Announcement: PyMatrix-0.0.1a Released
PyMatrix is a package to provide access to the functionality of matrix algebra. This package is currently based on numarray. It includes a statistics module which includes a basic analysis of variance. In the future it is hoped to enhance the generality of the divide operation, to add the transcendental functions as methods of the matrix class and to improve the documentation. The expectation is that Numeric3 will eventually replace numarray and that this will necessitate some changes to PyMatrix Downloads in the form of a Windows Installer (Inno) and a zip file are available at: http://www3.sympatico.ca/cjw/PyMatrix An /Introduction to PyMatrix/ is available: http://www3.sympatico.ca/cjw/PyMatrix/IntroToPyMatrix.pdf Information on the functions and methods of the matrix module is given at: http://www3.sympatico.ca/cjw/PyMatrix/Doc/matrix-summary.html Colin W. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
Reminder: Sydney Python Meetup - March 10
The Sydney Python Meetup is on again tomorrow, Thursday March 10, at 6:30pm. The topic is web application frameworks, and we are covering four different approaches to building web applications in Python. What: Sydney Python Meetup Web Application Frameworks Speakers: Casey Whitelaw speaking on CGI Mark Rees on WSGI Andy Todd on Quixote Yours Truly on CherryPy When: 6:30pm, presentations commencing at 7:00pm Thursday, March 10 Where: James Squire Brewhouse 22 The Promenade King St Wharf Sydney, NSW The presentations will begin at 7:00 and finish at 8:00. Feel free to stay and discuss the relative merits of those frameworks and other Pythonic topics. Meals, snacks and drinks are available from the bar. Further details and RSVP at: http://python.meetup.com/96/events/4239674/ -- Alan Green ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Cirrus Technologies Pty. Ltd. http://www.cirrustech.com.au +61 2 9299 3544 (w) +61 2 9299 5950 (f) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
BayPIGgies: March 10, 7:30pm (FINAL MEETING AT STANFORD)
WARNING: the last meeting of BayPIGgies at Stanford is currently scheduled for March. Our host, Danny Yoo, is leaving Stanford, and we need to find a new location. If you wish to assist with the search, please join the BayPIGgies mailing list. Meanwhile, let's all give hearty thanks to Danny for helping us find a stable meeting location for so long! The next meeting of BayPIGgies will be Thurs, March 10 at 7:30pm. Donovan Preston will lead a discussion about using Python with OS X, including integrating with PyObjC and GNUStep. BayPIGgies meetings are in Stanford, California. For more information and directions, see http://www.baypiggies.net/ Before the meeting, we may meet at 6pm for dinner in downtown Palo Alto. Discussion of dinner plans is handled on the BayPIGgies mailing list. Advance notice: The April 14 meeting agenda has not been set. Please send e-mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] if you want to suggest an agenda -- and a meeting place! -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ The joy of coding Python should be in seeing short, concise, readable classes that express a lot of action in a small amount of clear code -- not in reams of trivial code that bores the reader to death. --GvR -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
Re: Mysterious Attribute Errors when GUI Programming
Again Thanks to everyone here. Both the GTK and the Tkinter example are running fine now. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to make a list unique?
Delaney, Timothy C (Timothy) wrote: I've proposed this on python-dev, but the general feeling so far is against it. So far the only use case is to remove duplicates without changing order, and there are iterator-based solutions which would normally be preferable. I've needed a dict that would iterate in a specific order many a time. Usually I just make a list that contains the keys and iterate over that instead of dict.keys(). -- Michael Hoffman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to script DOS app that doesn't use stdout
Timothy Grant [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: On Sun, 06 Mar 2005 13:41:57 GMT, Gregor [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: There's a DOS console application I am trying to script (in Python), but it doesn't seem to use stdout or stderr... For example, if I redirect output to a file (cmd file.txt), the output still appears on screen. Similarly, the output pipes returned by popen* don't catch the app's output. How might this app be generating its output? Any thoughts on how it could be captured (perhaps with something in the win32 extensions)? Thanks, Greg. I've had to do this a couple of times but never in recent years. I don't know your exact needs, but the best tool I ever found for this sort of job was called Phantom of the Keyboard. I ran into a couple of apps that I needed data out of and couldn't get it. They'd only output to screen, never to disk. I used Phantom to automate the app to dump data to screen and then capture the screen to disk. Hmmm, interesting. I'll give that app a try. Thanks for the info. Greg. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to upgrade python on Redhat?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This question applies specifically to RHEL 3.0 (actually Whitebox), but also generally to Redhat and probably pretty much every distribution that uses python for distribution-related tasks (configuration managers, rpm package management, yum, etc). So I want to upgrade to python 2.4 on Whitebox 3.0. Ideally I would like python to live in /usr/bin and replace the python 2.2 that ships with RHEL entirely. This gets pretty infeasable when you consider how many packages depend on python 2.2: cd /usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages rpm -qf * | sort | uniq alchemist-1.0.27-1 authconfig-4.3.7-1 ethereal-0.10.3-0.30E.1 file Ft is not owned by any package file _xmlplus is not owned by any package kudzu-1.1.22.2-1 libuser-0.51.7-1 libxml2-python-2.5.10-6 mod_python-3.0.3-3.ent newt-0.51.5-1 parted-1.6.3-29 pygtk2-1.99.16-8 pyOpenSSL-0.5.1-8 pyorbit-1.99.3-5 python-2.2.3-5 python-optik-1.4.1-2 pyxf86config-0.3.5-1 redhat-config-printer-gui-0.6.47.3.19-1 rhnlib-1.5-1.1.WB1 rhpl-0.110.4-1 rpm-python-4.2.2-0.14.WB1 up2date-4.3.19-1.WB1 As best I can tell, I have 2 options: 1) Install python 2.4 from source over /usr/bin/python. Rebuild *all* of the packages listed above from srpms and reinstall them. 2) Give up and install python 2.4 in /usr/local. This leaves me in the awkward situation of having to ensure that all our in-house scripts, all the time use /usr/local/bin/python. I don't suppose there is a simple, rpm package based approach to fixing this? The solution is found on the download page, basically you get the python2.4 rpm and install it alongside your existing python, and run your in-house scripts with /usr/bin/env python2.4: # Q) Is it safe to install these RPMs on a Red Hat system? Will they over-write the system python and cause problems with other Red Hat applications that expect a different version of Python? # A) The RPMs that start with python2.4 are built to not interfere with the system Python. They install as /usr/bin/python2.4 and will not conflict with the system Python unless you are running on a system that ships the a version of Python which has the same major/minor number. To invoke the interpreter with these packages, you will explicitly have to run python2.4. Note that all Python RPMs provided by Python.org and Red Hat provide a /usr/bin/python2.4 (or similar, with major/minor number), even if they also provide /usr/bin/python. So, yes, it should be safe. Note that you may need to build and install a second copy of any packages which you need access to with the supplemental version of Python. You can build packages of these files for the Python 2.4 interpreters for packages which use Distutils, by using the command python2.4 setup.py bdist_rpm. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: mod_python please recompile it with -DEAPI apache warning
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] says... [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: 2) added to MakeFile after config: EXTRA_CFLAGS=-DEAPI You can do this, but it should be to src/Makefile and added to CFLAGS and not EXTRA_CFLAGS as the latter doesn't exist. Thanks I forgot to say I already tried just plain CFLAGS like: CFLAGS=-DEAPI ..but that still doesn't work. Here's what I did: make clean ./configure --with-apxs=/www/bin/apxs vi MakeFile added CFLAGS=-DEAPI to MakeFile make make install /etc/init.d/apachectl configtest ..and that still returns: [Wed Mar 9 00:35:27 2005] [warn] Loaded DSO libexec/mod_python.so uses plain Apache 1.3 API, this module might crash under EAPI! (please recompile it with -DEAPI) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: looking for way to include many times some .py code from anotherpython code
Steve Holden wrote: Martin MOKREJ wrote: Steve Holden wrote: [...] I will be *very* surprised if you can't get a much better (i.e. easier and more efficient) solution by stepping back from the programming Hmm, I'm not convinced, but I'll put few more words here then. ;) details for a moment and explaining what it is you are actually trying to achieve in user-space. Can you describe the problem you are trying to solve, rather than the solution you are hoping to adopt? User inputs data through html forms, data has to be quality-checked and strored into mysql. Later, data is read from mysql and presented through web. There's nothing special in it, just that the tables describe a lot of specific experimental parameters. Tables do reflect type of informations, so they group the data into logical units - so tablename reflects the data contained. In general, there are two types of data, hence my X and Y objects. The underlaying data at some time point go into sql tables. Before that happens, the data == variable contents are checked that they contain expected values (in some cases enumerated values, in some cases integers, sometime chars and only about 6 blobs). I spent a year developing the database schema and php code, the schema is nearly optimal. I got bored by the php code, as it was partly developed by a lazy guy (lazier than I'm). I went fot python - to have better error handling, have not only web app, but reusable code for standalone application (html forms can be replaced by any tcl/tk widget for M$ Windows). Sql transaction I have added to the php code, but anyway it sucks to work with it further. My idea is to check some of the values while instantiating, as I get it for free (assigning either to a default value or raising an exception when variable is empty). In most cases this is not enough, and I have to type in the allowed values. 1. In case of enumerated types, I hope to find a tool able to read sql files and able to extract column definitions. In this particular case, the program would dynamically read allowed ENUM values, so whenever sql table is altered, the program will recognize new value allowed. 2. In most other cases, the values are simply some kind of string, and .find() et al. will suffice. 3. In case data was read from mysql, I can verify that foreign keys refer to what they should refer. OK, I get the data written to mysql. I can fetch it back, and want to dump it into xml and present on web/(local gui). I have the claases corresponding to all tables as superclasses of X and Y as necessary. I went to ask on this list how to assign the variables easily because parts of the code are almost identical. I believe this has been answered quite well. I believe the approach using classes corresponding to every single table is right, when using them as superclasses for those two, practically used objects: X and Y. To print the output on web or any gui, I think I'll use the xml output and just parse it. I need xml anyway for testing, and definitely want to be able to construct the html/GUI output from the xml input - again, for testing. So the objects will more or less exist only to get the necessary checks done for those myriads of variables, which must be evaluated in current context. I'd get crazy if I'd store things into bsbdb -- I'm not going to remember that a[0] is table1, a[1] is table2, a[0][0] is the primary key called blah, a[0][22] is allowed to be equal only to foo or bar ... and that if a[2][4] is defined (actually number), the number is the key to search in c[key]. Simply, that's for what I use mysql I don't want to invent the database schema in bsddb in python. ;) It's simply data, it must be read into variables in some objects, those object are groupped into just two superobjects. The superobjects define check-methods, define how to dump the it's data into xml, how to write (in which order) the values into mysql. I'm sorry not to send in the sql schema + the code, but this is my phd thesis. ;) I'm very glad there's so many people interrested to help - not only - me. Thanks! Now I'm really looking forward how would you rework this thing. It's simple, easy, it's just sometime tedious as having 250 columns in 20 tables simply makes you bored to type the code, after while. The only think where I think I need help is, how to dump easily into xml say object X, having variables a, b, c, where c is a ref. to object B, containing variables p, q, r. B = obj() setattr(B, p, 44) setattr(B, q, sdjahd) setattr(B, r, qew) X = obj() setattr(X, a, 1) setattr(X, a, 2) setattr(X, a, B) print do_magick(X) X a1/a b2/b B p44/p qsdjahd/q rqew/r /B /X I still don't really see why you have to store this thing as objects, but I appreciate that you can only give limited information and still retain the validity of a thesis. The project is not published yet. When it is, I'll make it free. I'm a biologist, and most biologists care only
Re: running a C program with python script
James Stroud wrote: module os the os.popen* commands. The subprocess module in Python 2.4 is generally a better and easier way to do this. -- Michael Hoffman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: firefox python plugin
M.N.A.Smadi schrieb: hi; i want to write a script to do the following: when using firefox to download a textfile, instead of saving it to the hard dist, i want to run a python script on it, and i want the python script then to prompt me for the location where i want to store the processed downloaded file clientside processing could either be done in javascript (possibly disabled on some machines g) or in jython running as an applet. Storing processed data could be considered quite dangerous BG. You have to consider security settings / sandbox approaches here. Unless it is a specific issue for most use cases creating the processed file on the server and offering a link to download would be a better solution... HTH thomas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running a C program with python script
M.N.A.Smadi schrieb: hi; how can i do the following: 1- run a C program from a python script 2- pass that C program an argument 3- Read the out of the program into a buffer that is local to the script thanks m.smadi in addition to the other approaches: if you want only a few specific lines of c you can inline the code. google for scipy, weave, inline and python HTH thomas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[CherryPy]Serve dynamic binary file in cherrypy?
Hi, After lookup in cherrypy site and google for a while, I haven't found any information about cherrypy how to serve dynamic binary file(some generated charts).Is there any easy way to do this? In cherrypy 2.0 python 2.4 -- Best Regards, Wang Kebo http://www.huihoo.org/~mep -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: function with a state
Nevermind. I was thinking too much. :) Thanks. Xah Peter Hansen wrote: Xah Lee wrote: def myFun(var): return var+1 globe = 0 globe = myFun(globe) this is intriguing. How does it work? not a rhetorical question, but where in the python doc can i read about it? The tutorial, presumably, since there is nothing here that isn't covered by the most basic aspects of Python. Really, what did you think was there that was so intriguing? A function is defined. It takes a parameter and returns its value plus one. A variable is created with the value 0. The function is called, passing the value of the variable, and the return value (remember, the function just adds one!) is assigned to the variable. Now globe equals 1. Again, what aspect of this startled you? -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: py2exe Python2.4 and warning: string/unicode conversion
Hello Martin, I'm shipping an application using py2exe. With Python2.3 it worked fine but when switching to Python2.4 I started getting warning: string/unicode conversion all over the place. Any ideas how to solve this (other than using 'filterwarnings')? It is really surprising that you get this, as the only occurrence of the string string/unicode conversion in Python was *removed* in Python 2.4. It was present in 2.3, and occurred if strtoul returned an overflow error. Are you sure you are using Python 2.4? sigh Found out that one of the extension modules was compiled with 2.3 /sigh Thanks Martin. Bye. -- Miki Tebeka [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://tebeka.bizhat.com The only difference between children and adults is the price of the toys pgpCkDvBovDmc.pgp Description: PGP signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to make a list unique?
Delaney, Timothy C (Timothy) wrote: Diez B. Roggisch wrote: This is actually one thing that Java 1.5 has that I'd like to see in Python - the LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap. Very useful data structures. Implementing these is fairly simple. There are two Ordered Dictionary recipes in the cookbook already. Kent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Small but significant memory leak in Pyana XSLT processor
Ola Natvig wrote: I've isolated the problem a bit more. The script will not leak if line 25: transformer.transform2String(transformer.parseSource(xml), xslt) is changed to: transformer.transform2String(xml, xslt) Looks like the DOM tree or at least parts of it are not freed. But there are no need to call parseSource when the XML is different for each iteration, that solves my problem, but the parseSoruce function should free all memory anyways. Yes it should. It's not obvious to me why it doesn't. I'll investage it in detail a bit later. Cheers, Brian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python COM Class Question
I'm trying to use difflib.py from a COM aware language - and, for ease of use, I'm initially trying to get this going from VB6. I've wrappered difflib.py correctly I think, and I can now call into it and call a global method (called 'test' of course). Here's the consuming code: Dim PythonUtils As Object Set PythonUtils = CreateObject(DiffLib.Utils) Debug.Print PythonUtils.test() However, difflib contains classes - like SequenceMatcher, and I've no idea how to get an instance of these from PythonUtils. Can someone help me here please? Thanks pemo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage
Hi again. This question might sound a bit strange, but here I go anyway. I found a tutorial on how to make member areas with ASP. ( It looked very complicated the info I found about making and using cookies to store session ID's with python) Can I use python code and SQL statements in ASP. The example only shows how to log in to a member area if the password is written in the asp code ( I mean the program dosnt connect to a my postgresql database to see if the username/password are correct. I was thinking if I can use some of the code from the tutorial and put my own python code in, I will have solved my problem. I dont know that much about asp but I also found a tutorial on that, which in going to read.. Thanks for your time. The members area tutorial can be found here. http://www.theukwebdesigncompany.com/article.php?id=392 bruce [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] pete... simply use google and search for php scripts login user authentication mysql session etc... these terms will give you lots of examples... you could also look at some of the bulletin board/forum apps that are open source to se what they use. or, you could also look through the code for some of the php content management apps... of course, there are also the open source ecommerce solutions. all of these types of apps have functionality to deal with the user login/registration issues... -regards,,, -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Pete. Sent: Tuesday, March 08, 2005 6:26 PM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage The 2 scripts I made is actually working the way they where meant to. So im kindda happy :) The problem is, that I didnt think about the problem: as Steve wrote: There are other matters of concern, however, the most pressing of which is: How am I going to stop user from navigating directly to page1? Maybee I can find some premade feature, that prevents users to go to page1 without logging in. Any ideas as to where I can find some information about this. Nice that you all take time to help a newbie, so thanks to the helpfull people :) hi... regarding the issue of creating a login (user/passwd) script... there are numerous example scripts/apps written that use php/mysql... i suggest that you take a look at a few and then incoporate the features that you want into your script. from your questions, it seems like this approach will give you a better/faster solution to your problem. -regards -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Steve Holden Sent: Tuesday, March 08, 2005 4:02 PM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage Pete. wrote: Hi all I am working on a log in script for my webpage. I have the username and the password stored in a PostgreSQL database. The first I do is I make a html form, where the user can type in his username and code, when this is done I want to run the script(testifcodeisokay) that verifies that the code and username are the right ones ( that means if they match the particular entered username and password) If they are then I want to load page1 if they are not I want to load the loginpage again. Login page: print '''form action=testifcodeisokay.py'br pUsername:br INPUT type=text NAME=username pCode:br INPUT type=text NAME=code/p''' print '''pinput type=submit value='Submit'/p/form''' print '''/body /html''' This works. Here I store the entered text in the variables username and code I then get the entered value by testifcodeisokay script connect = PgSQL.connect(user=user, password=password, host=host, database=databse) cur = connect.cursor() form = cgi.FieldStorage() username = form[username].value code= form[code].value I then want to test if they match the ones in the database insert_command = SELECT username, code FROM codetable WHERE codetable.username = '%s' AND codetable.code = '%s' %(username, code) cur.execute(insert_command) This is an amazingly bad choice of variable name, since the command doesn't actually insert anything into the database! I should then have found where the entered username,code (on the login page) is the same as those in the database. But now I am stuck. Does any know how I can then do something like: If the codes from the loginpage matches the users codes in the db Then the user should be taken to page1 IF the codes arnt correct the login page should load again. The program dosnt need to remember who the user is, after the user has been loggen in, it is only used to log the user in. Thanks for your time.. The Python you want is almost certainly something like if len(curs.fetchall()) == 1: # username/password was found in db although unless your database is guarantees to contain only one
Re: function with a state
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Xah Lee [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: is it possible in Python to create a function that maintains a variable value? Yes. There's no concept of a 'static' function variable as such, but there are many other ways to achieve the same thing. globe=0; def myFun(): globe=globe+1 return globe [snip] For more complicated cases, it might be better to be explicit and use objects: class Counter: def __init__(self): self.globe= 0 def count(self): self.globe+= 1 return self.globe myFun= Counter().count You can also use generators. def myGenerator(): ...var = 0 ...while True: ... var += 1 ... yield var ... myFun = myGenerator().next myFun() 1 myFun() 2 myFun() 3 myFun() 4 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 2.4 removes None data type?
Warren Postma [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I just read in the 'What's New in Python 2.4' document that the None data type was converted to a constant: http://python.org/doc/2.4/whatsnew/node15.html Implication: A long standing wart in Python now gone. Its time to gloat. Are there any really evil glitches LEFT in Python? Python 2.4 (#1, Dec 1 2004, 14:23:15) [GCC 3.2.3] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. True, False = False, True True False -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[perl-python] a program to delete duplicate files
here's a large exercise that uses what we built before. suppose you have tens of thousands of files in various directories. Some of these files are identical, but you don't know which ones are identical with which. Write a program that prints out which file are redundant copies. Here's the spec. -- The program is to be used on the command line. Its arguments are one or more full paths of directories. perl del_dup.pl dir1 prints the full paths of all files in dir1 that are duplicate. (including files in sub-directories) More specifically, if file A has duplicates, A's full path will be printed on a line, immediately followed the full paths of all other files that is a copy of A. These duplicates's full paths will be prefixed with rm string. A empty line follows a group of duplicates. Here's a sample output. inPath/a.jpg rm inPath/b.jpg rm inPath/3/a.jpg rm inPath/hh/eu.jpg inPath/ou.jpg rm inPath/23/a.jpg rm inPath/hh33/eu.jpg order does not matter. (i.e. which file will not be rm does not matter.) perl del_dup.pl dir1 dir2 will do the same as above, except that duplicates within dir1 or dir2 themselves not considered. That is, all files in dir1 are compared to all files in dir2. (including subdirectories) And, only files in dir2 will have the rm prefix. One way to understand this is to imagine lots of image files in both dir. One is certain that there are no duplicates within each dir themselves. (imagine that del_dup.pl has run on each already) Files in dir1 has already been categorized into sub directories by human. So that when there are duplicates among dir1 and dir2, one wants the version in dir2 to be deleted, leaving the organization in dir1 intact. perl del_dup.pl dir1 dir2 dir3 ... does the same as above, except files in later dir will have rm first. So, if there are these identical files: dir2/a dir2/b dir4/c dir4/d the c and d will both have rm prefix for sure. (which one has rm in dir2 does not matter) Note, although dir2 doesn't compare files inside itself, but duplicates still may be implicitly found by indirect comparison. i.e. a==c, b==c, therefore a==b, even though a and b are never compared. -- Write a Perl or Python version of the program. a absolute requirement in this problem is to minimize the number of comparison made between files. This is a part of the spec. feel free to write it however you want. I'll post my version in a few days. http://www.xahlee.org/perl-python/python.html Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://xahlee.org/PageTwo_dir/more.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage
I better mention, that I rather make it all in python and html (found out that python somehow works with asp) I know that what I have to do is the following: 1) When the user logs in, I have to store a session ID in a cookie 2) When page1 is loaded(upon correctly entered username/password) the cookie has to be sent to page 1 and on page one there should be a tjeck to see if the cookies has the right values. 3) everytime a page is loaded, there has to be a tjeck, to see if the cookies has the right value, if not the page shouldt be loaded, and the user should be redirected back to login page. It does sound very easy to make: Create a store-holder(cookies), create a session ID upon log in, tjeck if it is the right sessionID in the cookies everytime a page is loaded, if not redirect back to log in page. But eventhough it sounds easy, I cant quite get the hold of if.. I tried googling, but didnt really find anything, that helpfull... Any more advice... Once again thanks for your time Sincerly Pete Pete. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi again. This question might sound a bit strange, but here I go anyway. I found a tutorial on how to make member areas with ASP. ( It looked very complicated the info I found about making and using cookies to store session ID's with python) Can I use python code and SQL statements in ASP. The example only shows how to log in to a member area if the password is written in the asp code ( I mean the program dosnt connect to a my postgresql database to see if the username/password are correct. I was thinking if I can use some of the code from the tutorial and put my own python code in, I will have solved my problem. I dont know that much about asp but I also found a tutorial on that, which in going to read.. Thanks for your time. The members area tutorial can be found here. http://www.theukwebdesigncompany.com/article.php?id=392 bruce [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] pete... simply use google and search for php scripts login user authentication mysql session etc... these terms will give you lots of examples... you could also look at some of the bulletin board/forum apps that are open source to se what they use. or, you could also look through the code for some of the php content management apps... of course, there are also the open source ecommerce solutions. all of these types of apps have functionality to deal with the user login/registration issues... -regards,,, -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Pete. Sent: Tuesday, March 08, 2005 6:26 PM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage The 2 scripts I made is actually working the way they where meant to. So im kindda happy :) The problem is, that I didnt think about the problem: as Steve wrote: There are other matters of concern, however, the most pressing of which is: How am I going to stop user from navigating directly to page1? Maybee I can find some premade feature, that prevents users to go to page1 without logging in. Any ideas as to where I can find some information about this. Nice that you all take time to help a newbie, so thanks to the helpfull people :) hi... regarding the issue of creating a login (user/passwd) script... there are numerous example scripts/apps written that use php/mysql... i suggest that you take a look at a few and then incoporate the features that you want into your script. from your questions, it seems like this approach will give you a better/faster solution to your problem. -regards -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Steve Holden Sent: Tuesday, March 08, 2005 4:02 PM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage Pete. wrote: Hi all I am working on a log in script for my webpage. I have the username and the password stored in a PostgreSQL database. The first I do is I make a html form, where the user can type in his username and code, when this is done I want to run the script(testifcodeisokay) that verifies that the code and username are the right ones ( that means if they match the particular entered username and password) If they are then I want to load page1 if they are not I want to load the loginpage again. Login page: print '''form action=testifcodeisokay.py'br pUsername:br INPUT type=text NAME=username pCode:br INPUT type=text NAME=code/p''' print '''pinput type=submit value='Submit'/p/form''' print '''/body /html''' This works. Here I store the entered text in the variables username and code I then get the entered value by testifcodeisokay script connect = PgSQL.connect(user=user, password=password, host=host, database=databse) cur = connect.cursor() form =
Re: reading timestamp from vid file (avi)
flupke wrote: Hi, i capture a movie from mividv to an avi containing the dv video. I found a program that reads the timestamp from the avi so you know the exact date and time the video was shot. However, the source of that program is not available and it doesn't allow to batch process a directory of video files which is a pain if you import the video using split scenes. Is there a script/program in python that reads the header or where do i start to write something like that? Any info is appreciated. Regards, Benedict Take a look at pymedia at http://pymedia.org. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [CherryPy]Serve dynamic binary file in cherrypy?
Resolved. Simplely specifiy content mime type before return. -- Best Regards, Wang Kebo http://www.huihoo.org/~mep mep [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, After lookup in cherrypy site and google for a while, I haven't found any information about cherrypy how to serve dynamic binary file(some generated charts).Is there any easy way to do this? In cherrypy 2.0 python 2.4 -- Best Regards, Wang Kebo http://www.huihoo.org/~mep -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to make a list unique?
Michael Spencer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Nice. When you replace None by an object(), you have no restriction on
the elements any more:
Here's something to work with:
class OrdSet(object):
def __init__(self, iterable):
Build an ordered, unique collection of hashable items
#self._data = {None:[None, None]} # None is the pointer to the first
# # element. This is unsatisfactory
# # because it cannot then be a
# # member of the collection
#self._last = None
self._last = self._root = root = object()
self._data = {root:[root, root]}
self.update(iterable)
def add(self, obj):
Add an element to the collection
data = self._data
if not obj in data:
last = self._last
data[last][1] = obj
#data[obj] = [last, None]
data[obj] = [last, self._root]
self._last = obj
def update(self, iterable):
Update the collection with the union of itself and another
obj = self._last
data = self._data
last = data[obj][0]
for item in iterable:
if item not in data:
data[obj] = [last, item]
last, obj = obj, item
#data[obj] = [last, None]
data[obj] = [last, self._root]
self._last = obj
def remove(self, item):
Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
data = self._data
prev, next = data[item]
data[prev][1] = next
data[next][0] = prev
def discard(self, item):
Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
If the element is not a member, do nothing.
try:
self.remove(item)
except KeyError:
pass
def __contains__(self, item):
return item in self._data
def pop(self):
Remove and the return the oldest element
data = self._data
#prev, first = data[None]
#data[None] = [None,data[first][1]]
root = self._root
prev, first = data[root]
data[root] = [root,data[first][1]]
return first
def clear(self):
self.__init__([])
def __iter__(self):
Iterate over the collection in order
data = self._data
#prev, next = data[None]
#while next is not None:
root = self._root
prev, next = data[root]
while next is not root:
yield next
prev, next = data[next]
def __len__(self):
return len(self._data)-1
def __repr__(self):
return %s(%s) % (self.__class__.__name__,list(self))
a=OrdSet([None,1,None,3])
a
OrdSet([None, 1, 3])
Marc
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Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage
Pete. wrote: Hi all I am working on a log in script for my webpage. I have the username and the password stored in a PostgreSQL database. You might want to look at Snakelets and CherryPy. Snakelets is a very simple-to-use Python web application server. One of the features is Easy user authentication and user login handling. http://snakelets.sourceforge.net/ CherryPy is a pythonic, object-oriented web development framework that seems to be popular. A recipe for password-protected pages in CherryPy is here: http://www.cherrypy.org/wiki/PasswordProtectedPages Kent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Announcement: PyMatrix-0.0.1a Released
PyMatrix is a package to provide access to the functionality of matrix algebra. This package is currently based on numarray. It includes a statistics module which includes a basic analysis of variance. In the future it is hoped to enhance the generality of the divide operation, to add the transcendental functions as methods of the matrix class and to improve the documentation. The expectation is that Numeric3 will eventually replace numarray and that this will necessitate some changes to PyMatrix Downloads in the form of a Windows Installer (Inno) and a zip file are available at: http://www3.sympatico.ca/cjw/PyMatrix An /Introduction to PyMatrix/ is available: http://www3.sympatico.ca/cjw/PyMatrix/IntroToPyMatrix.pdf Information on the functions and methods of the matrix module is given at: http://www3.sympatico.ca/cjw/PyMatrix/Doc/matrix-summary.html Colin W. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
BayPIGgies: March 10, 7:30pm (FINAL MEETING AT STANFORD)
WARNING: the last meeting of BayPIGgies at Stanford is currently scheduled for March. Our host, Danny Yoo, is leaving Stanford, and we need to find a new location. If you wish to assist with the search, please join the BayPIGgies mailing list. Meanwhile, let's all give hearty thanks to Danny for helping us find a stable meeting location for so long! The next meeting of BayPIGgies will be Thurs, March 10 at 7:30pm. Donovan Preston will lead a discussion about using Python with OS X, including integrating with PyObjC and GNUStep. BayPIGgies meetings are in Stanford, California. For more information and directions, see http://www.baypiggies.net/ Before the meeting, we may meet at 6pm for dinner in downtown Palo Alto. Discussion of dinner plans is handled on the BayPIGgies mailing list. Advance notice: The April 14 meeting agenda has not been set. Please send e-mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] if you want to suggest an agenda -- and a meeting place! -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ The joy of coding Python should be in seeing short, concise, readable classes that express a lot of action in a small amount of clear code -- not in reams of trivial code that bores the reader to death. --GvR -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage
Thanks. But I would really like to do this from scratch, so that I can learn it, I dont think I need that much more, before it works. I found an example with asp, where the save the session if the password is correct. It isnt that long a code, so was wondering if it isnt possible to make something like that in python. Cause when this code is applied to the loginform, CODE2 will only have to be applied to every following page and everything is good. code is from: http://tutorialized.com/tutorial/Creating-a-Members-Area-in-ASP/2234 CODE1 Set objRS = objConn.Execute (strSQL) '// see if there are any records returned If objRS.EOF Then 'no username found strError = - Invalid username or passwordbr vbNewLine Else 'check password If objRS(password)=Request.Form(password) Then 'username/password valid 'save session data Session(loggedin) = True Session(userid) = objRS(id) 'redirect to members area Response.Redirect (default.asp) Response.End Else 'invalid password strError = - Invalid username or passwordbr vbNewLine CODE2% If Session(loggedin) True Then Response.Redirect login.asp % html head titleMembers Area/title /head body h1Members Area/h1 pWelcome to our members area!/p/body /html In my code I have allready tested if the username and password is correct, so I just need to do the cookie thing :D Thanks all, hope all my questions dosnt make you tired, I just really wanna figure this out, and I am doing this as a little hobby of mine, so I dont have anyone else to ask, hope that is okay... Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Pete. wrote: Hi all I am working on a log in script for my webpage. I have the username and the password stored in a PostgreSQL database. You might want to look at Snakelets and CherryPy. Snakelets is a very simple-to-use Python web application server. One of the features is Easy user authentication and user login handling. http://snakelets.sourceforge.net/ CherryPy is a pythonic, object-oriented web development framework that seems to be popular. A recipe for password-protected pages in CherryPy is here: http://www.cherrypy.org/wiki/PasswordProtectedPages Kent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Split text file into words
I thank you for your help.
I already used re.split successfully but in this case...
I didn't explain more deeply because I don't want someone else do my
homework.
I want to implement a variable commands cross reference tool.
For this goal I must clean the python source from any comment and
manifest string.
On the cleaned source file I must isolate all the words (keeping the
words connected by '.')
My wrong code (don't consider the line ref. in traceback ... it's an
extract!):
import re
# input text file w/o strings comments
f=open('file.txt')
lInput=f.readlines()
f.close()
fOut=open('words.txt','w')
for i in lInput:
. ll=re.split(r[\s,{}[]()+=-/*],i)
. fOut.write(' '.join(ll)+'\n')
fOut.close()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File ./GetWords.py, line 70, in ?
ll=re.split(r[\s,{}[]()+=-/*],i)
File /usr/lib/python2.3/sre.py, line 156, in split
return _compile(pattern, 0).split(string, maxsplit)
RuntimeError: maximum recursion limit exceeded
... and if I use:
ll=re.split(r\s,{}[]()+=-/*,i)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File ./GetWords.py, line 70, in ?
ll=re.split(r\s,{}[]()+=-/*,i)
File /usr/lib/python2.3/sre.py, line 156, in split
return _compile(pattern, 0).split(string, maxsplit)
File /usr/lib/python2.3/sre.py, line 230, in _compile
raise error, v # invalid expression
sre_constants.error: bad character range
I taught it was my mistake in the use of re.split...
I am using:
Python 2.3.4 (#2, Aug 19 2004, 15:49:40)
[GCC 3.4.1 (Mandrakelinux (Alpha 3.4.1-3mdk)] on linux2
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Re: Working on a log in script to my webpage
Pete. wrote: I better mention, that I rather make it all in python and html (found out that python somehow works with asp) I know that what I have to do is the following: 1) When the user logs in, I have to store a session ID in a cookie In actual fact it's best not to wait until the user logs in: every request that comes in for the service should be examined for the cookie (which the browser will always return once it's received it). If there's no cookie then the server should include one in its response. That way, each session is identified by a unique cookie value, which can be used (among other things) to locate any state that's associated with the sessions (such as a who is this user variable). 2) When page1 is loaded(upon correctly entered username/password) the cookie has to be sent to page 1 and on page one there should be a tjeck to see if the cookies has the right values. Not quite: the cookie (retained on the client and sent to the server with each request) just identifies the session, and the session state storage (maintained on the server, one per active session) holds the information about the session like whether the user has logged in, what's in their shopping cart, and so on. Each page (or, if you are using an application framework like Webware, the framework) can examine state memory to determine whether the conditions for access have been met, and redirect to an error page if not. For this purpose ASP maintained a Session object for each session's state memory. 3) everytime a page is loaded, there has to be a tjeck, to see if the cookies has the right value, if not the page shouldt be loaded, and the user should be redirected back to login page. Almost, see above. It does sound very easy to make: Create a store-holder(cookies), create a session ID upon log in, tjeck if it is the right sessionID in the cookies everytime a page is loaded, if not redirect back to log in page. But eventhough it sounds easy, I cant quite get the hold of if.. I tried googling, but didnt really find anything, that helpfull... It's true that there isn't actually much on the web that explains sessions with specific reference to Python. I can, however, after quite a lot of searching, thoroughly recommend http://webapparch.sourceforge.net/ for an overview of what happens in a session-oriented web service. I would suggest you start with Section 8, and then read the whole thing, or at least all parts that interest you. Any more advice... Of course usually some mechanism supported by the specific server in use is involved. http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/65110 does show how to generate session IDs, but then you have to deliver them as cookies (of course, for security reasons you don't want session IDs to be easily guessed, as this would allow someone to hijack an existing session by impersonating a browser holding the right cookie value). If you are prepared to read a bit of PHP (sorry ...) then http://www.phpbuilder.com/columns/paul20020729.php3 explains the details of session maintenance sufficiently clearly that you would get a good idea of how to implement the same ideas in Python. Once again thanks for your time Sincerly Pete [...] You're welcome. regards Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python COM Class Question
pemo wrote: I'm trying to use difflib.py from a COM aware language - and, for ease of use, I'm initially trying to get this going from VB6. I've wrappered difflib.py correctly I think, and I can now call into it and call a global method (called 'test' of course). Here's the consuming code: Dim PythonUtils As Object Set PythonUtils = CreateObject(DiffLib.Utils) Debug.Print PythonUtils.test() However, difflib contains classes - like SequenceMatcher, and I've no idea how to get an instance of these from PythonUtils. Can someone help me here please? I hope so. You need to wrap the Python objects for use in the COM framework - once wrapped their methods can be called by the client code. You'll find wrap in win32com.server.util. regards Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Split text file into words
qwweeeit wrote:
ll=re.split(r[\s,{}[]()+=-/*],i)
The stack overflow comes because the ()+ tried to match an empty string as
many times as possible.
This regular expression contains a character set '\s,{}[' followed by the
expression '()+=-/*]'. You can see that the parentheses aren't part of a
character set if you reverse their order which gives you an error when the
expression is compiled instead of failing when trying to match:
ll=re.split(r[\s,{}[])(+=-/*],i)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#10, line 1, in -toplevel-
ll=re.split(r[\s,{}[])(+=-/*],i)
File C:\Python24\Lib\sre.py, line 157, in split
return _compile(pattern, 0).split(string, maxsplit)
File C:\Python24\Lib\sre.py, line 227, in _compile
raise error, v # invalid expression
error: unbalanced parenthesis
I suspect you actually meant the character set to include the other
punctuation characters in which case you need to escape the closing square
bracket or make it the first character:
Try:
ll=re.split(r[\s,{}[\]()+=-/*],i)
or:
ll=re.split(r[]\s,{}[()+=-/*],i)
instead.
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Re: i18n: looking for expertise
Michael: on my box, (winXP SP2), sys.getfilesystemencoding() returns 'mbcs'. If you post your revised solution to this unicode problem, I'd be delighted to test it on Windows. I'm working on a Tkinter front-end for Vivian deSmedt's rsync.py and would like to address the issue of accented characters in folder names. thanks Stewart stewart dot midwinter at gmail dot com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Your suggestions re virus, round 6: Virus KO
Josef, I'll definitely take a close look at all the suggestions I have been offered, in the interest of future damage prevention. This time, though, the fight is over and I emerge victorious! Poking around here and I came across huge startup or execution log files listing rather unabashed file names. Since I'm not into that, how did it get there? Turned out the files were all identical and also identical to the attachment of each one of the many obviously automated decoy messages I have been getting of late (like: 'Offer expires today', or 'I'm shocked! Is that really you', etc.). (Not that I ever opened any one oif them.) Anyway, I scanned the whole disk for files of identical lenght and ended up with 869 copies of the obnoxity. One of them was C:\WINDOWS\fvprotect.exe--a windows process of all things. I eradicated the whole lot and now all is well. I don't believe any damage was caused, except that the Norton virus scanner still won't start. Perhaps another install will fix that too. Linux is next. Do you know of a good disk-partitioning program? Frederic - Original Message - From: Josef Albert Meile [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, March 09, 2005 12:23 PM Subject: Re: Your suggestions re virus, round 5 Hi Frederic, Protected mode doesn't make any difference with respect to stuff not running. Plus it doesn't connect to the internet. So I went back to unprotected mode to download WinTask. I played around with it for a while without being able to figure out how it works. All the while my resolve strengthened to start everyting from scratch and take the opportunity to install Linux. I startet uninstalling stuff I never use and started hunting for the original media of the stuff I do use and already face the predicament of not finding some. I imagine an uninstaller that saves an application and restores it from the save. Do you know of any such thing? Sorry, I don't know if such thing exists. But anyway, at last alternative, I will do a backup of the important files and reinstall everything. There is another alternative, but you have to know what you are doing: http://www.hijackthis.de You can also get a log of the running processes with this tool and do an online analysis on the hijackthis.de website. There are also forums there where you can ask. Good luck, Josef _ Don't just search. Find. Check out the new MSN Search! http://search.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200636ave/direct/01/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Web framework
Hi guys, What web framework do you suggest to develop with? I had a look both at Nevow and Quixote. These seemes to be the most appreciated by the community. Anyway, I had no luck looking for a complete and coherent documentation. Thanks for any suggestion, Gianluca -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
MDaemon Warning - virus found: RETURNED MAIL: SEE TRANSCRIPT FOR DETAILS
*** WARNING ** Este mensaje ha sido analizado por MDaemon AntiVirus y ha encontrado un fichero anexo(s) infectado(s). Por favor revise el reporte de abajo. AttachmentVirus name Action taken -- mail.zip Email-Worm.Win32.Mydoom.m Removed ** The message was not delivered due to the following reason: Your message could not be delivered because the destination computer was not reachable within the allowed queue period. The amount of time a message is queued before it is returned depends on local configura- tion parameters. Most likely there is a network problem that prevented delivery, but it is also possible that the computer is turned off, or does not have a mail system running right now. Your message was not delivered within 5 days: Host 197.51.128.93 is not responding. The following recipients did not receive this message: python-list@python.org Please reply to [EMAIL PROTECTED] if you feel this message to be in error. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
running programs from within python
hi; in general: how can i pass a string containing a concatenated sequcne of command line arguments to a unix system CLI? my specific problem: i have an executable that is called xyz (written in C if that matters) that i cannot modify, which prints it is text output to the screen and takes an input as t.txt. on a unix terminal, i do the ./xyz t.txt tmp.txt so that the tmp.txt will contain the output of the xyz executable i tried the following but it did not work import os os.execl(./xyz,t.txt tmp.txt) #the thing just hangs there i aslo tried os.execl(./xyz,t.txt) # but it does not output anything to the screen either, hangs there too any suggestions? thanks m.smadi -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running programs from within python
M.N.A.Smadi wrote: hi; in general: how can i pass a string containing a concatenated sequcne of command line arguments to a unix system CLI? my specific problem: i have an executable that is called xyz (written in C if that matters) that i cannot modify, which prints it is text output to the screen and takes an input as t.txt. on a unix terminal, i do the ./xyz t.txt tmp.txt so that the tmp.txt will contain the output of the xyz executable i tried the following but it did not work import os os.execl(./xyz,t.txt tmp.txt) #the thing just hangs there i aslo tried os.execl(./xyz,t.txt) # but it does not output anything to the screen either, hangs there too any suggestions? thanks m.smadi i guess i will answer myself: import os os.system(string) !! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
SOAPpy Interoperability w/AXIS C++
Hello, I am having some trouble getting a Python client written using SOAPpy 0.11.6 to work with a Web Service that is published using AXIS C++ version 1.4. I have a C++ client working, and I am able to compare the SOAP messages that are being sent by it and the Python client. It appears as though the only difference is the definition of the XML Schema and XML Schema-instance namespace. The C++ client refers to the 2001 versions, but the Python client refers to the 1999 versions. Has anyone run into a similar problem and been able to find a work around? Thanks in advance for any help. Regards, Jeremy Kohansimeh -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: running programs from within python
Title: RE: running programs from within python [M.N.A.Smadi] #- i guess i will answer myself: #- import os #- os.system(string) If you have Py2.4, it's better to use subprocess(). . Facundo Bitácora De Vuelo: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog PyAr - Python Argentina: http://pyar.decode.com.ar/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running programs from within python
M.N.A.Smadi wrote: M.N.A.Smadi wrote: hi; in general: how can i pass a string containing a concatenated sequcne of command line arguments to a unix system CLI? i guess i will answer myself: import os os.system(string) Also worth noting is that if you're using Python 2.4, you might want to look at the subprocess module, which replaces many of the older os.* calls with a more flexible interface. For the os.system replacement, see: http://docs.python.org/lib/node235.html STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [CherryPy]Serve dynamic binary file in cherrypy?
mep [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hi, After lookup in cherrypy site and google for a while, I haven't found any information about cherrypy how to serve dynamic binary file(some generated charts).Is there any easy way to do this? In cherrypy 2.0 python 2.4 Yes, there is an easy way: have your handler method return the binary data, and set the Content-Type before returning the data, like this: # class Root: # def index(self): # ... Generate binary data in data ... # cpg.response.headerMap['Content-Type'] = 'image/gif' # return data Remi. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running programs from within python
am getting an error in the script as follows: NameError: global name 'os' is not defined however i dont get the same error when running from the python CLI. (and yes i am importing the os module) is this a bug in python 2.3 (the one am currently using) thanks m.smadi Steven Bethard wrote: M.N.A.Smadi wrote: M.N.A.Smadi wrote: hi; in general: how can i pass a string containing a concatenated sequcne of command line arguments to a unix system CLI? i guess i will answer myself: import os os.system(string) Also worth noting is that if you're using Python 2.4, you might want to look at the subprocess module, which replaces many of the older os.* calls with a more flexible interface. For the os.system replacement, see: http://docs.python.org/lib/node235.html STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: running programs from within python
Title: RE: running programs from within python [M.N.A.Smadi] #- am getting an error in the script as follows: #- #- NameError: global name 'os' is not defined What script? Please paste it here. If it's more than 20 lines, trim it until you find the smaller script that has the error. . Facundo Bitácora De Vuelo: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog PyAr - Python Argentina: http://pyar.decode.com.ar/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADVERTENCIA. La información contenida en este mensaje y cualquier archivo anexo al mismo, son para uso exclusivo del destinatario y pueden contener información confidencial o propietaria, cuya divulgación es sancionada por la ley. Si Ud. No es uno de los destinatarios consignados o la persona responsable de hacer llegar este mensaje a los destinatarios consignados, no está autorizado a divulgar, copiar, distribuir o retener información (o parte de ella) contenida en este mensaje. Por favor notifíquenos respondiendo al remitente, borre el mensaje original y borre las copias (impresas o grabadas en cualquier medio magnético) que pueda haber realizado del mismo. Todas las opiniones contenidas en este mail son propias del autor del mensaje y no necesariamente coinciden con las de Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. o alguna empresa asociada. Los mensajes electrónicos pueden ser alterados, motivo por el cual Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. no aceptará ninguna obligación cualquiera sea el resultante de este mensaje. Muchas Gracias. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running programs from within python
M.N.A.Smadi wrote: am getting an error in the script as follows: NameError: global name 'os' is not defined however i dont get the same error when running from the python CLI. (and yes i am importing the os module) Can you give the full exception message (i.e. copy-paste it from the output)? STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: logging addLevelName
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I am trying to add a new logging level.
logging.config.fileConfig(bengineLog.cfg)
logging.CLIENT = logging.INFO + 1
logging.addLevelName( logging.CLIENT, 'CLIENT' )
logging.root.setLevel( [logging.INFO, logging.CLIENT, logging.WARNING,
logging.ERROR, logging.CRITICAL] )
logger = logging.getLogger(None)
logging.Logger.client('test')
I get error:
AttributeError: class Logger has no attribute 'client'
Any help?
Looks like what you want is logger.log(). Here is an example that takes
your addLevelName code and logs at levels info to critical:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import logging
#create new log level
logging.CLIENT = logging.INFO + 1
logging.addLevelName(logging.CLIENT, CLIENT)
logging.root.setLevel([logging.INFO, logging.CLIENT, logging.WARNING,
logging.ERROR, logging.CRITICAL])
#create logger with mylogger
logger = logging.getLogger(mylogger)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
#create file handler and set level to debug
fh = logging.FileHandler(test.log)
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
#create console handler and set level to debug
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
#create formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter(%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -
%(message)s)
#add formatter to handlers
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
#add handlers to logger
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.addHandler(ch)
logger.debug(this is debug)
logger.info(this is info)
logger.log(logging.CLIENT, this is client)
logger.warning(this is warning)
logger.error(this is error)
logger.critical(this is critical)
It produces this output:
2005-03-09 12:28:33,399 - mylogger - INFO - this is info
2005-03-09 12:28:33,401 - mylogger - CLIENT - this is client
2005-03-09 12:28:33,458 - mylogger - WARNING - this is warning
2005-03-09 12:28:33,460 - mylogger - ERROR - this is error
2005-03-09 12:28:33,518 - mylogger - CRITICAL - this is critical
HTH,
Jeremy Jones
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Help with socket staus
Hello, First let me say hello since I am new to this list. Recently I downloaded and installed the c3 suite of python2 scripts so that I can execute commands on multiple unix nodes. What I am looking to do is determine when an ssh connection fails (either sshd has been stopped, the node is not in service, etc). I have been unable to find good documentation to help me resolve this issue. The message that I receive when ssh fails is this: ssh: connect to host test.node.com port 22: Connection refused So I guess my question is this...are there any methods to determine the state of a socket connection (i.e connected, no connected, connection failed, etc). Thanks in advance, Shain -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problematic behavior of the import statement when several module files have the same name.
Hello Everyone! Here's a problem with relative imports: Suppose I have a package called some_package (in a separate directory included in the PYTHONPATH, with an __init__.py file etc.) This package has a module inside the directory, called database, and therefore residing in the file some_package/database.py. Now, what if there's another module, for example inside the site-packages directory, with the same file name (i.e. database.py)? We have a problem. Since although these modules have different absolute names (some_package.database for the first module, and just database for the second), when I try to do import database from inside some_package, it first of all tries to find the matching file in the some_package directory (i.e. do a relative import). Since it first checks the some_package directory, and finds database.py there, import database in fact imports the module with the absolute name some_package.database. This is problemat on two levels: 1) It is surprising and undesirable that import database in effect may do two completely different things (import some_package.database or import database) depending on an external, unpredictable factor: the existence of a database.py file inside the some_package directory. 2) It effectively prevents you from naming a module inside a package with the same name of any module in the root PYTHONPATH directories. In my example, there's no sane way I can see of having some_package.database if there's already a database module (database.py file) in any PYTHONPATH directory. Are my observations correct? Is there something I ignored? Should this be posted somewhere else? Your comments would be appreciated. Xif -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
In this snippet:
d = {'x': 1}
value = d.get('x', bigscaryfunction())
the bigscaryfunction is always called, even though 'x' is a valid key.
Is there a short-circuit version of get that doesn't evaluate the
second argument if the first is a valid key? For now I'll code around
it, but this behavior surprised me a bit...
Dave
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Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
Dave Opstad wrote:
In this snippet:
d = {'x': 1}
value = d.get('x', bigscaryfunction())
the bigscaryfunction is always called, even though 'x' is a valid key.
Is there a short-circuit version of get that doesn't evaluate the
second argument if the first is a valid key? For now I'll code around
it, but this behavior surprised me a bit...
try:
value = d['x']
except KeyError:
value = bigscaryfunction()
get() is just a method, and arguments to methods are always
evaluated before being passed to the method, so the short
answer is no, there is no 'version' of get() that will do
what you want.
-Peter
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Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
Dave,
On Wed, 09 Mar 2005 09:45:41 -0800, Dave Opstad [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In this snippet:
d = {'x': 1}
value = d.get('x', bigscaryfunction())
the bigscaryfunction is always called, even though 'x' is a valid key.
Is there a short-circuit version of get that doesn't evaluate the
second argument if the first is a valid key? For now I'll code around
it, but this behavior surprised me a bit...
There is no short-circuit function like you're asking for, because
it's impossible in python. To pass an argument to the 'get' function,
python evaluates the bigscaryfunction before calling 'get'.
(I believe this means that python doesn't have lazy evaluation, but
the language lawyers may shoot me down on that. Wikipedia seems to say
that it means python doesn't have delayed evaluation).
Here are two ways to do what you want:
if 'x' in d: value = d['x']
else: value = bigscaryfunction()
or:
def sget(dict, key, func, *args):
if key in dict: return key
else: return func(*args)
sget(d, 'x', bigscaryfunction)
Both methods are untested, but should work with minor modifications.
Peace
Bill Mill
bill.mill at gmail.com
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Forums based on python
HI I AM NEW TO PROGRAMING PRESENTLY I AM USING WINDOWS ME AND WHAT I SAW IN PYTHON INTEREST ME ANN AWFUL LOT. I DOWNLOADED VERSION2.4 AND I TRIED TO GET MY PROGRAM "HELLO WORLD" ETC I SAVED ALL PROGRAMS BUT WHEN I WANT TO RUN IT I CAN'T FIND UNDER EDIT=RUN SCRIPT = WHERE CAN I GO TO RUN MY BEGINNING PROGRAMS. DID I DOWNLOAD THE WRONG VERSION THANK YOU FOR ANY HELP EDWARD -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running programs from within python
this is the full error Traceback (most recent call last): File ./plugin.py, line 60, in ? main() File ./plugin.py, line 40, in main os.system(/root/tmp/bibutils_3.14/isi2xml + isi_file + tmp_isi_xml.xml) NameError: global name 'os' is not defined smadi Steven Bethard wrote: M.N.A.Smadi wrote: am getting an error in the script as follows: NameError: global name 'os' is not defined however i dont get the same error when running from the python CLI. (and yes i am importing the os module) Can you give the full exception message (i.e. copy-paste it from the output)? STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Popen3 and capturestderr
On Wed, Mar 09, 2005 at 06:17:50AM -, Donn Cave wrote:
Quoth Kenneth Pronovici [EMAIL PROTECTED]:
...
| If ignoreStderr=False, I use popen2.Popen4 so that stderr and stdout are
| intermingled. If ignoreStderr=True, I use popen2.Popen3 with
| capturestderr=True so stderr doesn't appear in the output. This
| functionality exists so I have an equivalent of command-line redirection
| of stderr, i.e. command 2/dev/null.
...
| After some digging, I've decided that this behavior probably occurs
| because I am ignoring the pipe.childerr file object. Indeed, if I call
| pipe.childerr.close() right after opening the pipe, my ls command that
| had been hanging completes normally. However, other commands which
| actually attempt to write to stderr don't seem to like this very much.
|
| What is the right way to discard stderr when working with a pipe? I
| want to consistently throw it away, and I don't see a good way to do
| this with the popen2 implementation.
Right, popen2 gives you about 3 options, out of probably dozens that
you could get with shell redirections. On the other hand, the source
is available, and Python is an OOP language, so I assume there is no
reason you can't make a derived class that does just what you want.
In the present case I guess that would mean something like
null = os.open('/dev/null', os.O_RDWR)
os.dup2(null, 0)
os.dup2(null, 2) (depending)
os.close(null)
along with other stuff you can just copy from Popen4.
Ah... ok, subclassing is an option I hadn't considered. I'll give that
a whirl and see whether I can make it work.
KEN
--
Kenneth J. Pronovici [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Personal Homepage: http://www.skyjammer.com/~pronovic/
They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little
temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.
- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
--
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Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
Maybe this can help:
value = d.get('x', lambda: bigscaryfunction())
Bearophile
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Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
On 9 Mar 2005 10:05:21 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Maybe this can help:
value = d.get('x', lambda: bigscaryfunction())
def test(): print 'gbye'
...
d = {}
z = d.get('x', lambda: test())
z
function lambda at 0x008D6870
So this seems to be merely an obfuscation of:
z = d.get('x', test)
z
function test at 0x008D66B0
I just wanted to ask, am I missing something?
Peace
Bill Mill
bill.mill at gmail.com
--
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Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
On 09 Mar 2005 18:13:01 GMT, F. Petitjean [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Le Wed, 09 Mar 2005 09:45:41 -0800, Dave Opstad a écrit :
In this snippet:
d = {'x': 1}
value = d.get('x', bigscaryfunction())
the bigscaryfunction is always called, even though 'x' is a valid key.
Is there a short-circuit version of get that doesn't evaluate the
second argument if the first is a valid key? For now I'll code around
it, but this behavior surprised me a bit...
def scary():
print scary called
return 22
d = dict(x=1)
d.get('x', lambda *a : scary())
# print 1
d.get('z', (lambda *a : scary())())
scary called
22
but:
d.get('x', (lambda *a: test())())
test called
1
So how is this different than d.get('x', test()) ?
Peace
Bill Mill
bill.mill at gmail.com
--
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RE: Problematic behavior of the import statement when several modulefiles have the same name.
Xif wrote: Here's a problem with relative imports: Suppose I have a package called some_package (in a separate directory included in the PYTHONPATH, with an __init__.py file etc.) This package has a module inside the directory, called database, and therefore residing in the file some_package/database.py. Now, what if there's another module, for example inside the site-packages directory, with the same file name (i.e. database.py)? We have a problem. Since although these modules have different absolute names (some_package.database for the first module, and just database for the second), when I try to do import database from inside some_package, it first of all tries to find the matching file in the some_package directory (i.e. do a relative import). Since it first checks the some_package directory, and finds database.py there, import database in fact imports the module with the absolute name some_package.database. This is problemat on two levels: 1) It is surprising and undesirable that import database in effect may do two completely different things (import some_package.database or import database) depending on an external, unpredictable factor: the existence of a database.py file inside the some_package directory. 2) It effectively prevents you from naming a module inside a package with the same name of any module in the root PYTHONPATH directories. In my example, there's no sane way I can see of having some_package.database if there's already a database module (database.py file) in any PYTHONPATH directory. Are my observations correct? Is there something I ignored? Should this be posted somewhere else? Short answer: don't use relative imports: from some_package import database http://docs.python.org/ref/import.html Robert Brewer MIS Amor Ministries [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Forums based on python
Title: RE: Forums based on python [EMAIL PROTECTED] #- HI #- I AM NEW TO PROGRAMING PRESENTLY I AM USING WINDOWS ME AND WHAT I SAW IN PYTHON INTEREST ME ANN AWFUL LOT. I DOWNLOADED VERSION 2.4 AND I #- TRIED TO GET MY PROGRAM HELLO WORLD ETC I SAVED ALL PROGRAMS BUT WHEN I WANT TO RUN IT I CAN'T FIND UNDER EDIT=RUN SCRIPT = WHERE CAN I #- GO TO RUN MY BEGINNING PROGRAMS. DID I DOWNLOAD THE WRONG VERSION #- THANK YOU FOR ANY HELP #- EDWARD A message like... Hi, I'm new to programming. Presently I'm using Windows ME and what I saw in Python interest me a lot. I downloaded the version 2.4, and I tried to get my program Hello world, etc... I saved all programs but when I want to run it I can't find under Edit/Run script. Where can I go to run my beginning programs? Did I download the wrong version? Thank you for any help Edward will bring you more help. Note that I'm not considering the actual sense of your words, just the format. Regards, . Facundo Bitácora De Vuelo: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog PyAr - Python Argentina: http://pyar.decode.com.ar/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADVERTENCIA. La información contenida en este mensaje y cualquier archivo anexo al mismo, son para uso exclusivo del destinatario y pueden contener información confidencial o propietaria, cuya divulgación es sancionada por la ley. Si Ud. No es uno de los destinatarios consignados o la persona responsable de hacer llegar este mensaje a los destinatarios consignados, no está autorizado a divulgar, copiar, distribuir o retener información (o parte de ella) contenida en este mensaje. Por favor notifíquenos respondiendo al remitente, borre el mensaje original y borre las copias (impresas o grabadas en cualquier medio magnético) que pueda haber realizado del mismo. Todas las opiniones contenidas en este mail son propias del autor del mensaje y no necesariamente coinciden con las de Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. o alguna empresa asociada. Los mensajes electrónicos pueden ser alterados, motivo por el cual Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. no aceptará ninguna obligación cualquiera sea el resultante de este mensaje. Muchas Gracias. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
F. Petitjean wrote:
Le Wed, 09 Mar 2005 09:45:41 -0800, Dave Opstad a écrit :
Is there a short-circuit version of get that doesn't evaluate the
second argument if the first is a valid key? For now I'll code around
it, but this behavior surprised me a bit...
def scary():
print scary called
return 22
d = dict(x=1)
d.get('x', lambda *a : scary())
# print 1
d.get('z', (lambda *a : scary())())
scary called
22
So you have to change the code at the point of call depending on whether the requested value is in
the dict? ;)
If you can get this to work I'm sure we can find other applications for such
'smart code' :-)
Kent
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Second argument to super().
What is the purpose of the second argument to super()? What is meant by the returning of an 'unbound' object when the argument is omitted. Also, when would I pass an object as the second argument, and when would I pass a type? Thanks, Tobiah -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running programs from within python
You should import os On Wednesday 09 March 2005 10:06 am, M.N.A.Smadi wrote: this is the full error Traceback (most recent call last): File ./plugin.py, line 60, in ? main() File ./plugin.py, line 40, in main os.system(/root/tmp/bibutils_3.14/isi2xml + isi_file + tmp_isi_xml.xml) NameError: global name 'os' is not defined smadi Steven Bethard wrote: M.N.A.Smadi wrote: am getting an error in the script as follows: NameError: global name 'os' is not defined however i dont get the same error when running from the python CLI. (and yes i am importing the os module) Can you give the full exception message (i.e. copy-paste it from the output)? STeVe -- James Stroud, Ph.D. UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics Box 951570 Los Angeles, CA 90095 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
Dave Opstad wrote:
In this snippet:
d = {'x': 1}
value = d.get('x', bigscaryfunction())
the bigscaryfunction is always called, even though 'x' is a valid key.
Is there a short-circuit version of get that doesn't evaluate the
second argument if the first is a valid key? For now I'll code around
it, but this behavior surprised me a bit...
Well, if the dict only contains ints, here is a dirty hack (but don't
use it instead of the try/except approach):
class Littletinyproxy:
def __int__(self):
return bigscaryfunction()
d = dict(x=1)
value = int(d.get('x', Littletinyproxy()))
Reinhold
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RE: running programs from within python
Title: RE: running programs from within python [James Stroud] #- import os He says he did it: #- M.N.A.Smadi wrote: #- (and yes i am importing the os module) But he still didn't paste the code here . Facundo Bitácora De Vuelo: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog PyAr - Python Argentina: http://pyar.decode.com.ar/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADVERTENCIA. La información contenida en este mensaje y cualquier archivo anexo al mismo, son para uso exclusivo del destinatario y pueden contener información confidencial o propietaria, cuya divulgación es sancionada por la ley. Si Ud. No es uno de los destinatarios consignados o la persona responsable de hacer llegar este mensaje a los destinatarios consignados, no está autorizado a divulgar, copiar, distribuir o retener información (o parte de ella) contenida en este mensaje. Por favor notifíquenos respondiendo al remitente, borre el mensaje original y borre las copias (impresas o grabadas en cualquier medio magnético) que pueda haber realizado del mismo. Todas las opiniones contenidas en este mail son propias del autor del mensaje y no necesariamente coinciden con las de Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. o alguna empresa asociada. Los mensajes electrónicos pueden ser alterados, motivo por el cual Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. no aceptará ninguna obligación cualquiera sea el resultante de este mensaje. Muchas Gracias. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web framework
Gianluca Sartori wrote: Hi guys, What web framework do you suggest to develop with? I really like CherryPy. It has a very intuitive design. A directory is an object and the files in it are methods. URL variables are passed as arguments to the methods. The CherryPy site has a good tutorial and some examples that should get you up and running fairly quickly. http://www.cherrypy.org Thanks for any suggestion, Gianluca Hope this helps. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PythonWin line spacing
I've just downloaded and installed ActivePython and am trying to customize the PythonWin editor. Its line spacing seems to default to 2, and consequently, I cannot see many lines of code on a screen. How do I set the line spacing to 1? Thomas Philips -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running programs from within python
M.N.A.Smadi wrote: am getting an error in the script as follows: NameError: global name 'os' is not defined however i dont get the same error when running from the python CLI. (and yes i am importing the os module) Steven Bethard wrote: Can you give the full exception message (i.e. copy-paste it from the output)? M.N.A.Smadi top-posted: this is the full error Traceback (most recent call last): File ./plugin.py, line 60, in ? main() File ./plugin.py, line 40, in main os.system(/root/tmp/bibutils_3.14/isi2xml + isi_file + tmp_isi_xml.xml) NameError: global name 'os' is not defined Hmmm... I don't see how you'd get this if you're really importing the os module (as you say above). Are you sure that you have 'import os' at the top of plugin.py? You don't have any conditional wrapped around it do you? STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problematic behavior of the import statement when several module files have the same name.
Xif wrote: Hello Everyone! Here's a problem with relative imports: Suppose I have a package called some_package (in a separate directory included in the PYTHONPATH, with an __init__.py file etc.) This package has a module inside the directory, called database, and therefore residing in the file some_package/database.py. Now, what if there's another module, for example inside the site-packages directory, with the same file name (i.e. database.py)? We have a problem. Since although these modules have different absolute names (some_package.database for the first module, and just database for the second), when I try to do import database from inside some_package, it first of all tries to find the matching file in the some_package directory (i.e. do a relative import). Since it first checks the some_package directory, and finds database.py there, import database in fact imports the module with the absolute name some_package.database. You've just re-discovered the reason you should always use absolute imports. Check out: http://www.python.org/doc/faq/programming.html#what-are-the-best-practices-for-using-import-in-a-module STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
Bill Mill wrote:
On 9 Mar 2005 10:05:21 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Maybe this can help:
value = d.get('x', lambda: bigscaryfunction())
def test(): print 'gbye'
...
d = {}
z = d.get('x', lambda: test())
z
function lambda at 0x008D6870
So this seems to be merely an obfuscation of:
z = d.get('x', test)
z
function test at 0x008D66B0
I just wanted to ask, am I missing something?
Nope that looks right. See Overuse of lambda in
http://www.python.org/moin/DubiousPython for discussion of exactly this
mistake.
STeVe
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Re: Error on xpath-ing a DOM with namespaces
NSS = {u'wsdl': u'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/'}
#processorNss = namespace bindings to be used by the processor
ctx = Context(wsdl_doc, processorNss=NSS)
Evaluate(u'wsdl:description/wsdl:documentation', context=ctx)
Should give you a start.
Thanks a lot. I found a solution for my problem and lots of food for
thought for improving my XML handling in general.
Best regards
Piet
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python cvs interface?
Hi everyone, this should be a quick question. I'm writing some scripts to take some file and move them into a CVS repository, but it's pretty slow, because it uses system calls to execute the CVS commands. Has anyone ever made a python to CVS interface library that I could use? I've been trying to google around for something, but predictably I get a zillion sourceforge repository hits, and it isn't really helping. So anyway, if anyone knows of a useful module, I'd love to hear about it. Thanks! - Corey -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Second argument to super().
Tobiah wrote:
What is the purpose of the second argument to super()?
You probably want to check the docs[1] again. They give an example:
class C(B):
def meth(self, arg):
super(C, self).meth(arg)
What is meant by the returning of an 'unbound' object
when the argument is omitted.
If you supply a second argument (an instance of the type) to super, the
returned object will be bound to that instance. For example:
py class C(object):
... def g(self):
... print 'g'
...
py class D(C):
... def h(self):
... print 'h'
...
py d = D()
py s = super(D, d)
py d2 = D()
py s2 = super(D, d2)
py s == s2
False
Note that the object returned depends on the instance passed in. An
'unbound' object would not be bound in this way to the instance.
Note also that the super object returned has access only to the methods
of the superclass:
py s.g
bound method D.g of __main__.D object at 0x01186130
py d.g
bound method D.g of __main__.D object at 0x01186130
py s.h
Traceback (most recent call last):
File interactive input, line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute 'h'
py d.h
bound method D.h of __main__.D object at 0x01186130
Also, when would I pass an object as the second argument,
and when would I pass a type?
For most use cases, you'll probably only want an object (an instance).
You might run into the type case if you define the staticmethod __new__
in a class:
py class S(str):
... def __new__(cls, s):
... return super(S, cls).__new__(cls, 'S(%s)' %s)
...
py S('abc')
'S(abc)'
In this case __new__ takes as a first argument the class (type) of the
object, so if you want to invoke the superclass __new__, you need to
pass the type to super. (You don't have an instance to pass.)
STeVe
[1] http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html#l2h-70
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Re: Best way to make a list unique?
Marc Christiansen wrote:
Michael Spencer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Nice. When you replace None by an object(), you have no restriction on
the elements any more:
Thanks for the suggestion, Marc.
Note that if there is no need to access the middle of the collection, then the
implementation is simpler, and less resource-intensive, since the items can be
singly-linked
class UniqueQueue(object):
def __init__(self, iterable):
self._data = _data = {}
self._last = self._root = object() # An object the user is unlikely to
# reference - thanks Marc
self.update(iterable)
def push(self, obj):
if not obj in self._data:
self._data[self._last] = obj
self._last = obj
def pop(self):
data = self._data
first = data.pop(self._root)
self._root = first
return first
def update(self, iterable):
last = self._last
data = self._data
for item in iterable:
if item not in data:
data[last] = item
last = item
self._last = last
def __iter__(self):
data = self._data
next = self._root
try:
while 1:
next = data[next]
yield next
except KeyError:
raise StopIteration
def __repr__(self):
return %s(%s) % (self.__class__.__name__,list(self))
q = UniqueQueue(range(5))
q.update(range(3,8))
q
UniqueQueue([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
q.pop()
0
q
UniqueQueue([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
q.push(None)
q
UniqueQueue([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, None])
Michael
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os.walk(entire filesystem)
More of an OS question than a Python question, but it is Python related
so here goes:
When I do os.walk('/') on a Linux computer, the entire file system is
walked. On windows, however, I can only walk one drive at a time (C:\,
D:\, etc.). Is there a way to make os.walk() behave on Windows as it
behaves on Linux? I'd like to walk the entire file system at once... not
one drive at a time.
Thanks!
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Re: Python 2.4 removes None data type?
Jacek Generowicz napisa(a): Implication: A long standing wart in Python now gone. Its time to gloat. Are there any really evil glitches LEFT in Python? Python 2.4 (#1, Dec 1 2004, 14:23:15) [GCC 3.2.3] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. True, False = False, True True False Ugh, today I've found this in some legacy code (yes, there *is* legacy code in Python). And I will not touch this module until such syntax become illegal. -- Jarek Zgoda http://jpa.berlios.de/ | http://www.zgodowie.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: popen2.Popen3 doesn't work well for me
It does but that's not what I want. I need a class which I can query for process termination for instance... Is there a way to overcome this problem with Popen3? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Running doctests with unittest
Thomas Heller wrote: I'm trying to integrate some doctest tests with unittest. The tests must be exposed as one or more subclasses of unittest.TestCase, so I'm collecting them with a call to doctest.DocTestSuite(), and then add them to a TestCase class I have created. The tests seem to run, but they always seem to succeed - I have no idea why. Any ideas? Thomas ---snip--- print Hi print 1213 def func(): print spam print blah import doctest, unittest suite = doctest.DocTestSuite() class TestCase(unittest.TestCase): pass for index, test in enumerate(suite._tests): setattr(TestCase, test_%d % index, test) if __name__ == __main__: if 1: import unittest unittest.main() else: import doctest doctest.testmod() ---snip--- I can't explain why all the tests seemed to pass, but I tried a different approach that works. Once you have a suite object, you just need to run it. The TextTestRunner works well for that. I got output errors and failures by doing the following: if __name__ == '__main__': import doctest, unittest suite = doctest.DocTestSuite() testRunner = unittest.TextTestRunner() testRunner.run(suite) HTH, Jim Sizelove -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: popen2.Popen3 doesn't work well for me
alexrait1 wrote: It does but that's not what I want. I need a class which I can query for process termination for instance... Is there a way to overcome this problem with Popen3? If you're using Python 2.4 you should look into the subprocess module. I think these docs might be what you're looking for: http://docs.python.org/lib/node235.html STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Unicode BOM marks
Francis Girard wrote: Le lundi 7 Mars 2005 21:54, Martin v. Lwis a crit : Hi, Thank you for your very informative answer. Some interspersed remarks follow. I personally would write my applications so that they put the signature into files that cannot be concatenated meaningfully (since the signature simplifies encoding auto-detection) and leave out the signature from files which can be concatenated (as concatenating the files will put the signature in the middle of a file). Well, no text files can't be concatenated ! Sooner or later, someone will use cat on the text files your application did generate. That will be a lot of fun for the new unicode aware super-cat. It is my understanding that the BOM (U+feff) is actually the Unicode character Non-breaking zero-width space. I take this to mean that the character can appear invisibly anywhere in text, and its appearance as the first character of a text is pretty harmless. Concateniating files will leave invisible space characters in the middle of the text, but presumably not in the middle of words, so no harm is done there either. I suspect that the fact that an explicitly invisible character feff has an invalid character code fffe for its byte-reversed counterpart is no accident, and that the charecter was intended from inception to also server as a byte order indication. Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web framework
You may also want to look at Spyce. It is similar to JSP,PHP, or ASP. There are some good docs and examples at the site. http://spyce.sourceforge.net/ -jjr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
Dave Opstad wrote:
In this snippet:
d = {'x': 1}
value = d.get('x', bigscaryfunction())
the bigscaryfunction is always called, even though 'x' is a valid key.
Is there a short-circuit version of get that doesn't evaluate the
second argument if the first is a valid key? For now I'll code around
it, but this behavior surprised me a bit...
Dave
If (and this is a big if) you know that the dictionary contains no values that
evaluate to boolean false, then you can use the short-circuiting 'or' operator:
def bigscaryfunction():
... print scary
...
d= globals()
d.get(key) or bigscaryfunction()
scary
d.get(__name__) or bigscaryfunction()
'LazyDictget'
Alternatively, you can just write your own getter function:
def lazyget(dict_, key, default):
... if key in dict_:
... return dict_[key]
... else:
... return default()
...
lazyget(d,key,bigscaryfunction)
scary
lazyget(d,__name__,bigscaryfunction)
'LazyDictget'
The optimal choice of whether to look before you leap i.e., if key in dict_
or simply catch KeyError, depends on the ratio of hits to misses. Google will
turn up some experimental data on this, but, I seem to recall that if more than
10% attempts are misses, then LBYL is faster, because raising the exception is slow
Michael
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Re: python cvs interface?
Corey, WinCvs can use python for macros, you might want to look at their code: http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/cvsgui/cvsgui/PythonLib/cvsgui/ You may also want to look at viewcvs, which is written in Python. -jjr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[German] Deutsche Python Newsgroup ist eingerichtet
(This posting will be interesting for german speaking folks only.) Hallo, die deutsche Pyhton-Newsgroup de.comp.lang.python wurde endlich eingerichtet. Vielen Dank an alle, die fuer die Einrichtung gestimmt haben! Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: enum question
On Friday 04 March 2005 02:54 pm, M.N.A.Smadi wrote: does python support a C-like enum statement where one can define a variable with prespesified range of values? No, but in most situations where I would've used an enum, I use a trivial class like this: class states: ON, OFF, UNKNOWN, UNDEFINED, INCOMPREHENSIBLE, SILLY = range(6) The values are actually integers of course. Then I can pass named values to a function: from silly import walk, states walk(kind=states.SILLY) If you want to make them more like a bitfield, you could always do this instead: class properties: AUDIBLE, VISIBLE, SPEAKABLE = [2**i for i in range(3)] then you can have, e.g.: evil(allowed=False, AUDIBLE|VISIBLE|SPEAKABLE) if mode AUDIBLE: hear() if mode VISIBLE: see() etc. Obviously if you want more rigid assurance of the behavior of the variable in question you'd need more work. But most of the time, enums are just to make the code more readable, so I do this, which is extremely compact, and yet pretty clear. You *can* drop the enum values into the module namespace, but then importing them is a pain, so I like to qualify them with the class as shown. Cheers, Terry -- -- Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispaceworks.com ) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [perl-python] a program to delete duplicate files
On Wednesday 09 March 2005 06:56 am, Xah Lee wrote:
here's a large exercise that uses what we built before.
suppose you have tens of thousands of files in various directories.
Some of these files are identical, but you don't know which ones are
identical with which. Write a program that prints out which file are
redundant copies.
For anyone interested in responding to the above, a starting
place might be this maintenance script I wrote for my own use. I don't
think it exactly matches the spec, but it addresses the problem. I wrote
this to clean up a large tree of image files once. The exact behavior
described requires the '--exec=ls %s' option as mentioned in the help.
#!/usr/bin/env python
# (C) 2003 Anansi Spaceworks
#---
# find_duplicates
Utility to find duplicate files in a directory tree by
comparing their checksums.
#---
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
#---
import os, sys, md5, getopt
def file_walker(tbl, srcpath, files):
Visit a path and collect data (including checksum) for files in it.
for file in files:
filepath = os.path.join(srcpath, file)
if os.path.isfile(filepath):
chksum = md5.new(open(os.path.join(srcpath, file)).read()).digest()
if not tbl.has_key(chksum): tbl[chksum]=[]
tbl[chksum].append(filepath)
def find_duplicates(treeroot, tbl=None):
Find duplicate files in directory.
dup = {}
if tbl is None: tbl = {}
os.path.walk(treeroot, file_walker, tbl)
for k,v in tbl.items():
if len(v) 1:
dup[k] = v
return dup
usage =
USAGE: find_duplicates options [path ...]
Find duplicate files (by matching md5 checksums) in a
collection of paths (defaults to the current directory).
Note that the order of the paths searched will be retained
in the resulting duplicate file lists. This can be used
with --exec and --index to automate handling.
Options:
-h, -H, --help
Print this help.
-q, --quiet
Don't print normal report.
-x, --exec=command string
Python-formatted command string to act on the indexed
duplicate in each duplicate group found. E.g. try
--exec=ls %s
-n, --index=index into duplicates
Which in a series of duplicates to use. Begins with '1'.
Default is '1' (i.e. the first file listed).
Example:
You've copied many files from path ./A into path ./B. You want
to delete all the ones you've processed already, but not
delete anything else:
% find_duplicates -q --exec=rm %s --index=1 ./A ./B
def main():
action = None
quiet = 0
index = 1
dup= {}
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'qhHn:x:',
['quiet', 'help', 'exec=', 'index='])
for opt, val in opts:
if opt in ('-h', '-H', '--help'):
print usage
sys.exit()
elif opt in ('-x', '--exec'):
action = str(val)
elif opt in ('-n', '--index'):
index = int(val)
elif opt in ('-q', '--quiet'):
quiet = 1
if len(args)==0:
dup = find_duplicates('.')
else:
tbl = {}
for arg in args:
dup = find_duplicates(arg, tbl=tbl)
for k, v in dup.items():
if not quiet:
print Duplicates:
for f in v: print \t%s % f
if action:
os.system(action % v[index-1])
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
--
--
Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispaceworks.com )
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com
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An Odd Little Script
Hello- I have a task which -- dare I say -- would be easy in asbestos_undies Perl /asbestos_undies but would rather do in Python (our primary language at Novasys). I have a file with varying length records. All but the first record, that is; it's always 107 bytes long. What I would like to do is strip out all linefeeds from the file, read the character in position 107 (the end of segment delimiter) and then replace all of the end of segment characters with linefeeds, making a file where each segment is on its own line. Currently, some vendors supply files with linefeeds, others don't, and some split the file every 80 bytes. In Perl I would operate on the file in place and be on my way. The files can be quite large, so I'd rather not be making extra copies unless it's absolutely essential/required. I turn to the collective wisdom/trickery of the list to point me in the right direction. How can I perform the above task while keeping my sanity? Thanks! --greg -- Greg Lindstrom 501 975.4859 Computer Programmer [EMAIL PROTECTED] NovaSys Health Little Rock, Arkansas We are the music makers, and we are the dreamers of dreams. W.W. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[wxPython] How to allow events during long processing routine?
I'm running some code that takes a long time to finish. I would like the user to be able to do other things while it is running. It seems to me there is a function I can call to tell wxPython to process any pending messages or events. I would call this perhaps every 1000 times through my loop. Anybody remember the name of that function? Brent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web framework
Gianluca Sartori [EMAIL PROTECTED] said : Hi guys, What web framework do you suggest to develop with? I had a look both at Nevow and Quixote. These seemes to be the most appreciated by the community. Anyway, I had no luck looking for a complete and coherent documentation. Snakelets is nice, clean, simple to get started, and well documented. Karrigell is about in the same league. CherryPy is a step above (all IMO of course). -- YAFAP : http://www.multimania.com/fredp/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python cvs interface?
Thanks, that looks promising, I'll take a look! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: An Odd Little Script
Greg Lindstrom wrote: I have a file with varying length records. All but the first record, that is; it's always 107 bytes long. What I would like to do is strip out all linefeeds from the file, read the character in position 107 (the end of segment delimiter) and then replace all of the end of segment characters with linefeeds, making a file where each segment is on its own line. H... here's one way of doing it: import mmap import sys DELIMITER_OFFSET = 107 data_file = file(sys.argv[1], r+w) data_file.seek(0, 2) data_length = data_file.tell() data = mmap.mmap(data_file.fileno(), data_length, access=mmap.ACCESS_WRITE) delimiter = data[DELIMITER_OFFSET] for index, char in enumerate(data): if char == delimiter: data[index] = \n data.flush() There are doubtless more efficient ways, like using mmap.mmap.find() instead of iterating over every character but that's an exercise for the reader. And personally I would make extra copies ANYWAY--not doing so is asking for trouble. -- Michael Hoffman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: An Odd Little Script
On Wednesday 09 March 2005 04:06 pm, Greg Lindstrom wrote:
Hello-
I have a task which -- dare I say -- would be easy in asbestos_undies
Perl /asbestos_undies but would rather do in Python (our primary
language at Novasys). I have a file with varying length records. All
but the first record, that is; it's always 107 bytes long. What I would
like to do is strip out all linefeeds from the file, read the character
in position 107 (the end of segment delimiter) and then replace all of
the end of segment characters with linefeeds, making a file where each
segment is on its own line. Currently, some vendors supply files with
linefeeds, others don't, and some split the file every 80 bytes. In
Perl I would operate on the file in place and be on my way. The files
can be quite large, so I'd rather not be making extra copies unless it's
absolutely essential/required.
The only problem I see is the in place requirement, which seems silly
unless by quite large you mean multiple gigabytes. Surely Perl
actually makes a copy in the process even though you never see
it? That much shouldn't be hard, but *actually* doing it in-place
runs into problems with the file data being accidently overwritten,
doesn't it?
I'd make a copy and delete the original afterwards.
delimiter = open('original', 'r').read(108)[107]
# this is actually the 108th character, right?
# if you mean the actual 107th character, that'll be element [106] of course
BLOCKSIZE = 1
inf = open('original', 'r')
ouf = open('result', 'w')
for block in inf.read(BLOCKSIZE):
block = block.replace('\n', '')
block = block.replace(delimiter, '\n')
ouf.write(block)
Now, if we can GUARANTEE that the block never gets longer, it seems
likely that you could actually open the file 'rw' and use the same file handle
for output and input, with explicit seek() and tell() methods being used:
# REALLY, COMPLETELY UNTESTED AND DANGEROUS
delimiter = open('original', 'r').read(108)[107] # this is actually the 108th
character, right?
BLOCKSIZE = 1
f = open('didnt_really_want_that_file_anyway.dat', 'rw')
def indata(fp, sz):
data = fp.read(sz)
pos = fp.tell()
return data, pos
def outdata(fp, pos, data):
fp.seek(pos)
fp.write(data)
pos = fp.tell()
return pos
outpos = 0
for block, inpos in indata(f,BLOCKSIZE):
block = block.replace('\n', '')
block = block.replace(delimiter, '\n')
outpos = outdata(f, outpos, block)
# TOTALLY UNTESTED!
I can imagine evil operating system behavior that could make this trash the
file,
BTW, such as reading or writing data in blocks. I'd want to test to make sure
such things don't happen (or that Python magically compensates somehow).
But is it really worth that?
Cheers,
Terry
--
--
Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispaceworks.com )
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com
--
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Re: Web framework
Gianluca Sartori [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: What web framework do you suggest to develop with? I tend to use mod_python. Phil -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Share a accomodation at PyCon from march 22-27?
Hi Guys, is someone interested in sharing accomodation during the upcoming PyCon? I'll be there from the 22 to 27th of march (five nights). Gregoire -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recognizing the Arrival of a New File
Greg Lindstrom [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hello- I am writing an application where I need to recognize when a file arrives in a given directory. Files may arrive at any time during the course of the day. Do I set up a cron job to poll the directory every few minutes? Write a daemon to monitor the directory? Or is there some other more common/accepted way to perform this task? I'm using Python 2.3 on Linux. At my last job, we had a similar problem and I wanted to be able to check that the file was closed by the application that was putting it there (in that case the application was w32 writing to a share via samba). http://cmg.dok.org/cgi-bin/pyblosxom.cgi/python/linuxlease/ Every other way I could find that relied on simple FS semantics had the possibility of reading a file partially. -- Chris Green [EMAIL PROTECTED] Eschew obfuscation. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: An Odd Little Script
This might be hack-ish, more elegant solutions are likely to exist, but this is the general idea: LINEFEED = \n # or whatever EOR = ?# or whatever def fixEOR(filename): f = open(filename,r+) byte = True # loops through whole file while True: # loops through record while byte and (byte != EOR): byte=f.read(1) if not byte: break f.seek(-1,1)# backup 1 byte = LINEFEED f.write(byte) # incidentally, will put LINEFEED at EOF f.flush() f.close() On Wednesday 09 March 2005 02:06 pm, Greg Lindstrom wrote: Hello- I have a task which -- dare I say -- would be easy in asbestos_undies Perl /asbestos_undies but would rather do in Python (our primary language at Novasys). I have a file with varying length records. All but the first record, that is; it's always 107 bytes long. What I would like to do is strip out all linefeeds from the file, read the character in position 107 (the end of segment delimiter) and then replace all of the end of segment characters with linefeeds, making a file where each segment is on its own line. Currently, some vendors supply files with linefeeds, others don't, and some split the file every 80 bytes. In Perl I would operate on the file in place and be on my way. The files can be quite large, so I'd rather not be making extra copies unless it's absolutely essential/required. I turn to the collective wisdom/trickery of the list to point me in the right direction. How can I perform the above task while keeping my sanity? Thanks! --greg -- Greg Lindstrom 501 975.4859 Computer Programmer [EMAIL PROTECTED] NovaSys Health Little Rock, Arkansas We are the music makers, and we are the dreamers of dreams. W.W. -- James Stroud, Ph.D. UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics Box 951570 Los Angeles, CA 90095 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: An Odd Little Script
Greg Lindstrom wrote:
Hello-
I have a task which -- dare I say -- would be easy in
asbestos_undies
Perl /asbestos_undies but would rather do in Python (our primary
language at Novasys). I have a file with varying length records.
All
but the first record, that is; it's always 107 bytes long. What I
would
like to do is strip out all linefeeds from the file, read the
character
in position 107 (the end of segment delimiter) and then replace all
of
the end of segment characters with linefeeds, making a file where
each
segment is on its own line. Currently, some vendors supply files
with
linefeeds, others don't, and some split the file every 80 bytes. In
Perl I would operate on the file in place and be on my way. The
files
can be quite large, so I'd rather not be making extra copies unless
it's
absolutely essential/required.
I turn to the collective wisdom/trickery of the list to point me in
the
right direction. How can I perform the above task while keeping my
sanity?
Thanks!
--greg
--
Greg Lindstrom 501 975.4859
Computer Programmer [EMAIL PROTECTED]
NovaSys Health
Little Rock, Arkansas
We are the music makers, and we are the dreamers of dreams. W.W.
This should be fairly simple, but maybe not ;)
# get the end of segment character
# this is not optimal but should be a start
f = open('yourrecord', 'r')
eos = f.seek(107).read(1)
r = f.read()
f.close()
r = r.replace('\r', '')
r = r.replace('\n', '')
r = r.replace(eos, '\n')
f = open('yourrecord', 'w')
f.write(r)
f.close()
hth,
M.E.Farmer
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: An Odd Little Script
Greg Lindstrom wrote: I have a task which -- dare I say -- would be easy in asbestos_undies Perl /asbestos_undies but would rather do in Python (our primary language at Novasys). I have a file with varying length records. All but the first record, that is; it's always 107 bytes long. I intuit that you are dealing with EDI documents. If so, there have been some recent discussions (and code) here. This Google Groups search will probably help: http://groups-beta.google.com/groups?q=group:comp.lang.python+edistart=0scoring=d; (http://tinyurl.com/6urby). -- Benji York Sr. Software Engineer Zope Corporation -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a short-circuiting dictionary get method?
untested def my_getter(m, i, f): try: return m[i] except (KeyError, IndexError): return f() my_getter(d, 'x', bigscaryfunction) my_getter(d, 'y', lambda: scaryinlineexpresion) pgp04VRKFqQL1.pgp Description: PGP signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
