[ANN] ASTNG 0.13
I'm pleased to announce the release of the Logilab's ASTNG package. This package has been extracted from the logilab-common package, which will be kept for some time for backward compatibility but will no longer be maintained (this explains that this package is starting with the 0.13 version number, since the fork occurs with the version released in logilab-common 0.12). See below for a description of what's inside... What's new ? * .locals and .globals on scoped node handle now a list of references to each assigment statements instead of a single reference to the first assigment statement. * fix bug with manager.astng_from_module_name when a context file is given (notably fix ZODB 3.4 crash with pylint/pyreverse) * fix Compare.as_string method * fix bug with lambda object missing the type attribute * some minor refactoring What is astng ? --- The aim of this module is to provide a common base representation of python source code for projects such as pychecker, pyreverse, pylint... Well, actually the development of this library is essentialy governed by pylint's needs. It extends class defined in the compiler.ast module with some additional methods and attributes. Instance attributes are added by a builder object, which can either generate extended ast (let's call them astng ;) by visiting an existant ast tree or by inspecting living object. Methods are added by monkey patching ast classes. Home page - http://www.logilab.org/projects/astng Download ftp://ftp.logilab.org/pub/astng Mailing list mailto://[EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Sylvain Thénault LOGILAB, Paris (France). http://www.logilab.com http://www.logilab.fr http://www.logilab.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
ANN: Speedometer 2.0 - bandwidth and download monitor
Announcing Speedometer 2.0 -- Speedometer home page: http://excess.org/speedometer/ Download: http://excess.org/speedometer/speedometer.py New in this release: - New full-console bar graph display based on Urwid 0.8.9 - Realigned graphic scale to more common units About Speedometer = Speedometer is a console bandwidth and file download progress monitor with a logarithmic bandwidth display and a simple command-line interface. Speedometer requires Python 2.1 or later and Urwid 0.8.9 or later for full-console bar graph display. Speedometer is released under the GNU LGPL. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
[ANN] PyLint 0.8
Hi there ! I'm very pleased to announce the new 0.8 release of PyLint. I've promised this release for a long time now, and finally got the time to do it :D. This release includes a lot of bug fixes and enhancements. Notice that a major change in this release is a new dependancy to the astng package which has been extracted from logilab-common. This package is downloadable from http://www.logilab.org/projects/astng. What's new ? * check names imported from a module exists in the module (E0611), patch contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc * print a warning (W0212) for methods that could be a function (implements #9100) * new --defining-attr-methods option on classes checker * new --acquired-members option on the classes checker, used when --zope=yes to avoid false positive on acquired attributes (listed using this new option) (close #8616) * generate one E0602 for each use of an undefined variable (previously, only one for the first use but not for the following) (implements #1000) * make profile option saveable * fix Windows .bat file, patch contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc * fix one more false positive for E0601 (access before definition) with for loop such as for i in range(10): print i (test func_noerror_defined_and_used_on_same_line) * fix false positive for E0201 (undefined member) when accessing to __name__ on a class object * fix astng checkers traversal order * fix bug in format checker when parsing a file from a platform using different new line characters (close #9239) * fix encoding detection regexp * fix --rcfile handling (support for --rcfile=file, close #9590) What is pylint ? Pylint is a python tool that checks if a module satisfy a coding standard. Pylint can be seen as another pychecker since nearly all tests you can do with pychecker can also be done with Pylint. But Pylint offers some more features, like checking line-code's length, checking if variable names are well-formed according to your coding standard, or checking if declared interfaces are truly implemented, and much more (see http://www.logilab.org/projects/pylint/ for the complete check list). The big advantage with Pylint is that it is highly configurable, customizable, and you can easily write a small plugin to add a personal feature. The usage it quite simple : $ pylint mypackage.mymodule This command will output all the errors and warnings related to the tested code (here : mypackage.mymodule), will dump a little summary at the end, and will give a mark to the tested code. Pylint is free software distributed under the GNU Public Licence. Home page - http://www.logilab.org/projects/pylint Download ftp://ftp.logilab.org/pub/pylint Mailing list mailto://[EMAIL PROTECTED] Enjoy ! -- Sylvain Thénault LOGILAB, Paris (France). http://www.logilab.com http://www.logilab.fr http://www.logilab.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 21:47:27 -0700, David Schwartz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote or quoted : There is no way Microsoft could have expected the market to be defined in this way and no way to argue that Microsoft had any reason to believe their conduct was illegal. If what they did to me in the 90s was not illegal it damn well should have been. -- Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green. http://mindprod.com Again taking new Java programming contracts. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: get a copy of a string leaving original intact
Bell, Kevin wrote: I ended up slicing my string into a new one, rather than trying to have a copy of the string to alter in one case, or leave intact in another case. given that you cannot modify strings in place in Python, that comment probably doesn't match what your code really did... (s = f doesn't copy the string, it just binds a new name to the existing string object. s = s.replace doesn't modify that object; it creates a new one, and binds the same name to that one in- stead) /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: override a property
Alex Martelli wrote:
..
If (e.g.) __set__ needs to behave differently when applied to certain
instances rather than others, then it had better be messed with
(overridden) compared to property.__set__ since the latter has no such
proviso. Of course, your architecture as sketched below (taking
advantage of the fact that property.__set__ always calls a certain
callable, and you get to control that callable) is OK too.
. I think I at last got this
..
Why not just fset=self.__notify_fset ? I fail to see the added value of
this lambda. Anyway...:
duh just being Homerish
def __notify_fset(self,inst,value):
value = self._validator(value)
...
def add(self,obs):
self._observers.append(obs)
...this class only offers sets of observers *per-descriptor instance*,
not ones connected to a specific 'inst' being observed. My point is,
you could add the latter pretty easily.
..
You can, if you have a way to call, say, b.x.add_per_inst(b, obs1).
Such as, adding within ObserverProperty:
self._observers_per_inst = {}
in the init, and changing the notification method to do:
def __notify_fset(self,inst,value):
value = self._validator(value)
observers = self._observers_per_inst.get(inst)
if not observers: observers = self._observers
for obs in observers:
obs(inst,self._pName,value)
inst.__dict__[self._pName] = value
and a new method add_per_inst:
def add_per_inst(self, inst, obs):
self._observers_per_inst.setdefault(inst,[]).append(obs)
Of course, you most likely want to use weak rather than normal
references here (probably to both instances and observers), but that's a
separate issue.
..
yes I begin at last to see the full complexity of this. There are really
three possible attachments, the descriptor, instance class and the
instance. Since the descriptor is attached to the class or a base class
one could argue about whether observers should be inherited etc etc, but
perhaps that's a step too far.
Thanks to Alex and Bengt and others for clarifying a bunch of issues.
--
Robin Becker
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Psycopg2 date problems: Can't adapt
Gerhard Häring wrote: -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Steve Holden wrote: I'm trying to copy data from an Access database to PostgreSQL, as the latter now appears to work well in the Windows environment. However I'm having trouble with date columns. [...] Here's the problem in a nutshell: d DateTime object for '2003-10-02 00:00:00.00' at af9be0 ocurs.execute(DELETE FROM Lines) This repr looks like a mxDateTime object. psycopg does include adapters for mxDateTime, but in order for them to be built, the mxDateTime sources and headers must be made available at psycopg build time (because it interfaces mxDateTime at the C extension level, unlike most if not all other Python DB-API adapters). A quick look at its setup.py reveals a have_mxdatetime variable and a check that decides wether to build with mxDateTime support or not. So, if it does not find mxDateTime, it builds without support for it. Which is apparently what you're experiencing. Indeed it does. I am using a pre-compiled installer. Many thanks for your help. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC www.holdenweb.com PyCon TX 2006 www.python.org/pycon/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 21:47:27 -0700, David Schwartz wrote: Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] That's basic economics. Something which can be allowed or ignored or even encouraged when done by small businesses in a competitive market can easily become harmful and bad for the economy when done by a monopolist or duopolist in an uncompetitive market. Microsoft goal is and should be their own success, not the success of the economy or the market in general. Neither I, nor you, nor the government of any nation, should care a monkey's toss specifically for Microsoft's success. Microsoft is one special interest, out of a potentially unbounded number of possible players in the economy of a country and the world. Unless you or I are specifically shareholders in Microsoft, we should not care about their specific success; and the government should be entirely agnostic about who are the winners and losers in an economy. The government's role should be to ensure a level playing field, and minimum levels of health, safety and environmental standards. There is no place for government giving special-interests like Microsoft favours. Society regulates where and how we park our cars: for instance, none of us are allowed to park our car in the middle of busy road. and if we try, our car is likely to be impounded. This is not because there is anything in and of itself *wrong* with parking at such-and-such a place, but because of the effect it has on others. A sensible government cares for smooth flowing traffic on the roads, with the minimum of delays and the maximum flow practical. Perhaps Walmart or Safeway might find it convenient to park their trucks on public roads for any number of reasons. Too bad for them: the benefit to them does not outweigh the loss to everyone else, even if they don't specifically block access to their competitors. Microsoft's behaviour over-all has been just as anti-social, anti-competitive and harmful to the over-all running of the economy as a hypothetical Walmart or Safeway that regularly parked their trucks in the middle of the main road for a few hours while they unloaded. Maybe, just maybe, if Mom Pop's Corner Store tried it once or twice, we could afford to turn a blind eye, especially if the disruption caused by towing their delivery van was greater than the disruption caused by their double-parking. Thousands of people break the law by double-parking for a few minutes, and society doesn't collapse. But something that we can afford to ignore when done by MP's Corner Store becomes a serious problem if done by somebody with the economic power of Walmart, with their thousands of deliveries by 18-wheelers every day across the country. Microsoft's status of a monopolist is only meaningful if you define the market as desktop operating systems for 32-bit x86 computers. That is *precisely* the market we're talking about. Not any item that runs off electricity, not orange juice, not pork bellies, not all computing devices, but desktop PCs. What did you think the Justice Department's investigation was about? Motor vehicles? There is no way Microsoft could have expected the market to be defined in this way and no way to argue that Microsoft had any reason to believe their conduct was illegal. Microsoft have lawyers. Microsoft destroyed emails and at least one senior manager perjured himself in court. Microsoft created a fake video demonstration which they then gave as evidence. Do you really believe that Microsoft's executives are so incompetent that they don't get legal advice before writing up contracts? Or that nobody in authority at Microsoft realised that destroying evidence and lying to a judge are crimes? In any case, even if you are right that Microsoft had no ideas... so what? Ignorance of the law never has been an excuse for criminal behaviour. It has always been every individual's responsibility to make sure that they do not act illegally, and that goes for companies as well. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[ANN] ASTNG 0.13
I'm please to announce the release of the Logilab's ASTNG package. This package has been extracted from the logilab-common package, which will be kept for some time for backward compatibility but will no longer be maintained (this explains that this package is starting with the 0.13 version number, since the fork occurs with the version released in logilab-common 0.12). See below for a description of what's inside... What's new ? * .locals and .globals on scoped node handle now a list of references to each assigment statements instead of a single reference to the first assigment statement. * fix bug with manager.astng_from_module_name when a context file is given (notably fix ZODB 3.4 crash with pylint/pyreverse) * fix Compare.as_string method * fix bug with lambda object missing the type attribute * some minor refactoring What is astng ? --- The aim of this module is to provide a common base representation of python source code for projects such as pychecker, pyreverse, pylint... Well, actually the development of this library is essentialy governed by pylint's needs. It extends class defined in the compiler.ast module with some additional methods and attributes. Instance attributes are added by a builder object, which can either generate extended ast (let's call them astng ;) by visiting an existant ast tree or by inspecting living object. Methods are added by monkey patching ast classes. Home page - http://www.logilab.org/projects/astng Download ftp://ftp.logilab.org/pub/astng Mailing list mailto://[EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Sylvain Thénault LOGILAB, Paris (France). http://www.logilab.com http://www.logilab.fr http://www.logilab.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[ANN] PyLint 0.8
Hi there ! I'm very please to announce the new 0.8 release of PyLint. I've promised this release for a long time now, and finally got the time to do it :D. This release includes a lot of bug fixes and enhancements. Notice that a major change in this release is a new dependancy to the astng package which has been extracted from logilab-common. This package is downloadable from http://www.logilab.org/projects/astng. What's new ? * check names imported from a module exists in the module (E0611), patch contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc * print a warning (W0212) for methods that could be a function (implements #9100) * new --defining-attr-methods option on classes checker * new --acquired-members option on the classes checker, used when --zope=yes to avoid false positive on acquired attributes (listed using this new option) (close #8616) * generate one E0602 for each use of an undefined variable (previously, only one for the first use but not for the following) (implements #1000) * make profile option saveable * fix Windows .bat file, patch contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc * fix one more false positive for E0601 (access before definition) with for loop such as for i in range(10): print i (test func_noerror_defined_and_used_on_same_line) * fix false positive for E0201 (undefined member) when accessing to __name__ on a class object * fix astng checkers traversal order * fix bug in format checker when parsing a file from a platform using different new line characters (close #9239) * fix encoding detection regexp * fix --rcfile handling (support for --rcfile=file, close #9590) What is pylint ? Pylint is a python tool that checks if a module satisfy a coding standard. Pylint can be seen as another pychecker since nearly all tests you can do with pychecker can also be done with Pylint. But Pylint offers some more features, like checking line-code's length, checking if variable names are well-formed according to your coding standard, or checking if declared interfaces are truly implemented, and much more (see http://www.logilab.org/projects/pylint/ for the complete check list). The big advantage with Pylint is that it is highly configurable, customizable, and you can easily write a small plugin to add a personal feature. The usage it quite simple : $ pylint mypackage.mymodule This command will output all the errors and warnings related to the tested code (here : mypackage.mymodule), will dump a little summary at the end, and will give a mark to the tested code. Pylint is free software distributed under the GNU Public Licence. Home page - http://www.logilab.org/projects/pylint Download ftp://ftp.logilab.org/pub/pylint Mailing list mailto://[EMAIL PROTECTED] Enjoy ! -- Sylvain Thénault LOGILAB, Paris (France). http://www.logilab.com http://www.logilab.fr http://www.logilab.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: C replacement for Queue module
Jonathan Ellis wrote: I'm working on an application that makes heavy use of Queue objects in a multithreaded environment. By heavy I mean millions of calls to put and get, constituting ~20% of the app's run time. The profiler thinks that a significant amount of time is spent in this code -- not just a consumer waiting for a producer, but actual _empty, notify calls, etc. I wonder if the use case would support hand-crafting an alternative. Queues appear fairly heavy weight (when you look at the implementation), and while they are very robust, if your own needs allow putting many items in at the same time, or getting many items out, for example, then perhaps you could come up with a much faster alternative based on the primitives (e.g. Event, Condition, etc) and perhaps some wrapped data structure other than the list that Queues use. -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A question about searching with multiple strings
On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 13:39:17 -0700, googleboy wrote: Hi there. I have defined a class called Item with several (about 30 I think) different attributes (is that the right word in this context?). An abbreviated example of the code for this is: class Item(object): def __init__(self, height, length, function): params = locals() del params['self'] self.__dict__.update(params) I get very worried when I see code like that. It makes me stop and think about what it does, and why you would want to do it. I worry about hidden side effects. Instead of just groking the code instantly, I've got to stop and think. You're taking a copy of the locals, deleting self from it, and them updating self's dictionary with them... why? What do you hope to achieve? If I were project manager, and one of my coders wrote something like this, I would expect him or her to have a really good reason for it. I'd be thinking not only of hidden bugs (what if there is something in locals you don't expect?), but every time a developer has to work on this class, they have to stop and think about it. Joel (of Joel On Software fame) talks about code looking wrong and smelling dirty. This code might work. It might be perfectly safe. But there's a whiff to this code. http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Wrong.html def __repr__(self): all_items = self.__dict__.items() return '%s,%s,%s' % (self.height, self.length, self.function) You aren't using all_items. Why waste a lookup fetching it? I have a csv file that I use to store and retrieve all the info about each Item, one item per line. Would you like to give us a couple of examples of items from the CSV file? I have written a little peice of python that lets me search through all Items (after reading them into a variable called all_items) and will return matching results: for item in all_items: strItem = str(item) m = re.search(p[i], strItem, flags = re.I) if m: height = getattr(item, height) length = getattr(item, length) function = getattr(item, function) print height is %s, length is %s and function is %s % height, length, function And here we why global variables are Bad: without knowing what p is, how are we supposed to understand this code? This has the limitation of only working over a single search item. So you are searching items for items... I think you need to use a better name for your class. What does class Item actually represent? I want to be able to search over an uncontrollable number of search strings because I will have people wanting to search over 2, 3 or even (maybe) as many as 5 different things. I was thinking that I would try to write a function that created a sublist of Items if it matched and then run subsequent searches over the subsequent search strings using this sublist. That might work. I am not entirely sure how to store this subset of Items in such a way that I can make searches over it. How about in a list? I guess I have to initialize a variable of type Item, which I can use to add matching Item's to, but I have no idea how to do that(If it was just a list I could say sublist = [], what do I use for self defined classes? See my next post (to follow). I Am also usure how to go about creating a function that will accept any number of parameters. def func1(*args): for arg in args: print arg def func2(mandatory, *args): print Mandatory, mandatory for arg in args: print arg Does that help? -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A question about searching with multiple strings
On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 13:39:17 -0700, googleboy wrote:
Hi there.
I have defined a class called Item with several (about 30 I think)
different attributes (is that the right word in this context?).
Generally speaking, attributes shouldn't be used for storing arbitrary
items in an object. That's what mapping objects like dicts are for. I
would change your class so that it no longer mucked about with it's
internal __dict__:
class Item():
def __init__(self, height, length, function, **kwargs):
# assumes that ALL items will have height, length, function
# plus an arbitrary number (may be zero) of keyword args
self.height = height
self.length = length
self.function = function
self.data = kwargs # store custom data in an instance attribute,
# NOT in the object __dict__
You would use it something like this:
def create_items():
all_items = []
# WARNING WARNING WARNING
# pseudo-code -- this doesn't work because I don't
# know what your input file looks like
open input file
for record in input file:
h = read height
l = read length
f = read function
D = {}
for any more items in record:
D[item key] = item value
newitem = Item(h, l, f, D)
all_items.append(newitem)
close input file
return all_items
Now you have processed your input file and have a list of Items. So let's
search for some!
Firstly, create a function that searches a single Item:
def SearchOneOr(source, height=None, length=None, \
function=None, **kwargs):
Performs a short-circuit OR search for one or more search term.
if height is not None:
if source.height == height: return True
if length is not None:
if source.length == length: return True
if function is not None:
if source.function == function: return True
for key, value in kwargs:
if source.data.has_key(key) and source.data[key] == value:
return True
return False
def SearchOneAnd(source, height=None, length=None, \
function=None, **kwargs):
Performs a short-circuit AND search for one or more search term.
if height is not None:
if source.height != height: return False
if length is not None:
if source.length != length: return False
if function is not None:
if source.function != function: return False
for key, value in kwargs:
if source.data.has_key(key) and source.data[key] != value:
return False
else:
return False
return True
Now create a function that searches all items:
def SearchAll(source_list, flag, height=None, length=None, \
function=None, **kwargs):
found = []
if flag:
search = SearchOneOr
else:
search = SearchOneAnd
for source in source_list:
if search(source, height, length, function, kwargs):
found.append(source)
return found
Now pass all_items to SearchAll as the first argument, and it will search
through them all and return a list of all the items which match your
search terms.
Hope this helps.
--
Steven.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
On Thu, 20 Oct 2005 10:25:27 -0700, Micah Elliott wrote: I thought that string concatenation was rather expensive, so its being faster than %-formatting surprised me a bit: Think about what string concatenation actually does: s = hello + world In pseudo-code, it does something like this: - Count chars in hello (six chars). - Count chars in world (five chars). - Allocate eleven bytes. - Copy six chars from hello and five from world into the newly allocated bit of memory. (This should not be thought of as the exact process that Python uses, but simply illustrating the general procedure.) Now think of what str-formatting would do: s = hello %s % world In pseudo-code, it might do something like this: - Allocate a chunk of bytes, hopefully not too big or too small. - Repeat until done: - Copy chars from the original string into the new string, until it hits a %s placeholder. - Grab the next string from the args, and copy chars from that into the new string. If the new string is too small, reallocate memory to make it bigger, potentially moving chunks of bytes around. The string formatting pseudo-code is a lot more complicated and has to do more work than just blindly copying bytes. It has to analyse the bytes it is copying, looking for placeholders. So string concatenation is more efficient, right? No. The thing is, a *single* string concatenation is almost certainly more efficient than a single string concatenation. But now look what happens when you repeat it: s = h + e + l + l + o + + w + o + r + l + d This ends up doing something like this: - Allocate two bytes, copying h and e into them. - Allocate three bytes, copying he and l into them. - Allocate four bytes, copying hel and l into them. ... - Allocate eleven bytes, copying hello worl and d into them. The problem is that string concatenation doesn't scale efficiently. String formatting, on the other hand, does more work to get started, but scales better. See, for example, this test code: py def tester(n): ... s1 = ... s2 = %s * n ... bytes = tuple([chr(i % 256) for i in range(n)]) ... t1 = time.time() ... for i in range(n): ... s1 = s1 + chr(i % 256) ... t1 = time.time() - t1 ... t2 = time.time() ... s2 = s2 % bytes ... t2 = time.time() - t2 ... assert s1 == s2 ... print t1, t2 ... py x = 10 py tester(x) 3.24212408066 0.01252317428 py tester(x) 2.58376598358 0.01238489151 py tester(x) 2.76262307167 0.01474809646 The string formatting is two orders of magnitude faster than the concatenation. The speed difference becomes even more obvious when you increase the number of strings being concatenated: py tester(x*10) 2888.56399703 0.13130998611 Almost fifty minutes, versus less than a quarter of a second. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 21:05:43 +1000, Steven D'Aprano wrote: The thing is, a *single* string concatenation is almost certainly more efficient than a single string concatenation. Dagnabit, I meant a single string concatenation is more efficient than a single string replacement using %. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Listening for a certain keypress in the background
I have created a Python program that is running on my desktop. How can I make it listen for a certain keypress (say, Windows-key + space) in a controlled fashion even when it is not the program having focus? I need to do this running GNOME under Mandrake GN/Linux 10. /Mathias -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Listening for keypress in the background
I have created a small Python program that is running on my desktop. How can I make it listen for a certain keypress (say, Windows-key + space) in a controlled fashion even when it is not the program having focus? I need to do this running under GNOME in Mandrake GN/Linux 10. /Mathias -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Listening for keypress in the background
Mathias Dahl wrote: I have created a small Python program that is running on my desktop. How can I make it listen for a certain keypress (say, Windows-key + space) in a controlled fashion even when it is not the program having focus? I need to do this running under GNOME in Mandrake GN/Linux 10. Search Google for python keylogger. -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
C extension modules in Python
Hello, I'vre written an extension module to accelarate some code i've made in python with numarray. Then i compiled an linke d it with swig, my problem is that when i make the import in my python code it gives me an error: ImportError: libnumarray.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory does anyone know why this hapens and how can i solve it? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: access dictionary with preferred order ?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I am wondering if there is a dictionary data type that allows me to
define the order of access when iterating it using items/keys etc. ?
An example:
a=dict(a=dict(), c=dict(), h=dict())
prefer=['e','h', 'a']
for x in a.values: print x
would give me
{h:dict()}, {a:dict()}, then the rest which I don't care about the
order ?
a straight-forward implementation should be pretty efficient:
for k in prefer:
try:
v = d.pop(k)
except KeyError:
pass
else:
... deal with k, v ...
for k, v in d.iteritems():
... deal with k, v ...
or, non-destructive:
for k in prefer:
try:
v = d[k]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
... deal with k, v ...
for k, v in d.iteritems():
if k not in prefer:
... deal with k, v ...
the latter is trivial to convert into a helper generator:
def ordered_items(d, prefer):
for k in prefer:
try:
v = d[k]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
yield k, v
for k, v in d.iteritems():
if k not in prefer:
yield k, v
for k, v in ordered_items(d, prefer):
... deal with k, v ...
if you insist on having this behaviour in a type rather than a helper,
subclass dict and add ordered_items as a method.
/F
--
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Re: C replacement for Queue module
As far as Queues go, the adding/popping is apparently done with deque which are implemented in C. The Queue class pretty much just provides blocking operations and is otherwise a very thin layer around deque. As far as primitives go, only threading.Lock is written in C and the others are pure Python, so they're not that fast, which might be a reason for Queue's slowness. As far as writing a custom C module, you could probably leave most of the work to deque and just implement blocking. If you stick to a simple lock primative, you can keep it portable and use Python's abstracted thread interface with an amazing choice of two whole functions: acquire and release. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
pyHook example.py brakes windows dead keys mechanisme
Hi all, I noticed that the dead keys* mechanism (XPSP2 NL, keyboard map US, input language Dutch) doesn't work when running the pyHooks (python 241) example. Instead of ö (o) I immediately get o. If I close the pyHooks example the expected behavior returns. Is there a way how I can get both working at the same time? -- mph * typing prints nothing the dead key, when continuing with o the character ö is printed, the same mechanimse applies for ' ~ ` in combination with most of the letters e.g. e(éëè), n(ñ), o(óõö) and c(ç). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Module Importing Question
James Stroud wrote: Hello All, I have two modules that I use interchangably depending on the circumstances. These modules are imported by yet another module. I want the importation of these two alternatives to be mutually exclusive and dependent on the state of the outermost module A diagram: mainApp ==imports== aModule ==imports== [oneMod | orTheOtherMod] I want the importing of oneMod or orTheOtherMod to depend on the state of the mainApp. aModule is frozen, as are oneMod and orTheOtherMod. How might I accomplish this? I don't know what you mean by frozen, so maybe this is no good, but I would avoid having aModule look back at the state of mainApp. Instead use another module to communicate state. This could be a simple as # in mainApp import helper if something: import oneMod as theMod else: import orTheOtherMod as theMod helper.theMod = theMod import aModule # in aModule import helper.theMod as theMod theMod.someFunction() Kent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help with language, dev tool selection
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a flat text file, 3 records, each record has two columns, the columns are tab separated. The file looks like this (approximately) Sarajevo 431104-133111 (when did they move sarajevo to italy?) Mostar 441242-133421 Zagreb 432322-134423 here's a straightforward Python solution: HEADER = This page displays longitude-latitude information SUBHEADER = Grad for line in open(datafile.txt): town, latlong = line.split() lat, long = latlong.split(-) f = open(town + .html, w) f.write(HEADER + \n) f.write(SUBHEADER + \n) f.write(town + \n) f.write(long + + lat + \n) f.close() # end tweak as necessary. see the Python tutorial for help: http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python problems with dos lineendings in python-scripts
marco wrote: hi folks, i can not run any python scripts with dos lineendings under cygwin's python. if i run such a scripts i get stupid syntax error messages from python. what can i do to run these scripts without changing the lineending of these scripts. regards marco The only time line endings will make a difference is if there's a carriage return on the shebang line. If you run the script using python script.py you should find that you get no problems at all. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC www.holdenweb.com PyCon TX 2006 www.python.org/pycon/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: override a property
Robin Becker wrote: Kay Schluehr wrote: Robin Becker wrote: I thought that methods were always overridable. In this case the lookup on the class changes the behaviour of the one and only property. How can something be made overridable that is actually overridable? I didn't know how to better express the broken polymorphism of Pythons properties than by stating it as a pleonasm about the used get and set methods. This way a property don't ever have to be redefined in subclasses if get_x, set_x etc. are changed. Kay well I guess that's the ambiguity of human language. Clearly when I assign to a normal attribute I am changing its value; assigning to a property or descriptor does something that is not so obvious. Changing the behaviour of such an attribute could be done by inheritance as suggested. The new class has overridden the property. When I want to do that on an instance I have first to create a mutable version of the descriptor where the mutability is on the instance not the class. I call the action of changing the base descriptor behaviour 'overriding', but perhaps that's not the correct word. What do you suggest? -- Robin Becker I would suggest to take a step back and start with Raymond Hettingers descriptor definition: In general, a descriptor is an object attribute with binding behavior, one whose attribute access has been overridden by methods in the descriptor protocol. Those methods are __get__, __set__, and __delete__. If any of those methods are defined for an object, it is said to be a descriptor. http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm The definition is a little confusing since we have to identify the descriptor object that implements one of the descriptor methods __get__, __set__ and __del__ with an object attribute that is assigned by the descriptor ( as object not attribute ). Otherwise we can assert that a descriptor becomes effective only if it is used as an object attribute. The meaning / essence of a descriptor is to assign attributes by a descriptor to alter binding behaviour but it's essentially an object that can be handled quite differently. To make the destinction clear I will talk about descripted attributes. Now we can talk unambigously about overriding the descriptor by means of overriding the descriptor methods in subclasses. In case of properties we pass certain functions into property() that will be wrapped into descriptor methods. Thereby property() is itself a descriptor. If we use methods of the class where the descripted attribute is defined, overriding has no effect on the descriptor. The inheritance hierarchies of descriptors and classes that define descripted attributes do not correspond. One way of establishing a pseudo-correspondence I've already presented. But maybe one can do it better without decorators? Remember that property() is a descriptor factory and there is no intrinsic need to pass functions into a factory function. Why not passing strings that are names of methods? For brevity only __get__ should be defined here: class described_by(object): def __init__(self, fget=): assert isinstance(fget, str) self.fget = fget def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None): if obj is None: return self if self.fget is None: raise AttributeError, unreadable attribute return getattr(obj.__class__, self.fget)(obj) class A(object): def __init__(self, x): self._x = x def get_x(self): return self._x x = described_by(get_x) class B(A): def get_x(self): return self._x**2 a = A(7) a.x 7 b = B(7) b.x 49 Regards, Kay -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
On 2005-10-22, William Park wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I am looking for the best and efficient way to replace the first word in a str, like this: aa to become - /aa/ to become I know I can use spilt and than join them but I can also use regular expressions and I sure there is a lot ways, but I need realy efficient one I doubt you'll find faster than Sed. On the contrary; to change a string, almost anything will be faster than sed (except another external program). If you are in a POSIX shell, parameter expansion will be a lot faster. In a python program, one of the solutions already posted will be much faster. -- Chris F.A. Johnson http://cfaj.freeshell.org == Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach, 2005, Apress http://www.torfree.net/~chris/books/cfaj/ssr.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Listening for keypress in the background
Peter Hansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: How can I make it listen for a certain keypress (say, Windows-key + space) in a controlled fashion even when it is not the program having focus? I need to do this running under GNOME in Mandrake GN/Linux 10. Search Google for python keylogger. Thanks, good idea! The relevant pages I found only link to Windows-specific keyloggers though. I just got another idea on a solution for my main problem (invoking my sleeping app) and that would be to let my window manager execute a small invoker program that would communicate with the sleeping app. The question is, which is the easiest way to communicate with a running Python program? Signals? TCP/IP (not really, right?) Pipes? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to get a raised exception from other thread
One suggestion about the above: description is actually the exception instance (the object), not just the description. Yes. In fact, it's a tuple. Maybe, I'll change it for just printing the second item of it. Thanks a lot. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PID and/or handle assistance. . .?
Hi All, Can anyone explain how to both spawn processes from PYTHON and acquire their process IDs or a handle to them for use later? I'd also like to acquire the stdout of each spawned process. Regards, Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PID and/or handle assistance. . .?
Michael Williams wrote: Hi All, Can anyone explain how to both spawn processes from PYTHON and acquire their process IDs or a handle to them for use later? I'd also like to acquire the stdout of each spawned process. Google dead today? Well, check out the modules subprocess, popen2 and os. Regards, Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python variables are bound to types when used?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: reset your brain: http://effbot.org/zone/python-objects.htm Neat link. Can you expand on this: a type (returned by type(x)) ... You cannot change the type. the page was written before the type/class unification in Python 2.2, at a time where the word type had a stricter meaning (referring to C- level types, not user-level classes). in CPython 2.2 and later, you can in fact change the type under some circumstances, as long as the internal structure (the C-level type) is identical. the types involved must (to quote the checkin messages): - have the same basic size - have the same item size - have the same dict offset - have the same weaklist offset - have the same GC flag bit - have a common base that is the same except for maybe the dict and weaklist (which may have been added separately at the same offsets in both types) - both be heap types this basically limits the feature to classes defined at the Python level (just like before the unification); most attempts to use arbitrary types will fail. e.g. x.__class__ = dict Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? TypeError: __class__ assignment: only for heap types class c(list): ... pass ... x.__class__ = c Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? TypeError: __class__ assignment: 'a' object layout differs from 'c' I suppose it's time to add a footnote to the objects page... /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subprocess exiting in an incomprehensible fashion
Well, I'll be damned... Thank you very much. I'm still getting a little tripped up with blocking IO and whatnot, but I think I can work that out. This was a real help, thanks again. #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import subprocess import random import re import os import time import select calc = subprocess.Popen(dc, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) max = random.Random().randint(10, 100) for value in range(1, max): calc.stdin.write(%d\n % value) if value 1: calc.stdin.write(*\n) calc.stdin.write(p\n) select.select([calc.stdout.fileno()], [], []) time.sleep(.1) # Still not always getting the result string = os.read(calc.stdout.fileno(), 500) print String: , string dcproduct, repcount = re.subn(\\\|\\s, , string) dcproduct = int(dcproduct) pyproduct = reduce(lambda x,y: x * y, range(1, max)) if dcproduct == pyproduct: print Π(1,%d): % (max - 1) else: print Products don't match: n = %d % (max - 1) print %d % dcproduct print %d % pyproduct calc.stdin.write(q\n) status = calc.wait() print Exited with: %d % status -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Zope and Persistence
I don't know if this is the appropriate place to post a Zope question but I figure many here are familiar with it. I'm confused about the role of the ZMI when it comes to development. I want to write a simple script that logs page hits. I wrote it in what was called a Script (Python) resource in the ZMI. When I access the page it gives an error saying that this file cannot import Persistence, etc. This makes sense but where would I put this script and how would I invoke it? It is only supposed to store an integer in Data.fs. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
find() method in ElementTree
I do not understand how to use the find() method in ElementTree.
The file 'sample.xml' is:
?xml version=1.0?
SampleRoot
Header
ProductFindMystery/Product
/Header
SpecificInformation
SampleDetailabc/SampleDetail
/SpecificInformation
/SampleRoot
from elementtree.ElementTree import ElementTree
doc = ElementTree(file='sample.xml')
iterList = doc.getiterator()
iterList
[Element SampleRoot at 1166850, Element Header at 1166878, Element
Product at 11668a0, Element SpecificInformation at 1166940, Element
SampleDetail at 1166990]
len(iterList)
5
element = iterList[4]
element.tag
'SampleDetail'
x = doc.find('SampleDetail')
if x == None:
... print 'x is none'
...
x is none
The ElementTree documentation indicates that:
find(pattern) returns the first subelement that matches the given
pattern, or None if there is no matching element.
and
the pattern argument can either be a tag name, or a path expression
Based on the following snippet from the interactive window:
doc = ElementTree(file='sample.xml')
iterList = doc.getiterator()
element = iterList[4]
element.tag
'SampleDetail'
I inferred (perhaps incorrectly) that within doc there is a subelement
with a tag 'SampleDetail'.
Based on the following snippet:
x = doc.find('SampleDetail')
if x == None:
... print 'x is none'
...
x is none
I conclude that there is no subelement in doc with a tag
'SampleDetails'.
My questions:
1) in the example above is there a subelement of doc with a tag
'SampleDetails'?
2) if so, what is the proper way of writing the call to the find()
method to locate that subelement?
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UI Design, XUL, Blender
Newcomers to Blender (3D modelling/animation program) often find its fairly unique UI a bit off-putting, but on closer inspection, I find it's a very compelling design for power users (i.e. professionals who need to use a given program on a daily basis, and who are therefore willing to make the effort to learn the specific interface). It is much better than either a command line interface or a more conventional GUI, for that purpose, IMHO. Unfortunately, Blender doesn't really follow a Model-View- Controller design, so I'm not sure how separable the interface is from the rest of the program (I'm asking that question elsewhere). My question here, is just how unique, really, is that interface? Could it be implemented with standard GUI toolkits (using complex widgets and customizing button appearance, for example)? The main things I notice as a user are that: * The buttons are smaller and use iconic graphics, so you can access more controls at once. * Extensive use of tabs allowing control pallettes to be brought up or expanded, facillitating highly hierarchical pallettes. * Widgets are color-coded as to functionality and fall into several important categories: o ON/OFF (Bistate) o ON/OFF/FLOATING (Tristate) o Numerical data entry, which act simultaneously as sliders and data-entry widgets * The main thing is that these buttons actually have fairly complicated behavior, acting as sliders, text-entry, and selectboxes simultaneously. (I may be missing things that would be more apparent to GUI designers, though, so I'd be even more interested in a reply from someone who's actually seen the Blender UI themselves.) I'm wondering if this could be achieved in a Python program by using wxPython or PyGTK or another popular, cross-platform GUI toolkit? Also, is a GUI specification language like XUL capable of expressing this kind of interface so that it could be made functional on multiple GUI implementations? I'm trying to compare two alternatives: 1) Figure out how to mimic the Blender GUI in a more conventional, separable GUI toolkit, so that an MVC design can be more easily used. (This leaves a fairly complication View component, but there are other fairly advanced 3D visualization components). 2) Use Blender itself, using the Python scripting facility to wedge an MVC design into it (probably by hacking Blender to create a bridge between Blender's internal (C struct based) model, and an external model (probably represented in an object database component, such as ZODB). in order to figure out which would be easier. Any more informed comments from people who know the various GUI packages would be a lot of help. I assume it goes without saying that I'm looking at Python as an integration language. In my ideal design, the M,V, and C components are separate Python modules, so that the communications are all at the Python level. Cheers, Terry -- Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispaceworks.com ) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Missing modules '_ssl', 'ext.IsDOMString', 'ext.SplitQName'
Hi, i get the following error message when i use py2exe on my application: The following modules appear to be missing ['_ssl', 'ext.IsDOMString', 'ext.SplitQName'] I've installed PyXML-0.8.4.win32-py2.4.exe. My version of python is 2.4 I've checked in the pyxml directories and these modules are not there. Anybody have an idea what I'm doing wrong? Thanks, Martin. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: find() method in ElementTree
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: My questions: 1) in the example above is there a subelement of doc with a tag 'SampleDetails'? find only searches for direct subelements; SampleDetail is not a direct subelement to SampleRoot, since there's a SpecificInformation element in between. 2) if so, what is the proper way of writing the call to the find() method to locate that subelement? elem = doc.find(.//SampleDetail) should work. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
any good midi tutorials?
anybody know any good midi tutorials for python? i am trying to make a realtime midi manipulation application. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Zope and Persistence
On Saturday 22 October 2005 12:34 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I don't know if this is the appropriate place to post a Zope question but I figure many here are familiar with it. You will do much better to use the Zope users' mailing list. Go to zope.org and follow the mailing lists link to sign up. I'm confused about the role of the ZMI when it comes to development. I want to write a simple script that logs page hits. I wrote it in what was called a Script (Python) resource in the ZMI. When I access the page it gives an error saying that this file cannot import Persistence, etc. Python scripts are NOT Python modules, and you should not have to import anything to make use of persistence. Objects you manipulate using the ZMI interface are pretty much always objects in the ZODB database (anything that shows up as an object or a property in the ZMI is a persistent object). What you want to do is add an integer property to the folder containing the script (i.e. context or container, depending on whether you want to maintain a count in the directory from which the script is called, or one unique counter where the script is stored). That's your counter. Also, be sure to follow the help link in the ZMI and use the online API documentation. This makes sense but where would I put this script and how would I invoke it? It is only supposed to store an integer in Data.fs. Thanks. If you actually needed imports and access to the internal ZODB machinery, then you would need to write a Product, not work in the ZMI at all. But you don't. Cheers, Terry -- Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispaceworks.com ) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: py def tester(n): ... s1 = ... s2 = %s * n ... bytes = tuple([chr(i % 256) for i in range(n)]) ... t1 = time.time() ... for i in range(n): ... s1 = s1 + chr(i % 256) ... t1 = time.time() - t1 ... t2 = time.time() ... s2 = s2 % bytes ... t2 = time.time() - t2 ... assert s1 == s2 ... print t1, t2 ... py py tester(x) 3.24212408066 0.01252317428 py tester(x) 2.58376598358 0.01238489151 py tester(x) 2.76262307167 0.01474809646 The string formatting is two orders of magnitude faster than the concatenation. The speed difference becomes even more obvious when you increase the number of strings being concatenated: The test isn't right - the addition test case includes the time to convert the number into a char, including taking a modulo. I couldn't resist adding the .join idiom to this test: def tester(n): ... l1 = [chr(i % 256) for i in range(n)] ... s1 = ... t1 = time.time() ... for c in l1: ... s1 += c ... t1 = time.time() - t1 ... s2 = '%s' * n ... l2 = tuple(chr(i % 256) for i in range(n)) ... t2 = time.time() ... s2 = s2 % l2 ... t2 = time.time() - t2 ... t3 = time.time() ... s3 = ''.join(l2) ... t3 = time.time() - t3 ... assert s1 == s2 ... assert s1 == s3 ... print t1, t2, t3 ... tester(x) 0.0551731586456 0.0251281261444 0.0264830589294 tester(x) 0.0585241317749 0.0239250659943 0.0256059169769 tester(x) 0.0544500350952 0.0271301269531 0.0232360363007 The order of magnitude now falls to a factor of two. The original version of the test on my box also showed an order of magnitude difference, so this isn't an implementation difference. This version still includes the overhead of the for loop in the test. The join idiom isn't enough faster to make a difference. py tester(x*10) 2888.56399703 0.13130998611 tester(x * 10) 1.22272014618 0.252701997757 0.27273607254 tester(x * 10) 1.21779584885 0.255345106125 0.242965936661 tester(x * 10) 1.25092792511 0.311630964279 0.241738080978 Here we get the addition idiom being closer to a factor of four instead of two slower. The .joim idiom is still nearly identical. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Jargons of Info Tech industry
On Wed, 12 Oct 2005 21:50:22 GMT Roedy Green [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It is almost like providing ladders and setting out cookies and milk for the burglars. Fire escapes at christmas. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: KeyboardInterrupt vs extension written in C
Tamas Nepusz [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes on 20 Oct 2005 15:39:54 -0700: The library I'm working on is designed for performing calculations on large-scale graphs (~1 nodes and edges). I want to create a Python interface for that library, so what I want to accomplish is that I could just type from igraph import * in a Python command line and then access all of the functionalities of the igraph library. Now it works, except the fact that if, for example, I start computing the diameter of a random graph of ~10 nodes and ~20 edges, I can't cancel it, because the KeyboardInterrupt is not propagated to the Python toplevel (or it isn't even generated until the igraph library routine returns). Python installs a SIGINT handler that just notes that such a signal was received. The note is handled during bytecode execution. This way, Python handles the (dangerous) asynchronous signal synchronously (which is much safer). But, it also means that a signal during execution of your C extension is only handled when it finished. What you can do in your wrapper code: Temporarily install a new handler for SIGINT that uses longjmp to quit the C extension execution when the signal occurs. Note that longjmp is dangerous. Great care is necessary. It is likely that SIGINT occurrences will lead to big resource leaks (because your C extension will have no way to release resources when it gets quit with longjmp). Dieter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python gc performance in large apps
On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 16:13:09 -0400, Robby Dermody [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hey guys (thus begins a book of a post :), I'm in the process of writing a commercial VoIP call monitoring and recording application suite in python and pyrex. Basically, this software sits in a VoIP callcenter-type environment (complete with agent phones and VoIP servers), sniffs voice data off of the network, and allows users to listen into calls. It can record calls as well. The project is about a year and 3 months in the making and lately the codebase has stabilized enough to where it can be used by some of our clients. The entire project has about 37,000 lines of python and pyrex code (along with 1-2K lines of unrelated java code). [snip - it leaks memory] One thing to consider is that the process may be growing in size, not because garbage objects are not being freed, but because objects which should be garbage are being held onto by application-level code. gc.objects may be useful for determining if this is the case, and gc.get_objects() may be useful for discovering what kinds of objects are piling up. These may give you a hint as to where to look to allow these objects to be released, if this is the problem. Of course, it's also possible one of the libraries you are using is either leaking objects in this fashion, or for the extension modules, may just be leaking memory. The above techniques may help you find an object leak, but they won't help you find a memory leak. For this, you might give Valgrind a try (use the suppression file in Python CVS to get rid of the spew PyMalloc and friends generate). Also, I can point out two things: Twisted's URL parsing extension leaked some memory in 1.3, but has been fixed since 2.0; and Nevow 0.4.1 made it easy to write applications that leaked several page objects per request, which has been fixed since 0.5. If you're using either of these older versions, upgrading may fix your difficulties. Hope this helps, Jp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: KeyboardInterrupt vs extension written in C
On 22 Oct 2005 22:02:46 +0200, Dieter Maurer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Tamas Nepusz [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes on 20 Oct 2005 15:39:54 -0700: The library I'm working on is designed for performing calculations on large-scale graphs (~1 nodes and edges). I want to create a Python interface for that library, so what I want to accomplish is that I could just type from igraph import * in a Python command line and then access all of the functionalities of the igraph library. Now it works, except the fact that if, for example, I start computing the diameter of a random graph of ~10 nodes and ~20 edges, I can't cancel it, because the KeyboardInterrupt is not propagated to the Python toplevel (or it isn't even generated until the igraph library routine returns). Python installs a SIGINT handler that just notes that such a signal was received. The note is handled during bytecode execution. This way, Python handles the (dangerous) asynchronous signal synchronously (which is much safer). But, it also means that a signal during execution of your C extension is only handled when it finished. What you can do in your wrapper code: Temporarily install a new handler for SIGINT that uses longjmp to quit the C extension execution when the signal occurs. Note that longjmp is dangerous. Great care is necessary. It is likely that SIGINT occurrences will lead to big resource leaks (because your C extension will have no way to release resources when it gets quit with longjmp). Note that swapcontext() is probably preferable to longjmp() in almost all circumstances. In cases where it isn't, siglongjmp() definitely is. Jp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
High Order Messages in Python
I'm reading about high order messages in Ruby by Nat Pryce, and thinking if it could be util and if so, if it could be done in Python. Someone already tried? References: http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/view/1047 http://nat.truemesh.com/archives/000535.html http://nat.truemesh.com/archives/000537.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: PID and/or handle assistance. . .?
On Oct 22, 2005, at 1:16 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:Michael Williams wrote: Hi All, Can anyone explain how to both spawn processes from PYTHON and acquire their process IDs or a handle to them for use later? I'd also like to acquire the stdout of each spawned process. Google dead today? Well, check out the modules subprocess, popen2 and os. Regards, Diez No, Google certainly isn't dead. I simply figured I'd ask those in the know instead of mindlessly meandering the web. Anyway, I've checked out the OS module and although I can find examples of say .fork, and .popen, they aren't extremely informative or straightforward. Any other ideas/examples?Regards-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Question about inheritance...
I have a base class called Shape And then classes like Circle, Square, Triangle etc, that inherit from Shape: My quesiton is can a method of the Shape class call a method in Circle, or Square etc...? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
def replace_word(source, newword):
Replace the first word of source with newword.
return newword + + .join(source.split(None, 1)[1:])
import time
def test():
t = time.time()
for i in range(1):
s = replace_word(aa to become, /aa/)
print ((time.time() - t)/1), s
py test()
3.6199092865e-06 s
Is that fast enough for you?
I agree in most cases it's premature optimization. But little tests
like this do help in learning to write good performing code in general.
Don't forget a string can be sliced. In this case testing before you
leap is a win. ;-)
import time
def test(func, n):
t = time.time()
s = ''
for i in range(n):
s = func(aa to become, /aa/)
tfunc = t-time.time()
print func.__name__,':', (tfunc/n), s
print s
def replace_word1(source, newword):
Replace the first word of source with newword.
return newword + + .join(source.split(None, 1)[1:])
def replace_word2(source, newword):
Replace the first word of source with newword.
if ' ' in source:
return newword + source[source.index(' '):]
return newword
test(replace_word1, 1)
test(replace_word2, 1)
===
replace_word1 : -3.09998989105e-006 s
/aa/ to become
replace_word2 : -1.6324249e-006 s
/aa/ to become
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
The RE way, was much slower I used the spilt, it was better I tought because there was no need to take it to the memory again, but it just my thougth -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about inheritance...
Hi, 22 Oct 2005 14:40:09 -0700, KraftDiner [EMAIL PROTECTED]: I have a base class called Shape And then classes like Circle, Square, Triangle etc, that inherit from Shape: My quesiton is can a method of the Shape class call a method in Circle, or Square etc...? even there would exist a way to accomplish that, I would suggest to rethink your class hierachy. Such requirements can show serious design problems. Best regards, Oliver -- Oliver Andrich [EMAIL PROTECTED] --- http://roughbook.de/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about inheritance...
KraftDiner [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I have a base class called Shape And then classes like Circle, Square, Triangle etc, that inherit from Shape: My quesiton is can a method of the Shape class call a method in Circle, or Square etc...? Yup: class Shape(object): ... def commented_draw(self): ... print Drawing, self.__class__.__name__ ... self.draw() ... class Circle(Shape): ... def draw(self): ... print Drawing a Circle ... c = Circle() c.commented_draw() Drawing Circle Drawing a Circle Or maybe you meant invoking them directly, which a method in Shape would do by calling Circle.draw(self). The latter is ugly - you should use self.draw() to invoke the draw routine that's correct for self. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: High Order Messages in Python
On 22 Oct 2005 14:12:16 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm reading about high order messages in Ruby by Nat Pryce, and thinking if it could be util and if so, if it could be done in Python. Someone already tried? Here's an example of the idea, in Python: def messageA(): print 'Message A received!' def messageB(otherMessage): print 'Message B received! Sending some other message.' otherMessage() messageB(messageA) Since this is a basic feature of Python, we usually don't call them messages. Instead, functions or sometimes methods. Jp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: High Order Messages in Python
Hum... I thnk you dont get the ideia: I'm not talking abou High Order Functions. What ho call High Order Methods is some like connecting some 'generic' methods created to do things like this: claimants.where.retired?.do.receive_benefit 50 The 2nd and 3rd links that in the first post is the most relevant to undestand the concept. Read this too: http://www.metaobject.com/papers/Higher_Order_Messaging_OOPSLA_2005.pdf -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about inheritance...
KraftDiner wrote: I have a base class called Shape And then classes like Circle, Square, Triangle etc, that inherit from Shape: My quesiton is can a method of the Shape class call a method in Circle, or Square etc...? This looks familiar. :-) Yes, it can if it has references to them. Could you explain a little better what you are doing. Since I'm working on the same (or similar) thing maybe we can share our results, (or efforts). Cheers, Ron -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
System tray Icon
How would I have an app run with just a system tray Icon??? any help would be greatly appreciated. I have no clue where to start. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: High Order Messages in Python
On 22 Oct 2005 15:11:39 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hum... I thnk you dont get the ideia: I'm not talking abou High Order Functions. What ho call High Order Methods is some like connecting some 'generic' methods created to do things like this: claimants.where.retired?.do.receive_benefit 50 The 2nd and 3rd links that in the first post is the most relevant to undestand the concept. Read this too: http://www.metaobject.com/papers/Higher_Order_Messaging_OOPSLA_2005.pdf These are just more involved applications of the same idea. They're easily implemented in Python, using primitives such as HOF, if one desires. However, I don't see why one would want to write the above mish-mash, rather than: for cl in claimaints: if cl.retired(): cl.receive_benefit(50) Or: [cl.receive_benefit(50) for cl in claimaints if cl.retired()) Or: map( ClaimaintType.receive_benefit, filter( ClaimaintType.retired, claimaints), itertools.repeat(50)) Or: claimaintGroup.disburse() Jp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: High Order Messages in Python
This can be suitably applied to Python with the use of Higher Order Functions, though. It's not quite the Ruby version because Python allows you to use functions as first-class objects, complicating the All-You-Can-Do-Is-Pass-A-Message philosophy. This is my 5-minute implementation: class HigherOrderList(list): def do(self, func): return HigherOrderList(each(self, func)) def where(self, pred): return HigherOrderList(mass_test(self, pred)) def mass_test(iterable, pred): for item in iterable: if pred(item): yield item def each(iterable, method): for item in iterable: yield method(item) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote or quoted: Wrong. The only obligation Microsoft has is to their shareholders. That obligation has nothing to do with computing - it's to make a profit. It's MS's habit of doing things in pursuit of profit that, while short of force, are borderline fraud, and are illegal, immoral, unethical, bad for their business partners, bad for their customers, bad for the industry and bad for society that causes people to characterize them as evil. Microsoft still comes in at number 2 - on: http://dmoz.org/Society/Issues/Business/Allegedly_Unethical_Firms/ Few companies are more despised than Microsoft. -- __ |im |yler http://timtyler.org/ [EMAIL PROTECTED] Remove lock to reply. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
Roedy Green [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 21:47:27 -0700, David Schwartz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote or quoted : There is no way Microsoft could have expected the market to be defined in this way and no way to argue that Microsoft had any reason to believe their conduct was illegal. If what they did to me in the 90s was not illegal it damn well should have been. If the deal didn't give you more than it cost you, all you had to do was say 'no'. I understand the frustration at being forced to pay for something what it is worth. DS -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 21:47:27 -0700, David Schwartz wrote: That's basic economics. Something which can be allowed or ignored or even encouraged when done by small businesses in a competitive market can easily become harmful and bad for the economy when done by a monopolist or duopolist in an uncompetitive market. Microsoft goal is and should be their own success, not the success of the economy or the market in general. Neither I, nor you, nor the government of any nation, should care a monkey's toss specifically for Microsoft's success. Microsoft is one special interest, out of a potentially unbounded number of possible players in the economy of a country and the world. No, not at all. It is the gravest act of self-contradiction to maintain that one should be allowed to pursue one's own interest while denying that same right to others. Unless you or I are specifically shareholders in Microsoft, we should not care about their specific success; and the government should be entirely agnostic about who are the winners and losers in an economy. We should certainly care that Microsoft be allowed to pursue their own success. The government should be agnostic about who the winners and losers are, but must respect each entity's right to attempt to be that winner. The government's role should be to ensure a level playing field, and minimum levels of health, safety and environmental standards. There is no place for government giving special-interests like Microsoft favours. The problem is, people complain when the playing field is in fact level. For example, Microsoft's exclusionary Windows agreements didn't ask for more than Windows was worth (or nobody would have agreed to them). Yet they are considered examples of the playing field not being level. Society regulates where and how we park our cars: for instance, none of us are allowed to park our car in the middle of busy road. and if we try, our car is likely to be impounded. This is not because there is anything in and of itself *wrong* with parking at such-and-such a place, but because of the effect it has on others. Umm, no. It's because the government owns the roads and operates them for the benefit of all. This analogy applies *only* to government property. A sensible government cares for smooth flowing traffic on the roads, with the minimum of delays and the maximum flow practical. You could replace government with road owner and the analogy would then be correct. Governments don't give a damn if traffic flows smoothly on private roads. Perhaps Walmart or Safeway might find it convenient to park their trucks on public roads for any number of reasons. Too bad for them: the benefit to them does not outweigh the loss to everyone else, even if they don't specifically block access to their competitors. And this is what any road owner would do. Microsoft's behaviour over-all has been just as anti-social, anti-competitive and harmful to the over-all running of the economy as a hypothetical Walmart or Safeway that regularly parked their trucks in the middle of the main road for a few hours while they unloaded. The problem is, the government does not own the economy. So it does not get to manage it the way it gets to manage the roads it in fact owns. Maybe, just maybe, if Mom Pop's Corner Store tried it once or twice, we could afford to turn a blind eye, especially if the disruption caused by towing their delivery van was greater than the disruption caused by their double-parking. Thousands of people break the law by double-parking for a few minutes, and society doesn't collapse. But something that we can afford to ignore when done by MP's Corner Store becomes a serious problem if done by somebody with the economic power of Walmart, with their thousands of deliveries by 18-wheelers every day across the country. Again, the analogy fails. You are comparing the government's right to manage its own property with the government's right to interfere with other people's right to manage their property. Microsoft's status of a monopolist is only meaningful if you define the market as desktop operating systems for 32-bit x86 computers. That is *precisely* the market we're talking about. Not any item that runs off electricity, not orange juice, not pork bellies, not all computing devices, but desktop PCs. What did you think the Justice Department's investigation was about? Motor vehicles? I thought it was about operating systems, actually. And I thought that both OSX and Linux competed with it. There is no way Microsoft could have expected the market to be defined in this way and no way to argue that Microsoft had any reason to believe their conduct was illegal. Microsoft have lawyers. Microsoft destroyed emails and at least one senior manager perjured himself in
Re: python gc performance in large apps
Jp Calderone wrote: On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 16:13:09 -0400, Robby Dermody [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [snip - it leaks memory] One thing to consider is that the process may be growing in size, not because garbage objects are not being freed, but because objects which should be garbage are being held onto by application-level code. This is a big problem with Java too. It's also likely to be a large source of the memory growth here given that there isn't much cylcic garbage. I'm assuming that memory leaks in the python core are going to be a small percentage of the total. (Probably also true even if there are memory leaks in Twisted, etc) It's so easy to keep data around you don't realize. I don't have any particular insight into this problem. I think Zope servers can run a long without similar issues, so I think (certainly hope) it's not endemic to the Python core. I don't recall any significant memory leaks fixed between 2.3 and current CVS. But it would be interesting to try your app on 2.4 at least to see if it works. CVS would also be interesting. You might want to consider building your own python configuring --with-pydebug. This will cause your program to run slower and consume more memory, but it has additional information available to help find reference leaks. Definitely also run under valgrind if possible. Given the size, I don't know if electric fence or dbmalloc are realistic options. Feel free to mail me if you need help with valgrind etc. I'm very curious what the root cause of your problem is. It's possible you are exercising code in python that isn't commonly used and so we haven't found a problem yet. Also consider looking into the issues of the third party libraries. Jp mentioned some problems with Twisted stuff. It would be good if you could provide small test cases that create the problems you have encountered. n -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: High Order Messages in Python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I'm reading about high order messages in Ruby by Nat Pryce, and thinking if it could be util and if so, if it could be done in Python. Someone already tried? Yes, I'm pretty sure it could be done in Python. All it really needs is the ability to catch references to undefined attributes, which Python has. You make the HOM of your collection class return an object with a reference to self, and the __getattr__ method of that classs then invokes getattr on each object in the referenced collection instance for the undefined method, manipulating the result as appropriate for that HOM, and returning a new list. But this really isn't a very good fit for Python. This is really a feature for more aggressively OO languages. To make the examples HOMs described really useful, you want to add them to some base class for collections. But that base class doesn't exist in Python - Python just isn't that OO. You could add various HOMs to lists, tuples, generators and iterators - but then anyone who wanted to create a new sequence class would have to add all of the HOMs that their clients might want to use. The pythonic way would be to add a function that works with all the various sequence types - which would then automatically work with any user-defined classes that quacked like a sequence. It's not very OO - but it is pythonic. In fact, Python already has functions that capture the functionality of the example HOMs in the links you posted: where and unless are handled by filter. in_order_of and in_reverse_order_of are handled by sorted. do is is handled by map. Of course, recent versions of python provide list comprehensions as preferable to some of these functions. That said, HOM's are a *very* powerful mechanism. The examples - and my discussion of them - cover just one very broad use case. There may be others where they are a better fit with Python. Having examples of how to do these kinds of things around is probably worthwhile. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python vs Ruby
On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 13:03:29 +0100, Alex Stapleton wrote: On 21 Oct 2005, at 09:31, Harald Armin Massa wrote: Casey, I have heard, but have not been able to verify that if a program is about 10,000 lines in C++ it is about 5,000 lines in Java and it is about 3,000 lines in Python (Ruby to?) I suspect it is considerably less than that, although it depends on the specific code being written. BTW: it is normally only 50 lines in Perl. Not that you could read it, though Harald Perl is more like a CISC CPU. There are a million different commands. Python is more RISC like. Line count comparisons = pointless. Not so. Every line = more labour for the developer = more cost and time. Every line = more places for bugs to exist = more cost and time. I find it sometimes helps to imagine extreme cases. Suppose somebody comes to you and says Hi, I want you to develop a web scrapping application to run on my custom hardware. You look at the project specifications and realise that the hardware has no OS, no TCP/IP, no file manager, no compiler. So you have to quote the potential customer on writing all these layers of software, potentially tens of millions of lines of code. Even porting an existing OS to the new hardware is not an insignificant job. Think how much time and money it would take. On the other extreme, the client comes to you and asks the same thing, except the hardware is a stock-standard Linux-based PC. Your development environment already contains an operating system, a file manager, TCP/IP, compilers, frameworks... and wget. The work you need to do is potentially as little as writing down the command man wget on a slip of paper and pushing it across the table to your customer. As programming languages go, C is closer to the first extreme, C++ a little further away, Java further away still, because Java provides more capabilities already built-in that the C programmer has to create from scratch. For many tasks, Python provides even more capabilities, in a language that demands less syntax scaffolding to make things happen. Every line of code you don't have to write not only is a bug that just can't happen, but it also saves time and labour. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
Chris F.A. Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 2005-10-22, William Park wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I am looking for the best and efficient way to replace the first word in a str, like this: aa to become - /aa/ to become I know I can use spilt and than join them but I can also use regular expressions and I sure there is a lot ways, but I need realy efficient one I doubt you'll find faster than Sed. On the contrary; to change a string, almost anything will be faster than sed (except another external program). If you are in a POSIX shell, parameter expansion will be a lot faster. In a python program, one of the solutions already posted will be much faster. Care to put a wager on your claim? -- William Park [EMAIL PROTECTED], Toronto, Canada ThinFlash: Linux thin-client on USB key (flash) drive http://home.eol.ca/~parkw/thinflash.html BashDiff: Super Bash shell http://freshmeat.net/projects/bashdiff/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Binding a variable?
On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 13:33:18 -0400, Mike Meyer wrote: Paul Dale [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hi everyone, Is it possible to bind a list member or variable to a variable such that temp = 5 list = [ temp ] Don't use the names of built-in functions as variables. temp == 6 list would show list = [ 6 ] No. You need to either put a mutable in the list, or subclass list so that indexing gets the value, looks it up in the appropriate namespace, and returns that value. Or something even conceptually simpler than having to muck about with looking up different namespaces: class Data: def __init__(self, obj): self.value = obj def __str__(self): return self.value temp = Data(5) L = [temp] print L will give 5. temp.value = 6 print L will now give 6. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python cgi
I added enctype=multipart/form-data to the form tag, and that seemed to solve it. Thanks. Jeremy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
David Schwartz [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 21:47:27 -0700, David Schwartz wrote: That's basic economics. Something which can be allowed or ignored or even encouraged when done by small businesses in a competitive market can easily become harmful and bad for the economy when done by a monopolist or duopolist in an uncompetitive market. Microsoft goal is and should be their own success, not the success of the economy or the market in general. Neither I, nor you, nor the government of any nation, should care a monkey's toss specifically for Microsoft's success. Microsoft is one special interest, out of a potentially unbounded number of possible players in the economy of a country and the world. No, not at all. It is the gravest act of self-contradiction to maintain that one should be allowed to pursue one's own interest while denying that same right to others. Not at all. No one is denying anyones right to purssue their own interest. What's being denied is the right to use illegal means to do so. If MS restricted themselves to legal means, no one would have a problem with them. Unless you or I are specifically shareholders in Microsoft, we should not care about their specific success; and the government should be entirely agnostic about who are the winners and losers in an economy. We should certainly care that Microsoft be allowed to pursue their own success. The government should be agnostic about who the winners and losers are, but must respect each entity's right to attempt to be that winner. Nice thought. Unfortunately, the government doesn't work that way. They believe that a practical monopoly is a bad thing, and limit the things such a company can do, and have been known to disassemble companies they believe are harming the economy in general. The government's role should be to ensure a level playing field, and minimum levels of health, safety and environmental standards. There is no place for government giving special-interests like Microsoft favours. The problem is, people complain when the playing field is in fact level. For example, Microsoft's exclusionary Windows agreements didn't ask for more than Windows was worth (or nobody would have agreed to them). Yet they are considered examples of the playing field not being level. No, they didn't ask for more than Windows were worth. They tilted the playing field against MS competitors by causing consumers to pay MS money for products they didn't receive. In most countries, taking money from unwilling victims without giving them anything in exchange is called theft. Microsoft's behaviour over-all has been just as anti-social, anti-competitive and harmful to the over-all running of the economy as a hypothetical Walmart or Safeway that regularly parked their trucks in the middle of the main road for a few hours while they unloaded. The problem is, the government does not own the economy. So it does not get to manage it the way it gets to manage the roads it in fact owns. Sorry, but you're wrong. The government *does* own the econnomy. Who do you think originally created all the money that is flowing through it? The government charges you for the privilege of participating in their economy - it's called income tax. 2000 years ago Christ knew who owned the economy, and said Render unto Ceaser that which is Ceasers. Maybe, just maybe, if Mom Pop's Corner Store tried it once or twice, we could afford to turn a blind eye, especially if the disruption caused by towing their delivery van was greater than the disruption caused by their double-parking. Thousands of people break the law by double-parking for a few minutes, and society doesn't collapse. But something that we can afford to ignore when done by MP's Corner Store becomes a serious problem if done by somebody with the economic power of Walmart, with their thousands of deliveries by 18-wheelers every day across the country. Again, the analogy fails. You are comparing the government's right to manage its own property with the government's right to interfere with other people's right to manage their property. Sorry, but nobody but the government actually owns property. In most places, you can't make non-trivial changes to your property without permission from the government. They even charge you rent on your property, only they call it property tax. Microsoft's status of a monopolist is only meaningful if you define the market as desktop operating systems for 32-bit x86 computers. That is *precisely* the market we're talking about. Not any item that runs off electricity, not orange juice, not pork bellies, not all computing devices, but desktop PCs. What did you think the Justice Department's investigation was about? Motor vehicles? I thought it was about operating systems, actually. And I thought that
Re: Python vs Ruby
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 13:03:29 +0100, Alex Stapleton wrote: Perl is more like a CISC CPU. There are a million different commands. Python is more RISC like. Line count comparisons = pointless. Not so. Every line = more labour for the developer = more cost and time. Every line = more places for bugs to exist = more cost and time. There were studies done in the 70s that showed that programmers produced the same number of debugged lines of code a day no matter what language they used. So a language that lets you build the same program with fewer lines of code will let you build the program in less time. I find it sometimes helps to imagine extreme cases. Suppose somebody comes to you and says Hi, I want you to develop a web scrapping application to run on my custom hardware. You look at the project specifications and realise that the hardware has no OS, no TCP/IP, no file manager, no compiler. So you have to quote the potential customer on writing all these layers of software, potentially tens of millions of lines of code. Even porting an existing OS to the new hardware is not an insignificant job. Think how much time and money it would take. Then factor in the profits to be reaped from selling the ported OS/compilers :-). mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Binding a variable?
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 13:33:18 -0400, Mike Meyer wrote: Paul Dale [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hi everyone, Is it possible to bind a list member or variable to a variable such that temp = 5 list = [ temp ] Don't use the names of built-in functions as variables. temp == 6 list would show list = [ 6 ] No. You need to either put a mutable in the list, or subclass list so that indexing gets the value, looks it up in the appropriate namespace, and returns that value. Or something even conceptually simpler than having to muck about with looking up different namespaces: [elided] Um, that's the *first* solution I proposed: putting a mutable on the list. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
On 2005-10-22, William Park wrote: Chris F.A. Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 2005-10-22, William Park wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I am looking for the best and efficient way to replace the first word in a str, like this: aa to become - /aa/ to become I know I can use spilt and than join them but I can also use regular expressions and I sure there is a lot ways, but I need realy efficient one I doubt you'll find faster than Sed. On the contrary; to change a string, almost anything will be faster than sed (except another external program). If you are in a POSIX shell, parameter expansion will be a lot faster. In a python program, one of the solutions already posted will be much faster. Care to put a wager on your claim? In a shell, certainly. If one of the python solutions is not faster than sed (e.g., os.system(sed .)) I'll forget all about using python. -- Chris F.A. Johnson http://cfaj.freeshell.org == Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach, 2005, Apress http://www.torfree.net/~chris/books/cfaj/ssr.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 21:41:58 +, Ron Adam wrote: Don't forget a string can be sliced. In this case testing before you leap is a win. ;-) Not much of a win: only a factor of two, and unlikely to hold in all cases. Imagine trying it on *really long* strings with the first space close to the far end: the split-and-join algorithm has to walk the string once, while your test-then-index algorithm has to walk it twice. So for a mere factor of two benefit on short strings, I'd vote for the less complex split-and-join version, although it is just a matter of personal preference. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about inheritance...
Well here is a rough sketch of my code... This is giving my two problems. 1) TypeError: super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj 2) I want to be sure the the draw code calls the inherited classes outline and not its own... class Shape: def __init__(self): pass def render(self): print self.__class___ self.outline() def outline(self): pass class Rect(Shape): def __init__(self): super(self.__class__, self).__init__() def render(self): super(self.__class__, self).draw() def outline(self): print 'outline' + self.__class__ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 16:10:24 -0700, David Schwartz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote or quoted : If the deal didn't give you more than it cost you, all you had to do was say 'no'. I understand the frustration at being forced to pay for something what it is worth. The choice was go along with MS arm twisting or go out of business. I call that extortion. -- Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green. http://mindprod.com Again taking new Java programming contracts. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Neither I, nor you, nor the government of any nation, should care a monkey's toss specifically for Microsoft's success. Microsoft is one special interest, out of a potentially unbounded number of possible players in the economy of a country and the world. No, not at all. It is the gravest act of self-contradiction to maintain that one should be allowed to pursue one's own interest while denying that same right to others. Not at all. No one is denying anyones right to purssue their own interest. What's being denied is the right to use illegal means to do so. If MS restricted themselves to legal means, no one would have a problem with them. The conclusion that the means were illegal is predicated on the definition of the relevent market as desktop operating systems for 32-bit x86 computers. Conduct is not illegal unless some law puts people on adequate notice that their conduct is illegal. What law put Microsoft on notice that the relevent market would be defined in the bizarre and almost nonsensical way? Unless you or I are specifically shareholders in Microsoft, we should not care about their specific success; and the government should be entirely agnostic about who are the winners and losers in an economy. We should certainly care that Microsoft be allowed to pursue their own success. The government should be agnostic about who the winners and losers are, but must respect each entity's right to attempt to be that winner. Nice thought. Unfortunately, the government doesn't work that way. They believe that a practical monopoly is a bad thing, and limit the things such a company can do, and have been known to disassemble companies they believe are harming the economy in general. In other words, they believe the rights of Microsoft to do what they please with what is theirs is subservient to some general obligation to help the economy as a whole. I am saying that Microsoft has no obligaiton to the economy as a whole but instead has an obligation to its stockholders. It would be the gravest dereliction of that obligation for Microsoft to sacrifice itself for some general benefit. The government's role should be to ensure a level playing field, and minimum levels of health, safety and environmental standards. There is no place for government giving special-interests like Microsoft favours. The problem is, people complain when the playing field is in fact level. For example, Microsoft's exclusionary Windows agreements didn't ask for more than Windows was worth (or nobody would have agreed to them). Yet they are considered examples of the playing field not being level. No, they didn't ask for more than Windows were worth. They tilted the playing field against MS competitors by causing consumers to pay MS money for products they didn't receive. In most countries, taking money from unwilling victims without giving them anything in exchange is called theft. It is not theft if you can simply say no to the deal and all that happens is that you don't get the product. Your argument is preposterous. If you accept arguments that equate guns with arguments, the next step is that using a gun is a rational response to an argument one doesn't like. Oh wait, you're already there. Microsoft's behaviour over-all has been just as anti-social, anti-competitive and harmful to the over-all running of the economy as a hypothetical Walmart or Safeway that regularly parked their trucks in the middle of the main road for a few hours while they unloaded. The problem is, the government does not own the economy. So it does not get to manage it the way it gets to manage the roads it in fact owns. Sorry, but you're wrong. The government *does* own the econnomy. If you believe that, then there is no reaching you with reason. Who do you think originally created all the money that is flowing through it? The government created a medium of exchange, but that is not the same as saying it created the wealth that money represents. The government created the money simply as a stand in for the wealth that was created by others. The government charges you for the privilege of participating in their economy - it's called income tax. 2000 years ago Christ knew who owned the economy, and said Render unto Ceaser that which is Ceasers. The government charges you, notionally, for the services it provides. It is somewhat silly to phrase as this as charging you for the privilege of participating in *their* economy. I am familiar with just about every theory for justifying government power, and I know of none that justifies a claim of complete government ownership of the economy other than those that lead to Communism or Totalitariansm. Maybe, just maybe, if Mom Pop's Corner Store tried it once or twice, we could afford to turn a blind eye,
Re: Listening for keypress in the background
Mathias Dahl [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Peter Hansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: How can I make it listen for a certain keypress (say, Windows-key + space) in a controlled fashion even when it is not the program having focus? I need to do this running under GNOME in Mandrake GN/Linux 10. Search Google for python keylogger. Thanks, good idea! The relevant pages I found only link to Windows-specific keyloggers though. I just got another idea on a solution for my main problem (invoking my sleeping app) and that would be to let my window manager execute a small invoker program that would communicate with the sleeping app. The question is, which is the easiest way to communicate with a running Python program? Signals? TCP/IP (not really, right?) Pipes? I solved it using named pipes (mkfifo, open and read) plus a simple echo x pipe to invoke. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
Roedy Green [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 16:10:24 -0700, David Schwartz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote or quoted : If the deal didn't give you more than it cost you, all you had to do was say 'no'. I understand the frustration at being forced to pay for something what it is worth. The choice was go along with MS arm twisting or go out of business. Only because the product they were providing you was so important you were unable to do business without it. I call that extortion. Microsoft had something you need so badly that you could not go into business without it. So they demanded from you that you pay them what their software was actually worth to you. That is not extortion. Everyone who sells something tries to get the maximum possible value for it. (Of course, you could have gone into business selling servers. Or Macintoshes. Or another business entirely. It was only to go into the business of selling PCs with Windows that you had to deal with Microsoft.) DS -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
On Sun, 23 Oct 2005 01:00:31 GMT, Roedy Green [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote or quoted : The choice was go along with MS arm twisting or go out of business. I call that extortion. I deeply resent this, because they not only ripped me off, they put me a in position I felt compelled to become part of their dirty business scheme. I am angrier for my own uncleanness than I am at my actual financial losses. I despise them for corrupting me. -- Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green. http://mindprod.com Again taking new Java programming contracts. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about inheritance...
This is what I've got so far: class Shape(object): def __init__(self): pass def render(self): print 'Shape render' self.outline() def outline(self): pass class Rect(Shape): def __init__(self): super(self.__class__, self).__init__() def render(self): super(self.__class__, self).render() def outline(self): print 'Rect outline' r = Rect() r.render() The output: Shape render Rect outline Cool.. I guess its working.. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about inheritance...
KraftDiner [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Well here is a rough sketch of my code... This is giving my two problems. 1) TypeError: super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj Make your classes new-style (have Shape inherit from object) to fix this. You're using the legacy (old-style) object model (which remains for backwards compatibility only). 2) I want to be sure the the draw code calls the inherited classes outline and not its own... Call anything on self, and you'll use the inherited class. class Shape: change to: class Shape(object): def __init__(self): pass remove this method, no need for it. def render(self): print self.__class___ Use two trailing underscores, NOT three. self.outline() def outline(self): pass Use as the body raise NotImplementedError to make sure that Shape.outline never gets accidentally called. class Rect(Shape): def __init__(self): super(self.__class__, self).__init__() def render(self): super(self.__class__, self).draw() You never defined a method named 'draw', do you mean 'render'? def outline(self): print 'outline' + self.__class__ Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 16:17:20 -0700, David Schwartz wrote: Microsoft goal is and should be their own success, not the success of the economy or the market in general. Neither I, nor you, nor the government of any nation, should care a monkey's toss specifically for Microsoft's success. Microsoft is one special interest, out of a potentially unbounded number of possible players in the economy of a country and the world. No, not at all. It is the gravest act of self-contradiction to maintain that one should be allowed to pursue one's own interest while denying that same right to others. This is perhaps the most ignorant thing I've seen written down by somebody educated for a long, long long time. An individual's self-interest may very well include theft, murder or rape, to mention just a few examples. Pursuing one's own self-interest is not and never has been an unrestricted right. At the point that your self-interest harms others, civilization steps in and slaps you down. You are not allowed to pursue your own self-interest by dumping your trash over the fence into your neighbour's back yard. You are not allowed to pursue your own self-interest by putting a bullet in the brain of that annoying busker on the sub-way playing Beatles tunes badly. You are not allowed to pursue your own self-interest in breaking into your neighbour's home and stealing his property. And neither are you allowed to pursue your own self-interest by engaging in predatory and anti-competitive business practices. Now perhaps you personally would like to live in a society where Steve Ballmer, pursuing Microsoft's own interests, is allowed to have Google CEO Eric Schmidt gut-shot and left to bleed to death in the gutter, but I think the vast majority of people think that behaviour like that should be discouraged, no matter how much money that would make Microsoft. Unless you or I are specifically shareholders in Microsoft, we should not care about their specific success; and the government should be entirely agnostic about who are the winners and losers in an economy. We should certainly care that Microsoft be allowed to pursue their own success. The government should be agnostic about who the winners and losers are, but must respect each entity's right to attempt to be that winner. Certainly. Like any other entity, Microsoft is allowed to live it's life any way it sees fit, so long as it obeys the law. At the point it breaks the law, then, like any other legal person, Microsoft should be punished, by fines, prohibitions, seizure of property, and if need be, the death penalty. Or would you like to suggest that Microsoft's board of directors should be allowed carte blache to break any law, commit any deed, so long as it makes Microsoft money? The government's role should be to ensure a level playing field, and minimum levels of health, safety and environmental standards. There is no place for government giving special-interests like Microsoft favours. The problem is, people complain when the playing field is in fact level. For example, Microsoft's exclusionary Windows agreements didn't ask for more than Windows was worth (or nobody would have agreed to them). Yet they are considered examples of the playing field not being level. Microsoft's exclusively agreements -- no need for scare quotes -- gave people the choice, sign this agreement or go out of business. As such, they are as level a playing field as a thug demanding a restaurant pay insurance to him or lot of flammable goods in your kitchen, terrible if it were to burn down. Microsoft's behaviour was merely smoother, wearing an expensive suit, and written up in lots of legal language, but in effect it was no different: do what we want, or we'll put you out of business. Society regulates where and how we park our cars: for instance, none of us are allowed to park our car in the middle of busy road. and if we try, our car is likely to be impounded. This is not because there is anything in and of itself *wrong* with parking at such-and-such a place, but because of the effect it has on others. Umm, no. It's because the government owns the roads and operates them for the benefit of all. This analogy applies *only* to government property. Perhaps you should stop and think for a moment about privately owned toll roads. You, as a private individual, are not allowed to detonate a small nuclear warhead, even on your own property. The government prohibits you from carrying explosives on privately owned airplanes. I didn't notice the Bush government shrugging their shoulders and saying Hey, the World Trade Centre is private property, it is none of *our* business what people do to it a few years back. Perhaps you might say that it was none of the government's business, if private individuals wish to fly planes into privately owned buildings, but fortunately no government in the world agrees with you.
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 18:02:44 -0700, David Schwartz wrote: I see you are a totalitarianist or perhaps a communist. If you want to live in America and discuss things that are relevent to America, let me know. In other words, why don't you go back to Russia, you commie pinko fascist Jew Nazi. Mike Meyer has got just as much right to live in America as David Schwartz. Nice to see how quickly Americans' supposed love of freedom disappears once they are exposed to views that contradict their own. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python vs Ruby
Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Every line = more labour for the developer = more cost and time.
Every line = more places for bugs to exist = more cost and time.
There were studies done in the 70s that showed that programmers
produced the same number of debugged lines of code a day no matter
what language they used. So a language that lets you build the same
program with fewer lines of code will let you build the program in
less time.
Of course, these results only apply where the complexity (e.g., number
of operators, for example) in a single line of code is constant. There
is no complexity advantage to wrapping up code to take fewer LINES, as
such -- e.g., in Python:
for item in sequence: blaap(item)
or
for item in sequence:
blaap(item)
are EXACTLY as easy (or hard) to write, maintain, and document -- it's
totally irrelevant that the number of lines of code has doubled in the
second (more standard) layout of the code!-)
This effect is even more pronounced in languages which allow or
encourage more extreme variation in packing of code over lines; e.g.,
C, where
for(x=0; x23; x++) { a=seq[x]; zap(a); blup(a); flep(a); }
and
for(x=0;
x23;
x++)
{
a=seq[x];
zap(a);
blup(a);
flep(a);
}
are both commonly used styles -- the order of magnitude difference in
lines of code is totally illusory.
Alex
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Re: Question about inheritance...
KraftDiner wrote: This is what I've got so far: class Rect(Shape): def __init__(self): super(self.__class__, self).__init__() Should be super(Rect, self).__init__() def render(self): super(self.__class__, self).render() ditto In this example it doesn't make any difference but with a deeper inheritance hierachy it does. See http://www.python.org/2.2.3/descrintro.html#cooperation Kent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: C extension modules in Python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I'vre written an extension module to accelarate some code i've made in python with numarray. Then i compiled an linke d it with swig, my problem is that when i make the import in my python code it gives me an error: ImportError: libnumarray.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory does anyone know why this hapens and how can i solve it? It seems that the libnumarray.so (which your extension is probably trying to load) is not in a directory where your system will like loading it from. It's hard to say more without knowing about your system, and the way you've set things up for it in terms of loading of dynamic libraries (which IS a very system-dependent thing). Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: path
what is the differenc ebetween index and find in the module of string? for both find and index, I got the position of the letter. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
index and find
what is the difference between index and find in the module of string? for both find and index, I got the position of the letter. On 10/19/05, Shi Mu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have installed Python 2.3 and I type help() and then Keywords. I get a list of words. And it says that I can enter any of the words to get more help. I enter and and I get the following error message: Sorry, topic and keyword documentation is not available because the Python HTML documentation files could not be found. If you have installed them, please set the environment variable PYTHONDOCS to indicate their location. but I have set both the environment variable, with the path to be C:\Python23\Doc which includes python23.chm Why I still got the above error message? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: index and find
s = 'foobar'
s.find('z')
-1
s.index('z')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#32, line 1, in -toplevel-
s.index('z')
ValueError: substring not found
Pretty self explanatory.
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Re: path
Shi Mu wrote: what is the differenc ebetween index and find in the module of string? for both find and index, I got the position of the letter. import string help(string.find) Help on function find in module string: find(s, *args) find(s, sub [,start [,end]]) - in Return the lowest index in s where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. help(string.index) Help on function index in module string: index(s, *args) index(s, sub [,start [,end]]) - int Like find but raises ValueError when the substring is not found. -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM erikmaxfrancis I can't remember to forget you. -- Leonard Shelby -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
On Sun, 23 Oct 2005 11:46:53 +1000, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote or quoted : Or would you like to suggest that Microsoft's board of directors should be allowed carte blache to break any law, commit any deed, so long as it makes Microsoft money? Why should the standards of acceptable conduct be any lower for groups of people (namely corporations) than individuals? It would be like excusing bad behaviour based on other group memberships such as churches or gangs. -- Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green. http://mindprod.com Again taking new Java programming contracts. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: C extension modules in Python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I'vre written an extension module to accelarate some code i've made in python with numarray. Then i compiled an linke d it with swig, my problem is that when i make the import in my python code it gives me an error: ImportError: libnumarray.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory does anyone know why this hapens and how can i solve it? Are you using distutils to compile and link your extension? You should be. Are you trying to directly link against libnumarray.so (i.e. by passing the -lnumarray option to the linker)? You shouldn't be. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 14:54:24 -0400, Mike Meyer wrote: The string formatting is two orders of magnitude faster than the concatenation. The speed difference becomes even more obvious when you increase the number of strings being concatenated: The test isn't right - the addition test case includes the time to convert the number into a char, including taking a modulo. I wondered if anyone would pick up on that :-) You are correct, however that only adds a constant amount of time to the time it takes for each concatenation. That's why I talked about order of magnitude differences. If you look at the vast increase in time taken for concatenation when going from 10**5 to 10**6 iterations, that cannot be blamed on the char conversion. At least, that's what it looks like to me -- I'm perplexed by the *vast* increase in speed in your version, far more than I would have predicted from pulling out the char conversion. I can think of three possibilities: (1) Your PC is *hugely* faster than mine; (2) Your value of x is a lot smaller than I was using (you don't actually say what x you use); or (3) You are using a version and/or implementation of Python that has a different underlying implementation of string concatenation. I couldn't resist adding the .join idiom to this test: [snip code] tester(x) 0.0551731586456 0.0251281261444 0.0264830589294 tester(x) 0.0585241317749 0.0239250659943 0.0256059169769 tester(x) 0.0544500350952 0.0271301269531 0.0232360363007 The order of magnitude now falls to a factor of two. The original version of the test on my box also showed an order of magnitude difference, so this isn't an implementation difference. [snip] tester(x * 10) 1.22272014618 0.252701997757 0.27273607254 tester(x * 10) 1.21779584885 0.255345106125 0.242965936661 tester(x * 10) 1.25092792511 0.311630964279 0.241738080978 Looking just at the improved test of string concatenation, I get times about 0.02 second for n=10**4. For n=10**5, the time blows out to 2 seconds. For 10**6, it explodes through the roof to about 2800 seconds, or about 45 minutes, and for 10**7 I'm predicting it would take something of the order of 500 HOURS. In other words, yes the char conversion adds some time to the process, but for large numbers of iterations, it gets swamped by the time taken repeatedly copying chars over and over again. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
On Sat, 22 Oct 2005 21:41:58 +, Ron Adam wrote:
Don't forget a string can be sliced. In this case testing before you
leap is a win. ;-)
Not much of a win: only a factor of two, and unlikely to hold in all
cases. Imagine trying it on *really long* strings with the first space
close to the far end: the split-and-join algorithm has to walk the string
once, while your test-then-index algorithm has to walk it twice.
So for a mere factor of two benefit on short strings, I'd vote for the
less complex split-and-join version, although it is just a matter of
personal preference.
Guess again... Is this the results below what you were expecting?
Notice the join adds a space to the end if the source string is a single
word. But I allowed for that by adding one in the same case for the
index method.
The big win I was talking about was when no spaces are in the string.
The index can then just return the replacement.
These are relative percentages of time to each other. Smaller is better.
Type 1 = no spaces
Type 2 = space at 10% of length
Type 3 = space at 90% of length
Type: Length
Type 1: 10split/join: 317.38% index: 31.51%
Type 2: 10split/join: 212.02% index: 47.17%
Type 3: 10split/join: 186.33% index: 53.67%
Type 1: 100 split/join: 581.75% index: 17.19%
Type 2: 100 split/join: 306.25% index: 32.65%
Type 3: 100 split/join: 238.81% index: 41.87%
Type 1: 1000 split/join: 1909.40% index: 5.24%
Type 2: 1000 split/join: 892.02% index: 11.21%
Type 3: 1000 split/join: 515.44% index: 19.40%
Type 1: 1 split/join: 3390.22% index: 2.95%
Type 2: 1 split/join: 2263.21% index: 4.42%
Type 3: 1 split/join: 650.30% index: 15.38%
Type 1: 10split/join: 3342.08% index: 2.99%
Type 2: 10split/join: 1175.51% index: 8.51%
Type 3: 10split/join: 677.77% index: 14.75%
Type 1: 100 split/join: 3159.27% index: 3.17%
Type 2: 100 split/join: 867.39% index: 11.53%
Type 3: 100 split/join: 679.47% index: 14.72%
import time
def test(func, source):
t = time.clock()
n = 600/len(source)
s = ''
for i in xrange(n):
s = func(source, replace)
tt = time.clock()-t
return s, tt
def replace_word1(source, newword):
Replace the first word of source with newword.
return newword + + .join(source.split(None, 1)[1:])
def replace_word2(source, newword):
Replace the first word of source with newword.
if ' ' in source:
return newword + source[source.index(' '):]
return newword + ' ' # space needed to match join results
def makestrings(n):
s1 = 'abcdefghij' * (n//10)
i, j = n//10, n-n//10
s2 = s1[:i] + ' ' + s1[i:] + 'd.'# space near front
s3 = s1[:j] + ' ' + s1[j:] + 'd.'# space near end
return [s1,s2,s3]
for n in [10,100,1000,1,10,100]:
for sn,s in enumerate(makestrings(n)):
r1, t1 = test(replace_word1, s)
r2, t2 = test(replace_word2, s)
assert r1 == r2
print Type %i: %-8i split/join: %.2f%% index: %.2f%% \
% (sn+1, n, t1/t2*100.0, t2/t1*100.0)
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ANN: formulaic 0.1
I've been working on a form generation toolkit that integrates well
with FormEncode... its still under heavy development, of course, but
I've seen a lot of discussion of this topic on various mailing lists
over the past few days, and so wanted to get something out. Release
early and all that. So you can get it from
https://developer.berlios.de/project/showfiles.php?group_id=4967
There's a README with a tutorial in there, which is also provided as a
friendlier README.html. It requires FormEncode (I developed with
FormEncode 0.22, but I expect it will work with older versions).
Current features include default values, intelligent detection and
rendering of required fields, extensive facilities for customization
of the output markup, etc. Mainly, I've tried to make it easy to use.
I'm a Cherrypy guy, and so aimed it at use with that; it should be
perfectly usable with TurboGears too (although its largely orthagonal
to the (problematic) way that TurboGears currently encourages you to
use forms). Really, its usable with any framework that lets you access
form submissions as a python dict.
For a really quick intro, I've pasted the contents of a sample script
that uses formulaic below, along with the output that script would
produce.
Its nowhere remotely near finished, of course, but hopefully is at a a
point that it can be useful for real world work. Questions,
suggestions, etc. are extraordinarily welcome.
Greg
example.py
-
#!/usr/bin/python
from formencode import validators
from formencode.api import Invalid
from formulaic import forms
from formulaic import basicwidgets as widgets
form = forms.RequirementsForm()
form.attrs['id'] = 'myform'
form['age'] = widgets.TextInput(validators.Int(), 'Age')
form['age'].attrs = {'size':'4', 'maxlength':'3'}
colors = ['Red', 'Green', 'Blue']
form['favcolor'] = widgets.Select(validators.OneOf(colors), 'Favorite
color', options=colors)
form['pie'] = widgets.CheckboxInput(validators.Bool(), 'I like pie')
inputs = {'age':'ten', 'favcolor':'Green', 'pie':'checked'}
try:
data = form.schema.to_python(inputs)
print data
except Invalid, error:
print form.render(inputs, error.error_dict)
-
output:
form action= method=POST id=myform
label class=requiredAge/label
input type=text name=age value=ten/
span class=errorPlease enter an integer value/span
label class=requiredFavorite color/label
select type=text name=favcolor
option value=RedRed/option
option selected=selected value=GreenGreen/option
option value=BlueBlue/option
/select
labelI like pie/label
input type=text checked=checked name=pie/
input type=submit value=Submit/
/form
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IDE recommendation please
I'm new to Python but am wondering what IDE Python developers use? I use Mac OS X 10.4.2. I have PythonIDE which comes with MacPython but I don't think that has even rudimentary intellisense. Xcode and Eclipse don't seem to support Python out of the box. Suggestions for plugins for Eclipse would also be nice. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
wxpython - passing arg to wx.app OnInit
I have a wxPython app, conventionally structured with a Application class derived from wx.App. My problem is that the app accepts a command line argument that must be acted upon within the OnInit() method of the Application class. How do I pass it cleanly from main() into app.OnInit()? In the simplified example below, dbfn is the piece of info that is in main() that OnInit() needs to use. Is a global variable is the only way? :-( class Application (wx.App): def OnInit (self): oper = Operations (dbfn); frame = Frame (None, -1, Title, oper) self.SetTopWindow (frame) return True def main (): dbfn = sys.args[1] app = Application (redirect=0) app.MainLoop () Apologies if the answer is (or should be) obvious... this is my first time using wxWindows and I am still rather new to Python. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: IDE recommendation please
microsnot [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm new to Python but am wondering what IDE Python developers use? I use Mac OS X 10.4.2. I have PythonIDE which comes with MacPython but I don't think that has even rudimentary intellisense. Xcode and Eclipse don't seem to support Python out of the box. Suggestions for plugins for Eclipse would also be nice. On the Mac, I think the XCode integration you get with PyObjC is probably best. I know there are plugins for Eclipse but haven't tried any personally, so it's hard to make suggestions (I'm a dinosaur, and I prefer to develop with GVim + a command-line tool, such as Python's own interactive mode...). I'm not sure if BlackAdder (simplest and fastest to learn) and WingIDE (probably THE one most powerful Python IDE) work on the Mac (shame on me, as a Python AND Mac enthusiast, for not having tried them...), but they're surely worth investigating. Ditto for ActiveState's Komodo tool... Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to replace first word in string?
interesting. seems that if ' ' in source: is a highly optimized code
as it is even faster than if str.find(' ') != -1:' when I assume they
end up in the same C loops ?
Ron Adam wrote:
Guess again... Is this the results below what you were expecting?
Notice the join adds a space to the end if the source string is a single
word. But I allowed for that by adding one in the same case for the
index method.
The big win I was talking about was when no spaces are in the string.
The index can then just return the replacement.
These are relative percentages of time to each other. Smaller is better.
Type 1 = no spaces
Type 2 = space at 10% of length
Type 3 = space at 90% of length
Type: Length
Type 1: 10split/join: 317.38% index: 31.51%
Type 2: 10split/join: 212.02% index: 47.17%
Type 3: 10split/join: 186.33% index: 53.67%
Type 1: 100 split/join: 581.75% index: 17.19%
Type 2: 100 split/join: 306.25% index: 32.65%
Type 3: 100 split/join: 238.81% index: 41.87%
Type 1: 1000 split/join: 1909.40% index: 5.24%
Type 2: 1000 split/join: 892.02% index: 11.21%
Type 3: 1000 split/join: 515.44% index: 19.40%
Type 1: 1 split/join: 3390.22% index: 2.95%
Type 2: 1 split/join: 2263.21% index: 4.42%
Type 3: 1 split/join: 650.30% index: 15.38%
Type 1: 10split/join: 3342.08% index: 2.99%
Type 2: 10split/join: 1175.51% index: 8.51%
Type 3: 10split/join: 677.77% index: 14.75%
Type 1: 100 split/join: 3159.27% index: 3.17%
Type 2: 100 split/join: 867.39% index: 11.53%
Type 3: 100 split/join: 679.47% index: 14.72%
import time
def test(func, source):
t = time.clock()
n = 600/len(source)
s = ''
for i in xrange(n):
s = func(source, replace)
tt = time.clock()-t
return s, tt
def replace_word1(source, newword):
Replace the first word of source with newword.
return newword + + .join(source.split(None, 1)[1:])
def replace_word2(source, newword):
Replace the first word of source with newword.
if ' ' in source:
return newword + source[source.index(' '):]
return newword + ' ' # space needed to match join results
def makestrings(n):
s1 = 'abcdefghij' * (n//10)
i, j = n//10, n-n//10
s2 = s1[:i] + ' ' + s1[i:] + 'd.'# space near front
s3 = s1[:j] + ' ' + s1[j:] + 'd.'# space near end
return [s1,s2,s3]
for n in [10,100,1000,1,10,100]:
for sn,s in enumerate(makestrings(n)):
r1, t1 = test(replace_word1, s)
r2, t2 = test(replace_word2, s)
assert r1 == r2
print Type %i: %-8i split/join: %.2f%% index: %.2f%% \
% (sn+1, n, t1/t2*100.0, t2/t1*100.0)
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Hatred FAQ
David Schwartz [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Neither I, nor you, nor the government of any nation, should care a monkey's toss specifically for Microsoft's success. Microsoft is one special interest, out of a potentially unbounded number of possible players in the economy of a country and the world. No, not at all. It is the gravest act of self-contradiction to maintain that one should be allowed to pursue one's own interest while denying that same right to others. Not at all. No one is denying anyones right to purssue their own interest. What's being denied is the right to use illegal means to do so. If MS restricted themselves to legal means, no one would have a problem with them. The conclusion that the means were illegal is predicated on the definition of the relevent market as desktop operating systems for 32-bit x86 computers. Conduct is not illegal unless some law puts people on adequate notice that their conduct is illegal. What law put Microsoft on notice that the relevent market would be defined in the bizarre and almost nonsensical way? Not at all. The conclusion that the means were illegal was because *they worked*. If MS didn't have monopoly power, the people they were dealing with would have laughed at them. Unless you or I are specifically shareholders in Microsoft, we should not care about their specific success; and the government should be entirely agnostic about who are the winners and losers in an economy. We should certainly care that Microsoft be allowed to pursue their own success. The government should be agnostic about who the winners and losers are, but must respect each entity's right to attempt to be that winner. Nice thought. Unfortunately, the government doesn't work that way. They believe that a practical monopoly is a bad thing, and limit the things such a company can do, and have been known to disassemble companies they believe are harming the economy in general. In other words, they believe the rights of Microsoft to do what they please with what is theirs is subservient to some general obligation to help the economy as a whole. I am saying that Microsoft has no obligaiton to the economy as a whole but instead has an obligation to its stockholders. It would be the gravest dereliction of that obligation for Microsoft to sacrifice itself for some general benefit. You do like straw men, don't you? Nowhere in the what I said does the word help appear; you pulled it out of thin air, and what you said in general has *nothing* to do with what you quoted above. The statements don't contradict each other in any way, and both happen to be true. The government's role should be to ensure a level playing field, and minimum levels of health, safety and environmental standards. There is no place for government giving special-interests like Microsoft favours. The problem is, people complain when the playing field is in fact level. For example, Microsoft's exclusionary Windows agreements didn't ask for more than Windows was worth (or nobody would have agreed to them). Yet they are considered examples of the playing field not being level. No, they didn't ask for more than Windows were worth. They tilted the playing field against MS competitors by causing consumers to pay MS money for products they didn't receive. In most countries, taking money from unwilling victims without giving them anything in exchange is called theft. It is not theft if you can simply say no to the deal and all that happens is that you don't get the product. Your argument is preposterous. If you accept arguments that equate guns with arguments, the next step is that using a gun is a rational response to an argument one doesn't like. Oh wait, you're already there. Yup, we're there - and you brought us there, by referring to federal judges as criminals pointing guns. Of course, there are lots more straw men in this argument. I didn't mention guns at all - you manufactured that from nothing. Theft doesn't have to involve guns. Hell, it doesn't even have to involve the knowledge of the victim, which is the case here. Everyone buying a system from those that MS bullied paid for an MS OS, whether they got one or not, and wether they knew it or not - and MS got the money. They didn't even realize they were being robbed, so saying no was never an option. Microsoft's behaviour over-all has been just as anti-social, anti-competitive and harmful to the over-all running of the economy as a hypothetical Walmart or Safeway that regularly parked their trucks in the middle of the main road for a few hours while they unloaded. The problem is, the government does not own the economy. So it does not get to manage it the way it gets to manage the roads it in fact owns. Sorry, but you're wrong. The government *does* own the econnomy. If
Re: Question about inheritance...
KraftDiner wrote: Well here is a rough sketch of my code... This is giving my two problems. 1) TypeError: super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj 2) I want to be sure the the draw code calls the inherited classes outline and not its own... class Shape: def __init__(self): pass def render(self): print self.__class___ self.outline() def outline(self): pass class Rect(Shape): def __init__(self): super(self.__class__, self).__init__() def render(self): super(self.__class__, self).draw() def outline(self): print 'outline' + self.__class__ I think Alex probably answered your question. I'm still trying to figure out how use inheritance effectively myself. Are you using this as an way to learn Python or do you want to use Python to render images? What I'm trying to do in relation to this is to build a small subset of the SVG standard in tkinter. It looks like the SVG standard is going to be very popular graphic format on the web, hand held devices, and as a general graphics format. http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/ Python doesn't have good SVG support built in without importing a third party library, and the ones that are available need other libraries, etc... They don't really support using SVG directly in programs. So I'm experimenting with emplimenting some of the SVG functionality in Tkinter for drawing icons in dialog box's. It's an experiment at the moment, but I'd like to see it grow into something more. It doesn't need to be exactly like it, but the closer it is to the way the SVG standard works, the better. That would make it easier to use some 'simple' existing SVG images, and easier to create SVG files as well, as it closes the gap between the canvas object and the VGA standard. Anyway, I'm more than willing to get involved in a group to do this if anyone is interested and also thinks it may be worth while. Cheers, Ron -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
