Re: How do i read just the last line of a text file?
Chris F.A. Johnson wrote: file = open(argv[1]) ## Open the file given on the command line all_lines = file.readlines() ## Read all the lines I see your shadowing and raise you one obfuscation: open = file(argv[1]) ## File the open given on the command line all_lines = open.readlines() ## Read all the lines -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
SWIG std::string passing
Hello, I have been trying to get this simple call to work with a SWIG interface. The problem is I do not know how to pass a const char * or a std::string in python to SWIG wrapped code. I tried several of the *.i libraries at http://www.swig.org/Doc1.3/Library.html. Most notably the std_string.i And get the following: w.SetDestFilename(test.bmp) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? File /home/soa/dev/users/reder/Dshell++Pkg-reder01/lib/PYTHON/Dspace/Dnoise_Py.py, line 1340, in SetDestFilename def SetDestFilename(*args): return _Dnoise_Py.WriterBMP_SetDestFilename(*args) TypeError: argument number 2: a 'std::string *' is expected, 'str(test.bmp)' is received The C++ method is: void WriterBMP::SetDestFilename (const std::string filename) This should be easy to pass the filename to? Do you have an example? What do I add to the *.i file? Thanks for any and all replies, Len -- === Leonard J. Reder Home office email : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Lab email : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Lab web page : http://reder.jpl.nasa.gov === -- === Leonard J. Reder Home office email : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Lab email : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Lab web page : http://reder.jpl.nasa.gov === -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
need help of RE
hi all a string like (word1 (Word2|woRd3)) how can i use the re to split it to ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: the problem with cgi
Has anyone seen that problem with running a python cgi script in a server? It takes you to myspace.com/redmartian or something. Anyway, does anyone know when this problem will be fixed? Xah Lee is working on it. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do i read just the last line of a text file?
On Sun, 29 May 2005 at 05:57 GMT, John Machin wrote: Chris F.A. Johnson wrote: file = open(argv[1]) ## Open the file given on the command line all_lines = file.readlines() ## Read all the lines I see your shadowing and raise you one obfuscation: ;) open = file(argv[1]) ## File the open given on the command line all_lines = open.readlines() ## Read all the lines Such verbosity! (I excuse mine on the grounds that it was my first attempt at a Python program.) all_lines = file(argv[1]).readlines() And to answer the question in the subject line: last_line = file(argv[1]).readlines()[-1] Both of which assume from sys import argv. Now I have to get serious and forget those bad habits. -- Chris F.A. Johnson http://cfaj.freeshell.org == Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach, 2005, Apress http://www.torfree.net/~chris/books/cfaj/ssr.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
On May 29, 2005, at 12:39 AM, cheng wrote: hi all a string like (word1 (Word2|woRd3)) how can i use the re to split it to ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] Could you be more exact about what the string is like? Does it literally contain the characters '' and '|' ? If so, just split at them. -- Elliot Temple http://www.curi.us/ --- [This E-mail scanned for viruses by Declude Virus] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
im sorry, my engilsh is not vell well, the string not only contain '' and '|' and it can be anyting i just want to split out the whole word inside the string -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
i try query = query.lower() print re.split(r'\W+',theString) the reslut is : ['', 'word1', 'word2', 'word3', ''] how can i fix the statment to get ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
i try theString= theString.lower() print re.split(r'\W+',theString) the reslut is : ['', 'word1', 'word2', 'word3', ''] how can i fix the statment to get ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
On May 29, 2005, at 12:57 AM, cheng wrote: im sorry, my engilsh is not vell well, the string not only contain '' and '|' and it can be anyting i just want to split out the whole word inside the string If the string could be anything, how do you know where the words are? If it's whitespace that separates words, try out str.split() -- Elliot Temple http://www.curi.us/ --- [This E-mail scanned for viruses by Declude Virus] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
cheng wrote: im sorry, my engilsh is not vell well, That's alright, you could have been french. ;) the string not only contain '' and '|' and it can be anyting i just want to split out the whole word inside the string Look at the example for split function of re module in the doc [1]. In short: import re s=(word1 (Word2|woRd3)) re.split(\W+,s) ['', 'word1', 'Word2', 'woRd3', ''] [w.lower() for w in re.split(\W+,s) if w != ''] ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] [1]http://python.org/doc/lib/node114.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
On Sun, 29 May 2005 at 07:39 GMT, cheng wrote: hi all a string like (word1 (Word2|woRd3)) how can i use the re to split it to ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] This splits the string on one or more occurrences of any character that is not alphanumeric: import re str = (word1 (Word2|woRd3)) s = re.sub([^a-zA-Z0-9]+, ,str).split() -- Chris F.A. Johnson http://cfaj.freeshell.org == Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach, 2005, Apress http://www.torfree.net/~chris/books/cfaj/ssr.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
thx for help..i got it now :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
cheng [EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
| hi all
| a string like
|
| (word1 (Word2|woRd3))
|
| how can i use the re to split it to
|
| ['word1', 'word2', 'word3']
|
import re
s = (word1 (Word2|woRd3)
parts = re.split('\W+', s)
print [p for p in parts if p]
--
Vincent Wehren
--
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Re: need help of RE
cheng wrote: hi all a string like (word1 (Word2|woRd3)) how can i use the re to split it to ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] OK, so you know about the re module. Look in the manual: there's a module-level function called split, with an example similar to yours. Did you try that? Let's do it now: import re text = (word1 (Word2|woRd3)).lower() # you seem to want downshifting ... re.split(r\W+, text) ['', 'word1', 'word2', 'word3', ''] Hmmm ... near, but not exactly what you want. We need to throw away those empty strings, which will appear if you have non-word characters at the ends of your text. Two ways of doing that: filter(None, re.split(r\W+, text)) ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] or [x for x in re.split(r\W+, text) if x] ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] Forget about filter. Read about list comprehensions and generator expressions -- they are more general and powerful. Cheers, John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Xml writing in Python and verifying using XSD
Diez B. Roggisch wrote: Use StringIO to capture the output of your writings, and use a xsd-validating parser (not sure which one, but google should help) to reread that. Or a temporary file. Thank you very much. I'll try that. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Creating dict from keys and values
Hi there,
I'm looking for an intuitive way of creating a dict from what the
dict.keys() and dict.values() will return (two lists).
Currently, I'm using this code:
d = {}
for i in range(len(data)):
d[header[i]] = data[i]
But this feels kind of inelegant. So: is there a better way?
TIA,
Dirkjan
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ControlDesk Automation in dSpace
I am having trouble using the ControlDesk automation libraries in python. In particluiar running the automation in a thread. My code is as follows, is keeps coming up with this strange error. Any help would be great. Crispen import cdacon from time import sleep from cdautomationlib import * def Auto(): sleep(0.5) # triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control_1:WriteData Instrumentation().ConnectionController.DisableSystemPoll() Instrumentation().Layouts.Item(c:\\users\\matlab files\\triggering.lay).Instruments.Item(dSPACE NumericInput Control_1).Value = 1. Instrumentation().ConnectionController.ProcessAnimationEvent (triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control_1,WriteData) Instrumentation().ConnectionController.EnableSystemPoll() sleep(0.5) # triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control_1:WriteData Instrumentation().ConnectionController.DisableSystemPoll() Instrumentation().Layouts.Item(c:\\users\\matlab files\\triggering.lay).Instruments.Item(dSPACE NumericInput Control_1).Value = 0.0 Instrumentation().ConnectionController.ProcessAnimationEvent(triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control_1,WriteData) Instrumentation().ConnectionController.EnableSystemPoll() sleep(0.5) # triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control:WriteData Instrumentation().ConnectionController.DisableSystemPoll() Instrumentation().Layouts.Item(c:\\users\\matlab files\\triggering.lay).Instruments.Item(dSPACE NumericInput Control).Value = 1. Instrumentation().ConnectionController.ProcessAnimationEvent (triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control,WriteData) Instrumentation().ConnectionController.EnableSystemPoll() sleep(0.5) # triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control:WriteData Instrumentation().ConnectionController.DisableSystemPoll() sleep(0.5) Instrumentation().Layouts.Item(c:\\users\\matlab files\\triggering.lay).Instruments.Item(dSPACE NumericInput Control).Value = 0.0 Instrumentation().ConnectionController.ProcessAnimationEvent(triggering://dSPACE NumericInput Control,WriteData) Instrumentation().ConnectionController.EnableSystemPoll() sleep(0.5) Instrumentation().Layouts.Item(c:\\users\\matlab files\\triggering.lay).Activate() sleep(0.5) Instrumentation().Layouts.Item(c:\\users\\matlab files\\triggering.lay).Activate() thread.start_new_thread(Auto,()) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Creating dict from keys and values
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
Dirkjan Ochtman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi there,
I'm looking for an intuitive way of creating a dict from what the
dict.keys() and dict.values() will return (two lists).
Currently, I'm using this code:
d = {}
for i in range(len(data)):
d[header[i]] = data[i]
But this feels kind of inelegant. So: is there a better way?
d = dict(zip(header, data))
Just
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Re: Copy paste in entry widget
I need it for Linux, so far only TkInter used. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Getting value of radiobutton trouble
Philippe C. Martin wrote: PS: Since your starting with TKinter, and although I do not know what your goal is, I suggest you take a look at wxPython: it is _wonderfull_ ! (no offence to TCL/TK) Regards, Philippe VK wrote: Philippe C. Martin wrote: Hi, I think your second call to Tk() does it: this works although the look is different: from Tkinter import * class GetVariant: def __init__(self): self.root = Tk() self.mainframe = Frame(self.root,bg=yellow) self.mainframe.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1) self.firstframe = Frame(self.mainframe,bg=red) self.firstframe.pack(side=BOTTOM,expand=1) global v v = StringVar() self.radiobutton = Radiobutton(self.firstframe,text= Variant 1, variable=v, value=Variant 1) self.radiobutton.pack(side=TOP,anchor=W) self.radiobutton.select() self.radiobutton = Radiobutton(self.firstframe,text= Variant 2, variable=v, value=Variant 2) self.radiobutton.pack(side=TOP,anchor=W) self.radiobutton = Radiobutton(self.firstframe,text= Variant 3, variable=v, value=Variant 3) self.radiobutton.pack(side=TOP,anchor=W) self.secondframe = Frame(self.mainframe,bg=blue) self.secondframe.pack() self.var = Button(self.secondframe,text=What Variant,command=self.call) self.var.pack(expand=1,side=BOTTOM) def call(self): self.variant = v.get() print 'Input = %s' % self.variant class OneButton: def __init__(self): self.root = Tk() Button(self.root,text=click me,command=self.getvar).pack() def getvar(self): a=GetVariant() d = OneButton() d.root.mainloop() VK wrote: Hi! What I'm missing in following code? Cannot get the values of radiobuttons. Starting only one class (GetVariant), it works. When I put two classes together, it doesn't. Regards, VK from Tkinter import * class GetVariant: def __init__(self): self.root = Tk() self.mainframe = Frame(self.root,bg=yellow) self.mainframe.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1) self.firstframe = Frame(self.mainframe,bg=red) self.firstframe.pack(side=BOTTOM,expand=1) global v v = StringVar() self.radiobutton = Radiobutton(self.firstframe,text= Variant 1, variable=v, value=Variant 1) self.radiobutton.pack(side=TOP,anchor=W) self.radiobutton.select() self.radiobutton = Radiobutton(self.firstframe,text= Variant 2, variable=v, value=Variant 2) self.radiobutton.pack(side=TOP,anchor=W) self.radiobutton = Radiobutton(self.firstframe,text= Variant 3, variable=v, value=Variant 3) self.radiobutton.pack(side=TOP,anchor=W) self.secondframe = Frame(self.mainframe,bg=blue) self.secondframe.pack() self.var = Button(self.secondframe,text=What Variant,command=self.call) self.var.pack(expand=1,side=BOTTOM) def call(self): self.variant = v.get() print 'Input = %s' % self.variant class OneButton: def __init__(self): self.root = Tk() Button(self.root,text=click me,command=self.getvar).pack() def getvar(self): a=GetVariant() d = OneButton() d.root.mainloop() Sorry, but I don't get it. There is no deference between my code and your answer. I'm beginner... Thanks for your help! Toplevel made the job. Reg. VK -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a better way of doing this?
On Sat, 28 May 2005 13:24:19 +, Michael wrote:
Hi,
I'm fairly new at Python, and have the following code that works but isn't
very concise, is there a better way of writing it?? It seems much more
lengthy than python code i have read. :-)
(takes a C++ block and extracts the namespaces from it)
Does it work? If Yes, then if it works, don't fix it.
Is it fast enough? If Yes, then don't optimise prematurely.
Does it do everything you need it to do? If Yes, then know when to stop
programming.
Is it written in good Python style? If Yes, then leave it alone.
The last one is the most difficult, because nobody agrees what good
Python style is. A lot of it depends on who is going to be reading your
code. Personally, I worry about folks who try to turn every piece of code
into a one-liner. If you want to write perl, write perl. Just because you
can write something as a nested list comprehension doesn't mean you should.
Having said that, I'll make some stylistic suggestions:
def ExtractNamespaces(data):
print(Extracting Namespaces)
print is a statement, not a function. The brackets are syntactically
correct, but pointless. Remove them.
p = re.compile( 'namespace (?Pname[\w]*)[\n\t ]*{')
subNamespaces = []
newNS = p.search(data)
while( newNS ):
Guido (our Benevolent Dictator For Life and creator of Python) hates
seeing whitespace next to parentheses. I agree with him. while(newNS)
good, while( newNS ) bad.
See http://www.python.org/doc/essays/styleguide.html for Guido's
suggestions.
print \t + newNS.group(name)
OPCount = 1
Offset = newNS.end()
while(OPCount 0):
if( data[Offset] == } ):
See above comment about whitespace inside brackets.
More importantly, you don't need the brackets at all. You can write:
if data[Offset] == }:
which is less visually confusing. The only time I use brackets in an if
statement is to clarify complex Boolean expressions, eg
if myFlag and ((somevalue == 3) or (num_fibberts != 1)):
Otherwise, drop the brackets.
OPCount = OPCount -1;
You aren't writing Pascal or C now, so you don't need the semi-colon. The
semi-colon isn't wrong, as such, since Python allows you to put multiple
statements on a single line separated with semi-colons, but it isn't
recommended and will give away the fact that you are (1) a newbie and (2)
not really comfortable with Python.
In more recent versions of Python, you can also write that as OPCount -= 1
elif( data[Offset] == { ):
OPCount = OPCount + 1;
Offset = Offset+1;
Again, drop the brackets from the elif statement and the semi-colons. Not
the colons, they are required!
#Extract Data:
More comments! Comments are good. There are those who claim that you
should write more comments than code. I don't quite agree with that, but
more detailed comments would not go astray.
newNSData = data[newNS.end():Offset-1]
data = data[0:newNS.start()] + data[Offset:]
newNamespace = [newNS.group(name), newNSData];
subNamespaces.append(newNamespace)
By now you should be sick of me telling you not to use semi-colons.
#Perform NewSearch
newNS = p.search(data)
return [subNamespaces,data]
A single space after commas helps make the phrase more readable.
Other than those stylistic comments, and the need for more comments, it
looks good to me.
--
Steven
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Re: Is there a better way of doing this?
Steven D'Aprano wrote: Guido (our Benevolent Dictator For Life and creator of Python) hates seeing whitespace next to parentheses. I agree with him. while(newNS) good, while( newNS ) bad. while is a statement, so while(newNS) is bad in more than one way. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help with choice of suitable Architecture
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: . . . good reason exception. I dunno about suggest. I do see that . . . URL: http://labs.google.com//suggestfaq.html , to ensure we're all talking about the same thing. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a better way of doing this?
Hi,
I don't know very well what you want to do, but if you want to parse
c++, take a look at GCC-XML python (http://www.gccxml.org) and the
python binding (http://pygccxml.sourceforge.net/). These tools
translate c++ code to XML. Then, you can parse xml with your favorite
tools and find the namespaces for example...
Your code don't seem very pythonic, and it seems there is a bug...
For example what's append if a comment contains a '}' inside a
namesapce? (or a string contains a '{' ?
I think you should better use most appropriate tools to do this kind of jobs...
Cyril
On 5/28/05, Michael [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi,I'm fairly new at Python, and have the following code that works but isn'tvery concise, is there a better way of writing it?? It seems much morelengthy than python code i have read. :-)(takes a C++ block and extracts the namespaces from it)
def ExtractNamespaces(data): print(Extracting Namespaces) p = re.compile( 'namespace (?Pname[\w]*)[\n\t ]*{') subNamespaces = [] newNS = p.search(data) while( newNS ):
print \t + newNS.group(name)OPCount = 1Offset = newNS.end()while(OPCount 0): if( data[Offset] == } ):OPCount = OPCount -1; elif( data[Offset] == { ):
OPCount = OPCount + 1; Offset = Offset+1;#Extract Data:newNSData = data[newNS.end():Offset-1]data = "" + data[Offset:]newNamespace = [newNS.group(name), newNSData];
subNamespaces.append(newNamespace)#Perform NewSearchnewNS = p.search(data) return [subNamespaces,data]--
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Re: Trying to understand pickle.loads withou class declaration
Even class A: pass should do the trick. Only the instance attributes are saved by a pickle, not the methods or the class itself. The unpickler tries to merge the saved data and the class/method info that is not saved to recreate the fully functional instance... but of course this info should still be available. The unpickler will even import the class from the appropriate module if necessary. If you want your unpickler to manufacture a class for you when it is not available, you may use the gnosis xml pickler with the appropriate security (paranoia) level. http://gnosis.cx/download/gnosis/xml/pickle/ Cheers, Seb -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: the problem with cgi
Hi All-- EP wrote: Has anyone seen that problem with running a python cgi script in a server? It takes you to myspace.com/redmartian or something. Anyway, does anyone know when this problem will be fixed? Xah Lee is working on it. Oh, that's reassuring. Does he have his tinfoil hat on? Metta, Ivan PS: Sorry, I meant, Does he have his fucking tinfoil hat on? -- Ivan Van Laningham God N Locomotive Works http://www.andi-holmes.com/ http://www.foretec.com/python/workshops/1998-11/proceedings.html Army Signal Corps: Cu Chi, Class of '70 Author: Teach Yourself Python in 24 Hours -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a better way of doing this?
On 5/29/05, Cyril BAZIN [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I don't know very well what you want to do, but if you want to parse c++, take a look at GCC-XML python (http://www.gccxml.org) and the python binding (http://pygccxml.sourceforge.net/). These tools translate c++ code to XML. Then, you can parse xml with your favorite tools and find the namespaces for example... Small correction: pygccxml does not translate C++ to xml. The purpose of pygccxml is to read file generated by GCC-XML and provide simple framework to navigate C++ declarations using python classes. Roman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: first release of PyPy
Kay Schluehr wrote: Anton Vredegoor wrote: I'm not involved in PyPy myself but this would seem a logical possibility. To go a step further, if the compiler somehow would know about the shortest machine code sequence which would produce the desired effect then there would be no reason to limit onself to only those relatively inefficent standard code sequences that are inside system dll's. Are You shure that this problem is effectively solvable in any language? Since You did not precise Your idea I'm not shure whether You want to solve the halting-problem in PyPy or not ;) Since PyPy is covering new territory it seemed important to provide new ideas so that they have something to look forward to and will not fall asleep at the entrance of the new area. Maybe I failed with the new part but at least I tried :-) Whether they are supposed to solve the halting problem or if that can reasonably be expected I don't now either. Is it ethical to send people on an impossible mission in order to harvest the spinoff? Some evil genius might have created this universe in order to do just that! However, people posting code to this list are often reminded of other algorithms (are you sorting this list? why not use quicksort?) so it seems possible at least for humans to guess the intentions of another coder sometimes, and provide better code. Every time something is described at a higher level (these levels cannot be found within the original system but must be created by a leap of the imagination or by divine intervention) there seem to be ways to remove superfluous things and be more effective even at the lower level. Anton 'answering all questions destroys the universe?' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
nice OOP training problem
I found this on the web: http://www.setgame.com/set/puzzle_frame.htm and I'm currently trying to develop a script that models this space and that gives a nice graphic display. Also developing a solver for this or larger spaces looks interesting. I'm not asking for assistance, it just looks like some interesting programming experience and why should there be all work and no play? So code solving any part of this problem (the grafics) or the solver (find all solutions) would be interesting. Anton -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to convert string to list or tuple
On Thu, 26 May 2005 19:53:38 +0800, flyaflya wrote:
a = (1,2,3)
I want convert a to tuple:(1,2,3),but tuple(a) return ('(', '1', ',',
'2', ',', '3', ')') not (1,2,3)
Others have already given some suggestions. Here are some others.
You didn't say where the input string a came from. Do you control
it? Instead of using:
String_Tuple_To_Real_Tuple((1,2,3))
can you just create the tuple in the first place?
a = (1, 2, 3)
Second suggestion: if you know that the input string will ALWAYS be in the
form (1,2,3) then you can do this:
a = (1,2,3)
a = a[1:-1] # deletes leading and trailing parentheses
a = a.split(,) # creates a list [1, 2, 3] (items are strings)
a = [int(x) for x in a] # creates a list [1, 2, 3] (items are integers)
a = tuple(a) # coverts to a tuple
or as a one-liner:
a = (1,2,3)
a = tuple([int(x) for x in a[1:-1].split(,)])
Best of all, wrap your logic in a function definition with some
error-checking:
def String_Tuple_To_Real_Tuple(s):
Return a tuple of ints from a string that looks like a tuple.
if not s:
return ()
if (s[0] == () and s[-1] == )):
s = s[1:-1]
else:
raise ValueError(Missing bracket(s) in string.)
return tuple([int(x) for x in s.split(,)])
Hope this helps,
--
Steven.
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2D vector graphics Problem
Hi all, I'm new here. Name's Max from tuscany, and I don't speak english very well :-) I am not veteran at coding, I am most like an artisan coder since commodore 64 times. Now the problem: I would like to have a little 2d engine to calculate and trace segments and poly's and their collisions, rotations and trasformations. I didn't understand too much in tutorials (you're all high school coders, well informed in maths and programming theory!!! :-))) so I took my old school books on Cartesian space and had a refresh. Proceeding in this not too optimized way of coding my needs, I took down some generic classes to describe primitive objects in space (vertexes, segments, poly's etc...). Now I try to make a point rotate around another point. Here's my piece of code: def rotate(self, w): # This method belongs to the class Vertex # w = angle expressed in radiants x, y = self.coords xRel, yRel = self.relPoint # The rotation should be relative to this sin, cos = math.sin(w), math.cos(w) x = x * cos - y * sin - xRel * cos + yRel * sin + xRel y = x * sin + y * cos - xRel * sin - yRel * cos + yRel self.coords = (x,y) I know the style isn't professional, and if you should have some piece of advice, you're welcome... but that's not the question. When I render it graphically, using pygame 1.6, the point tends to fall towards the center of rotation round after round. I mean if I have a loop rotating the point by a fixed angle, the point is like attracted by the center every round it does, like in a vortex. I think it depends from float representation inside python, but I have no clear idea about how to resolve it. Maybe should I use Decimal module? Or is there any trick on this subject (2D vector graphics?) that I can't even imagine? Thanks you all, Max -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Newbie learning OOP
Trying to learn OOP concepts and decided to use Python for this purpose. I have coded the following CLASS and it seems to work fine. Any comments on the code or suggestions would be appreciated. The class let you take a person's name and split it up into first last and middle. The class defaults to the assumption that the name will be passed in as a string in first last and middle order however you can set the format attribute to take last first and middle order. You can then get a string back in and opposite order. class names: def __init__(self, format = F): self.format = format def namesplit(self, name): if self.format == F: self.namelist = name.split() self.first = self.namelist[0] self.init = self.namelist[1] self.last = self.namelist[2] else: self.namelist = name.split() self.first = self.namelist[1] self.init = self.namelist[2] self.last = self.namelist[0] return self.first, self.init, self.last def fjoin(self): self.namestring = self.first + ' ' + self.init + ' ' + self.last def ljoin(self): self.namestring = self.last + ' ' + self.first + ' ' + self.init Any comments appreciated. Len Sumnler -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a better way of doing this?
Michael wrote: I'm fairly new at Python, and have the following code that works but isn't very concise, is there a better way of writing it?? It seems much more lengthy than python code i have read. :-) (takes a C++ block and extracts the namespaces from it) Yes, there is a better way to write the code, but I'm afraid that the better way will be much longer rather than shorter. Your code is trying to pick up a complete C++ block by counting the opening and closing braces, but this will break as soon as you have a brace character inside a string or a comment. The better solution would be to use a full blown parser, or at least a lexer which recognises comments and strings. There are several parsing packages for Python, you might like to look at Ply (http://www.dabeaz.com/ply/) since that comes with a sample lexer for Ansi C, and if you added some extra keywords (such as namespace) you could then just treat your input as a token stream. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copy paste in entry widget
Michael Onfrek wrote:
Hi,
is copy, paste, cut of selection possible in entry widget? Docs say
selection must be copied by default, in my programm it doesn't work.
Regards, M.O.
Hear it is
def paste(self):
self.entry.event_generate('Control-v')
def cut(self):
self.entry.event_generate('Control-x')
def copy(self):
self.entry.event_generate('Control-c')
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Re: Trying to understand pickle.loads withou class declaration
Thanks, Philippe Sbastien Boisgrault wrote: Even class A: pass should do the trick. Only the instance attributes are saved by a pickle, not the methods or the class itself. The unpickler tries to merge the saved data and the class/method info that is not saved to recreate the fully functional instance... but of course this info should still be available. The unpickler will even import the class from the appropriate module if necessary. If you want your unpickler to manufacture a class for you when it is not available, you may use the gnosis xml pickler with the appropriate security (paranoia) level. http://gnosis.cx/download/gnosis/xml/pickle/ Cheers, Seb -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Entry scroll doesn't work
Hi! Can entry widget be scrolled? VK TypeError: xview() takes exactly 2 arguments (4 given) Code: from Tkinter import * class ScrollEntry: def __init__(self): self.root = Tk() self.scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.root,orient=HORIZONTAL,) self.entry = Entry(self.root,xscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set) self.entry.focus() self.entry.pack(side=TOP,fill=X) self.scrollbar.pack(fill=X) self.scrollbar.config(command=self.entry.xview) self.entry.config() a=ScrollEntry() a.root.mainloop() -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do i read just the last line of a text file?
Chris F.A. Johnson wrote: On Sun, 29 May 2005 at 05:57 GMT, John Machin wrote: Chris F.A. Johnson wrote: file = open(argv[1]) ## Open the file given on the command line all_lines = file.readlines() ## Read all the lines I see your shadowing and raise you one obfuscation: ;) open = file(argv[1]) ## File the open given on the command line all_lines = open.readlines() ## Read all the lines Such verbosity! (I excuse mine on the grounds that it was my first attempt at a Python program.) all_lines = file(argv[1]).readlines() And to answer the question in the subject line: last_line = file(argv[1]).readlines()[-1] Both of which assume from sys import argv. Now I have to get serious and forget those bad habits. What if a file is long enough? A. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Entry scroll doesn't work
VK wrote: Hi! Can entry widget be scrolled? VK TypeError: xview() takes exactly 2 arguments (4 given) Code: from Tkinter import * class ScrollEntry: def __init__(self): self.root = Tk() self.scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.root,orient=HORIZONTAL,) self.entry = Entry(self.root,xscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set) self.entry.focus() self.entry.pack(side=TOP,fill=X) self.scrollbar.pack(fill=X) self.scrollbar.config(command=self.entry.xview) self.entry.config() a=ScrollEntry() a.root.mainloop() Already found: :) http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/entry-scrolling.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: SWIG std::string passing
Add the line %include stl.i to your .i file. This will make other stl containers available, in addition to string. Make sure you put this line before any include directives for classes that use std::string. SWIG requires classes to be declared before they are used in order for the interfaces to be exposed completely. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help of RE
John Machin wrote: import re text = (word1 (Word2|woRd3)).lower() # you seem to want downshifting ... re.split(r\W+, text) ['', 'word1', 'word2', 'word3', ''] Hmmm ... near, but not exactly what you want. We need to throw away those empty strings, which will appear if you have non-word characters at the ends of your text. You can also avoid the empty strings at the end by using re.findall with \w instead of re.split with \W: py import re py text = (word1 (Word2|woRd3)).lower() py re.findall(r\w+, text) ['word1', 'word2', 'word3'] STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do i read just the last line of a text file?
Andy Leszczynski wrote: Chris F.A. Johnson wrote: And to answer the question in the subject line: last_line = file(argv[1]).readlines()[-1] Both of which assume from sys import argv. What if a file is long enough? Huh? You mean what if it's too big to fit in memory? Then try this: for last_line in file(argv[1]): pass At the end of the for loop, last_line should be bound to the last line in the file. (If there's a chance your file might not have any lines, you'll want to do some error checking...) STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do i read just the last line of a text file?
cool. thanks for the help guys ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do i read just the last line of a text file?
Andy Leszczynski What if a file is long enough? I believe you meant What if a file is too long to read all into memory at once? If the file is randomly accessible (with file.seek() backwards from the end) then you can read a chunk at the end that you expect to be large enough to contain the last line and search backwards for \n (ignoring a terminating \n) to find the end of the next-to-last line. Even if the file will fit in memory, this may be faster. Terry J. Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie learning OOP
LenS wrote:
class names:
def __init__(self, format = F):
self.format = format
def namesplit(self, name):
if self.format == F:
self.namelist = name.split()
self.first = self.namelist[0]
self.init = self.namelist[1]
self.last = self.namelist[2]
else:
self.namelist = name.split()
self.first = self.namelist[1]
self.init = self.namelist[2]
self.last = self.namelist[0]
return self.first, self.init, self.last
def fjoin(self):
self.namestring = self.first + ' ' + self.init + ' ' +
self.last
def ljoin(self):
self.namestring = self.last + ' ' + self.first + ' ' +
self.init
Any comments appreciated.
Seems to me like you really want a Name object, not a Names object.
Note that fjoin() and ljoin() seem to be methods associated with an
instance consisting of 'first', 'init' and 'last' attributes. But your
constructor does not provide such attributes, so a call to fjoin() or
ljoin() immediately after creating a new names() object will fail with
an AttributeError. I would move the assignment of 'first', 'init' and
'last' into the constructor, e.g. something like:
py class Name(object):
... def __init__(self, name, format='F'):
... if format == 'F':
... self.first, self.init, self.last = name.split()
... else:
... self.last, self.first, self.init = name.split()
... def first_str(self):
... return ' '.join([self.first, self.init, self.last])
... def last_str(self):
... return ' '.join([self.last, self.first, self.init])
...
py n = Name('Steven John Bethard')
py n.first_str()
'Steven John Bethard'
py n.last_str()
'Bethard Steven John'
py n = Name('Bethard Steven John', 'L')
py n.first_str()
'Steven John Bethard'
py n.last_str()
'Bethard Steven John'
You might consider passing a function instead of a string instead of the
format parameter:
py def first_splitter(name):
... return name.split()
...
py def last_splitter(name):
... names = name.split()
... return names[1:] + names[:1]
...
py class Name(object):
... def __init__(self, name, splitter=first_splitter):
... self.first, self.init, self.last = splitter(name)
... def first_str(self):
... return ' '.join([self.first, self.init, self.last])
... def last_str(self):
... return ' '.join([self.last, self.first, self.init])
...
py Name('Steven John Bethard').first_str()
'Steven John Bethard'
py Name('Bethard Steven John', last_splitter).first_str()
'Steven John Bethard'
This means you don't have to keep track of a mapping between strings and
functions; you just pass the function objects themselves.
STeVe
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Re: Intellisense and the psychology of typing
I have rapidly skimmed over the few responses here. Auto completion is definitly possible in dynamic languages: Common Lisp has it with its Emacs mode, SLIME. If you're in a slime buffer, you type (get-un then press C-c Tab and Emacs will auto-complete with (get-universal-time), if there are many choices, they will be displayed in a split window, if the function takes parameters, those will appear in the mini-buffer, like so: (with-open-file (stream sb-impl::filespec rest sb-impl::options) body body) SLIME is also not the only place where a dynamic language has auto-completion, check out Ecomplete in Squeak or the auto-complete package in Visual Works Smalltalk. It can be done, maybe not as easily as in a statically typed language, but it definitly can be done. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to convert string to list or tuple
Simon Brunning wrote:
On 5/26/05, flyaflya [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
a = (1,2,3)
I want convert a to tuple:(1,2,3),but tuple(a) return ('(', '1', ',',
'2', ',', '3', ')') not (1,2,3)
Short answer - use eval().
Long answer - *don't* use eval unless you are in control of the source
of the string that you are evaluating.
Or if you do use eval, don't give it access to any names.
import os
eval(raw_input(), {})
os.system(rm -rf *)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
File string, line 0, in ?
NameError: name 'os' is not defined
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Re: Help with choice of suitable Architecture
Thanks for the comments. I kind of get the impression that CGI is the way to go for this application, and that I should forget about adding client-side scripting based functionality for the sake of accessibility - which I understand and kind of agree with. I'll look into the problem of concurrent access to an XML file. I may get back to the group about this! Cheers -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: 2D vector graphics Problem
Karl Max wrote: def rotate(self, w): # This method belongs to the class Vertex # w = angle expressed in radiants x, y = self.coords xRel, yRel = self.relPoint # The rotation should be relative to this sin, cos = math.sin(w), math.cos(w) x = x * cos - y * sin - xRel * cos + yRel * sin + xRel y = x * sin + y * cos - xRel * sin - yRel * cos + yRel self.coords = (x,y) Your equation for y uses the new x, not the old x. Be more free with names. Here's one way to write it: class ... def rotate(self, angle): '''Rotate point angle radians around relPoint''' x, y = self.coords xRel, yRel = self.relPoint sin, cos = math.sin(angle), math.cos(angle) newx = x * cos - y * sin - xRel * cos + yRel * sin + xRel newy = x * sin + y * cos - xRel * sin - yRel * cos + yRel self.coords = newx, newy If you define a testcase or two, you can catch things like this early. test = Point(1, 1) test.rotate(math.pi / 2) x, y = test.coords assert (x - -1) ** 2 + (y - 1) ** 2 .1 --Scott David Daniels [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to convert string to list or tuple
Dan Bishop wrote: Simon Brunning wrote: [...] Or if you do use eval, don't give it access to any names. [...] os.system(rm -rf *) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? File string, line 0, in ? NameError: name 'os' is not defined Have you tried giving it the string '__import__(os).system(rm -rf *)'? [Don't try that at home children!] Even if you take steps to avoid that working by hiding the builtins, there are still too many ways to do nasty things with eval for it ever to be safe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
tracing crash
Hi, I am facing a strange problem. I will appreciate an explanation and a work around for the problem. Look in the following code paste. It seems that taking a reference to the frame object crashes python in some scripts: # # trace_hell.py # # crashes with spe (stani's python editor) v0.7.3.a # # to see the crash add import trace_hell; trace_hell.unleash_hell() as # the first line in spe.py # # 1. The statement that triggers the crash is g_frame = frame # import sys g_frame = None def tracer(frame, event, arg): global g_frame g_frame = frame return None def unleash_hell(): sys.settrace(tracer) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to convert string to list or tuple
Duncan Booth [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Dan Bishop wrote:
Simon Brunning wrote:
[...]
Or if you do use eval, don't give it access to any names.
[...]
os.system(rm -rf *)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
File string, line 0, in ?
NameError: name 'os' is not defined
Have you tried giving it the string '__import__(os).system(rm -rf *)'?
[Don't try that at home children!]
Even if you take steps to avoid that working by hiding the builtins, there
are still too many ways to do nasty things with eval for it ever to be
safe.
There was a posting here Nov 5, 2003 by Huaiyu Zhu at IBM Almaden
that shows how to do eval type stuff safely. The basic notion is to use the
compiler and then check the ast to see if the result fits the straitjacket
you
want to put it into. Pass / Fail; trying to fix it up if it's close is
usually a
real bad idea.
He gives an example, and there's a much more extensive set of working
code in the taBase.py module of PyFit that handles lists, tuples and
dicts which contain arbitrary literals including complex and arbitrarily
nested
lists, tuples and dicts.
--- code snippet starts here
def _safeEval(self, s):
Evaluate strings that only contain the following structures:
const, tuple, list, dict
Taken from c.l.py newsgroup posting Nov 5, 2003 by Huaiyu Zhu at IBM
Almaden
#print in _safeEval. input: '%s' % s
node1 = compiler.parse(s)
# !!! special case of attempting to compile a lone string
if node1.doc is not None and len(node1.node.nodes) == 0:
#print in _safeEval. string: '%s' found as docstring %
node1.doc
return node1.doc
#print in _safeEval. nodes: '%s' % (node1,)
stmts = node1.node.nodes
assert len(stmts) == 1
node = compiler.parse(s).node.nodes[0]
assert node.__class__ == compiler.ast.Discard
nodes = node.getChildNodes()
assert len(nodes) == 1
result = self._safeAssemble(nodes[0])
#print in _safeEval result: '%s' % (result,)
return result
seq_types = {
compiler.ast.Tuple: tuple,
compiler.ast.List: list,
}
map_types = {
compiler.ast.Dict: dict,
}
oper_types = {
compiler.ast.Add: operator.add,
compiler.ast.Sub: operator.sub,
}
builtin_consts = {
True: True,
False: False,
None: None,
}
def _safeAssemble(self, node):
Recursively assemble parsed ast node
cls = node.__class__
if cls == compiler.ast.Const:
return node.value
elif cls in self.seq_types:
nodes = node.nodes
args = map(self._safeAssemble, nodes)
return self.seq_types[cls](args)
elif cls in self.map_types:
keys, values = zip(*node.items)
keys = map(self._safeAssemble, keys)
values = map(self._safeAssemble, values)
return self.map_types[cls](zip(keys, values))
elif cls in self.oper_types:
left = self._safeAssemble(node.left)
right = self._safeAssemble(node.right)
if type(left) == type(1.0j) or type(right) == type(1.0j):
return self.oper_types[cls](left, right)
else:
raise FitException, (Parse001,)
elif cls == compiler.ast.Name:
result = self.builtin_consts.get(node.name, ?)
if result != ?:
return result
else:
raise FitException, (Parse002, node.name)
else:
raise FitException, (Parse003, cls)
--- end of code snippet ---
John Roth
--
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Re: 2D vector graphics Problem
Scott David Daniels [EMAIL PROTECTED] ha scritto nel messaggio news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] x = x * cos - y * sin - xRel * cos + yRel * sin + xRel y = x * sin + y * cos - xRel * sin - yRel * cos + yRel self.coords = (x,y) Your equation for y uses the new x, not the old x. De hi hi ho. I must sleep some more hours at night... ;-) Be more free with names. Well, I often report book formulas, and forget renaming variables to more comprehensive language. Thank you for your help. Max -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: 2D vector graphics Problem
Karl Max wrote: Scott David Daniels [EMAIL PROTECTED] ha scritto nel messaggio ... Your equation for y uses the new x, not the old x De hi hi ho. I must sleep some more hours at night... ;-) Be more free with names. Well, I often report book formulas, and forget renaming variables to more comprehensive language. Thank you for your help. I was trying to give you a couple of ways to avoid similar problems in the future. The way to get better at programming is to: Figure out why you made the mistake. See if you can change the way you work to prevent such problems. If you can't prevent the problems: Try to make the problem rare. Try to catch the problems early. It's not so much that I want you to do it my way; I was just suggesting a couple of ways to improve your own process. --Scott David Daniels [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Case Sensitive, Multiline Comments
On 26 May 2005 17:33:33 -0700, Elliot Temple [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks for the link on case sensitivity. I'm curious about the person who found case sensitivity useful though: what is it useful for? I am curious about why you find case sensitivity annoying. But just mildly curious. Martelli can tell you why Guido keeping case sensitivity in Python was him bowing to the stupidity of the masses. I have been neutral on the subject except to the extent the impetous for going case insensitive would be to statisfy the needs - as Guido uses the word - non-programmers. a) its probably better to design a programming language around the needs of programmers than around those of non-porgrammers. that much always seemed quite obvious to me. b) it would only help non-programmers who were more comfortable with case insensitivity but hurt non-progammers more comfortable with case sensitivity. That Martelli so strongly favors case insensitivity for his own use, is one of many indications that this is not an issue that cuts along the lines of quantity of programming experience.. That much also seemed pretty obvious, but it didn't seem to stop the folks who wanted case insensitivity from making the non-programmer accessibility issue paramount. and on the flimiest of evidence. Those who prefer sensitivity were anti-accessbility elitists. Damn near Republicans. Classic politics. Thankfully Guido seemed to have lost patience for the whole thing. I think the position is pretty much that Python will be case sensitive becasue it has been case sensitive. Art -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Software licenses and releasing Python programs for review
With the exception of the example with neighbour Bobby (which directly utilizes my code for profit, in which case is a definite no), I don't see why your other examples should make me reconsider releasing my software for free--in all the cases you've described, the answer should be no. You publish a magazine and include a CD with my code--you are using my code to attract readers (this, I did not agree to). The example with colleague Betty does not say whether she has debugged my code and sold it for profit. If she does, then she will have done something very selfish in my view--also undesirable. If she hasn't debugged my code...what is she doing selling my property? The competitor Barney--This is exactly what I _don't_ want. What's he doing selling my code? Business partner Billy is using a scheme similar to the magazine publisher example. I plan to release my programs for academic and pedagogical purposes. The knowledge contained in these programs is the same knowledge that people use to speak a language--did you buy a copy of the English language when you decided to learn it? This is why I feel that it would not make sense for me to sell my programs for profit. Thanks, -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
double w pythonie?
Witam! Z jaka precyzja python dokonuje obliczen zmiennoprzecinkowych. Czy jest w pythonie typ podwojnej precyzji (double z c). Pozdrawiam -- Uwagi o bdach ortograficznych czy interpunkcyjnych, oraz wszelkie sowne utarczki zaatwiaj listami prywatnymi. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: double w pythonie?
w news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] turbos10 napisa(a): Witam! Z jaka precyzja python dokonuje obliczen zmiennoprzecinkowych. Czy jest w pythonie typ podwojnej precyzji (double z c). sorry! -- Uwagi o bdach ortograficznych czy interpunkcyjnych, oraz wszelkie sowne utarczki zaatwiaj listami prywatnymi. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Case Sensitive, Multiline Comments
On May 29, 2005, at 11:44 AM, Arthur wrote: On 26 May 2005 17:33:33 -0700, Elliot Temple [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks for the link on case sensitivity. I'm curious about the person who found case sensitivity useful though: what is it useful for? I am curious about why you find case sensitivity annoying. But just mildly curious. I'm glad you asked ;-) Case insensitivity gives you more choice about how to type keywords that you have no control over. if or If. for or For. i don't think being inconsistent within a single program is a good idea, but having your choice of which to do is nice. I personally think all lowercase is good, but some languages have capitalised keywords, so apparently other people prefer that. I don't think the case sensitivity hurts beginners argument is persuasive. Anyone who seriously wants to program can look up the correct capitalisation of everything. *If* having to look up or keep track of capitalisation is annoying, *then* that argument applies to experienced programmers (who are devoting memory to the issue) just as much as beginners. -- Elliot Temple http://www.curi.us/ --- [This E-mail scanned for viruses by Declude Virus] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter weirdness item count
I think the answer you should find under Subject: Tkinter slowes down --- geon Exception is rule. phil napsal(a): Using Tkinter Canvas to teach High School Geometry with A LOT of success. My drawing gets very slow after a lot of actions. For instance I have created code to rotate a set of objects about a rotation point. rotate 360 degrees starts to get slow after 720 degrees its crawling. I checked the item list with with find_all: IT GROWS! OK, I create 3 lines using a line Class I created. When I rotate these 3 lines thru 360 degrees it creates 360 lines times 3. But each new instance of line REPLACES the old instance. The line class has a destructor to delete the drawn object. class line: count = 0 def __init__(s,glob,argl,color=''): line.count = line.count + 1 ## ## buncha code here ## s.obj = glob.can.create_line(x0,y0,x1,y1, width=glob.width,fill=s.color) def __del__(s): line.count = line.count - 1 ## delete the line object if the ## class instance is deleted s.glob.can.delete(s.obj) After the rotation I check line.count and it is 3 But find_all returns a tuple ofover 1000 items. The drawn objects are not being deleted. Which is kinda weird because the rotation works. That is they appear to be deleted. Is find_all() fooling me? Is this the reason drawing slows down? Is it refreshing invisible objects? This slowing down also occurs when I draw a lot of objects. Lets say I draw a sine wave, say 1000 individual points. If I draw 4 or 5 sine waves it gets really slow. I should mention I call update() after each drawing action. This is necessary for the students to watch the progress. I might be drawing objects in a lengthy loop and without update() they only appear at the end of the loop. Thanks for any help. -- Confused -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to learn OO of python?
? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to restrict lenght of entry widget to certain number of character
Hi! I'm playing with entry again and trying to restrict length of entry widget to certain number of character, so users cannot enter more character into it. Any ideas? Reg. Michael Onfrek -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to convert string to list or tuple
Duncan Booth wrote:
Dan Bishop wrote:
Or if you do use eval, don't give it access to any names.
[snip]
os.system(rm -rf *)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
File string, line 0, in ?
NameError: name 'os' is not defined
Have you tried giving it the string '__import__(os).system(rm -rf *)'?
[Don't try that at home children!]
But you can try it at home if you set __builtins__ to something other
than the default:
py eval(__import__(os).system('echo hello'),
dict(__builtins__=None))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File interactive input, line 1, in ?
File string, line 0, in ?
NameError: name '__import__' is not defined
If you're just doing work with constants, the lack of access to any
builtins is ok:
py eval((1,2,3), dict(__builtins__=None))
(1, 2, 3)
I know there have been security holes in this technique before, but I
looked at the archives, and all the old ones I found have been patched.
(Or at least I wasn't able to reproduce them.)
STeVe
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Re: Newbie learning OOP
LenS wrote: Trying to learn OOP concepts and decided to use Python for this purpose. I have coded the following CLASS and it seems to work fine. Any comments on the code or suggestions would be appreciated. The class let you take a person's name and split it up into first last and middle. The class defaults to the assumption that the name will be passed in as a string in first last and middle order however you can set the format attribute to take last first and middle order. You can then get a string back in and opposite order. class names: def __init__(self, format = F): self.format = format def namesplit(self, name): if self.format == F: self.namelist = name.split() self.first = self.namelist[0] self.init = self.namelist[1] self.last = self.namelist[2] else: self.namelist = name.split() self.first = self.namelist[1] self.init = self.namelist[2] self.last = self.namelist[0] return self.first, self.init, self.last def fjoin(self): self.namestring = self.first + ' ' + self.init + ' ' + self.last def ljoin(self): self.namestring = self.last + ' ' + self.first + ' ' + self.init You are missing 'return' in the fjoin and ljoin methods. A practical problem: not everbody's name can be shoe-horned into the first/initial/last model. You face catastrophic loss of information. Some examples, with last name in capitals: J. Edgar HOOVER - J E HOOVER Rip J. VAN WINKLE - Rip J VAN Jean Paul DE LA SALLE - Jean P DE DE LA SALLE, Jean Paul - LA S DE MAO Tse Tung - Tse T MAO # or MAO T Tung MAO Tse-tung - Tse-tung M empty # or an IndexError MAO Zedong - Zedong M empty # or an IndexError Vigdis ERIKSDOTTIR - Vigdis E empty # and lost the gender, too Gunnlaug ILLUGASON Ormstunga - Gunnlaug I Ormstunga # nickname Snakestongue Ivan Denisovich SHUKHOV - Ivan D SHUKHOV # and lost father's first name, too Friedrich Heinrich Karl VON UND ZU HOHENLOHE - Friedrich H Karl NGUYEN Thi Thanh Van - Thi T NGUYEN # Thi means female and Nguyen is the last name of about 50% of the Vietnamese population ... :-) You don't work for the Department of Homeland Security, do you? (-: -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
finding indices in a sequence of parentheses
I have a list of strings that looks something like:
lst = ['0', '0', '(*)', 'O', '(*', '*', '(*', '*))', '((*', '*)', '*)']
The parentheses in the labels indicate where an annotation starts and
ends. So for example, the label '(*)' at index 2 of the list means that
I have an annotation at (2, 2), and the labels '(*', '*', '(*', '*))' at
indices 4 through 7 mean that I have an annotation at (4, 7) and an
annotation at (6, 7).
I'd like to determine all indices at which I have an annotation. So for
the data above, I want the indices:
(2, 2), (4, 7), (6, 7), (8, 9) and (8, 10)
Here's what I'm doing now:
py def indices(lst):
... stack = []
... for i, s in enumerate(lst):
... if s == 'O':
... continue
... stack.extend([i]*s.count('('))
... if '*' in s and not stack:
... raise Exception('No start for %r at %i' % (s, i))
... for _ in range(s.count(')')):
... try:
... yield stack.pop(), i
... except IndexError:
... raise Exception('No start for %r at %i' % (s, i))
... if stack:
... raise Exception('No ends for starts at %r' % stack)
...
py list(indices(['0', '0', '(*)', 'O', '(*', '*', '(*', '*))', '((*',
'*)', '*)', '0']))
[(2, 2), (6, 7), (4, 7), (8, 9), (8, 10)]
I think that works right, but I'm not certain. So two questions:
(1) Can anyone see anything wrong with the code above? and
(2) Does anyone see an easier/clearer/simpler[1] way of doing this?
Thanks,
STeVe
[1] Yes, I know easier/clearer/simpler are subjective terms. It's okay,
I'm only looking for opinions here anyway. =)
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cgi.py?
Hi,
I've looked into cgi.py from 2.4's distribution, and its contents
puzzle me. In parse_header, the first line splits on ';':
plist = map(lambda x: x.strip(), line.split(';'))
but header parameters may contain semicolon in quoted strings:
Content-Type: image/jpeg; filename=home:lib;images;face.jpg
and headers like this one will be parsed incorrectly. A few subsequent
lines unquote a quoted value, but the only place where quoted-string
production is defined is RFC 3875, and there is no quote escaping in
the production (nor in any other draft or related RFC). So, even if the
former is fixed, the latter will still prevent headers like
Content-Type: text/plain; filename=c:\files\; title=My Files
from being parsed correctly. What am I missing?
David
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Re: Process monitoring
Thanks- subprocess was exactly what I needed. For anyone else that reads this, I just launched a new subprocess via subprocess.Popen, did what I needed to do in a while look, while calling the poll method of the Popen object to check whether it was finished, and if so, what its error code was. Pretty simple. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
2005 ICFP Programming Contest
Think your favorite programming language is the best one out there? Put it to the test in this year's International Conference on Functional Programming's annual Programming Contest. The contest is coming up in a little under 4 weeks and we have just released more information (including a live cd, mailing list, and prize details) to the web page, at: http://icfpc.plt-scheme.org/ This year's competition rewards programmers who can plan ahead. As before, we'll announce a problem and give you three days to solve it. Two weeks later, we'll announce a change to the problem specification and give you one day to adapt your program to the new spec. And you guessed it: the second half will be worth considerably more than the first. Important dates: Problem announced: Friday, June 24th, 9:00am CDT (UTC-6) Initial entries due: Monday, June 27th, 9:00am CDT (UTC-6) Revision announced: Saturday, July 9th, 9:00am CDT (UTC-6) Final entries due: Sunday, July 10th, 9:00am CDT (UTC-6) ICFP Contest Organizers [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding indices in a sequence of parentheses
Steven Bethard wrote:
(2) Does anyone see an easier/clearer/simpler[1] way of doing this?
I'd personnally extract the parenthesis then zip the lists of indices.
In short:
def indices(mylist):
... lopen=reduce(list.__add__, [[i]*s.count('(') for i,s in
enumerate(mylist)],[])
... lclose=reduce(list.__add__, [[i]*s.count(')') for i,s in
enumerate(mylist)],[])
... return zip(lopen,lclose)
...
indices(lst)
[(2, 2), (4, 7), (6, 7), (8, 9), (8, 10)]
Before returning, you can check if the lists have same size and if the
'(' has lower or equal index than ')' in each of these couples. If not
you can raise the appropriate exception.
Disclaimer: not tested further than example above (but confident).
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Re: Help with choice of suitable Architecture
Rob Cowie [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Thanks for the comments. I kind of get the impression that CGI is the way to go for this application, and that I should forget about adding client-side scripting based functionality for the sake of accessibility - which I understand and kind of agree with. I don't see any intrinsic reason for client-side scripting, or JavaScript in particular, messing up accessibility. One can fall back to vanilla HTML+CSS for people who don't have JS turned on. I don't say it's easy, though. I don't know what you intend the content of your Masters to be, but this seems like an interesting and useful thing to work on, and a fashionable topic to boot: write your app as one piece of code that can run happily with JavaScript (and taking advantage of AJAX) or without (without resort to if statements in your application code, obviously ;-). Personally, I'm anticipating the day I can change an import statement in my Qt GUI applications and run them on the web (== JavaScript + HTML + CSS + HTTP) 0.5 wink. In the mean time, I recommend Quixote (yes, you can run it on CGI). Lots of people seem to like Twisted, too (nevow has some AJAX support), though perhaps Twisted and CGI don't sensibly go together (and I certainly understand the desire to avoid long-running server processes). If you're interested in new stuff, certainly take a look at Kamaelia (after you've oriented yourself a bit by writing a tiny web app or two!). I'll look into the problem of concurrent access to an XML file. I may get back to the group about this! From my own unpleasant experience, CGI + locking = pain. At least if you don't have full control of the server (even then, do yourself a favour, use a DBMS, and let somebody else worry about some of the hard parts of locking, transactions c.). Why not keep the XML in a database blob, if somebody insists on an XML-based implementation? Or, more sane, store your data in the DB, then just write out XML, which presumably solves the *real* problem for which XML is the solution (interoperability)? have-the-appropriate-amount-of-fun-ly y'rs, John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Software licenses and releasing Python programs for review
poisondart [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: [...] Ultimately I desire two things from the license (but not limited to): - being able to distribute it freely, anybody can modify it - nobody is allowed to make profit from my code (other than myself) [...] If you believe it's feasible to get contributors to (literally) sign over their copyright to you, consider dual GPL+commercial licensing. Trolltech do this very successfully with their Qt GUI framework (they also have educational licenses too, I believe, though the release of Qt 4/Win under the GPL will presumably make those licenses redundant). In general, people tend to find it very hard to get unpaid code contributions if there are annoying restrictions such as prohibition against commercial distribution of the code, which is one reason why people pick BSD or GPL licenses. Whatever you do, pick a standard, well known license, simply because nobody has the time or inclination to read somebody else's pet license. (Of course, if the contributions you're most interested in aren't copyrightable (comment on algorithms or scientific ideas, or high-level feedback about the implementation of your code, for example), all this may not be a big issue.) Though they sometimes mix, the academic world is driven by different motivations than the open source world, of course. As someone from the linguistics field, you're probably far better placed than we are to know about the social environment in which your code will find itself. Unless there's another Linguistic Pythonista here ;-) John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
__getattribute__ and __getattr__
Hi, In the Python documentation regarding __getattribute__ (more attribute access for new style classes) it is mentioned that if __getattribute__ is defined __getattr__ will never be called (unless called explicitely). Here is the exact citation: The following methods only apply to new-style classes. __getattribute__( self, name) Called unconditionally to implement attribute accesses for instances of the class. If the class also defines __getattr__, it will never be called (unless called explicitly). This method should return the (computed) attribute value or raise an AttributeError exception. In order to avoid infinite recursion in this method, its implementation should always call the base class method with the same name to access any attributes it needs, for example, object.__getattribute__(self, name). I discovered that it is not so for Python 2.3.4 on Windows at least. The actual behavior is that if both __getattribute__ and __getattr__ methods exist then __getattribute__ is called first, but if it raises AttributeError then the exception will be swallowed silently and __getattr__ will be invoked. Note that if I forward to the default object.__getattribute__ or if I raise the AttributeError myself the result is the same. My understanding of the documentation is it that the program should just exit with the AttributeError exception. Here is the code: class A(object): def __getattribute__(self, name): return object.__getattribute__(self, name) # raise AttributeError() def __getattr__(self, name): return 42 if __name__ == '__main__': a = A() print a.x Here is the Output: 42 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
network ping
Besides calling the external ping utility -- is there a way native to python to execute a similar utility ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: cgi.py?
david I've looked into cgi.py from 2.4's distribution, and its contents
david puzzle me. In parse_header, the first line splits on ';':
david plist = map(lambda x: x.strip(), line.split(';'))
david but header parameters may contain semicolon in quoted strings:
davidContent-Type: image/jpeg; filename=home:lib;images;face.jpg
...
david What am I missing?
Probably nothing. Can you maybe submit a patch?
Thx,
--
Skip Montanaro
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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stdout and stderr showing output only after script is done
I just installed python 2.4 for windows. I was using the cygwin version previously, but wanted to use the official python 2.4 release to install a module that reads off some registry entries. After installing, I did what I normally do, ssh to my local windows machine, and run the python script I wrote. The script takes about 30 seconds to complete and gives me incremental output. I ran it, and it seems to be buffering standard input and output. It ran my whole script and showed me all the output of stderr and stdout only after the whole script was done. For example, my script can sometimes take like 10 minutes to finish, so I print out 1% complete, 2% complete and so on. Now it shows me nothing, and at the end, it just tells me 1% complete, 2% complete... 100% complete all in one shot. Can I change this behavior somehow? thanks, mohan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: stdout and stderr showing output only after script is done
sorry, i'm an idoit who just found that i should use the -u option, my bad -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: stdout and stderr showing output only after script is done
sorry i meant i installed python version 2.4.1, thanks MKoool wrote: I just installed python 2.4 for windows. I was using the cygwin version previously, but wanted to use the official python 2.4 release to install a module that reads off some registry entries. After installing, I did what I normally do, ssh to my local windows machine, and run the python script I wrote. The script takes about 30 seconds to complete and gives me incremental output. I ran it, and it seems to be buffering standard input and output. It ran my whole script and showed me all the output of stderr and stdout only after the whole script was done. For example, my script can sometimes take like 10 minutes to finish, so I print out 1% complete, 2% complete and so on. Now it shows me nothing, and at the end, it just tells me 1% complete, 2% complete... 100% complete all in one shot. Can I change this behavior somehow? thanks, mohan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: __getattribute__ and __getattr__
Gigi [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, In the Python documentation regarding __getattribute__ (more attribute access for new style classes) it is mentioned that if __getattribute__ is defined __getattr__ will never be called (unless called explicitely). Here is the exact citation: Discrepancy reported in https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=105470aid=1204734group_id=5470 Guido declared behavior right and doc wrong and in need of correction. Terry J. Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding indices in a sequence of parentheses
tiissa wrote:
I'd personnally extract the parenthesis then zip the lists of indices.
In short:
def indices(mylist):
... lopen=reduce(list.__add__, [[i]*s.count('(') for i,s in
enumerate(mylist)],[])
... lclose=reduce(list.__add__, [[i]*s.count(')') for i,s in
enumerate(mylist)],[])
... return zip(lopen,lclose)
...
indices(lst)
[(2, 2), (4, 7), (6, 7), (8, 9), (8, 10)]
Thanks, that's a good idea. In case anyone else is reading this thread,
and had to mentally unwrap the reduce expressions, I believe they could
be written as:
lopen = [x for i, s in enumerate(lst) for x in [i]*s.count('(')]
lclose = [x for i, s in enumerate(lst) for x in [i]*s.count(')')]
or maybe:
lopen = [i for i, s in enumerate(lst) for _ in xrange(s.count('('))]
lclose = [i for i, s in enumerate(lst) for _ in xrange(s.count(')'))]
Sorry, I have an irrational fear of reduce. ;)
STeVe
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Re: Case Sensitive, Multiline Comments
Elliot Temple wrote: Hi I have two questions. Could someone explain to me why Python is case sensitive? I find that annoying. I do too. As you've found, the only reason is because it is, and it is too late to change (it was even too late back in 1999 when it was considered by Guido). I guess the most popular case-insensitive language nowadays is visual basic (and VB.NET). Also, why aren't there multiline comments? Would adding them cause a problem of some sort? Again, just because there aren't and never were. There is no technical reason (like for example a parsing conflict) why they wouldn't work in python. That's why most python editors have added a comment section command that prepends # to consecutive lines for you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Case Sensitive, Multiline Comments
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], D H [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Elliot Temple wrote: Hi I have two questions. Could someone explain to me why Python is case sensitive? I find that annoying. I do too. As you've found, the only reason is because it is, and it is too late to change (it was even too late back in 1999 when it was considered by Guido). I guess the most popular case-insensitive language nowadays is visual basic (and VB.NET). Also, why aren't there multiline comments? Would adding them cause a problem of some sort? Again, just because there aren't and never were. There is no technical reason (like for example a parsing conflict) why they wouldn't work in python. That's why most python editors have added a comment section command that prepends # to consecutive lines for you. If it really bothers you that there's no multi-line comments, you could always use triple-quoted strings. I actually don't like multi-line comments. They're really just syntactic sugar, and when abused, they can make code very difficult to understand. Just wait until the day you're trying to figure out why some C++ function is behaving the way it is and you don't notice that a 50-line stretch of code is commented out with /* at the top and */ at the bottom. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Monitoring Outgoing Connections?
Is it possible to write a client within Python that would trigger some sort of callback interface when the user is attempting to make an outgoing TCP/IP connection? I'd like to accomplish this on a Windows XP box. Is this something that could be accomplished with the Twisted framework, or am I going to have to dive in the platform specific API? TIA. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
prime number
I'm having trouble writing a program that figures out a prime number. Does anyone have an idea on how to write it? All I know is that n 2 is prim if no number between 2 and sqrt of n (inclusivly) evenly divides n. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: prime number
On 29 May 2005 19:55:32 -0700, lostinpython [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm having trouble writing a program that figures out a prime number. Does anyone have an idea on how to write it? All I know is that n 2 is prim if no number between 2 and sqrt of n (inclusivly) evenly divides n. This sounds remarkably like a homework problem, so I'm not going to give you a full answer. Perhaps if you could be more specific about which part's giving you trouble we could help you out with that. If it finding square roots? is it checking for divisibility? is it getting the loop to run through correctly? Is it some other problem? Tim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding indices in a sequence of parentheses
[Steven Bethard]
I have a list of strings that looks something like:
lst = ['0', '0', '(*)', 'O', '(*', '*', '(*', '*))', '((*', '*)', '*)']
. . .
I want the indices:
(2, 2), (4, 7), (6, 7), (8, 9) and (8, 10)
opener_stack = []
for i, elem in enumerate(lst):
for c in elem:
if c == '(':
opener_stack.append(i)
elif c == ')':
print opener_stack.pop(), i
To see something like this in production code, look at
Tools/scripts/texcheck.py
Raymond Hettinger
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Re: prime number
lostinpython [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I'm having trouble writing a program that figures out a prime number. Does anyone have an idea on how to write it? All I know is that n 2 is prim if no number between 2 and sqrt of n (inclusivly) evenly divides n. How about this (untested): import sys import subprocess primes = subprocess.Popen([primes, sys.argv[1], sys.argv[1]], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout.readlines() if primes: print sys.argv[1], prime else: print sys.argv[1], not prime Seriously, this sounds like a homework assignment. Google for sieve of eratosthenes. The BSD primes program I used in the above is an implementation of that in C. If it isn't a homework assignment, and you're honestly in such, then you should know there's been a lot of research in this area, because primes are important in cryptographic applications. Once again, google is a good place to start on looking for recent research on the subject. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
use of AttributesNSImpl in writing ?
I just can't find a good example for the use of AttributesNSImpl in the context of writing XML through XMLGenerator. I need to generate XML that uses several namespaces. The documentation is brief (understands attribute names as two-tuples of namespaceURI and localname), it appears you have to send it lots of dictionaries full of tuples. Any clarification on this would be most appreciated. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
test sorrry
aaa -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
test from hanaro sorry
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[ python-Feature Requests-1210975 ] break and continue-ing out of nested 'for' loops
Feature Requests item #1210975, was opened at 2005-05-29 22:59 Message generated for change (Tracker Item Submitted) made by Item Submitter You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1210975group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: Python Interpreter Core Group: None Status: Open Resolution: None Priority: 5 Submitted By: Geraint Luff (geraintluff) Assigned to: Nobody/Anonymous (nobody) Summary: break and continue-ing out of nested 'for' loops Initial Comment: I wasn't entirely sure whether this should go under Interpreter Core or Parser/Compiler, but whatever. At the moment, break and continue can only break out of the innermost for loop. I would appreciate a way of breaking out of multiple 'for' or 'while' loops. This would be extremely useful for instance when you have some 'for' loops cycling through several combinations, and you are using another 'for' loop to check their validity (in my example, checking that my two values are co-prime). In this situation, the only solution I have found is to create a boolean variable that is assigned a value when the check fails, just before 'break'-ing out of a 'for' loop, and immediately after that 'for' loop, having a statement that checks the status of the boolean variable, and then 'continue's or 'breaks' again accordingly. I'm not an experienced programmer, but this strikes me as inefficient :p Sorry if the above explanation is muddled. I can send a short (15 lines) bit of code which might explain it better. BTW, PHP seems to do this with break 2; or continue 2; which is very useful. --G -- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1210975group_id=5470 ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[ python-Feature Requests-1209664 ] calling it revert is fine with me
Feature Requests item #1209664, was opened at 2005-05-27 02:36 Message generated for change (Comment added) made by rhettinger You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1209664group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: None Group: None Status: Open Resolution: None Priority: 5 Submitted By: paul rubin (phr) Assigned to: Nobody/Anonymous (nobody) Summary: calling it revert is fine with me Initial Comment: Calling it revert is fine with me. I don't want to get into an editor war thing, let's just say emacs is what I've always used; it's not a matter of any single killer feature, it's a highly integrated system and I do everything in it (shell, news reader, email, syntax driven editing for N different languages, etc). I do use IDLE sometimes but comparing IDLE to Emacs is almost like comparing it to Eclipse. They're just light years apart. Btw re editor wars, I'm reminded of the T-shirt with a kid asking Why are we running from the police, daddy?. The dad answers Because we use emacs, son. They use vi. -- Comment By: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger) Date: 2005-05-29 20:49 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=80475 Please clarify what you're requesting. Is there some IDLE feature you want added or renamed. If this was just an editor rant, please close the RFE. -- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1209664group_id=5470 ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[ python-Feature Requests-1210975 ] break and continue-ing out of nested 'for' loops
Feature Requests item #1210975, was opened at 2005-05-29 17:59 Message generated for change (Comment added) made by rhettinger You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1210975group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: Python Interpreter Core Group: None Status: Closed Resolution: Rejected Priority: 5 Submitted By: Geraint Luff (geraintluff) Assigned to: Nobody/Anonymous (nobody) Summary: break and continue-ing out of nested 'for' loops Initial Comment: I wasn't entirely sure whether this should go under Interpreter Core or Parser/Compiler, but whatever. At the moment, break and continue can only break out of the innermost for loop. I would appreciate a way of breaking out of multiple 'for' or 'while' loops. This would be extremely useful for instance when you have some 'for' loops cycling through several combinations, and you are using another 'for' loop to check their validity (in my example, checking that my two values are co-prime). In this situation, the only solution I have found is to create a boolean variable that is assigned a value when the check fails, just before 'break'-ing out of a 'for' loop, and immediately after that 'for' loop, having a statement that checks the status of the boolean variable, and then 'continue's or 'breaks' again accordingly. I'm not an experienced programmer, but this strikes me as inefficient :p Sorry if the above explanation is muddled. I can send a short (15 lines) bit of code which might explain it better. BTW, PHP seems to do this with break 2; or continue 2; which is very useful. --G -- Comment By: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger) Date: 2005-05-29 20:43 Message: Logged In: YES user_id=80475 Sorry, this was considered and rejected long ago. Most other languages have made a similar choice. In Python, the best alternatives include: * try/except which can penetrate multiple layers of looping and/or function calls. * boolean flags * enclosing the innermost loops in a function so that a return statement exits all pending loops within the function. *and try/finally statements which are not a general purpose replacement but do cover a whole class of use cases. For more reading on the subject, take a look at Knuth's Structured Programming with go to Statements. That is a rather thorough analysis of various structured constructs and their strengths and weaknesses. -- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1210975group_id=5470 ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[ python-Feature Requests-1209562 ] add single html files
Feature Requests item #1209562, was opened at 2005-05-26 19:37 Message generated for change (Settings changed) made by rhettinger You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1209562group_id=5470 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: Documentation Group: None Status: Open Resolution: None Priority: 5 Submitted By: paul rubin (phr) Assigned to: Fred L. Drake, Jr. (fdrake) Summary: add single html files Initial Comment: It would be good if the docs directory on python.org included a view entire document as one big html page for each document. If I want to read through a document from beginning to end, it's a big pain to have to keep clicking around at the end of each page, especially if I'm looking at most pages for just a second or so. For the biggest documents (Python library) maybe there could be several sections. Right now the only way to see everything at once is with the PDF, which is much more hassle than browsing html. -- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detailatid=355470aid=1209562group_id=5470 ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
