SciPy Core (Numeric replacement) version 0.6.1 released
Background: Numeric is an add-on Python module that has seen widespread adoption. It enables Python to be used as a Scientific Computing Environment similar to MATLAB or IDL. Numeric was originally written nearly 10 years ago, and while still performing admirably, needed much updating to take advantage of the new features in Python and to remove old warts. SciPy Core 0.6.1 SciPy Core is a new system which builds on the code-base of Numeric, but implements features (such as advanced index-selection, and user-settable error modes). There are over 25 major new feature enhancements. The LICENSE is still a BSD style License---the same as old Numeric. More information can be found at the web-site: http://numeric.scipy.org PA HREF=http://numeric.scipy.org;SciPy Core 0.6.1/A - Replacement for Numeric Python. (12-Nov-05) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
ANN: FormEncode 0.3
I'm pleased to announce FormEncode 0.3. What is it? --- FormEncode is a package for form validation and conversion. It also includes modules for parsing, filling, and extracting metadata from HTML forms. It features robust conversion both of incoming and outgoing data, attention paid to helpful error messages, and a wide variety of pre-build validators. It also supports composition of validators, and validating structured data, including nested and repeating form elements. FormEncode is being used in several projects, including Subway, TurboGears, and SQLObject. Where is it? Website and docs: http://formencode.org Download: http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/FormEncode What has changed? - From the news file: * Allow errors to be inserted automatically into a form when using ``formencode.htmlfill``, when a ``form:error`` tag isn't found for an error. * Added ``if_key_missing`` attribute to ``schema.Schema``, which will fill in any keys that are missing and pass them to the validator. * ``FancyValidator`` has changed, adding ``if_invalid_python`` and ``validate_python`` options (which also apply to all subclasses). Also ``if_empty`` only applies to ``to_python`` conversions. * ``FancyValidator`` now has a ``strip`` option, which if true and if input is a string, will strip whitespace from the string. * Allow chained validators to validate otherwise-invalid forms, if they define a ``validate_partial`` method. The credit card validator does this. * Handle ``FieldStorage`` input (from file uploads); added a ``formencode.fieldstorage`` module to wrap those instances in something a bit nicer. Added ``validators.FieldStorageUploadConverter`` to make this conversion. * Added ``StringBoolean`` converter, which converts strings like ``true`` to Python booleans. Bugfixes * A couple fixes to ``DateConverter``, ``FieldsMatch``, ``StringBoolean``, ``CreditCardValidator``. * Added missing ``Validator.assert_string`` method. * ``formencode.htmlfill_schemabuilder`` handles checkboxes better. * Be a little more careful about how ``Invalid`` exceptions are created (catch some errors sooner). * Improved handling of non-string input in ``htmlfill``. Experiments ~~~ * Some experimental work in ``formencode.formgen``. Experimental, I say! * Added an experimental ``formencode.context`` module for dynamically-scoped variables. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
SciPy 0.4.3 released (built against 0.6.1 of scipy_core)
Background: Full scipy builds on top of scipy_core to provide many more tools for computational science and engineering. Included are tools for optimization, integration (including ode solvers), signal processing, sparse matrices, complete FFTs, complete linear algebra, statistical functions, input and output routines, interpolation, integration, and many special functions. SciPy 0.4.3 This version is the first release to build on top of the new scipy_core (v 0.6.1). The code is relatively stable, but there may be some lingering bugs from the transition from Numeric. Please report any errors you find. The LICENSE is a BSD style License---the same as scipy_core. More information can be found (some of which is dated) at http://www.scipy.org. The sourceforge site where it can be downloaded is http://sourceforge.net/projects/scipy. PA HREF=http://www.scipy.org;SciPy (full) 0.4.3/A - Extension modules for scipy_core (12-Nov-05) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
Re: Problem with __str__ if baseclass is list
Edward C. Jones wrote: #! /usr/bin/env python class A(list): def __init__(self, alist, n): list.__init__(self, alist) self.n = n def __str__(self): return 'AS(%s, %i)' % (list.__str__(self), self.n) def __repr__(self): return 'AR(%s, %i)' % (list.__repr__(self), self.n) a = A(['x', 'y'], 7) print 1, a print 2, repr(a) print 3, list.__str__(a) print 4, list.__repr__(a) The output is: 1 AS(AR(['x', 'y'], 7), 7) 2 AR(['x', 'y'], 7) 3 AR(['x', 'y'], 7) 4 ['x', 'y'] Why is list.__str__(a) == AR(['x', 'y'], 7)? Because it's coded like this: def __str__(self): return repr(self) That implies str(x) == repr(x), since you don't want that, don't call list.__str__ Note: The problem goes away if list.__str__(a) is replaced with list.__repr__(self). That's right. You *cannot* call list.__str__ because it contradicts design of class A -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: something wrong in wx
Robert [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: something wrong in wx I doubt it. I wrote program training na Artificial Neural Network. It work well in console mode, but when I try to add GUI there is an error: FANN Error 10: Error reading info from train data file zapis.txt, line: 2 How are you launching the GUI version? Are you double-clicking on an icon somewhere? Are you sure the application is starting in the correct directory -- the one that contains zapis.txt? Perhaps you should try hard-code the full path, or at least doing an os.chdir(). -- - Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Providenza Boekelheide, Inc. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: os.chown()
James Colannino [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hey everyone. I tried to use os.chown() in the following manner:
os.chown('filename', 'username', 'groupname')
I got an error, and when I googled for this function I realized that I
must pass the numerical uid and gid. My question is, is there a way for
me to change ownership based on the name instead of the number? Perhaps
there's a function that will let me lookup the uid from the username,
and the gid from the groupname?
One way is:
os.system( 'chown username:groupname filename')
Are you doing this as root? The chown function is usually restricted to
root.
--
- Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Providenza Boekelheide, Inc.
--
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Re: Inheritence Problem
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hello. I'm trying to mod an open source app called TinyERP and inherit
from a parent object, and in essence change how _column is defined. I
found sample code of:
Looks like Spot the differences puzzle to me. Hint: look at the
underscore characters.
class custom_product(osv.osv):
__inherits__ = product.product
__name__ = product.product
_columns = {
'color' : fields.many2one('color','Color'),
'size': fields.many2one('size','Size'),
}
custom_product()
...
class product_uom_categ(osv.osv):
_name = 'product.uom.categ'
_description = 'Product uom categ'
_columns = {
'name': fields.char('Name', size=64, required=True),
}
product_uom_categ()
--
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Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Ben Finney a écrit : Pierre Barbier de Reuille [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This proposal suggests to add symbols into Python. I still don't think symbol is particularly descriptive as a name; there are too many other things already in the language that might also be called a symbol. Well, that's the name in many languages. Then, probably all the things already in the language that might be called symbol may be implemented using the symbols in this proposal ... or maybe I don't see what you mean here ? [...] First, I think it would be best to have a syntax to represent symbols. I disagree. Namespaces would be fine, and would also make clear which values were related to each other; e.g. for your state of an object use case, it's useful to have all the states in one namespace, separate from unrelated states of other classes of objects. Adding some special char before the name is probably a good way to achieve that : $open, $close, ... are $ymbols. Counterproposal: FileState = SomeTypeDefiningStates( 'open', 'closed' ) thefile.state = FileState.open if thefile.state == FileState.closed: print File is closed So all that's needed here is the type SomeTypeDefiningStates, not a new syntax. The problem, IMHO, is that way you need to declare symbols beforehands, that's what I was trying to avoid by requiring a new syntax. One possible way to implement symbols is simply with integers resolved as much as possible at compile time. I believe all your requirements and motivations could be met with an Enum type in the language. Here's an implementation using a sequence of integers for the underlying values: First Class Enums in Python URL:http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/413486 An enumerated type would also allow values from that type to be compared with cmp() if their sequence was considered important. e.g. for object state, the normal sequence of states could be represented in the enumeration, and individual states compared to see if they are later that each other. If sequence was not considered important, of course, this feature would not get in the way. Well, I don't think enumarated objects ARE symbols. I can see two problems : 1 - in the implementation, trying to compare values from different groups raises an error instead of simply returning False (easy to fix ...) 2 - You have to declare these enumerable variables, which is not pythonic IMO (impossible to fix ... needs complete redesign) In the end, I really think symbols and enum are of different use, one of the interest un symbols being to let the compiler does what he wants (i.e. probably what is the most efficient). Thanks for your reply, Pierre -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: the button of cancel
Ben Bush wrote: When I click the button of cancel, I got the follwoing message. I want to see Goodbye on the console screen. What to do? KeyboardInterrupt: operation cancelled num = input( Enter a number between 1 and 100: ) while num 1 or num 100: print Oops, your input value (, num, ) is out of range. num = input( Be sure to enter a value between 1 and 100: ) you need to catch the exception, and print the message you want. try: ... your code ... except KeyboardInterrupt: print Goodbye! see chapter 8.3 in the tutorial for more info: http://docs.python.org/tut/node10.html /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Mike Meyer a écrit :
Pierre Barbier de Reuille [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
Please, note that I am entirely open for every points on this proposal
(which I do not dare yet to call PEP).
Abstract
[...]
Symbols are objects whose representation within the code is more
important than their actual value. Two symbols needs only to be
equally-comparable. Also, symbols need to be hashable to use as keys of
dictionary (symbols are immutable objects).
The values returned by object() meet this criteria. You could write
LISPs gensym as:
gensym = object
As you've indicated, there are a number of ways to get such
objects. If all you want is symbols, all that really needs to happen
is that one of those ways be blessed by including an implementation in
the distribution.
Well, I may rewrite the proposal, but one good thing to have is the
hability to go from symbol to string and the opposite (as written below)
and that is not really allowed by this implementation of symbols.
In LISP : Symbols are introduced by '. 'open is a symbol.
No, they're not. '(a b c) is *not* a symbol, it's a list. Symbols in
LISP are just names. open is a symbol, but it's normally evaluated.
The ' is syntax that keeps the next expression from being evaluated,
so that 'open gets you the symbol rather than it's value. Since
you're trying to introduce syntax, I think it's important to get
existing practice in other languages right.
You're right ! I was a bit quick here ... ' is a way to stop
evaluation and you may also write (quote open) for 'open.
Proposal
First, I think it would be best to have a syntax to represent symbols.
That's half the proposal.
Adding some special char before the name is probably a good way to
achieve that : $open, $close, ... are $ymbols.
$ has bad associations for me - and for others that came from an
earlier P-language. Also, I feel that using a magic character to
introduce type information doesn't feel very Pythonic.
While you don't make it clear, it seems obvious that you intend that
if $open occurs twice in the same scope, it should refer to the same
symbol. So you're using the syntax for a dual purpose. $name checks to
see if the symbol name exists, and references that if so. If not, it
creates a new symbol and with that name. Having something that looks
like a variables that instantiates upon reference instead of raising
an exception seems like a bad idea.
Well, that's why symbols are absolutely not variables. One good model
(IMO) is LISP symbols. Symbols are *values* and equality is not
depending on the way you obtained the symbol :
(eq (quote opened) 'opened)
On the range of symbols, I think they should be local to name space
(this point should be discussed as I see advantages and drawbacks for
both local and global symbols).
Agreed. Having one type that has different scoping rules than
everything else is definitely a bad idea.
There should be a way to go from strings to symbols and the other way
around. For that purpose, I propose:
assert symbol(opened) == $opened
assert str($opened) == opened
So the heart of your proposal seems to be twofold: The addition of
symbol as a type, and the syntax that has the lookup/create behavior
I described above.
Indeed !
Implementation
==
One possible way to implement symbols is simply with integers resolved
as much as possible at compile time.
What exactly are you proposing be resolved at compile time? How is
this better than using object, as illustratd above?
Suggested changes:
Provide a solid definition for the proposed builtin type symbol.
Something like:
symbol objects support two operations: is and equality
comparison. Two symbol objects compare equal if and only if
they are the same object, and symbol objects never compare
equal to any other type of object. The result of other
operations on a symbol object is undefined, and should raise
a TypeError exception.
symbol([value]) - creates a symbol object. Two distinct
calls to symbol will return two different symbol objects
unless the values passed to them as arguments are equal, in
which case they return the same symbol object. If symbol is
called without an argument, it returns a unique symbol.
Good definition to me !
I left the type of the value argument unspecified on purpose. Strings
are the obvious type, but I think it should be as unrestricted as
possible. The test on value is equality, not identity, because two
strings can be equal without being the same string, and we want that
case to give us the same symbol. I also added gensym-like behavior,
because it seemed useful. You could do without equality comparison,
but it seems like a nice thing to have.
Now propose a new syntax that means symbol, ala {} meaning dict
and [] meaning list.
Re: elementtree.ElemenTree barfs on my Safari Cookies file
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Safari stores its cookies in XML format. Looking to try and add support for it to cookielib I started by first trying to parse it with Fredrik Lundh's elementtree package. It complained about an invalid token. Looking at the spot it indicated in the file, I found a non-ASCII, but (as far as I can tell) perfectly valid utf-8 string. xml.dom.minidom gives the same error, so it's not a problem with elementtree in itself. the problematic tag contains: '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' which decodes to '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' which contains chr(1), which is an invalid XML character (at least in XML 1.0). that apple's tools are able to generate bogus XML is a known problem; for a discussion and some workarounds, see the Status of XML 1.1 processing in Python over at the xml-sig mailing list: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/xml-sig/2792071 /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to think like a computer scientist
john boy said unto the world upon 2005-11-11 22:25: Question for the following program: sec 5.5 def factorial (n): if n == 0: return 1 else: recurse = factorial (n-1) result = n * recurse return result How come whenever I state the function with n given a value it prints no results in the interpreter for EX: snip So instead I have to give a print command to make the result appear in the interpreter for EX: snip Is this correctshould I have to give a print command?? Hey, I assume you mean when you run it as a script; when I run it as the interactive prompt, I get output: IDLE 1.1.2 def factorial (n): if n == 0: return 1 else: recurse = factorial (n-1) result = n * recurse return result factorial(3) 6 In general, it would be bad if the interpreter decided to print everything you asked it to compute. The function returns the result of the factorial(n) call, and it is up to your code to decide what to do with it. If the only use is to print it, then print factorial(3) might be what you want. But it is also possible you'd want to store the result for further computation, and would find the print an unwanted 'feature'. So, important_for_later = factorial(some_num) Best, Brian vdB -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Pierre Barbier de Reuille [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
In LISP : Symbols are introduced by '. 'open is a symbol.
No, they're not. '(a b c) is *not* a symbol, it's a list. Symbols in
LISP are just names. open is a symbol, but it's normally evaluated.
The ' is syntax that keeps the next expression from being evaluated,
so that 'open gets you the symbol rather than it's value. Since
you're trying to introduce syntax, I think it's important to get
existing practice in other languages right.
You're right ! I was a bit quick here ... ' is a way to stop
evaluation and you may also write (quote open) for 'open.
Yup. Also notice that if you eval the symbol, you get any value that
happens to be bound to it. This is irrelevant for your purposes. But
the properties you're looking for are - in LISP, anyway -
implementation details of how it handles names.
While you don't make it clear, it seems obvious that you intend that
if $open occurs twice in the same scope, it should refer to the same
symbol. So you're using the syntax for a dual purpose. $name checks to
see if the symbol name exists, and references that if so. If not, it
creates a new symbol and with that name. Having something that looks
like a variables that instantiates upon reference instead of raising
an exception seems like a bad idea.
Well, that's why symbols are absolutely not variables.
If they aren't variables, they probably shouldn't *look* like
variables.
Provide a solid definition for the proposed builtin type symbol.
Something like:
symbol objects support two operations: is and equality
comparison. Two symbol objects compare equal if and only if
they are the same object, and symbol objects never compare
equal to any other type of object. The result of other
operations on a symbol object is undefined, and should raise
a TypeError exception.
symbol([value]) - creates a symbol object. Two distinct
calls to symbol will return two different symbol objects
unless the values passed to them as arguments are equal, in
which case they return the same symbol object. If symbol is
called without an argument, it returns a unique symbol.
Good definition to me !
Note that this definition doesn't capture the name-space semantics you
asked for - symbol(value) is defined to return the same symbol
everywhere it's called, so long as value is equal. This is probably a
good thing. Using the ability to have non-strings for value means you
can get this behavior by passing in something that's unique to the
namespace as part of value. Said something probably depends on the the
flavor of the namespace in question. This allows you to tailor the
namespace choice to your needs.
Also, since I'm allowing non-strings for value, just invoking str on
the symbol isn't really sufficient. Let's add an attribute 'value',
such that symbol(stuff).value is identical to stuff. I you want,
define symbol.__str__ as str(symbol.value) so that str(symbol(foo))
returns foo.
Well, maybe we should find some other way to express symbols. The only
thing I wanted was a way easy to write, avoiding the need to declare
symbols, and allowing the specification of the scope of the symbol. My
prefered syntax would be something like :
'opened, `opened or `opened`
However, none are usable in current Python.
Well, symbol('opened') solves the declaration issue, but it's not as
easy as you'd like.
Personally, I think that the LISP quote mechanism would be a better
addition as a new syntax, as it would handle needs that have caused a
number of different proposals to be raised. It would require that
symbol know about the internals of the implementation so that ?name
and symbol(name) return the same object, and possibly exposing said
object to the programmer. And this is why the distinction about how
LISP acts is important.
Maybe, although I may say I cannot see clearly how LISP quote mechanism
translates into Python.
It compiles the quoted expression and returns a code object. I'd love
to recycle backquotes so that `expr` means
compile(expr, 'quoted-expr', 'eval'), but that won't happen anytime soon.
Hmm. You know, $symbol$ doesn't seem nearly as bad as $symbol. It
tickles TeX, not P***. I could live with that.
Like I said, the tricky part of doing this is getting `symbol` to have
the semantics you want. If you compile the same string twice, you get
two different code objects, though they compare equal, and the
variable names in co_names are the same strings. Maybe equality is
sufficient, and you don't need identity.
mike
--
Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/
Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information.
--
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Want to perform unattended installation of SW using python
Hi, I'm trying to automate an installation of some SW that is installed on Windows (you know - 'Start' == 'Next' == 'Next' == 'Finish' kind of installation). Is ther any way to perform that using python? Thank you. tommy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: tutorial example?????
john boy said unto the world upon 2005-11-12 19:43: OK...I have the following program i = 1 while i = 6: print 2 * i,' ', i = i + 1 print this is supposed to give you a new blank line after the program runs instead it just gives: 2 4 6 8 10 12 instead of: 2 4 6 8 10 12 to get the above return I have to type in print twice,this can't be right?..ANY SUGGESTIONS? i = 1while i = 6: print 2 * i,' ', i = i + 1 print print IDLE 1.1.2 def as_excepted(): print The trailing comma makes the next print be , print on the same line as this one as_excepted() The trailing comma makes the next print be on the same line as this one Try putting a string behind the print statement that appears not to be doing anything, and you will see that it is. The first print is needed to clear out of the looped print's comma. If you don't like the repetition, you could: def one_way(): for i in range(3): print i, print '\n' # Explicitly request newline one_way() 0 1 2 Best, Brian vdB -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Mike Meyer a écrit :
Pierre Barbier de Reuille [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
While you don't make it clear, it seems obvious that you intend that
if $open occurs twice in the same scope, it should refer to the same
symbol. So you're using the syntax for a dual purpose. $name checks to
see if the symbol name exists, and references that if so. If not, it
creates a new symbol and with that name. Having something that looks
like a variables that instantiates upon reference instead of raising
an exception seems like a bad idea.
Well, that's why symbols are absolutely not variables.
If they aren't variables, they probably shouldn't *look* like
variables.
Yes, that's why we should find some way to express that.
Provide a solid definition for the proposed builtin type symbol.
Something like:
symbol objects support two operations: is and equality
comparison. Two symbol objects compare equal if and only if
they are the same object, and symbol objects never compare
equal to any other type of object. The result of other
operations on a symbol object is undefined, and should raise
a TypeError exception.
symbol([value]) - creates a symbol object. Two distinct
calls to symbol will return two different symbol objects
unless the values passed to them as arguments are equal, in
which case they return the same symbol object. If symbol is
called without an argument, it returns a unique symbol.
Good definition to me !
Note that this definition doesn't capture the name-space semantics you
asked for - symbol(value) is defined to return the same symbol
everywhere it's called, so long as value is equal. This is probably a
good thing. Using the ability to have non-strings for value means you
can get this behavior by passing in something that's unique to the
namespace as part of value. Said something probably depends on the the
flavor of the namespace in question. This allows you to tailor the
namespace choice to your needs.
Very interesting ... that way we could get global AND local symbols ...
I like it !
Also, since I'm allowing non-strings for value, just invoking str on
the symbol isn't really sufficient. Let's add an attribute 'value',
such that symbol(stuff).value is identical to stuff. I you want,
define symbol.__str__ as str(symbol.value) so that str(symbol(foo))
returns foo.
Well, maybe we should find some other way to express symbols. The only
thing I wanted was a way easy to write, avoiding the need to declare
symbols, and allowing the specification of the scope of the symbol. My
prefered syntax would be something like :
'opened, `opened or `opened`
However, none are usable in current Python.
Well, symbol('opened') solves the declaration issue, but it's not as
easy as you'd like.
Personally, I think that the LISP quote mechanism would be a better
addition as a new syntax, as it would handle needs that have caused a
number of different proposals to be raised. It would require that
symbol know about the internals of the implementation so that ?name
and symbol(name) return the same object, and possibly exposing said
object to the programmer. And this is why the distinction about how
LISP acts is important.
Maybe, although I may say I cannot see clearly how LISP quote mechanism
translates into Python.
It compiles the quoted expression and returns a code object. I'd love
to recycle backquotes so that `expr` means
compile(expr, 'quoted-expr', 'eval'), but that won't happen anytime soon.
Hmm. You know, $symbol$ doesn't seem nearly as bad as $symbol. It
tickles TeX, not P***. I could live with that.
Yep, I like this $symbol$ notation ! It could me equivalent to :
symbol( symbol )
And $object.symbol$ could translate into :
symbol( (object, symbol) )
Like I said, the tricky part of doing this is getting `symbol` to have
the semantics you want. If you compile the same string twice, you get
two different code objects, though they compare equal, and the
variable names in co_names are the same strings. Maybe equality is
sufficient, and you don't need identity.
mike
Yep, that's something I always found strange but I think this is for
optimization reasons. However, with symbols the problem is quite
different and we can take some time to ensure there are never two same
objects with different ids ... then, we can also garanty only the use of
== and not of is ...
Pierre
--
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Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 10:11:04 +0100, Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote: The problem, IMHO, is that way you need to declare symbols beforehands, that's what I was trying to avoid by requiring a new syntax. ??? If you don't declare your symbols, how will you get the ones that you want? I don't understand why it is a problem to declare them first, and if it is a problem, what your solution would be. [snip] Well, I don't think enumarated objects ARE symbols. I can see two problems : 1 - in the implementation, trying to compare values from different groups raises an error instead of simply returning False (easy to fix ...) As you say, that's easy to fix. 2 - You have to declare these enumerable variables, which is not pythonic IMO (impossible to fix ... needs complete redesign) Are you suggesting that the Python language designers should somehow predict every possible symbol that anyone in the world might ever need, and build them into the language as predefined things? If that is not what you mean, can you explain please, because I'm confused. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Want to perform unattended installation of SW using python
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 02:57:04 -0800, 28tommy wrote: Hi, I'm trying to automate an installation of some SW that is installed on Windows (you know - 'Start' == 'Next' == 'Next' == 'Finish' kind of installation). Is ther any way to perform that using python? Quick answer is yes, very much so. What /can't/ you do in python? :) I presume that by 'start - next - next' you're referring to 'installation wizards'. You can write those in python, using any of the available GUI programming libraries, such as Tkinter, wxPython, PyFLTK, FoxPY, PyQt or whatever appeals. PyFLTK and wxPython have Wizard widgets built in, and quite likely PyQt does as well. -- Cheers aum -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: JAPH
Szabolcs Nagy wrote: charset, modulo, japh = .JPacehknorstuy, 17, s = 69859911049503515105680510599913390885187193231927247909305172858127641629 for n in xrange(2,): if s%n==0: japh += charset[(n - 1) % modulo] s /= n if s==1: break print japh More pythonic: print Just another Python hacker. :-) Michael. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Want to perform unattended installation of SW using python
Hi, first of all- thanks for the quick answer. You presumed correctly, but unfortunately, I Don't have control of the preparation process of the package, so I get it as is. I just need to answer it's questions on each screen of the wizard... 10x again tommy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Want to perform unattended installation of SW using python
28tommy wrote: I'm trying to automate an installation of some SW that is installed on Windows (you know - 'Start' == 'Next' == 'Next' == 'Finish' kind of installation). Is ther any way to perform that using python? While that is possible in Python, it is very tedious to do: you essentially have to generate mouse clicks for the application, using the Win32 API. Most packaging tools provide some support for unattended installation, so I would rather research what options to pass to the installer to make it non-interactive. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Steven D'Aprano a écrit : On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 10:11:04 +0100, Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote: The problem, IMHO, is that way you need to declare symbols beforehands, that's what I was trying to avoid by requiring a new syntax. ??? If you don't declare your symbols, how will you get the ones that you want? I don't understand why it is a problem to declare them first, and if it is a problem, what your solution would be. Well, just as Python do not need variable declaration, you can just *use* them ... in dynamic languages using symbols, they just get created when used (i.e. have a look at LISP or Ruby). [snip] Well, I don't think enumarated objects ARE symbols. I can see two problems : 1 - in the implementation, trying to compare values from different groups raises an error instead of simply returning False (easy to fix ...) As you say, that's easy to fix. 2 - You have to declare these enumerable variables, which is not pythonic IMO (impossible to fix ... needs complete redesign) Are you suggesting that the Python language designers should somehow predict every possible symbol that anyone in the world might ever need, and build them into the language as predefined things? If that is not what you mean, can you explain please, because I'm confused. Well, the best I can propose is for you to read the discussion with Mike Meyer. He pointer out the flaws in my proposal and we're trying to precise things. Pierre -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Want to perform unattended installation of SW using python
Use AutoIt3 for it and be happy: http://www.autoitscript.com/autoit3/. And if you need Python to be involved in this process, just write out the AutoIt script from Python and then run the AutoIt script from Python, what makes you twice that happy. If you want, you can reinvent the wheel using Python ctypes and the Win32 API, but what for, if AutoIt is already there and has done it all in an excellent way? Claudio 28tommy [EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb im Newsbeitrag news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, first of all- thanks for the quick answer. You presumed correctly, but unfortunately, I Don't have control of the preparation process of the package, so I get it as is. I just need to answer it's questions on each screen of the wizard... 10x again tommy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
about python ide
i am use python2.4.2 on my gentoo linux system i want to find some ide of python but i am using gtk2.8,wxPython has some bug on it.i cant emerge it correctly. i want some ide use pygtk or other lib of python gui except wxpython(wxWidgets) thx -- /** * Love in Gentoo-Linux C and Python * Look at my blog * http://poorc.wordpress.com **/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a built-in method for transforming (1,None,Hello!) to 1,None,Hello!?
Hello, Daniel Crespo wrote: Is there a built-in method for transforming (1,None,Hello!) to 1,None,Hello!? As others answered before, the two syntaxes build the same object, so there is no need to convert. Except if you already have the tuple stored in a variable, and want to call a function with the tree arguments: args = (1,None,Hello!) func(args) # equivalent to func((1,None,Hello!)) func(*args) # equivalent to func(1,None,Hello!) Note the '*' on the second call, it will flatten the args, and 3 arguments are passed to the function. -- Amaury -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python and Lotus Notes
I would like to interact with Lotus Notes. I wrote following:
from win32com.client.dynamic import Dispatch
ln=Dispatch('Lotus.Notessession')
then, following exception come out:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File interactive input, line 1, in ?
File C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py, line
98, in Dispatch
IDispatch, userName =
_GetGoodDispatchAndUserName(IDispatch,userName,clsctx)
File C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py, line
91, in _GetGoodDispatchAndUserName
return (_GetGoodDispatch(IDispatch, clsctx), userName)
File C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py, line
79, in _GetGoodDispatch
IDispatch = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(IDispatch, None, clsctx,
pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)
com_error: (-2147221005, 'Invalid class string', None, None)
I searched google, above code lines should be ok, but really don't know
how the exception come out. Could this be resolved? Thanks.
--
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Re: Multikey Dict?
David Rasmussen wrote:
If I have a collection of dicts like:
john = {'id': 1, 'name': John Cleese, 'year': 1939}
graham = {'id': 2, 'name': Graham Chapman, 'year': 1941}
If these are all like that, I prefer:
john = dict(id=1, name=John Cleese, year=1939}
graham = dict{id-2, name=Graham Chapman, year=1941}
--Scott David Daniels
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
--
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Re: How to avoid f.close (no parens) bug?
o wrote: plez send me First off, please explain what you are talking about better next time. Second, What on earth are you talking about? f is a file object, correct? Are you trying to close a file by typing f.close or is the file closing when you type f.close? If you are trying to close a file with f.close without parenthasies, then i _realy_ hope that this did not work, as f.close is nothing but a class method and should be treated like one except when called. You may want to check out the Python tutorial at python.org http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html HTH, Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: about python ide
赵光 wrote: i am use python2.4.2 on my gentoo linux system i want to find some ide of python but i am using gtk2.8,wxPython has some bug on it.i cant emerge it correctly. i want some ide use pygtk or other lib of python gui except wxpython(wxWidgets) Take astab at eric3. Uses Qt + PyQt Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help make it faster please
Bengt Richter enlightened us with: I meant somestring.split() just like that -- without a splitter argument. My suspicion remains ;-) Mine too ;-) Sybren -- The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself? Frank Zappa -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 10:11:04 +0100, Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote: The problem, IMHO, is that way you need to declare symbols beforehands, that's what I was trying to avoid by requiring a new syntax. If you don't declare your symbols, how will you get the ones that you want? [...] Are you suggesting that the Python language designers should somehow predict every possible symbol that anyone in the world might ever need, and build them into the language as predefined things? I believe Pierre is looking for a syntax that will save him from assigning values to names; that Python will simply assign arbitrary unique values for these special names. My understanding of the intended use is that their only purpose is to compare differently to other objects of the same type, so the actual values don't matter. What I still don't understand is why this justifies additional syntax baggage in the language, rather than an explicit assignment earlier in the code. -- \ Smoking cures weight problems. Eventually. -- Steven Wright | `\ | _o__) | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
want some python ide
i want some python ide use pygtk eric3 is good for me ,but i like gtk,so i want some pygtk ide look like eric3 wing is a good python ide,but i can not download it some other python ide(must use pygtk) thx -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to think like a computer scientist
Brian van den Broek wrote: john boy said unto the world upon 2005-11-11 22:25: Question for the following program: sec 5.5 def factorial (n): if n == 0: return 1 else: recurse = factorial (n-1) result = n * recurse return result How come whenever I state the function with n given a value it prints no results in the interpreter for EX: snip So instead I have to give a print command to make the result appear in the interpreter for EX: snip Is this correctshould I have to give a print command?? Hey, I assume you mean when you run it as a script; when I run it as the interactive prompt, I get output: IDLE 1.1.2 def factorial (n): if n == 0: return 1 else: recurse = factorial (n-1) result = n * recurse return result factorial(3) 6 In general, it would be bad if the interpreter decided to print everything you asked it to compute. The function returns the result of the factorial(n) call, and it is up to your code to decide what to do with it. If the only use is to print it, then print factorial(3) might be what you want. But it is also possible you'd want to store the result for further computation, and would find the print an unwanted 'feature'. So, important_for_later = factorial(some_num) Best, Brian vdB Looks OK to me, prints 120. Could be a little simpler: def factorial (n): if n == 0: return 1 else: return n * factorial (n-1) print factorial(5) Colin W. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to avoid f.close (no parens) bug?
On Thu, 2 Nov 2006 23:56:22 +0200, o wrote plez send me Please tell us what bug you're talking about: A) Python closed the file but you expected it not to. B) Python didn't close the file but you expected it to. C) Python didn't warn you when you wrote f.close instead of f.close(). D) Something else. Please elaborate by giving us a code example, a description of what you expected to happen, and a description of what happened instead. Best regards, Carsten Haese. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: want some python ide
wingide is good for me but i cant down load it i download from http://wingware.com/pub/wingide-personal/2.0.4/wingide-personal-2.0.4-1-i386-linux.tar.gz but it stop at 7% who can help me thx -- /** * Love in Gentoo-Linux C and Python * Look at my blog * http://poorc.wordpress.com **/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ANNOUNCE: twill v0.7.4, Web testing language.
ANNOUNCING twill v0.7.4. twill is a simple Web scripting language built on top of Python and John J. Lee's 'mechanize'. It's designed for automated testing of Web sites, but it should prove useful for anybody who needs to interact with Web sites (especially those using logins and cookies) on the command line or via a script. twill can also now be used for stress-testing and benchmarking of complex sites via the twill-fork script. twill is a reimplementation of Cory Dodt's PBP. A twill script looks like this: # go to the /. login page go http://slashdot.org/login.pl # fill in the form fv 1 unickname test fv 1 upasswd test submit # ok, there's no such account ;). show error HTML. show --- This is the fifth public release of twill, version 0.7.4. (Tagline: many bugs fixed, nose-based unit tests now work.) Download directly here: http://darcs.idyll.org/~t/projects/twill-0.7.4.tar.gz Documentation is online at http://www.idyll.org/~t/www-tools/twill.html --- Miscellaneous details: twill is implemented in Python and uses pyparsing and mechanize. In addition to the existing simple command language, twill can easily be extended with Python. twill also provides a fairly simple and well-documented wrapper around mechanize. twill scripts can be recorded with maxq, although scripts may require some hand tweaking at the moment. See the twill documentation for more information. twill does not understand JavaScript, I'm sorry to say. --- Notable bug fixes and features: * better error handling display; * many, many browsing bugs fixed; * new 'url', 'exit', 'showlinks', 'title', 'config' and 'agent' commands; * 'nose' unit tests and unit-test support infrastructure; c.f. http://www.idyll.org/~t/www-tools/twill.html#unit-testing Thanks go to Tommi Virtanen, James Cameron, sureshvv, William Volkman, and Mike Rovner for patches and bug reports. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[ANNOUNCE] gmpy 1.1 beta released
See http://gmpy.sourceforge.net/ for details.
What is it: a wrapper for the GMP 4 library (http://swox.com/gmp/), to
provide multi-precision arithmetic for Python. Multi-precision floats,
and unbounded-precision rationals, are not present in stock Python;
multi-precision integers ('long') are, but gmpy's version of
multi-precision integers is faster for some operations, and provides
lots of nifty pre-packaged additional functions.
Minor changes and bug-fixes since the latest 1.0 alpha: support for the
latest versions of GMP and Python, particularly on the Mac (whose gmp 4
is pickier...). Windows binary releases are now installer-exe's,
support Python 2.3 and 2.4, and (thanks to enhancements in the
underlying GMP) are faster than the previous Windows binary releases of
gmpy (so is the source release, on any platform, if you build it with
the latest and greatest GMP).
This release has no known bugs (the scan0/scan1 bug that used to be
present in Windows binary releases, as predicted, has disappeared
without needing any changes to gmpy, thanks to bug fixes in GMP; the
divm function's bugs, that were gmpy's responsibility, are now fixed).
Alex
--
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Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 12:33:48 +0100, Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote: Steven D'Aprano a écrit : On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 10:11:04 +0100, Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote: The problem, IMHO, is that way you need to declare symbols beforehands, that's what I was trying to avoid by requiring a new syntax. ??? If you don't declare your symbols, how will you get the ones that you want? I don't understand why it is a problem to declare them first, and if it is a problem, what your solution would be. Well, just as Python do not need variable declaration, you can just *use* them ... in dynamic languages using symbols, they just get created when used (i.e. have a look at LISP or Ruby). If you want to be technical, Python doesn't have variables. It has names and objects. If I want a name x to be bound to an object 1, I have to define it (actually bind the name to the object): x = 1 If I want a symbol $x$ (horrible syntax!!!) with a value 1, why shouldn't I define it using: $x$ = 1 instead of expecting Python to somehow magically know that I wanted it? What if somebody else wanted the symbol $x$ to have the value 2 instead? [snip] Well, I don't think enumarated objects ARE symbols. I can see two problems : 1 - in the implementation, trying to compare values from different groups raises an error instead of simply returning False (easy to fix ...) As you say, that's easy to fix. 2 - You have to declare these enumerable variables, which is not pythonic IMO (impossible to fix ... needs complete redesign) Are you suggesting that the Python language designers should somehow predict every possible symbol that anyone in the world might ever need, and build them into the language as predefined things? If that is not what you mean, can you explain please, because I'm confused. Well, the best I can propose is for you to read the discussion with Mike Meyer. He pointer out the flaws in my proposal and we're trying to precise things. I've read the discussion, and I am no wiser. You haven't explained why enums are not suitable to be used for symbols. You gave two problems, one of which was easy to fix, as you said yourself, and the other reason was that you don't want to define enums as symbols. If you don't want to define something manually, that can only mean that you expect them to be predefined. Or am I misunderstanding something? -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Ben Finney a écrit :
Pierre Barbier de Reuille [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Mike Meyer a écrit :
Hmm. You know, $symbol$ doesn't seem nearly as bad as $symbol. It
tickles TeX, not P***. I could live with that.
Yep, I like this $symbol$ notation !
Gets a big -1 here.
I've yet to see a convincing argument against simply assigning values
to names, then using those names.
I can see three interests :
1 - ensure values are unique (i.e. a bit like using instances of object)
2 - values are meaningful (i.e. with introspection on the values you get
a human-readable value, unlike with instances of object)
3 - getting an *easy* access to those two properties
1 and 2 require a new type, 3 a new syntax (IMO).
Here's a try for the symbol class :
class symbol(object):
def __init__(self, value):
self._value = value
def _get_value(self):
return self._value
value = property(_get_value)
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.value == other.value
def __str__(self):
return str(self.value)
def __repr__(self):
return symbol(%s) % (repr(self.value),)
One thing to do would be to return the same object for symbols with the
same value (when possible ...).
For example, if we limit symbol to hashable types, we can implement
something which can be tested with is instead of ==:
class symbol(object):
_cache = {}
def __new__(cls, value):
if value in symbol._cache:
return symbol._cache[value]
self = object.__new__(cls)
self._value = value
symbol._cache[value] = self
return self
def _get_value(self):
return self._value
value = property(_get_value)
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.value == other.value
def __str__(self):
return str(self.value)
def __repr__(self):
return symbol(%s) % (repr(self.value),)
Then, as I suggested, you can do something like :
a = symbol((file, opened))
But it's less readable than $file.opened$ (or something similar).
Pierre
--
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Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Ben Finney [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I've yet to see a convincing argument against simply assigning values to names, then using those names. The problem with that is that you can't pass around the names of objects that are used for other things. Obviously they make enums unnecessary, but only people damaged by non-dynamic languages could think that's the main point. ;-) Being able to do that precludes the need for converting going back and forth between strings and method names when you need to do things like keeping a list of function names, even when you need to be able to change what those function names point to. Python doesn't really need to introduce a new type to do this. It's already there, as what we usually just call names. Probably this discussion would benefit from talking about names rather than symbols, as that seems to confuse some people. So, Python already has symbols. What we need is a way to refer to these symbols explicitly. I would suggest to do it like in Lisp: quote(spam) Of course, this would preferably be implemented so that it doesn't just work on simple names: quote(spam(eggs)) I syntactic sugar, like ' in Lisp, could be introduced later, but I don't think that would be strictly necessary. -- Björn Lindström [EMAIL PROTECTED] Student of computational linguistics, Uppsala University, Sweden -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
On Mon, 14 Nov 2005 00:48:46 +1100, Ben Finney wrote:
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 10:11:04 +0100, Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote:
The problem, IMHO, is that way you need to declare symbols
beforehands, that's what I was trying to avoid by requiring a new
syntax.
If you don't declare your symbols, how will you get the ones that
you want?
[...]
Are you suggesting that the Python language designers should somehow
predict every possible symbol that anyone in the world might ever
need, and build them into the language as predefined things?
I believe Pierre is looking for a syntax that will save him from
assigning values to names; that Python will simply assign arbitrary
unique values for these special names. My understanding of the
intended use is that their only purpose is to compare differently to
other objects of the same type, so the actual values don't matter.
Unless I've misunderstood something, it would be easy to modify the recipe
given here to do something like that:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/413486
The example code does this:
Days = Enum('Mo', 'Tu', 'We', 'Th', 'Fr', 'Sa', 'Su')
print Days.Mo, Days.Tu
# etc.
What I still don't understand is why this justifies additional syntax
baggage in the language, rather than an explicit assignment earlier in
the code.
The only advantage would be if you want to do something like this:
MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU = Symbols()
and have it magically work. I can see the advantage of that, and you don't
even need new syntax, just a magic function that somehow knows how many
names are on the left hand side of the assignment.
This is a poor substitute:
MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU = range(7)
Firstly, if you change the number of symbol names, you have to manually
adjust the argument to range. Secondly, your symbols are actually ints,
and so will compare the same way ints compare.
I don't know enough about the Python internals to tell: is there any
feasible way for there to be a magic function like Symbol above that knew
how many names were waiting for it to be supplied? If there is no way to
do this from Python itself, it is possible to patch the compiler to do so?
--
Steven.
--
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Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Steven D'Aprano a écrit : On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 12:33:48 +0100, Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote: Steven D'Aprano a écrit : [...] If you want to be technical, Python doesn't have variables. It has names and objects. If I want a name x to be bound to an object 1, I have to define it (actually bind the name to the object): x = 1 If I want a symbol $x$ (horrible syntax!!!) with a value 1, why shouldn't I define it using: $x$ = 1 instead of expecting Python to somehow magically know that I wanted it? What if somebody else wanted the symbol $x$ to have the value 2 instead? Well, as stated, I don't care about the actual value of symbols. They *are* values. A trivial implementation of symbols are strings : $x$ = x However, that won't fit because of the scope, because it would be great to use is instead of == (even if not necessary), and as said Mike, you might want something else than a string. That's why `x` would be a good wawy to write that. [snip] I've read the discussion, and I am no wiser. You haven't explained why enums are not suitable to be used for symbols. You gave two problems, one of which was easy to fix, as you said yourself, and the other reason was that you don't want to define enums as symbols. If you don't want to define something manually, that can only mean that you expect them to be predefined. Or am I misunderstanding something? Well, I suspect Python will know them, exactly as it know without defining it that foo is the string with chars f, o, o, that 3 is the number 3, that [1,2] is the list with 1 and 2, ... However, to get quicker, symbols could be created at compile-time when possible (like variables). The fact is, symbols allow compilation optimisations that you cannot get with regular types, because the language is completely free about their representations. Then, to the programmer it is a good way to have a meaningful value without caring about how to represent it in the computer. That way, while debugging, if I ask the value of file.state I will get something I can read instead of some meaningless integer or other anonymous object. So I gain in readability of my code and in debugging capacity. Pierre -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Björn Lindström a écrit : Ben Finney [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I've yet to see a convincing argument against simply assigning values to names, then using those names. The problem with that is that you can't pass around the names of objects that are used for other things. Obviously they make enums unnecessary, but only people damaged by non-dynamic languages could think that's the main point. ;-) Being able to do that precludes the need for converting going back and forth between strings and method names when you need to do things like keeping a list of function names, even when you need to be able to change what those function names point to. Python doesn't really need to introduce a new type to do this. It's already there, as what we usually just call names. Probably this discussion would benefit from talking about names rather than symbols, as that seems to confuse some people. So, Python already has symbols. What we need is a way to refer to these symbols explicitly. I would suggest to do it like in Lisp: quote(spam) Of course, this would preferably be implemented so that it doesn't just work on simple names: quote(spam(eggs)) I syntactic sugar, like ' in Lisp, could be introduced later, but I don't think that would be strictly necessary. Well, if this already exists in Python's internals, then, it would be great just to expose them. Now, just being able to write : quote(spam) quote(spam) requires a new syntax so that spam is not resolved *before* calling the quote method. Pierre -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: elementtree.ElemenTree barfs on my Safari Cookies file
Fredrik that apple's tools are able to generate bogus XML is a known Fredrik problem; for a discussion and some workarounds, see the Status Fredrik of XML 1.1 processing in Python over at the xml-sig mailing Fredrik list: Fredrik http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/xml-sig/2792071 Thanks much. Your SgmlopXMLTreeBuilder module came to the rescue. Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: want some python ide
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: i want some python ide use pygtk eric3 is good for me ,but i like gtk,so i want some pygtk ide look like eric3 wing is a good python ide,but i can not download it some other python ide(must use pygtk) thx You can just use a text editor like jedit with gazpacho or glade http://gazpacho.sicem.biz/ They are not as easy to use at QT Designer though for building interfaces. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to avoid f.close (no parens) bug?
Carsten Haese wrote: On Thu, 2 Nov 2006 23:56:22 +0200, o wrote plez send me Please tell us what bug you're talking about: A) Python closed the file but you expected it not to. B) Python didn't close the file but you expected it to. C) Python didn't warn you when you wrote f.close instead of f.close(). D) Something else. Please elaborate by giving us a code example, a description of what you expected to happen, and a description of what happened instead. It is certainly B C. It is a common issue. There is no way to avoid it unless you learn how to avoid it. Other than that, PyChecker may help find this kind of error. Over a year ago Guido said he wanted to include pychecker with python but it still hasn't happened, so you can download it from here: http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: about python ide
?? wrote: i am use python2.4.2 on my gentoo linux system i want to find some ide of python but i am using gtk2.8,wxPython has some bug on it.i cant emerge it correctly. i want some ide use pygtk or other lib of python gui except wxpython(wxWidgets) Try Gazpacho or Glade for designing your user interfaces: http://gazpacho.sicem.biz/ and here is an IDE called Pida: http://pida.berlios.de/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterator addition
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Tom Anderson: And we're halfway to looking like perl already! Perhaps a more pythonic thing would be to define a then operator: all_lines = file1 then file2 then file3 Or a chain one: all_lines = file1 chain file2 chain file3 That's certainly not better than the chain() function. Introducing new operators for just one application is not pythonic. Reinhold -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
splitting Tkinter gui into several files
My Tkinter app's gui file grew to the point that i wanted to split it into several files: menus.py, mainFrame,py, buttons.py, etc. Of course, when i moved the menu code into its own file, then did import menus in the main gui file, it died because of references in the menus file to stuff in the main gui file. What's the right way, or the cleanest way, to split up my main gui file into its several conceptual component files? tia, Eric -- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
SnakeCard goes open source
Dear all, I have decided to focus my activities on development and support. I will release SnakeCard's produt line source code under the GPL licence this week (www.snakecard.com) ... I need to fix the site. It includes: SCF: SnakeCard Framework (software=Python) SCFB: SnaleCard Framework Bundle (software=Python, applets BasicCard T=1, JavaCard T=0) SCALS: (software: Python (core), VB6 (GUI), C++ (GINA DLL), applets BasicCard T=1, JavaCard T=0) SC PCSC Server(software=Python) Best regards, Philippe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: SnakeCard goes open source
I forgot SC-School-ID and SC-Corporate-ID: software = Python, GUI = wxWidget, Applets JavaCard and BasicCard. Regards, Philippe Philippe C. Martin wrote: Dear all, I have decided to focus my activities on development and support. I will release SnakeCard's produt line source code under the GPL licence this week (www.snakecard.com) ... I need to fix the site. It includes: SCF: SnakeCard Framework (software=Python) SCFB: SnaleCard Framework Bundle (software=Python, applets BasicCard T=1, JavaCard T=0) SCALS: (software: Python (core), VB6 (GUI), C++ (GINA DLL), applets BasicCard T=1, JavaCard T=0) SC PCSC Server(software=Python) Best regards, Philippe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[no subject]
Thomas Edison (I think it was him) once said it took 999 failures to make 1 success. That makes SourceForge 10 times more successful. The world is filled with millions of wanna-be poets, writers and creators whose sum total contribution to the artistic wealth of the world is negative. I'm not just using hyperbole. By poisoning the well with their garbage, they just make it that little bit harder for genuinely talented artists to be heard. Whose opinion? Yours, or the market's? Just my $0.02: Individuals, and perhaps groups of individuals are the creators of works. Walt Disney was a creator. Disney Inc. is not the creator, but has managed to twist copyright laws to maintain control of Walt's mouse. Tom Edison moved to California so _he_ could skirt copyright laws of the works _he_ was stealing. (See episode 7 of From the Earth to the Moon miniseries, re Georges Méliès' 1902 silent film «Le Voyage dans la lune») Edwin Howard Armstrong invented FM radio (and even got the patent), but RCA won the war. The giant corporation was able to twist regulations to drive Edwin to a despairing death. Today, Anne A. Mator might create a new character for Disney Inc., but the copyright belongs to Disney Inc., not Anne. Professor Suchn Such of Abig University might write a book, but The Regents of Abig University get the copyright. Annin Ventor might build a better widget for Transnational Megacorp, but Annin will probably never see a dime of profit or recognition. Why? IMHO, most inventors, writers and artists have too much to do and too little spare money to pay lobbyists to have laws written for them. Giant corporations do have the money to get laws written for them. Still, I've never seen a creative corporation or a creative law. The best corporations and governments can do is foster an environment where creativity flourishes and is justly rewarded. Thus, I must express my gratitude to all of those programmers who write open-source code (even if it doesn't go anywhere), and even shareware, and other works which are made available and open at no or reasonable cost. The Python community most of all. A free and open marketplace of ideas and products is quite capable of separating the triticale from the chaff. It makes all of us more productive! --David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re:Copyright [was Re: Python Obfuscation]
Thomas Edison (I think it was him) once said it took 999 failures to make 1 success. That makes SourceForge 10 times more successful. The world is filled with millions of wanna-be poets, writers and creators whose sum total contribution to the artistic wealth of the world is negative. I'm not just using hyperbole. By poisoning the well with their garbage, they just make it that little bit harder for genuinely talented artists to be heard. Whose opinion? Yours, or the market's? Just my $0.02: Individuals, and perhaps groups of individuals are the creators of works. Walt Disney was a creator. Disney Inc. is not the creator, but has managed to twist copyright laws to maintain control of Walt's mouse. Tom Edison moved to California so _he_ could skirt copyright laws of the works _he_ was stealing. (See episode 7 of From the Earth to the Moon miniseries, re Georges Méliès' 1902 silent film «Le Voyage dans la lune») Edwin Howard Armstrong invented FM radio (and even got the patent), but RCA won the war. The giant corporation was able to twist regulations to drive Edwin to a despairing death. Today, Anne A. Mator might create a new character for Disney Inc., but the copyright belongs to Disney Inc., not Anne. Professor Suchn Such of Abig University might write a book, but The Regents of Abig University get the copyright. Annin Ventor might build a better widget for Transnational Megacorp, but Annin will probably never see a dime of profit or recognition. Why? IMHO, most inventors, writers and artists have too much to do and too little spare money to pay lobbyists to have laws written for them. Giant corporations do have the money to get laws written for them. Still, I've never seen a creative corporation or a creative law. The best corporations and governments can do is foster an environment where creativity flourishes and is justly rewarded. Thus, I must express my gratitude to all of those programmers who write open-source code (even if it doesn't go anywhere), and even shareware, and other works which are made available and open at no or reasonable cost. The Python community most of all. A free and open marketplace of ideas and products is quite capable of separating the triticale from the chaff. It makes all of us more productive! --David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: IE Temporary Internet Files Python
James Hu [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Maybe the reason is ..\Content.IE5\index.dat can't be deleted! [...] IIRC, it can/could be from linux (with Win NT 4 installed on a VFAT partition), so I guess it is/was a normal file to that extent. John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterator addition
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005, Reinhold Birkenfeld wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Tom Anderson: And we're halfway to looking like perl already! Perhaps a more pythonic thing would be to define a then operator: all_lines = file1 then file2 then file3 Or a chain one: all_lines = file1 chain file2 chain file3 This may just be NIH syndrome, but i like that much less - 'then' makes for something that reads much more naturally to me. 'and' would be even better, but it's taken; 'andthen' is a bit unwieldy. Besides, chain file2 is going to confuse people coming from a BASIC background :). That's certainly not better than the chain() function. Introducing new operators for just one application is not pythonic. True, but would this be for just one application With python moving towards embracing a lazy functional style, with generators and genexps, maybe chaining iterators is a generally useful operation that should be supported at the language level. I'm not seriously suggesting doing this, but i don't think it's completely out of the question. tom -- limited to concepts that are meta, generic, abstract and philosophical -- IEEE SUO WG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
D foreach
The Digital Mars D compiler is a kind of improved c++, it contains a foreach statement: http://www.digitalmars.com/d/statement.html#foreach Usage example: foreach(int i, inout int p; v1) p = i; Is equal to Python: for i in xrange(len(v)): v[i] = i That is: v1 = range(len(v1)) (Some people use something like this in Python to scan a list of lists, so p become a reference to a list, that can be modified in place, but it's not much explicit way of doing things.) Another example: foreach(int i, int p; v2) v1[i] = p; Is equal to Python: for i,p in enumerate(v2): v1[i] = p So the variable p contains (scans) the elements of the given iterable object, but if you assign p with a value, that value becomes copied inside the mutable iterable too. Those are little examples, but I think it can be quite useful in more complex code. Bye, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
py2exe, pyparallel
I'm using py2exe to create a standalone program that uses pyparallel. When I run the created program an error occurs and a message directs me to the log file which contains: Traceback (most recent call last): File fg.py, line 30, in ? import dds2 File dds2.pyc, line 24, in ? WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR File parallel\__init__.pyc, line 13, in ? File parallel\parallelwin32.pyc, line 59, in ? File ctypes\__init__.pyc, line 407, in __getattr__ File ctypes\__init__.pyc, line 319, in __init__ WindowsError: [Errno 1157] One of the library files needed to run this application cannot be found My setup.py is: from distutils.core import setup import py2exe setup(windows = [fg.py]) Line 59 in parallelwin32.py is: _pyparallel = ctypes.windll.simpleio. I'm using PythonWin 2.3.2 on Win98SE. I have ctypes 0.9.6, py2exe 0.6.3 and pyparallel 0.2 installed. I posted a similar message to the py2exe mailing list but apparently that list is inactive. Any suggestions appreciated. Thanks, Gary Richardson -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Confusion about __call__ and attribute lookup
Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Leif K-Brooks wrote: New-style classes look up special methods on the class, not on the instance: For my future reference, is this documented somewhere in the standard docs? Maybe somewhere in here :-( http://www.python.org/doc/newstyle.html John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pywin32: How to import data into Excel?
Simon Brunning wrote: On 08/11/05, Dmytro Lesnyak [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I need to import some big data into Excel from my Python script. I have TXT file (~7,5 Mb). Have you considered converting your text data to CSV format? Excel opens CSV files happily enough, and you could always automate save-as-workbook and any formatting you need afterwards. But there are thorny issues with different locales and number formats. Excel is also just too clever in recognising dates All the best Norbert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help make it faster please
Fredrik Lundh wrote:
Lonnie Princehouse wrote:
[a-z0-9_] means match a single character from the set {a through z,
0 through 9, underscore}.
\w should be a bit faster; it's equivalent to [a-zA-Z0-9_] (unless you
specify otherwise using the locale or unicode flags), but is handled more
efficiently by the RE engine.
(you can use \w in sets too, so you can do e.g. [EMAIL PROTECTED])
/F
The \w does make a small difference, but not as much as I expected.
Surprisingly a standard Python word iterator works just as well, and is
easier to understand than the re version.
Which one is faster depends on the average word length and number of
ignored characters.
Cheers,
Ron
Character count: 10
Word count: 16477
Average word size: 6.06906597075
word_counter: 0.06820057 (best of 3)
count_words: 0.07333837 (best of 3)
#
import string
import re
import time
import random
# Create a really ugly n length string to test with.
n = 10
random.seed(1)
lines = ''.join([ random.choice(string.ascii_letters * 2
+ '[EMAIL PROTECTED]*()#/' + '\n' * 6) for x in
range(n) ])
print 'Character count:', n
print 'Word count:', len(lines.split())
print 'Average word size:', float(n)/len(lines.split())
letters = string.lowercase + string.digits + '_@'
def word_iter(text, letters=letters):
ltrs=letters.lower()
wd = ''
for c in text + ' ':
if c in ltrs:
wd += c
elif wd != '':
yield wd
wd = ''
def word_counter(text):
txt = text.lower()
countDict={}
for wd in word_iter(txt):
if wd in countDict:
countDict[wd] += 1
else:
countDict[wd] = 1
return countDict
word_finder = re.compile('[EMAIL PROTECTED]', re.I)
def count_words(string, word_finder = word_finder):
# avoid global lookups
countDict = {}
for match in word_finder.finditer(string.lower()):
word = match.group(0)
countDict[word] = countDict.get(word,0) + 1
return countDict
foos = [word_counter, count_words]
r1 = r2 = None
for foo in foos:
best_time = 0
for n in range(3):
t = time.clock()
for line in lines.splitlines():
countDict = foo(line)
tt = time.clock()-t
if tt best_time: best_time = tt
r1 = r2
r2 = countDict
if r1 != None:
# change to 1 if assert fails to find problem
if 0:
for k in r1.keys():
if r1[k] != r2[k]:
print k,r1[k],r2[k]
assert r1 == r2
print '%s: %.8f (best of %d)' \
% (foo.__name__, best_time, n+1)
--
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Python Book
What is the best book for Python newbies (seasoned programmer in other languages)? /David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rename files with numbers
[EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ok, so the function simplifyed without loops: def renamer(folder, band): archive = #file to transform rest = archive[3:] print band + -,rest.capitalize() obs: the file names came this way(with spaces or apostrophes) from the cd i imported. Maybe you want to take a look at Jack http://www.home.unix-ag.org/arne/jack/, a IMHO very nice CD ripper written in Python. Florian -- Einen Troll zu füttern ist das gleiche als würde man einen Haufen Hundescheisse sehen, absichtlich reinsteigen und sich dann beschweren. (Christian Schneider in [EMAIL PROTECTED]) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help make it faster please
Ron Adam wrote:
The \w does make a small difference, but not as much as I expected.
that's probably because your benchmark has a lot of dubious overhead:
word_finder = re.compile('[EMAIL PROTECTED]', re.I)
no need to force case-insensitive search here; \w looks for both lower-
and uppercase characters.
for match in word_finder.finditer(string.lower()):
since you're using a case-insensitive RE, that lower() call is not necessary.
word = match.group(0)
and findall() is of course faster than finditer() + m.group().
t = time.clock()
for line in lines.splitlines():
countDict = foo(line)
tt = time.clock()-t
and if you want performance, why are you creating a new dictionary for
each line in the sample?
here's a more optimized RE word finder:
word_finder_2 = re.compile('[EMAIL PROTECTED]').findall
def count_words_2(string, word_finder=word_finder_2):
# avoid global lookups
countDict = {}
for word in word_finder(string):
countDict[word] = countDict.get(word,0) + 1
return countDict
with your original test on a slow machine, I get
count_words: 0.29868684 (best of 3)
count_words_2: 0.17244873 (best of 3)
if I call the function once, on the entire sample string, I get
count_words: 0.23096036 (best of 3)
count_words_2: 0.11690620 (best of 3)
/F
--
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Error
hi everybody, i have a problem with py2exe that gives me this error: ImportError: could not import pango ImportError: could not import pango Traceback (most recent call last): File acqua.py, line 40, in ? File gtk\__init__.pyc, line 113, in ? AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Font' does anybody knows how to solve it? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Book
David Rasmussen a écrit : What is the best book for Python newbies (seasoned programmer in other languages)? I don't know if it's the best, but a DiveIntoPython/PythonCookbook combo may be a good choice. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright [was Re: Python obfuscation]
As far as I know, only one country ever claimed to have that, so your we only applies to citizens of that country, and not to everyone who may be reading the letter - and the status of the person you quoted but did not attribute is unclear. It applies to not only the US, which explicitly has We The People in our Constitution, but to all other countries who model on republican systems: Japan, Germany, France, South Korea, Taiwan, and more. Further, recent evidence is that this is no longer true in that country, assuming it ever was. Wow, how Machiaviellian. Copyright by itself does not pay the rent, put food on the table or put people through college. It's strong enough to be do that *if* the public values what you create enough and *if* you work hard enough at marketing it and *if* you produce enough. Those are some mighty big ifs. Yes, profitable innovation is 1 percent inspiration plus 99 percent persperation. Maybe the people you're talking about above are the rich corporations with the congresscritters in their pockets. But that's hardly the majority. It sometimes works that way, unfortunately. But at least we can vote the bastards out when we hear of such things. You apparently think that taking the opportunity for the creator to be rewarded for their efforts is ok if you deride other people who do that very thing. And in what way is piracy a form of creation? So what's the difference between the RIAA and a pirate who publicly points out that what the RIAA is up to? The difference is that the RIAA does not copy software without the copyright holder's consent. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Confusion about __call__ and attribute lookup
Kent Johnson wrote: Leif K-Brooks wrote: New-style classes look up special methods on the class, not on the instance: For my future reference, is this documented somewhere in the standard docs? Looks like it's the most detailed explanation on the net: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2003-May/035732.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright [was Re: Python Obfuscation]
David T wrote: Individuals, and perhaps groups of individuals are the creators of works. When someone pays you to create a work, then they own the copyright, not you. It's called work for hire. -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM erikmaxfrancis There is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn. -- Albert Camus -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
strip not working on strings?
I'm using Python 2.3.5 and when I type the following in the interactive
prompt I see that strip() is not working as advertised:
s = 'p p:p'
s.strip(' :')
'p p:p'
Is this just me or does it not work? I want to get rid of all ' ' and
':' in the string. I've checked the doc and from what I can tell this
is what strip() is supposed to do. Thanks for any help.
--
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Re: Copyright [was Re: Python obfuscation]
Mike Meyer wrote: Further, recent evidence is that this is no longer true in that country, assuming it ever was. Oh, please. Take the political crap elsewhere. -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM erikmaxfrancis There is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn. -- Albert Camus -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
open source and pure python
Is there any package written in pure python code? I know lots of packages borrow the functions from other languages such as C or FORTRAN. So it is still black box to me because I do not know these languages. Ben -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: strip not working on strings?
On Sun, 2005-11-13 at 13:16 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm using Python 2.3.5 and when I type the following in the interactive
prompt I see that strip() is not working as advertised:
s = 'p p:p'
s.strip(' :')
'p p:p'
Is this just me or does it not work? I want to get rid of all ' ' and
':' in the string. I've checked the doc and from what I can tell this
is what strip() is supposed to do. Thanks for any help.
According to my docs it says Return a copy of the string with the
leading and trailing characters removed. There are no leading or
trailing spaces or colons in 'p p:p'.
What your probably looking for is the .replace() method.
-m
--
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Re: strip not working on strings?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
I'm using Python 2.3.5 and when I type the following in the interactive
prompt I see that strip() is not working as advertised:
s = 'p p:p'
s.strip(' :')
'p p:p'
Is this just me or does it not work? I want to get rid of all ' ' and
':' in the string. I've checked the doc and from what I can tell this
is what strip() is supposed to do. Thanks for any help.
strip(chars) returns a copy of the string with leading and trailing
characters removed, that is, at the beginning and at the end of the string
You can use this to remove the specified characters :
for char in chars:
s.replace(char,'')
Pierre
--
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Re: strip not working on strings?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm using Python 2.3.5 and when I type the following in the interactive
prompt I see that strip() is not working as advertised:
s = 'p p:p'
s.strip(' :')
'p p:p'
Is this just me or does it not work? I want to get rid of all ' ' and
':' in the string. I've checked the doc and from what I can tell this
is what strip() is supposed to do.
In /my/ docs, s.strip return a copy of s where all /leading/ and
/heading/ spaces are removed. s.strip(x) does the same but removing
chars of x.
So, what you're asking for by s.strip(' :') is remove heading or
leading space or ':' chars, /not/ remove heading or leading space or
':' chars.
If you want to get rid of ' ' and ':' anywhere in s, i think that
string.maketrans and s.translate will do the job:
import string
s = 'p p:p'
ident = string.maketrans('', '')
s.translate(ident,' :')
'ppp'
--
Jaco
--
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Re: Iterator addition
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 17:31:32 +0100, Reinhold Birkenfeld [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Tom Anderson:
And we're halfway to looking like perl already! Perhaps a more pythonic
thing would be to define a then operator:
all_lines = file1 then file2 then file3
Or a chain one:
all_lines = file1 chain file2 chain file3
That's certainly not better than the chain() function. Introducing new
operators
for just one application is not pythonic.
Agreed. But here's a thought:
What if
expr1 expr2
were as legal as
expr1, expr2
and had well defined meaning? The meaning I have in mind is
that expr1 and expr2 (etc if more) should be evaluated just as
they are for building a tuple. Then, instead of taking the values
on the stack and building the tuple, the whole sequence is evaluated
by looking for three possible methods on the objects. First, a __unaryop__
method is sought. If present, that is sufficient to evaluate
expr1 expr2
as
expr1.__unaryop__(expr2)
Now that effectively becomes the first element replacing the first two
elements of the sequence. If it is the only element, that is the value
of the whole. If there are more elements, we start as if with a new sequence,
so
expr1 expr2 expr2
is equivalent to
(expr1 expr2 expr3)
is equivalent to
((expr1 expr2) expr3)
so we evaluate
(expr1 expr2).__unaryop__(expr3)
if that __unaryop__ exists. If not, we look for a postfix unary op method on
expr3
and if present, we get
expr3.__pfunaryop__((expr1 expr2))
as the value of the whole. Or to write it out fully,
expr3.__pfunaryop__(expr1.__unaryop__(expr2))
Now if expr1 had no op method, we would look for __pfunaryop__ on expr2
and if found the value would obviously be
expr2.__pfunaryop__(expr1)
If there is no __pfunaryop__ on expr2, we look for a __binaryop__ method,
(BTW meaning unary ops are given precedence). If we have expr2.__binaryop__,
then we need an expr3, or it is an error. If present, we get a value for
expr1 expr2 expr3
that is
expr2.__binaryop__(expr1, expr3)
Now if e.g. a bare-name expression MINUS is bound to an object that has
both a __unaryop__ and a __binaryop__ method, parens can as usual control
the evaluation. E.g.,
MINUS a MINUS b
evaluates to
MINUS.__binaryop__(MINUS.__unaryop__(a), b)
whereas
MINUS (a MINUS b)
evaluates to
MINUS.__unaryop__(MINUS.__binaryop__(a, b))
Presumably the byte codes for the above would look something like
(faked!! minor revision of tuple-building code ;-)
dis.dis(compile('MINUS a MINUS b','','eval'))
0 0 LOAD_NAME0 (MINUS)
3 LOAD_NAME1 (a)
6 LOAD_NAME0 (MINUS)
9 LOAD_NAME2 (b)
12 EVAL_EXPR_SEQ4
15 RETURN_VALUE
dis.dis(compile('MINUS (a MINUS b)','','eval'))
0 0 LOAD_NAME0 (MINUS)
3 LOAD_NAME1 (a)
6 LOAD_NAME0 (MINUS)
9 LOAD_NAME2 (b)
12 EVAL_EXPR_SEQ3
15 EVAL_EXPR_SEQ2
18 RETURN_VALUE
I think this might have some interesting possibilities ;-)
I'm sure there can be some interesting ambiguities in the
syntax of adjacent blank-separated expressions, but nothing
parens couldn't overcome, IWT. Built-in operators with
symbols such as +, -, *, / etc. would of course not be
treated as as objects in the above sense. I.e.,
even if expr1 had a __unaryop__ method,
expr1 - expr2
could not become
expr1.__unaryop__(-expr2)
unless you forced the issue with
expr1 (-expr2)
Ok, this should be fun ;-)
Regards,
Bengt Richter
--
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need drvmcdb.sys
Anybody has this file in ..\system32\drivers\drvmcdb.sys in your computer? please send it to me. You will save my life! thanks a lot!James Yahoo! FareChase - Search multiple travel sites in one click. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: strip not working on strings?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm using Python 2.3.5 and when I type the following in the interactive
prompt I see that strip() is not working as advertised:
s = 'p p:p'
s.strip(' :')
'p p:p'
Is this just me or does it not work? I want to get rid of all ' ' and
':' in the string. I've checked the doc and from what I can tell this
is what strip() is supposed to do.
In /my/ docs, s.strip return a copy of s where all /leading/ and
/heading/ spaces are removed. s.strip(x) does the same but removing
chars of x.
So, what you're asking for by s.strip(' :') is remove heading or
leading space or ':' chars, /not/ remove or leading or
':' chars.
If you want to get rid of ' ' and ':' anywhere in s, i think that
string.maketrans and s.translate will do the job:
import string
s = 'p p:p'
ident = string.maketrans('', '')
s.translate(ident,' :')
'ppp'
--
Jaco
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: strip not working on strings?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm using Python 2.3.5 and when I type the following in the interactive
prompt I see that strip() is not working as advertised:
s = 'p p:p'
s.strip(' :')
'p p:p'
Is this just me or does it not work? I want to get rid of all ' ' and
':' in the string. I've checked the doc and from what I can tell this
is what strip() is supposed to do.
In /my/ docs, s.strip return a copy of s where all /leading/ and
/heading/ spaces are removed. s.strip(x) does the same but removing
chars of x.
So, what you're asking for by s.strip(' :') is remove heading or
leading space or ':' chars, /not/ remove space or
':' chars.
If you want to get rid of ' ' and ':' anywhere in s, i think that
string.maketrans and s.translate will do the job:
import string
s = 'p p:p'
ident = string.maketrans('', '')
s.translate(ident,' :')
'ppp'
--
Jaco
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: something wrong in wx
Dnia Sun, 13 Nov 2005 08:29:49 +, Tim Roberts napisał(a): I wrote program training na Artificial Neural Network. It work well in console mode, but when I try to add GUI there is an error: FANN Error 10: Error reading info from train data file zapis.txt, line: 2 How are you launching the GUI version? Are you double-clicking on an icon somewhere? I launch the Gui version with terminal. # python Training.py Are you sure the application is starting in the correct directory -- the one that contains zapis.txt? Yes i'm sure. Perhaps you should try hard-code the full path, or at least doing an os.chdir(). it still doesn't work. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Book
David Beasley's Essential Python (New Riders). It's a little dated now (covers only up to version 2.2) but lucid, consise, well organized. It restricts itself to Python's syntax and semantics and does not waste time explaining basic programming concepts. I made several attempts to learn Python but found the Python docs pretty poor, and the tutorial books I looked at were incredibly ponderous and slow. It wasn't until I got Beasley's book that I could actual find info effectively enough to start actually writing Python code. I still most often refer to it in preference to the Python docs. David Rasmussen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] What is the best book for Python newbies (seasoned programmer in other languages)? /David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright
The Eternal Squire [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Further, recent evidence is that this is no longer true in that country, assuming it ever was. Wow, how Machiaviellian. Just an observation on the state of the US. It's been a long while since the people running the country did so for the people. Copyright by itself does not pay the rent, put food on the table or put people through college. It's strong enough to be do that *if* the public values what you create enough and *if* you work hard enough at marketing it and *if* you produce enough. Those are some mighty big ifs. Yes, profitable innovation is 1 percent inspiration plus 99 percent persperation. The critical thing is that copyright isn't a vital part of the formula. Lots of people make a good living creating intellectual property without needing copyright on said property to provide the income. The whole claim that copyright benefits the creator is a misdirection. Look at the number of creators who make a living off of sale of copyrighted materials vs the number of people between the creator and the consumer making a living off their work. Tell me who owns the big, fancy offices - the creators, or the middlemen. Tell me who's lobbying congress to create laws that protect and extend copyright. Finally, notice the difference between what you pay for a mass-market work - dollars - and what the creator gets - pennies, and tell me who gets the difference. Yes, copyright benefits the creator, but the primary beneficiaries are the people who arrange to put hard media in the hands of the public - the publishers. During the bulk of the twentieth century, this arrangement was reasonable - the middlemen were putting up the money, and taking all the financial risks. In some cases, they even took on the risk for the creator themselves, paying the creator an advance against royalties, so that if the product failed in the market, the creator got paid, and they took the hit for it. Given all that, the *real* question isn't How will the creator get paid?, it's How will the creator get published? The last few decades have given us a *lot* of answers to that: put it on their web site, which can be had for free; put it in a podcat; blog it; put it in a torrent; and so on. How they make money off of it after that is still being explored, but people are doing it. Yes, the creator doesn't sell as many copies this way. On the other hand, they get a much larger percentage of the price of the product. Publishers are in danger of becoming irrelevant. That's why they're making all the noise, and doing everything they can to limit the publics rights. They're distracting people from the real issue - their bottom line - by claiming it's for the good of the creator, while they try and make sure their business model - the one where they get the bulk of the profits - stays in place. *These* are the people whose side you are arguing, not the creator. Maybe the people you're talking about above are the rich corporations with the congresscritters in their pockets. But that's hardly the majority. It sometimes works that way, unfortunately. But at least we can vote the bastards out when we hear of such things. It's been working that way regulary since the 1920s, and the same bastards are still running the country. You apparently think that taking the opportunity for the creator to be rewarded for their efforts is ok if you deride other people who do that very thing. And in what way is piracy a form of creation? That's a complete non-sequitor. So what's the difference between the RIAA and a pirate who publicly points out that what the RIAA is up to? The difference is that the RIAA does not copy software without the copyright holder's consent. Actually, they do. More accurately, the companies that form the RIAA do. That's the point. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright [was Re: Python Obfuscation]
Erik Max Francis a écrit : David T wrote: Individuals, and perhaps groups of individuals are the creators of works. When someone pays you to create a work, then they own the copyright, Depends on the country's laws and the exact agreement. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: open source and pure python
Ben Bush wrote: Is there any package written in pure python code? Quite a lot. Browse through the Package Index. http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright
Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Mike Meyer wrote: Further, recent evidence is that this is no longer true in that country, assuming it ever was. Oh, please. Take the political crap elsewhere. It's got as much right to be here as the copyright crap. And I'm trying to keep it to the minimum required to refute the political crap I'm answering. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: something wrong in wx
Don't know if this will help or not because it seems like a strange error if this is the problem. I've always had to run my wxPython apps with pythonw, otherwise it will give you an error saying it needs the GUI interpreter or something like that. However, this could be an operating system specific codition. If that doesn't fix anything all I can say is check and recheck your path. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright [was Re: Python Obfuscation]
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 13:16:43 -0800, Erik Max Francis wrote: David T wrote: Individuals, and perhaps groups of individuals are the creators of works. When someone pays you to create a work, then they own the copyright, not you. It's called work for hire. That is *not* generally true, although it is true in certain industries, such as newspapers. Book publishers, for instance, do not generally own the copyright even if they ask you to write a book. Until the 1978 Copyright Act, neither did record labels: the creative musician owned the copyright. See http://www.cdbaby.net/articles/courtney_love.html for details of how the major record labels, through their enforcement arm the RIAA, stole rights from the creative artists that they claim to represent. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ANN: PySizer 0.1
I'd like to announce the first release of PySizer, a memory usage profiler for Python code. PySizer was written as part of Google's Summer of Code. The source, documentation and so on are at http://pysizer.8325.org. The current release is at http://pysizer.8325.org/dist/sizer-0.1.tar.gz. The code is kept in a Subversion repository at http://codespeak.net/svn/user/nick8325/sizer. The idea is to take a snapshot of memory use at some time, and then use the functions of the profiler to find information about it. Features * You can make a snapshot of all reachable objects at a given time, organised as a tree (well, a graph, since there are cycles). * For any given object, you can find out how much space it takes up, what objects it references and so on. With a patched version of Python, you can also find out what stack of function calls created an object, and what objects were created by each stack of calls. * You can collect objects into groups. For example, you can group each object according to the module it appears to come from. Then you can treat each module as a single object. * You can filter objects, find the amount of space used by instances of each type, find objects which appeared from one snapshot to the next, find the biggest objects/types/groups, and so on. Requirements See http://pysizer.8325.org/INSTALL. The main one is Python 2.4 - I will port it to 2.3 soon. Bugs, suggestions, comments, problems, anything else You can contact me at [EMAIL PROTECTED] I would love to know if you find a use for it, too. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright [was Re: Python Obfuscation]
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote: Depends on the country's laws and the exact agreement. Work for hire is part of the Berne convention. -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM erikmaxfrancis Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum. -- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright [was Re: Python Obfuscation]
Steven D'Aprano wrote: That is *not* generally true, although it is true in certain industries, such as newspapers. It is true in many industries, including the software industry. My point was that the creator of a work and the copyright holder and not necessarily one and the same. Often, in fact, they are not. -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM erikmaxfrancis Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum. -- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Copyright
Mike Meyer wrote: Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Mike Meyer wrote: Further, recent evidence is that this is no longer true in that country, assuming it ever was. Oh, please. Take the political crap elsewhere. It's got as much right to be here as the copyright crap. And I'm trying to keep it to the minimum required to refute the political crap I'm answering. Off-topic responses are just as off-topic as the off-topic posts they are responding to. Take 'em off-list. Use http://conversate.org/ for a relatively convenient way to do so. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Ben Finney wrote: ... I've yet to see a convincing argument against simply assigning values to names, then using those names. I don't like any syntax I've seen so far, but I can understand the problem. If you have a name, you can redefine a name, therefore the value a name refers to is mutable. As a result if you have 2 symbols represented by names and values, you may have two symbols with different names but the same value. Hence the two symbols are no longer unique) Conversely consider NAME to be a symbol. I can't modify NAME. It always means the same as NAME and NAME, but is never the same as FRED. What's tricky is I can't have namespaceOne.NAME [1] and namespaceTwo.NAME as different NAMEs even though logically there's no reason I couldn't treat NAME differently inside each. [1] Supposing for a moment that I could have a string as a name in a namespace. (Rather than a string used as a key in that namespace) However it might be useful to note that these two values (or symbols) are actually different, even if you remove their namespaces. To me, the use of a symbol implies a desire for a constant, and then to only use that constant rather than the value. In certain situations it's the fact that constant A is not the same as constant B that's important (eg modelling state machines). Often you can use strings for that sort of thing, but unfortunately even python's strings can't be used as symbols that are always the same thing in all ways. For example, we can force the id of identical strings to be different: s = h*1 x = h*1 id(s), id(x) (135049832, 135059864) As a result I can see that *IF* you really want this kind of symbol, rather than the various other kinds people have discussed in the thread, that some special syntax (like u'hello' for unicode 'hello') could be useful. However, I'd be more interested in some real world usecases where this would be beneficial, and then seeing what sort of syntax would be nice/useful (Especially since I can think of some uses where it would be nice). On the original syntax proposal, I'm firmly in the -1 camp - to me having done lots of perl in the past $foo looks very firmly like a mutable, rather than an immutable. The reason I'm more interested in seeing usecases, is because I'd rather see where the existing approaches people use/define symbols has caused the OP problems to the extent he feels the language needs to change to fix these real world problems. Michael. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mon, 14 Nov 2005 00:48:46 +1100, Ben Finney wrote: I believe Pierre is looking for a syntax that will save him from assigning values to names; that Python will simply assign arbitrary unique values for these special names. What I still don't understand is why this justifies additional syntax baggage in the language, rather than an explicit assignment earlier in the code. The only advantage would be if you want to do something like this: MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU = Symbols() I believe that's exactly what Pierre doesn't want to do. He wants to simply use names (marked special in some way) and have Python automatically determine a unique value for each name, with nary an assignment in sight. To me, that's a net loss. It makes names more complicated, it loses explicit is better than implicit, and it loses the checks Python could do against using a name that hasn't been assigned a value (caused by e.g. a misspelled name). -- \ Why should I care about posterity? What's posterity ever done | `\ for me? -- Groucho Marx | _o__) | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Book
Stuart McGraw [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] David Beasley's Essential Python (New Riders). It's a little dated now (covers only up to version 2.2) [...] Oops, that should be Beazley, Python Essential Reference, and version 2.1. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multikey Dict?
On Sun, 13 Nov 2005 01:03:05 +0100, David Rasmussen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
If I have a collection of dicts like:
john = {'id': 1, 'name': John Cleese, 'year': 1939}
graham = {'id': 2, 'name': Graham Chapman, 'year': 1941}
Why do you use dicts for what looks like fixed-format records? Why not just
tuples? E.g.,
john = (1, John Cleese, 1939)
graham = (2, Graham Chapman, 1941)
I could store all of them in a list. But for easy lookup, I might store
all these in a dict instead, like
people = {'1': john, '2': graham}
or maybe
people = {'John Cleese': john, 'Graham Chapman': graham}
or whatever key I might choose. Now, first of all, it seems a bit
annoying that I have to keep that redundant data in the second dict that
ISTM you are confusing equivalent references with redundant data. The
people dict does not contain its own copy of john and graham objects,
it just refers to them, and you get to look up the reference by key name.
is already in the individual dicts within people. Secondly (and this is
my question), it is annoying that I have to choose one of several
unambiguous keys as a key.
Keys in the same dict have to be unambiguous, or how could you retrieve
an associated value?
I would like to be able to say:
people['1'].year
in some case and in other cases I want to say
people['John Cleese'].year
That is, sometimes I have the name at hand and would like to look up
data based on that. Other times, I have the ID at hand and would like to
look up data based on that instead.
No prob. So long as no one has a name like '1' or an id like 'John Cleese'
you can keep both '1':john and 'John Cleese':john key:value associations
in the same dict. Referring to the same value with different keys is no prob.
Of course, using tuples for john and graham you can't get year as an attribute.
Recalling from above
john = (1, John Cleese, 1939)
you'd have to write
people['1'][2]
or
people['John Cleese'][2]
Or you could define some handy mnemonic constants to match the tuple, e.g.,
ID, NAME, YEAR = range(3)
and then you could write
people['1'][YEAR]
or
people['John Cleese'][YEAR]
Or you could define an object giving you the attribute access you wanted.
Not as efficient spacewise though, unless you define __slots__.
Of course, you can use dicts for john and graham if you need the ability
to add arbitrary fields. If this happens rarely, you could conceivably gain
efficiency in storage by using slots for the normal data and a single slot
initialized to None for extra data, and then create a dict for that slot
only if you need to extend with new field names.
Also, I would like if I didn't have to keep the key data both in the
dict of dicts and in the dicts :)
IIUC I guess you don't have to.
If I could just say to Python: john and graham (and ...) are all a part
of a superdict and either their id or their name can be used as keys.
Can I do that somehow?
Sure. What API would you like for your superdict?
Defining requirements is usually the hardest part, because newbies
often imagine limitations that don't exist in Python ;-)
Others will have proposed many variants by now, I assume ;-)
Regards,
Bengt Richter
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Ben Finney wrote: I believe that's exactly what Pierre doesn't want to do. He wants to simply use names (marked special in some way) and have Python automatically determine a unique value for each name, with nary an assignment in sight. To me, that's a net loss. It makes names more complicated, it loses explicit is better than implicit, and it loses the checks Python could do against using a name that hasn't been assigned a value (caused by e.g. a misspelled name). I agree. And, when done explicitly, it's already easy enough to do this within the language, by just assigning it a value, even if it's an integer from range/xrange or a new sentinel like object(). -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM erikmaxfrancis The stairs of the sky are let down for him that he may ascend thereon to heaven. O gods, put your arms under the king: raise him, lift him -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help make it faster please
Fredrik Lundh wrote:
Ron Adam wrote:
The \w does make a small difference, but not as much as I expected.
that's probably because your benchmark has a lot of dubious overhead:
I think it does what the OP described, but that may not be what he
really needs.
Although the test to find best of n, instead was finding worse of n.
Which explains why I was getting a larger variance than I thought I
should have been getting.
word_finder = re.compile('[EMAIL PROTECTED]', re.I)
no need to force case-insensitive search here; \w looks for both lower-
and uppercase characters.
But the dictionary keys need to be either upper or lower otherwise you
count 'The' separately from 'the'.
for match in word_finder.finditer(string.lower()):
since you're using a case-insensitive RE, that lower() call is not necessary.
word = match.group(0)
and findall() is of course faster than finditer() + m.group().
Cool, I don't use re that often so I just used what was posted to test
against.
t = time.clock()
for line in lines.splitlines():
countDict = foo(line)
tt = time.clock()-t
and if you want performance, why are you creating a new dictionary for
each line in the sample?
Because that's what the OP apparently wanted. A line by line word
count. I originally did it to get an the over all count and then change
it so it matched the re version that was posted.
here's a more optimized RE word finder:
word_finder_2 = re.compile('[EMAIL PROTECTED]').findall
def count_words_2(string, word_finder=word_finder_2):
# avoid global lookups
countDict = {}
for word in word_finder(string):
countDict[word] = countDict.get(word,0) + 1
return countDict
with your original test on a slow machine, I get
count_words: 0.29868684 (best of 3)
count_words_2: 0.17244873 (best of 3)
if I call the function once, on the entire sample string, I get
count_words: 0.23096036 (best of 3)
count_words_2: 0.11690620 (best of 3)
/F
Wow, a lot bigger difference than on my machine. curious An athlon
64 3000+ on winxp. I'm not sure how much difference that would make?
This is what I get after adding the above version to it, with the
lower(). There's not quite as big a difference as you get, but the find
all version is still faster than both the others.
Cheers,
Ron
Character count: 10
Word count: 16477
Average word size: 6.06906597075
word_counter: 0.06245989 (best of 3)
count_words: 0.07309812 (best of 3)
count_words_2: 0.04981024 (best of 3)
And as count all words...
Character count: 10
Word count: 16477
Average word size: 6.06906597075
word_counter: 0.05325006 (best of 3)
count_words: 0.05910528 (best of 3)
count_words_2: 0.03748158 (best of 3)
They all improve, but the re find all version is clearly better.
#
import string
import re
import time
import random
# Create a really ugly n length string to test with.
# The word length are
n = 10
random.seed(1)
lines = ''.join([ random.choice(string.ascii_letters * 2
+ '[EMAIL PROTECTED]*()#/' + '\n' * 6) for x in
range(n) ])
print 'Character count:', n
print 'Word count:', len(lines.split())
print 'Average word size:', float(n)/len(lines.split())
letters = string.lowercase + string.digits + '_@'
def word_iter(text, letters=letters):
wd = ''
for c in text + ' ':
if c in letters:
wd += c
elif wd != '':
yield wd
wd = ''
def word_counter(text):
countDict={}
for wd in word_iter(text.lower()):
if wd in countDict:
countDict[wd] += 1
else:
countDict[wd] = 1
return countDict
word_finder = re.compile('[EMAIL PROTECTED]', re.I).finditer
def count_words(string, word_finder=word_finder):
# avoid global lookups
countDict = {}
for match in word_finder(string.lower()):
word = match.group(0)
countDict[word] = countDict.get(word,0) + 1
return countDict
word_finder_2 = re.compile('[EMAIL PROTECTED]').findall
def count_words_2(string, word_finder=word_finder_2):
# avoid global lookups
countDict = {}
for word in word_finder(string.lower()):
countDict[word] = countDict.get(word,0) + 1
return countDict
foos = [word_counter, count_words, count_words_2]
r1 = r2 = None
for foo in foos:
best_time = 100 # too large to be useful on purpose
for n in range(3):
t = time.clock()
#for line in lines.splitlines():
countDict = foo(lines)
tt = time.clock()-t
best_time = min(tt, best_time)
r1 = r2
r2 = countDict
if r1 != None:
# change to 1 if assert fails to find problem
if 0:
for k in r1.keys():
if r1[k] != r2[k]:
print k,r1[k],r2[k]
assert r1 == r2
Re: Iterator addition
On Sun, Nov 13, 2005 at 09:44:43PM +, Bengt Richter wrote: even if expr1 had a __unaryop__ method, expr1 - expr2 could not become expr1.__unaryop__(-expr2) unless you forced the issue with expr1 (-expr2) as opposed to being a function call? I don't think you've solved the ambiguity problem yet. Jeff pgpywgKNiDRtk.pgp Description: PGP signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: which feature of python do you like most?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: which feature of python do you like most? Duck typing (All I care about is that it quacks, and it doesn't have to derive from Duck() to do that!) And decorating (the ability to add attributes to objects on-the-fly, not the @XXX stuff) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Book
Have you tried the tutorial on python.org? It's pretty good, even for seasoned programmers. Calad Sigilon David Rasmussen wrote: What is the best book for Python newbies (seasoned programmer in other languages)? /David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal for adding symbols within Python
Michael [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ben Finney wrote: I've yet to see a convincing argument against simply assigning values to names, then using those names. If you have a name, you can redefine a name, therefore the value a name refers to is mutable. Since there are mutable and immutable values, it might be clearer to say the binding of a name to a value can be changed. Yes? In that case, I don't see why someone who wants such a binding to be unchanging can't simply avoid changing it. Where's the case for having Python enforce this? Conversely consider NAME to be a symbol. I can't modify NAME. It always means the same as NAME and NAME, but is never the same as FRED. What's tricky is I can't have namespaceOne.NAME [1] and namespaceTwo.NAME as different NAMEs even though logically there's no reason I couldn't treat NAME differently inside each. So you want to mark such objects as being in a namespace, where they compare the same within that namespace but not outside. Why is separate syntax necessary for this? A data type that is informed of its space, and refuses comparison with values from other spaces, would suffice. class Xenophobe(object): def __init__(self, space, value): self.__space = space self.__value = value def __str__(self): return str(self.__value) def __cmp__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, Xenophobe): raise AssertionError, \ Can only compare Xenophobes to each other if not other.__space == self.__space: raise AssertionError, \ Can only compare Xenophobes from the same space return cmp(self.__value, other.__value) With the bonus that you could pass such values around between different names, and they'd *still* compare, or not, as you choose when you first create them. Replace the AssertionError with some appropriate return value, if you want such comparisons to succeed. However it might be useful to note that these two values (or symbols) are actually different, even if you remove their namespaces. The above Xenophobe implementation creates objects that know their space forever. To me, the use of a symbol implies a desire for a constant, and then to only use that constant rather than the value. In certain situations it's the fact that constant A is not the same as constant B that's important (eg modelling state machines). Since the actual value can't be easily accessed, the only purpose of a Xenophobe is too be created and compared to others. Often you can use strings for that sort of thing, but unfortunately even python's strings can't be used as symbols that are always the same thing in all ways. For example, we can force the id of identical strings to be different: Hold up -- what in your stated use case requires *identity* to be the same? You said you just wanted to compare them to each other. Besides, Python *does* preserve identity for short strings... s = h*1 x = h*1 id(s), id(x) (135049832, 135059864) ... which is sufficient for unique values, if you're not actively fighting the system as above. If the use case is for brief, identical values, we have those: short strings. As a result I can see that *IF* you really want this kind of symbol, rather than the various other kinds people have discussed in the thread, that some special syntax (like u'hello' for unicode 'hello') could be useful. I can see the case for a new type. I disagree that syntax changes are necessary. However, I'd be more interested in some real world usecases where this would be beneficial, and then seeing what sort of syntax would be nice/useful (Especially since I can think of some uses where it would be nice). Real use cases would interest me, too, but *only* if they can't be satisfied with a new type that knows things about its creation state, such as Xenophobe. The reason I'm more interested in seeing usecases, is because I'd rather see where the existing approaches people use/define symbols has caused the OP problems to the extent he feels the language needs to change to fix these real world problems. Ditto. -- \ My aunt gave me a walkie-talkie for my birthday. She says if | `\ I'm good, she'll give me the other one next year. -- Steven | _o__) Wright | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
