de los destinatarios consignados o la persona responsable de hacer llegar este mensaje a los destinatarios consignados, no está autorizado a divulgar, copiar, distribuir o retener información (o parte de ella) contenida en este mensaje. Por favor notifÃquenos respondiendo al remitente, borre el mensaje original y borre las copias (impresas o grabadas en cualquier medio magnético) que pueda haber realizado del mismo.
Todas las opiniones contenidas en este mail son propias del autor del mensaje y no necesariamente coinciden con las de Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. o alguna empresa asociada.
Los mensajes electrónicos pueden ser alterados, motivo por el cual Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. no aceptará ninguna obligación cualquiera sea el resultante de este mensaje.
Muchas Gracias.
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Re: Developing Commercial Applications in Python
Nick Vargish wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Can somebody there to point me any good commercial applications developed using python ? Python is used in several games ... Also see Python Success Stories: http://pythonology.org/success A notable example is Verity's search engine -- see http://python.oreilly.com/news/PythonSS.pdf Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OT: spacing of code in Google Groups
Jacek Generowicz wrote: Peter Hansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Why the heck would I ever have to do rectangle operations on a regular basis? ;-) Well, given that all editors are cat equivalent[*], you don't _have_ to use any of their features :-) This cat equivalent thing is a red-herring. I can rarely type more than a line of code without making a typographical error. Sometimes I won't catch that error until a bit later. Using cat alone would provide me little opportunity to fix the error, so I would never be able to produce a working program longer than a few lines. You might call this simply less productive (though I'd argue it becomes a qualitative difference). But, okay, let's work from there... But just like Python (particularly in the hands of a skilled Python programmer) is more productive than a Turing Machine, any featureful editor (in the hands of an experienced user) is far more productive than cat file. I don't disagree. I do, however, claim that the set of features that are required to make *me* orders of magnitude more productive than cat (to use your quantitative comparison) is very, very small. And that I use less than 2% of the features most editors have. And that if a programmer with equal abilities managed to learn to use 98% of the features of such an editor, such that he could readily use whichever such feature was most effective at any given time, he would not be more than 10% more effective than I am. But the whole argument is fairly moot... I've needed a rectangle operation only once in the last ten years, and if I hadn't known at the time that my editor could do it (and spent about half an hour figuring out how it worked), I could have written a utility to do the job faster if I'd been using Python at the time... Cheers, -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Embedding a restricted python interpreter
Jp Calderone wrote: [...] A Python sandbox would be useful, but the hosting provider's excuse for not allowing you to use mod_python is completely bogus. All the necessary security tools for that situation are provided by the platform in the form of process and user separation. Not sure this is strictly true: mod_python gets loaded into the server's address space and gives the ability to add any type of handler. While Apache might well be able to respawn failed subprocesses, it's not something that most hosting providers would like to have to do all the time for many hosted sites. regards Steve -- Steve Holden http://www.holdenweb.com/ Python Web Programming http://pydish.holdenweb.com/ Holden Web LLC +1 703 861 4237 +1 800 494 3119 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PyAr - Python Argentina 5th Meeting, Thursday, January 13th
Title: PyAr - Python Argentina 5th Meeting, Thursday, January 13th The Argentinian Python User Group, PyAr, will have its fifth meeting this Thursday, January 13th at 7:00pm. Please see http://pyar.decode.com.ar/Wiki/ProximaReunion for details (in Spanish.) Agenda -- Despite our agenda tends to be rather open, this time we would like to cover these topics: - Planning of our first sprint: we actually have two main subjects: Messages Queues Manager with interfaces for SMTP (e-mail), SMPP (SMS) and MM7 (MMS); and Genetic Algorithms. - Website organization content - Means of promoting the group's activities, in order to increase our member base. Where - We're meeting at Hip Hop Bar, Hipólito Yirigoyen 640, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, starting at 19hs. We will be in the back room, so please ask the barman for us. About PyAr -- For more information on PyAr see http://pyar.decode.com.ar (in Spanish), or join our mailing list (Also in Spanish. For instructions see http://pyar.decode.com.ar/Members/ltorre/listademail) We meet on the second Thursday of every month. . Facundo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADVERTENCIA. La información contenida en este mensaje y cualquier archivo anexo al mismo, son para uso exclusivo del destinatario y pueden contener información confidencial o propietaria, cuya divulgación es sancionada por la ley. Si Ud. No es uno de los destinatarios consignados o la persona responsable de hacer llegar este mensaje a los destinatarios consignados, no está autorizado a divulgar, copiar, distribuir o retener información (o parte de ella) contenida en este mensaje. Por favor notifÃquenos respondiendo al remitente, borre el mensaje original y borre las copias (impresas o grabadas en cualquier medio magnético) que pueda haber realizado del mismo. Todas las opiniones contenidas en este mail son propias del autor del mensaje y no necesariamente coinciden con las de Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. o alguna empresa asociada. Los mensajes electrónicos pueden ser alterados, motivo por el cual Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. no aceptará ninguna obligación cualquiera sea el resultante de este mensaje. Muchas Gracias. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Embedding a restricted python interpreter
On 06 Jan 2005 07:32:25 -0800, Paul Rubin http://phr.cx@nospam.invalid wrote: Jp Calderone [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: A Python sandbox would be useful, but the hosting provider's excuse for not allowing you to use mod_python is completely bogus. All the necessary security tools for that situation are provided by the platform in the form of process and user separation. But mod_python is an apache module and runs in the same apache process with other users' scripts. I am uncertain as to how this differs from mod_php (the alternative discussed in the OP's story). I've been away from PHP for a while, so perhaps mod_php has gained some features of which I am unaware? Jp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: 2 versions of python on 1 machine
flupke wrote: I have version 2.3.4 and 2.4 installed on windows and i thought that by switching the PYTHONPATH parameter to the dir of the 2.4 version that that would make python 2.4 active. However when i envoke python from the commandline, it still runs 2.3.4 Is it possible to have 2 versions installed and switching versions when you need to? How can i do that? You need to put the path to the desired version in the PATH environment variable. You shoudn't need to change PYTHONPATH at all. -- Aaron Bingham Application Developer Cenix BioScience GmbH -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Embedding a restricted python interpreter
On Thu, Jan 06, 2005 at 07:32:25AM -0800, Paul Rubin wrote: Jp Calderone [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: A Python sandbox would be useful, but the hosting provider's excuse for not allowing you to use mod_python is completely bogus. All the necessary security tools for that situation are provided by the platform in the form of process and user separation. But mod_python is an apache module and runs in the same apache process with other users' scripts. Which is why it's a good idea for each customer to have it's own system user and their virtual hosts running under this uid. Which was the idea for the perchild MPM for Apache 2 - which is abandoned now :-( muxmpm is a replacement project in beta. This really sucks when you use Apache2. I myself did make the switch some time ago, then noticed that this (for me) important feature was missing. It now works, somehow, but to make it work properly I'd need to either: - go back to Apache 1.3.x, missing some nice improvements - use different webservers per user, put them together with mod_proxy (yuck!) -- Gerhard signature.asc Description: Digital signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Handling Problems Python I/O
I don't think we can help if you don't post some of your code. Regards, Arjen Josh wrote: Hi, I am having a problem with Python. I am new to Python as a programming language, but I do have experience in other languages. I am experiencing strange problems with File handling and wonder if anyone else has seen this or knows what I am doing wrong. I am simply trying to open a file for read and iterate through until the end of file. I am able to do so without a problem, but here's the catch: The open statement is only working on certain files. I open a simple text file say file1.txt without any issues, but I change the open statement to another text file and it error's out stating the file doesn't exist. I know the code is correct because it worked for the other file. I have tried both binary and ascii modes to no avail. Any idea why this is happening? I am running Python 2.3.4 wxPython 2.5.3.1 and SPE as the IDE on Win2k. Thanks Josh -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: 2 versions of python on 1 machine
flupke wrote: I have version 2.3.4 and 2.4 installed on windows and i thought that by switching the PYTHONPATH parameter to the dir of the 2.4 version that that would make python 2.4 active. That is not the purpose of PYTHONPATH. I'd suggest removing any definition of this environment variable that you have, unless you have a specific reason to use it and know what it actually does. I believe the docs on it are fairly clear, so reading them again might help. Note that if you have installed both versions of Python using the regular installer, the PYTHONPATH information would be redundant anyway because each version puts the necessary info in the Windows registry. However when i envoke python from the commandline, it still runs 2.3.4 Is it possible to have 2 versions installed and switching versions when you need to? It's quite possible. It sounds like your problem is that you have the c:\python23 folder in your PATH (note, not PYTHONPATH, just the old DOS PATH variable). If that's the case, you should probably remove it and use batch files to invoke the different versions instead. How can i do that? On my machine, I have a folder called c:\bin where I put useful batch files. I have a python23.bat and a python24.bat file, which basically just call c:\python23\python.exe or c:\python24\python.exe as required. For various reasons which may or may not apply to you as well, I also have each of them set the PYTHONHOME variable to point to the right folder as well. The content of each batch file is like this: @echo off c:\python23\python.exe %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9 -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OT: spacing of code in Google Groups
On 2005-01-06, Steve Holden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Peter Hansen wrote: [...] But the whole argument is fairly moot... I've needed a rectangle operation only once in the last ten years, and if I hadn't known at the time that my editor could do it (and spent about half an hour figuring out how it worked), I could have written a utility to do the job faster if I'd been using Python at the time... Or even used cut(1) from the command line. IIRC, that was the first thing suggested. Using rectangular operations in an editor was a ways down the list of alternatives. -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! Is this ANYWHERE, at USA? visi.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Handling Problems Python I/O
Josh wrote: I am having a problem with Python. I am new to Python as a programming language, but I do have experience in other languages. I am experiencing strange problems with File handling and wonder if anyone else has seen this or knows what I am doing wrong. I am simply trying to open a file for read and iterate through until the end of file. I am able to do so without a problem, but here's the catch: The open statement is only working on certain files. I open a simple text file say file1.txt without any issues, but I change the open statement to another text file and it error's out stating the file doesn't exist. The usual rookie mistake here is to fail to recognize that backslashes in strings are interpreted as special escape sequences if they precede certain characters such as t or b. You probably have a path that looks like this: c:\temp\myfile.txt, right? The \t is actually being converted into a TAB character. You can use *forward* slashes in most cases in Windows, except on the command line. The simplest fix is just to convert your backslashes to forward slashes: c:/temp/myfile.txt Another approach, somewhat less desirable, is to use raw strings instead, to prevent the escape sequences from being recognized: rc:\temp\myfile.txt Finally, and by far least desirable, use double-backslashes to escape each backslash and in effect nullify the usual escape handling: c:\\temp\\myfile.txt Much less readable that way, but sometimes the right thing to do... -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OT: spacing of code in Google Groups
Steve Holden wrote: Peter Hansen wrote: But the whole argument is fairly moot... I've needed a rectangle operation only once in the last ten years, and if I hadn't known at the time that my editor could do it (and spent about half an hour figuring out how it worked), I could have written a utility to do the job faster if I'd been using Python at the time... Or even used cut(1) from the command line. Or myybe not :-) Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. c:\cut 'cut' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OT: spacing of code in Google Groups
On 2005-01-06, Peter Hansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Steve Holden wrote: Peter Hansen wrote: But the whole argument is fairly moot... I've needed a rectangle operation only once in the last ten years, and if I hadn't known at the time that my editor could do it (and spent about half an hour figuring out how it worked), I could have written a utility to do the job faster if I'd been using Python at the time... Or even used cut(1) from the command line. Or myybe not :-) Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. c:\ That's not a command line. ;) 'cut' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! I am having FUN... I at wonder if it's NET FUN or visi.comGROSS FUN? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Developing Commercial Applications in Python
Nick Vargish wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Can somebody there to point me any good commercial applications developed using python ? Python is used in several games, including Temple of Elemental Evil and the forthcoming Civilization 4. Humungous Games, which makes software for children, is also using Python. Sorry if games would give your boss the wrong impression... Also Startrek Bridge Commander, and Uru: Ages beyond Myst. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The Industry choice
Alex Martelli wrote: Roel Schroeven [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Can you point to closed-source licenses that allow using the code *at all*? As I recall, for example, Microsoft Visual C++ came with sources for various libraries; all that the (closed-source) license for those libraries forbade you from doing was to further distribute the _sources_ themselves. You could do modifications big or small to those libraries for whatever purposes, and redistribute the _compiled_ form of the code as a DLL, or statically linked into your own programs, etc, etc. Is this what you mean by allow using the code *at all*? I think it's a pretty common arrangement when the code being sold under closed-source terms is a set of libraries, or a development system part of whose value is a set of accompanying libraries. OK, I've been bitten by my exageration. There are indeed special cases such as some libraries. I was thinking more of end-user packages: if you somehow could lay your hands on the source code of Visual Studio itself, you're still not allowed to do anything with it. -- Codito ergo sum Roel Schroeven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: OT: spacing of code in Google Groups
[Peter Hansen] | [Steve Holden] | Peter Hansen wrote: | But the whole argument is fairly moot... I've needed a rectangle | operation only once in the last ten years, and if I hadn't known at | the time that my editor could do it (and spent about half an hour | figuring out how it worked), I could have written a utility to | do the job faster if I'd been using Python at the time... | | Or even used cut(1) from the command line. | | Or myybe not :-) | | Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] | (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. | | c:\cut | 'cut' is not recognized as an internal or external command, | operable program or batch file. Thanks goodness for UnxUtils, is what I say: http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/ (But you probably knew that!) Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. o:\scripts\work_in_progress\timc:\tools\cut --help Usage: c:\tools\cut [OPTION]... [FILE]... Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output. TJG This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit: http://www.star.net.uk -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Developing Commercial Applications in Python
Can somebody there to point me any good commercial applications developed using python ? Yet another game but it's a huge one with a massive DB behind it. http://www.eve-online.com -- Steve Hughes -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
curses is not imported under Linux (and Python 2.4)
import curses produces the ImportError: No module named _curses (from _curses import * in line 15 in __init__.py) Of course imp.find_module (_curses) reports the same error. How can I make use of the curses package for writing a Python script with curses? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: curses is not imported under Linux (and Python 2.4)
Konrad Koller wrote: import curses produces the ImportError: No module named _curses (from _curses import * in line 15 in __init__.py) Of course imp.find_module (_curses) reports the same error. How can I make use of the curses package for writing a Python script with curses? I get the same thing under Windows: _curses is the compiled extension supporting the curses library, so I must presume that isn't supported by default on Windows. No problems under Cygwin or on Linux. Googling for python curses windows might provide a few pointers. regards Steve -- Steve Holden http://www.holdenweb.com/ Python Web Programming http://pydish.holdenweb.com/ Holden Web LLC +1 703 861 4237 +1 800 494 3119 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The Industry choice
Roel Schroeven [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... Can you point to closed-source licenses that allow using the code *at all*? ... Is this what you mean by allow using the code *at all*? I think it's a pretty common arrangement when the code being sold under closed-source terms is a set of libraries, or a development system part of whose value is a set of accompanying libraries. OK, I've been bitten by my exageration. There are indeed special cases such as some libraries. I was thinking more of end-user packages: if you somehow could lay your hands on the source code of Visual Studio itself, you're still not allowed to do anything with it. Yes, apart from libraries and similar cases (frameworks etc), it's no doubt rare for closed-source end-user packages to be sold with licenses that include source and allow you to do anything with it. However, allowing customization (at least for internal use within the customer organization), while rare, is far from unheard of. I used to work for a software house which sold rich and complex packages of software meant for 3D mechanical design. The packages came with tens of thousands of lines of (closed-source) code, in a proprietary scripting language implemented by the package itself, which users (typically mechanical engineers) were _expected_ to tweak to customize the overall product for their specific purposes -- such modified parts of the scripting source of the overall product were routinely shared among different customers, and occasionally sold from one to another. The choice of which parts of code in the scripting language were made thus customizable and sharable was quite deliberate: the application contained much more code in that scripting language, but most of it was only distributed in compiled form (or even with the compiled form already turned into data in some library or executable) -- the parts that were sold as sources were picked to be those which would be most useful for customers to customize and share, yet not damage the business model of the software house. (and yes, it WAS closed source software, anyway -- customers were theoretically not permitted to give our source or derived works thereof to others who _weren't_ customers, I think; anyway the engine needed to run the scripts was not redistributable, so that provisions, if there, was of modest value). I wouldn't be surprised if such a mixed model was reasonably common among end-user packages which include a substantial proprietary scripting component, particularly if the end-users are expected to be technically skilled (mechanical engineers aren't programmers, but they will probably have some vague clue about it; a consumer product might be different). Just a guess, but, wouldn't, say, Mathematica or some similar closed-source product benefit from this kind of arrangement -- including, as part of the product being sold, some rich amount of scripting code, freely customizable and sharable among customers (perhaps with the license prohibiting giving it away to non-customers)? I believe some (closed-source) games, including ones which use Python as their scripting language, may also do something of the kind -- include Python sources for scenarios with full license to tweak and redistribute (making new scenarios which are derived works of ones sold by the games' authors). Here the language is not proprietary but no doubt the scripts use large amounts of calls to proprietary modules, so again there is no damage to the game author's business model anyway. Hmmm, come to think of it, doesn't Apple include very large amount of working Applescript code with many of its closed-source applications? So, although your general point is no doubt sound, almost by definition of closed source, you may perhaps still need to tweak it further, beyond libraries and frameworks, to also exclude that closed source with is a scripting, configuration, or otherwise ancillary part of the application. One last reflection -- I believe there are or used to be some programs written by people no doubt of very good will, distributed with all sources and often with no profit motive at all, which are NOT open source because they include in the license some restrictive clause, such as no military use, no use by organizations which perform testing of cosmetics on animals, or something of that kind. These would be examples of closed-source software which DO allow ALMOST any kind of use -- any EXCEPT the specific one the authors dislike so intensely. While most people may not think of such programs as closed source, they most definitely ARE: the definition of open source is very strict about this aspect. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
wsse:Security header
Hi, all, I would like to use Python to generate SOAP message with wsse:Security, UsernameToken header, does anyone has some example how to using ZSI? Thanks Angie -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How about pure virtual methods?
Noam Raphael [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Thanks for your suggestion, but it has several problems which the added
class solves:
* This is a very long code just to write you must implement this
method. Having a standard way to say that is better.
* You can instantiate the base class, which doesn't make sense.
* You must use testing to check whether a concrete class which you
derived from the base class really implemented all the abstract methods.
Testing is a good thing, but it seems to me that when the code specifies
exactly what should happen, and it doesn't make sense for it not to
happen, there's no point in having a separate test for it.
Here's a more refined implementation of the one posted before that
addresses these issues. It defines 'abstractclass', which would be
a nice class decoraror when (and if) class decorators make it into
the language. The extra benefit compared to the MustImplement metaclass
is that it allows a class with no abstract methods to be defined as abstract.
This makes no sense if one defines an abstract class as a class with one
or more abstract (deferred) methods. Perhaps a more useful and general
definition of an abstract class is a class that is not allowed to be
instantiated.
Deferred methods are one reason for making a class uninstantiable, but it's
not the only one. Sometimes it is useful to define a base class that provides
a default implementation of a full protocol, yet disallow its direct
instantiation,
as in the example below.
George
#===
# test_abstract.py
import unittest
from abstract import abstractclass
class AbstractTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_no_abstractmethods(self):
class SomeBase(object):
# This class has no abstract methods; yet calling foo() or bar()
# on an instance of this class would cause infinite recursion.
# Hence it is defined as abstract, and its concrete subclasses
# should override at least one of (foo,bar) in a way that breaks
# the recursion.
def __init__(self, x):
self._x = x
def foo(self, y):
return self.bar(self._x + y)
def bar(self, y):
return self.foo(self._x - y)
SomeBase = abstractclass(SomeBase)
class Derived(SomeBase):
def __init__(self,x):
SomeBase.__init__(self,x)
def foo(self,y):
return self._x * y
self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, SomeBase, 5)
self.assertEquals(Derived(5).bar(2), 15)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
#===
# abstract.py
import inspect
__all__ = [abstractclass, abstractmethod, AbstractCheckMeta]
def abstractclass(cls):
'''Make a class abstract.
Example::
# hopefully class decorators will be supported in python 2.x
# for some x, x4
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
class SomeBase(object):
@abstractmethod
def function(self):
Implement me
# the only way as of python 2.4
SomeBase = abstractclass(SomeBase)
@param cls: A new-style class object.
@return: A surrogate of C{cls} that behaves as abstract. The returned
class raises NotImplementedError if attempted to be instantiated
directly; still its subclasses may call its __init__. A subclass of
the returned class is also abstract if it has one or more abstract
methods, or if it is also explicitly decorated by this function. A
method is declared abstract by being assigned to NotImplemented (or
decorated by L{abstractmethod}).
@raise TypeError: If there is a metaclass conflict between C{type(cls)}
and L{AbstractCheckMeta}, or if C{cls} has an C{__abstractmethods__}
attribute.
'''
# check if cls has AbstractCheckMeta (or a subtype) for metaclass
metaclass = type(cls)
if not issubclass(metaclass, AbstractCheckMeta):
# it doesn't; try to make AbstractCheckMeta its metaclass by
# inheriting from _AbstractCheck
cls = metaclass(cls.__name__, (_AbstractCheck,) + cls.__bases__,
dict(cls.__dict__))
# replace __init__ with a proxy ensuring that __init__ is called by a
# subclass (but not directly)
old_init = getattr(cls,'__init__',None)
def new_init(self,*args,**kwds):
if self.__class__ is cls:
raise NotImplementedError(%s is an abstract class % cls.__name__)
if old_init is not None:
old_init(self,*args,**kwds)
setattr(cls,'__init__',new_init)
return cls
def abstractmethod(function):
'''A method decorator for those who prefer the parameters declared.'''
return NotImplemented
class AbstractCheckMeta(type):
'''A metaclass to detect instantiation of abstract classes.'''
def
Re: File Handling Problems Python I/O
Peter, Thank you for the rookie correction. That was my exact problem. I changed the address to use forward slashes and it works perfect. I did not know that a backslash had special meaning within a string, but now I do! Thanks again Josh -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another PythonWin Excel question
It's me [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Yes, I read about that but unfortunately I have no experience with VBA *at all*. :=( You don't really have to know VBA, but if you're going to try to interact with COM objects from Python, you'll find it much smoother if you at least use any available reference information for the COM object model and interfaces you are using. In the Excel case, that means understanding - or at least knowing how to look in a reference - its object model, since that will tell you exactly what parameters an Add method on a worksheet object will take and how they work. For excel, online documentation can be found in a VBAXL9.CHM help file (the 9 may differ based on Excel release), but it might not always be installed depending on what options were selected on your system. In my English, Office 2000 installation, for example, the files are located in: c:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office\1033 You can load that file directly, or Excel itself will reference it from within the script editor help (Tools-Macro-Visual Basic Editor, then F1 for help). If you methods or classes and have the help installed it'll bring in the reference. You can also find it on MSDN on the web, although it can be tricky to navigate down to the right section - the top of the Office 2000 object documentation should be available at: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/odeomg/html/deovrobjectmodelguide.asp This is mostly reference information, but there are some higher level discussions of overall objects (e.g., worksheets, workbooks, cells, etc...) too. -- David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Handling Problems Python I/O
Josh wrote: Peter, Thank you for the rookie correction. That was my exact problem. I changed the address to use forward slashes and it works perfect. I did not know that a backslash had special meaning within a string, but now I do! Thanks again you may want to check python gotchas to avoid other typical newbie errors: http://www.ferg.org/projects/python_gotchas.html HTH, deelan -- Vedrai come ti tratteranno le mie TV Berlusconi a Follini (Luglio 2004) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another PythonWin Excel question
Thanks, David Bolen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] It's me [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Yes, I read about that but unfortunately I have no experience with VBA *at all*. :=( You don't really have to know VBA, but if you're going to try to interact with COM objects from Python, you'll find it much smoother if you at least use any available reference information for the COM object model and interfaces you are using. In the Excel case, that means understanding - or at least knowing how to look in a reference - its object model, since that will tell you exactly what parameters an Add method on a worksheet object will take and how they work. For excel, online documentation can be found in a VBAXL9.CHM help file (the 9 may differ based on Excel release), but it might not always be installed depending on what options were selected on your system. In my English, Office 2000 installation, for example, the files are located in: c:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office\1033 You can load that file directly, or Excel itself will reference it from within the script editor help (Tools-Macro-Visual Basic Editor, then F1 for help). If you methods or classes and have the help installed it'll bring in the reference. You can also find it on MSDN on the web, although it can be tricky to navigate down to the right section - the top of the Office 2000 object documentation should be available at: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/odeomg/html/deovrobjectmodelguide.asp This is mostly reference information, but there are some higher level discussions of overall objects (e.g., worksheets, workbooks, cells, etc...) too. -- David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The Industry choice
Steve Holden wrote: Bulba! wrote: I was utterly shocked. Having grown up in Soviet times I have been used to seeing precious resources wasted by organizations as if resources were growing on trees, but smth like this?! In a shining ideal country of Germany?! Unthinkable. Indeed not. Quite often the brown paper bag is a factor in purchases like this. I wouldn't be at all surprised if somebody with a major input to the decision-making process retired to a nice place in the country shortly afterwards. You appear to be making the mistake of believing that people will act in the larger interest, when sadly most individuals tend to put their own interests first (some would go as far as to define self-interest as the determinant of behavior). Indeed, it is almost expected that those in charge of any large organization (whether government, corporation, trade union, industry association, fan club, or whatever else) are likely to act in their personal interests at the expense of the organization's interests. This is why things like public-disclosure laws and oversight committees exist. As they say, power corrupts. (Of course, this is not at all limited to people in charge; it's just most notable there, since those people can direct the efforts of the rest of the organization for their personal gain, whereas a rank-and-file member can typically only direct their own efforts.) It's also noteworthy to consider that many times, waste happens not because of corruption or self-interest, but simply because of errors of judgement. Humans being as we are, it's inevitable that over time, some obvious important details will escape our attention, and the resulting imperfect information will result in poor decisions. This is a simple fact of human nature, and (ob-Python ;) ) it's one of the reasons that Python is designed as it is -- it makes a serious effort to reduce the number of details that might escape detection. (One should also consider that many business failures are a case of simply having played the odds and lost. Many ventures depend on outside events playing in a certain way; when by chance those events happen, the decision-makers are called bold and insightful, but if things don't work out, they're called foolish or misguided. Often, though, it was not foolishness but shrewd risk-taking -- if you take a one-in-three chance of making a tenfold return on investment, then 66% of the time you'll lose but if you hit those odds just once, you'll come out way ahead.) Jeff Shannon Technician/Programmer Credit International -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Download .jpg from web
Hello All. Using a network camera with built-in webserver, I'd like to have a python program download .jpg files on a local lan. the location is http://ip-address/jpg/image.jpg. Currently, I'm importing urllib and using urlopen to the address, then read()-ing it, saving it to a binary file. All that is working great, but maybe a bit slowly. I'm getting ~2.3 frames per second, and would like between 5-10 frames per second. Am I approaching this incorrectly? I have to do a urlopen, then .read() for each image. Is there any way to 'persist' the urlopen so I just have to keep read()-ing or maybe is there a type of streaming read? I have many cameras, so there are many threads simultaneously reading and dropping them in a central Queue for saving later. I appreciate it! -Dave WebImage = urllib.urlopen(http://ip-address/jpg/image.jpg).read() QueuePacket = [] QueuePacket.append(WebImage) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Handling Problems Python I/O
Josh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... He is the function where I am making the call. If I change the open statment to another file, say c:\test.txt, a file I know exists, it Are you sure a file exist whose name is, c, colon, tab, e, s, t ...? \t is an escape sequence and it means TAB (character of ascii code 9). Try 'c:/test.txt' -- using normal slash instead the backslash -- and you should be fine. You mention you have some experience with other languages: if those languages include C, or Java, or C++, and many others besides (all which use backslashes for escape sequences in strings), you'd have exactly the same issues. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python evolution: Unease
On 05 Jan 2005 23:19:39 -0800, Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bengt Richter) writes: What do you think of automated secure importing/installing from a remote server? You know, you try to import something and it imports a stub that was included as a battery-place-holder and that has basic help info and will give you reasonable options in directing the installation of the full thing (or subset you are interested in). You mean for Python modules, in ordinary operation? I'd hate that. For things like apt-get, used for installing nonstandard programs or getting security updates, I guess it's about as good as one can hope for. The user has to activate it explicitly though. I definitely don't want my computer opening internet connections unless I specifically ask it to. Doing otherwise is almost spyware. I agree 1000% !! Importing a stub should get you an imported stub that prints info as it imports, so you know its not functional. And just gives you the options to type help(themodule) or if you know you want to go ahead, themodule.install() -- and nothing would touch the internet until you gave a final yes to an Are you sure at the end of a what-will-happen-if-you-say-yes summary. I didn't mean any activity that you don't control. Just activity that you can control easily. This may sound a little extreme but my distribution philosophy is I'd like to get closer to an environment where users normally never install any software of any type, ever. Microsoft cornered the OS market cornered by acheiving something pretty close to this: they deliver Windows with no installation needed. When people buy new computers, Windows is already on the hard drive, so the user just turns the computer on and Windows is there. It makes a lot of sense for a core plus a delivered specific application base, but IMO if you try to cover the world with a monolith you will inevitably still have the problem of getting the latest version of particular packages for bug fixes or enhancements. The more you have in your giant collection the more that will be true. Fedora Core (what I'm running now) isn't shipped that way by any computer makers that I know of, but it makes up for it by having lots of applications included. So I buy a new computer, put in the bootable Fedora DVD-ROM, and sit back for half an hour while a one-time installation runs. That's about as close as I can get to just turning on the new computer and having Fedora already there. I don't see why every gee whiz thing has to be on your hard disk from the first. And for those that want a big grabbag, the stubs ought to be designed to to be runnable from a configured script, so you can turn it loose and see what's up IRL. If I have a 400 gig hard drive, I don't see why I need 99.99% of it empty instead of 99.0% after I do my OS install. I don't want to hassle over downloading stuff for hours or days at a time, or about what components depend on other components, if the distro can just include it. I just tried to install a Python program that uses wxPython, except that meant I had to download both wxPython and wxWidgets, and the installations failed because of some version mismatch between the current wxWidgets distro and the version of GTK included with FC3. I spent an hour or so messing with it and then said screw it and gave up on the GUI part of that program. I'm more technical than most users (I'm a programmer) yet this installation stuff is too much hassle even for me. So I'd really rather that all that stuff be pre-configured. There are several parts to those frustrations. But you are presuming that they would have been solved for you and put on a DVD with all dependency problems resolved. Ok, let's assume that. In that case, an installation stub module could just as well have the solution built into it as to what versions etc are needed to make the module work. With a large collection, you may need several versions of some support libs. To bring a large collection into version-alignment ISTM you need a version freeze across too many libraries of different kinds with different development schedules and resources to make it reliable. So you're still going to need the ability to add updates and new modules and more. I'd rather see effort going into making that process simple and reliable (and fully controlled by the user -- i.e. no unauthorized hidden internet activity!!) than to solve the same version problems for some mega DVD make file where you don't have the script and config info in a concise single-problem stub form, and can't ask here for help finding an updated stub. It's a matter of being able to limit the problem you need to solve when something particular doesn't work. When your wxPython-using program didn't work, wouldn't it have been nice to have downloaded a standard stub program (with older stub versions still available if you have an older system) and have it tell you what was missing that it
Re: Other notes
Me (BTW, it needs to be 1 .. 12 not 1..12 because 1. will be interpreted as the floating point value 1.0.) Steve Holden: Indeed, but if .. is defined as an acceptable token then there's nothing to stop a strict LL(1) parser from disambiguating the cases in question. Token is not the same thing as character. Python's tokenizer is greedy and doesn't take part in the lookahead. When it sees 1..12 the longest match is for 1. which is a float. What remains is .2. That also gets tokenized as a float. float float is not allowed in Python so the parser raises an compile time SyntaxError exception 1..12 File stdin, line 1 1..12 ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax Consider the alternative of 1..a. Again 1. is tokenized as a float. What remains is .a. The longest match is . with a remaining. Then the next token is a. The token stream looks like float 1.0dotname a which gets converted to the same thing as getattr(1.0, a) That is legal syntax but floats don't have the a property so Python raises an AttributeError at run-time. 1..a Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? AttributeError: 'float' object has no attribute 'a' Here's a property that does exist 1..__abs__ method-wrapper object at 0x547d0 Because of the greedy lexing it isn't possible to do 1.__abs__ to get the __abs__ method of an integer. That's because the token stream is float 1.0name __abs__ which is a syntax error. 1.__abs__ File stdin, line 1 1.__abs__ ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax One way to avoid that is to use 1 .__abs__. See the space after the 1? The tokenizer for this case creates integer 1dotname __abs__ which create code equivalent to getattr(1, __abs__) and is valid syntax 1 .__abs__ method-wrapper object at 0x54ab0 Another option is to use parentheses: (1).__abs__ I prefer this latter option because the () is easier to see than a space. But I prefer using getattr even more. Andrew [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Building unique comma-delimited list?
On 5 Jan 2005 17:05:40 -0500, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Roy Smith) wrote:
I've got a silly little problem that I'm solving in C++, but I got to
thinking about how much easier it would be in Python. Here's the
problem:
You've got a list of words (actually, they're found by searching a
data structure on the fly, but for now let's assume you've got them as
a list). You need to create a comma-delimited list of these words.
There might be duplicates in the original list, which you want to
eliminate in the final list. You don't care what order they're in,
except that there is a distinguised word which must come first if it
appears at all.
Some examples (foo is the distinguised word):
[foo] = foo
[foo, bar] = foo, bar
[bar, foo] = foo, bar
[bar, foo, foo, baz, bar] = foo, bar, baz or foo, baz, bar
The best I've come up with is the following. Can anybody think of a
simplier way?
(Not tested beyond what you see ;-)
python 2.4:
words = [foo, bar, baz, foo, bar, foo, baz]
w2 = list(t[1] for t in sorted((w!='foo', w) for w in set(words)))
w2
['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
Gets you a sort in the bargain ;-)
words = [foo, bar, baz, foo, bar, foo, baz]
# Eliminate the duplicates; probably use set() in Python 2.4
Yup, but 2.3 can be a one-liner too:
words = [foo, bar, baz, foo, bar, foo, baz]
w2 = ('foo' in words and ['foo'] or []) + [w for w in
dict(zip(words,words)) if w!='foo']
w2
['foo', 'baz', 'bar']
Not sorted, but foo is out front.
d = dict()
for w in words:
d[w] = w
if d.has_key (foo):
newWords = [foo]
del (d[foo])
else:
newWords = []
for w in d.keys():
newWords.append (w)
s = ', '.join (newWords)
print s
Regards,
Bengt Richter
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: wxPython clipboard
On Thu, 06 Jan 2005 03:27:56 -0800, lbolognini wrote: Could you please give me some advice on the best approach to solve this problem? To the best of my knowledge, and I'd be surprised if this wasn't true, wxPython does not have the necessary tools to do this. That program doesn't even use the clipboard; it uses low-level security flaws* in Windows to directly access text in other programs as it is being typed, watch for trigger text to go by, and then dynamically replace it; all of which is a major security flaw in the absence of user permission. This *particular* application is harmless, but it's still exploiting holes. Since those holes don't exist cross-platform, wxWindows won't reflect them. You'd need to go to the WinAPI, and after that I have no idea what comes next... but I do know it's going to be tricky, painful work and if you didn't already know you needed to do this, you probably don't want to go here. Here There Be Dragons. *: The security flaw lies in the Windows messaging model; once you have a window handle you can send it any message and get back any data you want, including stuffing that window with any new data you want, which is a gaping flaw indeed in a world of buffer exploits. IIRC, there is no way to do any sort of user-based security, so even if you do everything as a low-priv user except use this one program as administrator, if that program has a window on the screen and a buffer overflow, that's a root exploit waiting to be coded. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Embedding a restricted python interpreter
On Thu, 6 Jan 2005 16:53:23 +0100, Gerhard Haering [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: --rwEMma7ioTxnRzrJ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Thu, Jan 06, 2005 at 07:32:25AM -0800, Paul Rubin wrote: Jp Calderone [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: A Python sandbox would be useful, but the hosting provider's excuse for not allowing you to use mod_python is completely bogus. All the=20 necessary security tools for that situation are provided by the=20 platform in the form of process and user separation. =20 But mod_python is an apache module and runs in the same apache process with other users' scripts. Which is why it's a good idea for each customer to have it's own system user and their virtual hosts running under this uid. Which was the idea for the perchild MPM for Apache 2 - which is abandoned now :-( muxmpm is a replacem= ent project in beta. Note to self. Another thing to catch up on ;-/ This really sucks when you use Apache2. I myself did make the switch some t= ime ago, then noticed that this (for me) important feature was missing. It now works, somehow, but to make it work properly I'd need to either: - go back to Apache 1.3.x, missing some nice improvements And maybe have to recompile to enable the setuid stuff. But IIRC after that you can run cgi with everything private and serve only generated stuff to the world if you want. - use different webservers per user, put them together with mod_proxy (yuck= !) Regards, Bengt Richter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
