Re: Testing if a global is defined in a module
Dnia Wed, 06 Jul 2011 03:36:24 +1000, Steven D'Aprano napisał(a): Because unless you are extremely disciplined, code and the comments describing them get out of sync. [...] True, but that gets far worse with external docs. Do you have in mind any better replacement? Br. Waldek -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
rantingrick wrote: What he means is that On Mac, if you close all windows, the application is still running. Then that is NOT closing windows that is only ICONIFIYING/HIDING them. No, the windows really are closed. They no longer exist in any way. The application is still running, though, and its menu bar will appear if you bring it to the front (in MacOSX this is done by clicking on its dock icon; in classic MacOS it was done by selecting from the menu of running applications that was available in the top right corner of the screen). -- Greg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
rantingrick wrote: And how do you EXPLICITY quit the application? Using its Quit menu command. But that's Mac-specific, and not central to the discussion. On Linux and Windows, an application will usually exit when its last window is closed. Either way, there is no need for a privileged main window. -- Greg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On Tue, Jul 5, 2011 at 10:54 PM, Phlip phlip2...@gmail.com wrote:
Pythonistas:
Consider this hashing code:
import hashlib
file = open(path)
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(file.read())
digest = m.hexdigest()
file.close()
If the file were huge, the file.read() would allocate a big string and
thrash memory. (Yes, in 2011 that's still a problem, because these
files could be movies and whatnot.)
So if I do the stream trick - read one byte, update one byte, in a
loop, then I'm essentially dragging that movie thru 8 bits of a 64 bit
CPU. So that's the same problem; it would still be slow.
So now I try this:
sum = os.popen('sha256sum %r' % path).read()
Those of you who like to lie awake at night thinking of new ways to
flame abusers of 'eval()' may have a good vent, there.
Indeed (*eyelid twitch*). That one-liner is arguably better written as:
sum = subprocess.check_output(['sha256sum', path])
Does hashlib have a file-ready mode, to hide the streaming inside some
clever DMA operations?
Barring undocumented voodoo, no, it doesn't appear to. You could
always read from the file in suitably large chunks instead (rather
than byte-by-byte, which is indeed ridiculous); see
io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE and/or the os.stat() trick referenced therein
and/or the block_size attribute of hash objects.
http://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
http://docs.python.org/library/hashlib.html#hashlib.hash.block_size
Cheers,
Chris
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Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Am 06.07.2011 07:54 schrieb Phlip:
Pythonistas:
Consider this hashing code:
import hashlib
file = open(path)
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(file.read())
digest = m.hexdigest()
file.close()
If the file were huge, the file.read() would allocate a big string and
thrash memory. (Yes, in 2011 that's still a problem, because these
files could be movies and whatnot.)
So if I do the stream trick - read one byte, update one byte, in a
loop, then I'm essentially dragging that movie thru 8 bits of a 64 bit
CPU. So that's the same problem; it would still be slow.
Yes. That is why you should read with a reasonable block size. Not too
small and not too big.
def filechunks(f, size=8192):
while True:
s = f.read(size)
if not s: break
yield s
#f.close() # maybe...
import hashlib
file = open(path)
m = hashlib.md5()
fc = filechunks(file)
for chunk in fc:
m.update(chunk)
digest = m.hexdigest()
file.close()
So you are reading in 8 kiB chunks. Feel free to modify this - maybe use
os.stat(file).st_blksize instead (which is AFAIK the recommended
minimum), or a value of about 1 MiB...
So now I try this:
sum = os.popen('sha256sum %r' % path).read()
This is not as nice as the above, especially not with a path containing
strange characters. What about, at least,
def shellquote(*strs):
return .join([
'+st.replace(','\\'')+'
for st in strs
])
sum = os.popen('sha256sum %r' % shellquote(path)).read()
or, even better,
import subprocess
sp = subprocess.Popen(['sha256sum', path'],
stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
sp.stdin.close() # generate EOF
sum = sp.stdout.read()
sp.wait()
?
Does hashlib have a file-ready mode, to hide the streaming inside some
clever DMA operations?
AFAIK not.
Thomas
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Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
rantingrick wrote: I was thinking more about this comment and it occurred to me that Python does have user controlled data structures. Just because there is no top level syntax like ruby does not mean these do not exists. Syntax is what it's really about, though. There's no clear dividing line, but when Guido says he's opposed to user defined syntax he's talking about things like Lisp macros, which let you effectively extend the grammar with new keywords and syntactic structures. Compared to that, Python's grammar is very much fixed. Anything you want to do has to be done within the existing framework of function calls, attribute references etc. If Python truly had user-defined syntax, it wouldn't have been necessary to modify the compiler to implement features such as list comprehensions and with-statements -- those features could have been implemented, with the *same syntax* or something close to it, in the base language. -- Greg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: embedding: how do I redirect print output?
Steven D'Aprano wrote: Why do you think it [sink for use as sys.stdout] needs to be in C? As far as I can tell, so long as it quacks like a file object (that is, has a write method), it should work. Good point thanks for the example fish! Uli -- Domino Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EXCELLENT
rantingrick wrote: On Jul 5, 10:26 am, Steven D'Aprano steve Since you can't do anything without a root window, I don't see the benefit in forcing the user to do so [create one explicitly]. The reason is simple. It's called order. It's called learning from day one how the order of things exists. Widgets are part of windows, not the other way around. Saving a few keystrokes is not acceptable if you jumble the understanding of a new student. To understand and use Tkinter properly you must understand the order of window-widget. When they need to learn about root windows, they will in their own good time. So you would start drivers education class with road construction? Or the history of the internal combustion engine? Who cares about actually *driving* the car. Ahem, you are the one that suggests that in order to drive a car you should first build a road, not Steven! That said, why should I care about the choices and steps I have for creating main windows and the possibilities I get from doing this myself? A basic default main window is enough for me! Further, choice implies I can make wrong choices, too, so forcing someone to make a decision might cause errors. Uli -- Domino Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EXCELLENT
Mel wrote: In wx, many of the window classes have Create methods, for filling in various attributes in two-step construction. I'm not sure why, because it works so well to just supply all the details when the class is called and an instance is constructed. Maybe there's some C++ strategy that's being supported there. Just guessing, is it legacy, C-with-classes code rather than C++ code perhaps? Haven't looked at wx for a while. Such code typically lacks understanding of exceptions, which are the only way to signal failure from e.g. constructors. Uli -- Domino Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
rantingrick wrote: Something to replace Python, Ruby, Perl, JavaScript, etc, etc not some pie-in-the-sky, single-answer-to-all- our-problems pipe dream language. So it's just a single-answer-to-all-our-glue-programming pipe dream language, then? :-) -- Greg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Error while downloading webpages
Hi everyone, new to python. I'm attempting to download a large amount of webpages (about 600) to disk and for some reason a few of them fail. I'm using this in a loop where pagename and urlStr change each time: import urllib try: urllib.urlretrieve(urlStr, 'webpages/'+pagename+'.htm') except IOError: print 'Cannot open URL %s for reading' % urlStr str1 = 'error!' Out of all the webpages, it does not work for these three: http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=WASP-11/HAT-P-10p2=b http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=HAT-P-27/WASP-40p2=b http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=HAT-P-30/WASP-51p2=b giving Cannot open URL http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=WASP-11/HAT-P-10p2=b for reading etc. however copying and pasting the URL from the error message successfully opens in firefox it successfully downloads the 500 or so other pages such as: http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=HD+88133p2=b I guess it has something to do with the forward slash in the names (e.g. HAT-P-30/WASP-51 compared to HD+88133 in the examples above) Is there a way I can fix this? Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Not able to store data to dictionary because of memory limitation
Hi All, I am facing a problem when I am storing cursor fetched(Oracle 10G) data in to a dictionary. As I don't have option to manipulate data in oracle10G, I had to stick to python to parse the data for some metrics. After storing 1.99 GB data in to the dictionary, python stopped to store the remaining data in to dictionary. Memory utilization is 26 GB/34GB. That means, still lot memory is left as unutilized. Can please share your experices/ideas to resolve this issue. Is this prople mbecasue of large memory utlization. Is there any alternate solution to resolve this issue. Like splitting the dictionaries or writing the data to hard disk instead of writing to memory. How efficiently we can use memory when we are going for dictionaries. Thanks in advacne, Rama -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: web browsing short cut
On 07/06/2011 03:30 AM, Dustin Cheung wrote: I am looking into Tkinter. But i am not sure if it will actually work. This maybe a crazy idea but i was wondering if i can put a web browser in the frame. I have tried to use Tkinter to resize and place the windows to certain areas of the screen but that's not working or the way im approaching this problem is completely wrong. I want to make a program that will have websites displayed in specific areas of the screen. I was planning on using the program on the big screen. So is it possible to put the web browser inside the frame in Tkinter? What you could do, in effect, is write your own web browser, using an existing rendering engine. I do not know which rendering engines are how easily used in Tkinter code (possibly none of them). This isn't a job for (traditional, cross-platform) Python. It *may* be possible with pyWin32. It may be easier with the Windows Script Host (which apparently can support Python). I personally would use browser-side JavaScript; it's certainly possible to open a popup of a specific size in JS, not sure about specific position on-screen. Maybe you have to write an extension for Firefox or Chrome. On Sat, Jul 2, 2011 at 7:10 PM, Chris Rebert c...@rebertia.com mailto:c...@rebertia.com wrote: On Sat, Jul 2, 2011 at 6:21 PM, Dustin Cheung dustin...@gmail.com mailto:dustin...@gmail.com wrote: Hey guys, I am new to python. I want to make a shortcut that opens my websites and re-sizes them to display on different areas on the screen. I looked around but i had no luck. Is that possible with python? if so can someone point to to the right direction? Here is what I came up with so far.. The window positioning+resizing bit will likely require using platform-specific APIs. Since you appear to be on Windows, the relevant library would be pywin32 (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywin32 ). You would use it to invoke some COM API that does window positioning+resizing. I am unable to give more details as I'm on a Mac. Sidenote: Have you tried Firefox's Bookmark All Tabs feature? Cheers, Chris -- Dustin Cheung -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Error while downloading webpages
On Jul 6, 5:39 pm, TimB timbova...@gmail.com wrote: Hi everyone, new to python. I'm attempting to download a large amount of webpages (about 600) to disk and for some reason a few of them fail. I'm using this in a loop where pagename and urlStr change each time: import urllib try: urllib.urlretrieve(urlStr, 'webpages/'+pagename+'.htm') except IOError: print 'Cannot open URL %s for reading' % urlStr str1 = 'error!' Out of all the webpages, it does not work for these three:http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=WASP-11/HAT-P-10p2=bhttp://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=HAT-P-27/WASP-40p2=bhttp://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=HAT-P-30/WASP-51p2=b giving Cannot open URLhttp://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=WASP-11/HAT-P-10p2=b for reading etc. however copying and pasting the URL from the error message successfully opens in firefox it successfully downloads the 500 or so other pages such as:http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=HD+88133p2=b I guess it has something to do with the forward slash in the names (e.g. HAT-P-30/WASP-51 compared to HD+88133 in the examples above) Is there a way I can fix this? Thanks. sorry, I was attempting to save the page to disk with the forward slash in the name, disreguard -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Not able to store data to dictionary because of memory limitation
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 5:49 PM, Rama Rao Polneni ram...@gmail.com wrote: Hi All, I am facing a problem when I am storing cursor fetched(Oracle 10G) data in to a dictionary. As I don't have option to manipulate data in oracle10G, I had to stick to python to parse the data for some metrics. After storing 1.99 GB data in to the dictionary, python stopped to store the remaining data in to dictionary. Is the data one row from the table, or could you work with it row-by-row? ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: web browsing short cut
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 11:30 AM, Dustin Cheung dustin...@gmail.com wrote: Hey, I am looking into Tkinter. But i am not sure if it will actually work. This maybe a crazy idea but i was wondering if i can put a web browser in the frame. I have tried to use Tkinter to resize and place the windows to certain areas of the screen but that's not working or the way im approaching this problem is completely wrong. I want to make a program that will have websites displayed in specific areas of the screen. I was planning on using the program on the big screen. So is it possible to put the web browser inside the frame in Tkinter? Thinking along a quite different line here, is it possible for you to use regular frames? Create an HTML file with: frameset rows=50%,50% frameset cols=50%,50% frame src=http://blah/blah; frame src=http://another/blah; /frameset frameset cols=50%,50% frame src=http://third/blah; frame src=http://final/blah; /frameset /frameset That should divide your screen four ways (if I haven't botched my HTML - ages since I've used frames). ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Secure ssl connection with wrap_socket
On Jul 5, 4:08 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone calderone.jeanp...@gmail.com
wrote:
On Jul 5, 4:52 am, Andrea Di Mario anddima...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi, I'm a new python user and I'm writing a small web service with ssl.
I want use a self-signed certificate like in
wiki:http://docs.python.org/dev/library/ssl.html#certificates
I've used wrap_socket, but if i try to use
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, it doesn't work with error:
urllib2.URLError: urlopen error _ssl.c:326: No root certificates
specified for verification of other-side certificates.
It works only with CERT_NONE (the default) but with this option i
could access to the service in insicure mode.
Have you some suggestions for my service?
Also specify some root certificates to use in verifying the peer's
certificate. Certificate verification works by proceeding from a
collection of root certificates which are explicitly trusted. These
are used to sign other certificates (which may in turn be used to sign
others, which in turn...). The process of certificate verification is
the process of following the signatures from the certificate in use by
the server you connect to back up the chain until you reach a root
which you have either decided to trust or not. If the signatures are
all valid and the root is one you trust, then you have established a
connection to a trusted entity. If any signature is invalid, or the
root is not one you trust, then you have not.
The root certificates are also called the ca certificates or
certificate authority certificates. `wrap_socket` accepts a
`ca_certs` argument.
Seehttp://docs.python.org/library/ssl.html#ssl-certificates
for details about that argument.
Jean-Paul
Hi Jean-Paul, i thought that with self-signed certificate i shouldn't
use ca_certs option. Now, i've created a ca-authority and i use this
command:
self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile = ca/certs/
myfriend.cert.pem, keyfile = ca/private/myfriend.key.pem,
ca_certs=/home/andrea/ca/certs/cacert.pem,
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
When i use the some machine as client-server it works, but, when i use
another machine as client, i've this:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File loginsender.py, line 48, in module
handle = url_opener.open('https://debian.andrea.it:10700/%s+%s' %
(DATA,IPIN))
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 391, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 409, in _open
'_open', req)
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 369, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File loginsender.py, line 33, in https_open
return self.do_open(self.specialized_conn_class, req)
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 1145, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib2.URLError: urlopen error [Errno 185090050] _ssl.c:328: error:
0B084002:x509 certificate routines:X509_load_cert_crl_file:system lib
I see that i should create a certificate with server, client and ca
autority, but i haven't clear the ca_certs option and which path i
should use.
Have you any suggestion?
Thank. Regards.
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Extracting property getters from dir() results
Using introspection, is there a way to get a list of property getters? Does this: vars=property(getVars(), Dump a string of variables and values) have some parsable feature that makes it different from other functions? Or would I need to use some naming scheme to parse them out? -- Gnarlie -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Not able to store data to dictionary because of memory limitation
Yes the data is from table. which is retrieved using some queries in to cx_oracel cursor. I am able to read the data row by row. One more information, I am Able to load the data in to dictionary by removing some some data from table. -Ram Is the data one row from the table, or could you work with it row-by-row? ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list On 7/6/11, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 5:49 PM, Rama Rao Polneni ram...@gmail.com wrote: Hi All, I am facing a problem when I am storing cursor fetched(Oracle 10G) data in to a dictionary. As I don't have option to manipulate data in oracle10G, I had to stick to python to parse the data for some metrics. After storing 1.99 GB data in to the dictionary, python stopped to store the remaining data in to dictionary. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Not able to store data to dictionary because of memory limitation
Rama Rao Polneni wrote: After storing 1.99 GB data in to the dictionary, python stopped to store the remaining data in to dictionary. Question here: - Which Python? - stopped to store (you mean stopped storing, btw), how does it behave? Hang? Throw exceptions? Crash right away? Memory utilization is 26 GB/34GB. That means, still lot memory is left as unutilized. 2GiB is typically the process limit for memory allocations on 32-bit systems. So, if you are running a 32-bit system or running a 32-bit process on a 64-bit system, you are probably hitting hard limits. With luck, you could extend this to 3GiB on a 32-bit system. Is this proplem becasue of large memory utlization. I guess yes. Is there any alternate solution to resolve this issue. Like splitting the dictionaries or writing the data to hard disk instead of writing to memory. If you have lost of equal strings, interning them might help, both in size and speed. Doing in-memory compression would be a good choice, too, like e.g. if you have string fields in the DB that can only contain very few possible values, converting them to an integer/enumeration. Otherwise, and this is a more general approach, prefer making a single sweep over the data. This means that you read a chunk of data, perform whatever operation you need on it, possibly write the results and then discard the chunk. This keeps memory requirements low. At first, it doesn't look as clean as reading the whole data in one step, calculations as a second and writing results as a third, but with such amounts of data as yours, it is the only viable step. Good luck, and I'd like to hear how you solved the issue! Uli -- Domino Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extracting property getters from dir() results
Am 06.07.2011 11:02, schrieb Gnarlodious:
Using introspection, is there a way to get a list of property
getters?
Does this:
vars=property(getVars(), Dump a string of variables and values)
have some parsable feature that makes it different from other
functions? Or would I need to use some naming scheme to parse them
out?
dir() won't help you much here. The inspect module has several tools to
make inspection easier.
import inspect
class Example(object):
... @property
... def method(self):
... return 1
...
inspect.getmembers(Example, inspect.isdatadescriptor)
[('__weakref__', attribute '__weakref__' of 'Example' objects),
('method', property object at 0xec0520)]
inspect.getmembers() with isdatadescriptor predicate works only on
classes, not on instances.
inspect.getmembers(Example(), inspect.isdatadescriptor)
[]
Property instances have the attributes fget, fset and fdel that refer to
their getter, setter and delete method.
for name, obj in inspect.getmembers(Example, inspect.isdatadescriptor):
... if isinstance(obj, property):
... print name, obj, obj.fget
...
method property object at 0xec0520 function method at 0xec1a28
Christian
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Python Packaging
Can someone show me how to package with py2exe? Every time I tried it says the file does not exist. Can you help? Thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Phlip phlip2...@gmail.com writes: If the file were huge, the file.read() would allocate a big string and thrash memory. (Yes, in 2011 that's still a problem, because these files could be movies and whatnot.) I did a crc32 calculator like that and actually ran into some kind of string length limit with large files. So I switched to 4k blocks and the speed is about the same as a C implementation in the program cksfv. Well, of course crc32 is usually done with a table lookup, so it's always fast. I just picked 4k, since it's the page size in x86 systems and also a common block size for file systems. Seems to be big enough. io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE is 8k here. I suppose using that would be the proper way. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Packaging
On 07/06/2011 11:44 AM, Benji Benjokal wrote: Can someone show me how to package with py2exe? Every time I tried it says the file does not exist. If you show us how you're trying to do it, somebody may be able to spot your error. PS: http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
hiiiiiiiiiiii see this webpage
http://123maza.com/65/papaya846/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On Tue, 2011-07-05 at 22:54 -0700, Phlip wrote: Pythonistas Consider this hashing code: import hashlib file = open(path) m = hashlib.md5() m.update(file.read()) digest = m.hexdigest() file.close() If the file were huge, the file.read() would allocate a big string and thrash memory. (Yes, in 2011 that's still a problem, because these files could be movies and whatnot.) Yes, the simple rule is do not *ever* file.read(). No matter what the year this will never be OK. Always chunk reading a file into reasonable I/O blocks. For example I use this function to copy a stream and return a SHA512 and the output streams size: def write(self, in_handle, out_handle): m = hashlib.sha512() data = in_handle.read(4096) while True: if not data: break m.update(data) out_handle.write(data) data = in_handle.read(4096) out_handle.flush() return (m.hexdigest(), in_handle.tell()) Does hashlib have a file-ready mode, to hide the streaming inside some clever DMA operations? Chunk it to something close to the block size of your underlying filesystem. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
rantingrick wrote: On Jul 5, 11:04 am, Corey Richardson kb1...@aim.com wrote: How is giving the sort method a function by which to determine the relative value of objects a control structure? Do you know what a control structure is? It's something that you use to modify control flow: if foo = bar: foo += 1 else: bar += 1 Interesting, corey. Very interesting. However the fun is yet to come so stay tuned... That's a control structurem the if-else. I don't know what Ruby calls a control structure, but that's what it is. for and while are in there too. When you run lst.sort(lambda x, y: cmp(x[1], y[1])), what happens? So are you suggesting that a control structure must have at minimum one of for, while, or if? A control structure is a structure which controls the program flow. Control structures include: * jumps (goto, gosub, comefrom, exceptions, break, continue) * loops (for, while, repeat...until) * conditional branches (if, case/switch) There may be others, although I can't think of any of hand. Jumping, looping and branching pretty much covers all the bases, I think. It excludes expressions such as ternary-if, because that doesn't control program flow, it's just an expression. A function which includes a control structure inside it is not itself a control structure, in the same way that the existence of bones inside you does not make you a bone. [...] Yes there IS and if in there and IF you look closely enough you may see two for's also. So by your own definition this (naive) code qualifies as a control structure. I see what you did there. First you put words into Cory's mouth that he did not say, they you try to criticise him based on those words -- YOUR words. No Rick, that's your definition, not Cory's. Please do not treat us as stupid. But wait just a second Corey. My statement has nothing to do with sort. sort is just the vehicle. My statement is that the cmp argument to sort IS a user defined control structure (the code block to be exact). The cmp argument to sort is not a control structure because it is not a structure and it does not control the program flow. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EXCELLENT
Stefaan Himpe wrote: Now, I have an ulterior motive in raising this issue... I can't find the original article I read! My google-fu has failed me (again...). I don't suppose anyone can recognise it and can point me at it? My sarcasm detector warns me not to add a link, although perhaps it's time for recalibration (after all, summer season started) :-) No! I was serious. I've spent *ages* trying to find the link to the article... if you know it, please share. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
sal migondis wrote: How could a belief be wrong? I believe you are a small glass of beer. Are you *actually* a small glass of beer in reality? If so, my belief is right. If you are a human being, then my belief is wrong. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
rantingrick wrote: Define best for all, and try not to make it what Rick wants. You want features? And remember i am talking about scripting/glue level languages here. Something to replace Python, Ruby, Perl, JavaScript, etc, etc not some pie-in-the-sky, single-answer-to-all- our-problems pipe dream language. * Intuitive syntax. Intuitive to who? Newbies? Then you get a language like Hypertalk, that experienced programmers hate. Experienced C programmers? Then you get something like Java. Forth programmers? Then you get something like Arc, that nobody except Paul Graham uses. (Not literally, no offence to anyone who likes Arc.) System administrators? They you get something like Perl. (It's like bash scripting only better!) Mathematicians? Then you get something like Haskell. Non-programmers? Then you could get anything from Inform7, to Applescript, to Resolver's Python-in-a-spreadsheet, to Pascal, to FoxPro, to Flash, to Javascript, to Mathematica... depending on *which* non-programmers you are aiming at. * Productivity friendly. That covers everything from Excel to Lisp, depending on who you ask. * Complex enough to solve large problems but simple enough for simple problems (that does include extending into C when needed) But if you are designing the perfect language, what do you need C for? C will no longer exist, except in museums, because Rick's perfect language will be used for everything. * Multi paradigm (problem Which is guaranteed to annoy those who believe that paradigms A, C, D and E are harmful and should be avoided... the only problem is that there is no broad agreement on which paradigm B is non-harmful. * Promotes a culture of code readability (because people read source; not just machines!). Define readability. Hypertalk, Python, Inform7 and Pascal are all readable, in radically different ways. No, Python is not a monoculture. There are the Stackless, Jython, PyPy and IronPython sub-cultures, all with their own needs, wants and desires. There are sub-cultures for embedded devices and smart phones, sub-cultures for those who use Python as a teaching language, for web development, for GUI development, and for system administration. There are the Numpy and Scipy sub-cultures, sub-cultures in the fields of linguistics and biology. Hmm. Just think how far ahead we would be if these folks would stop trying to support petty differences and focus on a singular Python language? These are not petty differences, but real differences that are important to people who have actually work to do. A sushi chef needs a different sort of knife to a brain surgeon, both of which are different to that needed by a special forces soldier deep in enemy territory, which is different again to the sort of knife is needed by some guy working in a warehouse unpacking boxes. Different jobs need different tools. There is no perfect language because different tasks need different tools, and any compromise tool that tries to do everything will be weaker than a specialist tool. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Not able to store data to dictionary because of memory limitation
On 07/06/2011 02:49 AM, Rama Rao Polneni wrote: After storing 1.99 GB data in to the dictionary, python stopped to store the remaining data in to dictionary. Is there any alternate solution to resolve this issue. Like splitting the dictionaries or writing the data to hard disk instead of writing to memory. Without details on the specifics of what you're storing in your dictionary, you might investigate the anydbm module which would allow you to have a disk-backed dictionary, but it really only works for string-string mappings. You can use shelve/pickle to marshal other data-types into strings for use in such a mapping, but there are some odd edge-cases to be aware of (updating an instance of a class doesn't change the pickled object, so you have to intentionally re-store it after you change it; I've hit unexpected scoping issues with class-names; etc). But for the general case, it might do exactly what you need to remove the 2GB cap. -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EXCELLENT
No! I was serious. I've spent *ages* trying to find the link to the article... if you know it, please share. Ok - I thought you were referring to some troll's rant with similar title. I'm probably way off, but were you referring to the RAII technique? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Acquisition_Is_Initialization -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
On Jul 6, 6:44 am, Steven D'Aprano steve +comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: A control structure is a structure which controls the program flow. Control structures include: * jumps (goto, gosub, comefrom, exceptions, break, continue) * loops (for, while, repeat...until) * conditional branches (if, case/switch) --- THIS CODE RESULTS IN A CONTROL STRUCTURE! -- lst.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x[1], y[1])) --- I am using a user defined spec as an argument to the cmp function. That spec then modifies the body of the compare function and creates a user defined control structure. You can argue all day that it is not a user defined control structure but no one is going to believe you. A function which includes a control structure inside it is not itself a control structure, Of course the FUNCTION is not a control structure (not directly). No wonder you are confused. It's the FUNCTION BODY that is the control structure. The function body that has been modified by my arguments to the cmp function. But in a way, you can say the function OWNS the code block so it is itself a control structure. Still confused? Read on... in the same way that the existence of bones inside you does not make you a bone. Bad analogy. See last comment. I see what you did there. First you put words into Cory's mouth that he did not say, they you try to criticise him based on those words -- YOUR words. I quoted Corey exactly. And why do you feel the need to answer for him? The cmp argument to sort is not a control structure because it is not a structure and it does not control the program flow. Again you lack simple reading and comprehension skills. It's not the argument that is the control structure itself. The argument is just the SPEC for creating a control structure. The control structure is the modified CODE BLOCK owned by the CMP function. The modified code block owned by the cmp function-- defined by the user through an argument spec-- controls the return value to the list sort method. USER DEFINED CONTROL STRUCTURE. Plain and simple. I don't think i can use any simpler terms to describe it. Give it up man and admit i am correct and you are wrong. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 11:41 PM, rantingrick rantingr...@gmail.com wrote: Give it up man and admit i am correct and you are wrong. Sorry. A Lawful Good character cannot tell a lie. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On Jul 6, 1:12 am, Gregory Ewing greg.ew...@canterbury.ac.nz wrote: rantingrick wrote: What he means is that On Mac, if you close all windows, the application is still running. Then that is NOT closing windows that is only ICONIFIYING/HIDING them. No, the windows really are closed. They no longer exist in any way. The application is still running, though, and its menu bar will appear if you bring it to the front (in MacOSX this is done by clicking on its dock icon; in classic MacOS it was done by selecting from the menu of running applications that was available in the top right corner of the screen). Yes but what benefit does that gain over say, Tkinter's design (because that has been your argument). I see no benefit at all. I can destroy a GUI and still have a script run, but what's the point? If you design a GRAPHICAL user interface, then once the GRAPHICAL part is removed (window), why do need the main code to stick around? And if you do, that fact has nothing to do with Tkinter and window hierarchy. I think we've gone completely off topic here. Is this another community strawman contest? Are we mass producing these things now? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
wow, tx y'all! I forgot to mention that hashlib itself is not required; I could also use Brand X. But y'all agree that blocking up the file in python adds no overhead to hashing each block in C, so hashlib in a loop it is! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Secure ssl connection with wrap_socket
On Jul 6, 4:44 am, AndDM anddima...@gmail.com wrote:
On Jul 5, 4:08 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone calderone.jeanp...@gmail.com
wrote:
On Jul 5, 4:52 am, Andrea Di Mario anddima...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi, I'm a new python user and I'm writing a small web service with ssl.
I want use a self-signed certificate like in
wiki:http://docs.python.org/dev/library/ssl.html#certificates
I've used wrap_socket, but if i try to use
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, it doesn't work with error:
urllib2.URLError: urlopen error _ssl.c:326: No root certificates
specified for verification of other-side certificates.
It works only with CERT_NONE (the default) but with this option i
could access to the service in insicure mode.
Have you some suggestions for my service?
Also specify some root certificates to use in verifying the peer's
certificate. Certificate verification works by proceeding from a
collection of root certificates which are explicitly trusted. These
are used to sign other certificates (which may in turn be used to sign
others, which in turn...). The process of certificate verification is
the process of following the signatures from the certificate in use by
the server you connect to back up the chain until you reach a root
which you have either decided to trust or not. If the signatures are
all valid and the root is one you trust, then you have established a
connection to a trusted entity. If any signature is invalid, or the
root is not one you trust, then you have not.
The root certificates are also called the ca certificates or
certificate authority certificates. `wrap_socket` accepts a
`ca_certs` argument.
Seehttp://docs.python.org/library/ssl.html#ssl-certificates
for details about that argument.
Jean-Paul
Hi Jean-Paul, i thought that with self-signed certificate i shouldn't
use ca_certs option. Now, i've created a ca-authority and i use this
command:
self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile = ca/certs/
myfriend.cert.pem, keyfile = ca/private/myfriend.key.pem,
ca_certs=/home/andrea/ca/certs/cacert.pem,
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
When i use the some machine as client-server it works, but, when i use
another machine as client, i've this:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File loginsender.py, line 48, in module
handle = url_opener.open('https://debian.andrea.it:10700/%s+%s'%
(DATA,IPIN))
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 391, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 409, in _open
'_open', req)
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 369, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File loginsender.py, line 33, in https_open
return self.do_open(self.specialized_conn_class, req)
File /usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py, line 1145, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib2.URLError: urlopen error [Errno 185090050] _ssl.c:328: error:
0B084002:x509 certificate routines:X509_load_cert_crl_file:system lib
I see that i should create a certificate with server, client and ca
autority, but i haven't clear the ca_certs option and which path i
should use.
Have you any suggestion?
You need to have the CA certificate on any machine that is going to
verify the certificate used on the SSL connection. The path just
needs to be the path to that CA certificate on the client machine.
Jean-Paul
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
rantingrick wrote: If you design a GRAPHICAL user interface, then once the GRAPHICAL part is removed (window), why do need the main code to stick around? Open your mind to ideas that go beyond your simple window-centric paradigm! There is more to graphical user interfaces than windows! In the Mac OS GUI, an application can have a menubar and no windows. Windows come and go as needed, but the menubar stays until the users quits the application. In the Unix/Linux world, there is a graphical application called xkill which has no menus and no windows, all it has is a mouse cursor! No, it does not run in the background: it is a foreground app. An extreme case, but telling. There is no absolute need for any windows at all, let alone for one privileged window to rule all the others. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extracting property getters from dir() results
On Jul 6, 3:35 am, Christian Heimes wrote: Thank you! Exactly what I wanted. -- Gnarlie http://Gnarlodious.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: wx MenuItem - icon is missing
Under windows, this displays the icon for the popup menu item. Under GTK it doesn't and there is no error message, no exception. I get different results than you. Under Ubuntu 9.04 w with wx 2.8.9.1, when I right click I see a menu item called test with little icon of a calculator or something. Under OS X 10.6 with wx 2.8.12.0 and Win XP with wx 2.8.10.1, when I right click I get this -- Traceback (most recent call last): File x.py, line 46, in onPopupMenu item = wx.MenuItem(None,-1,uTest) File /usr/local/lib/wxPython-unicode-2.8.12.0/lib/python2.6/site-packages/wx-2.8-mac-unicode/wx/_core.py, line 11481, in __init__ _core_.MenuItem_swiginit(self,_core_.new_MenuItem(*args, **kwargs)) wx._core.PyAssertionError: C++ assertion parentMenu != NULL failed at /BUILD/wxPython-src-2.8.12.0/src/common/menucmn.cpp(389) in wxMenuItemBase(): menuitem should have a menu I guess I'll have to write to the wxPython mailing list. Seriously, adding a simple menu to something is supposed to be platform independent, but we got four different results on four systems. :-( Thank you for trying out though. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
rantingrick wrote: On Jul 6, 6:44 am, Steven D'Aprano steve +comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: A control structure is a structure which controls the program flow. Control structures include: * jumps (goto, gosub, comefrom, exceptions, break, continue) * loops (for, while, repeat...until) * conditional branches (if, case/switch) --- THIS CODE RESULTS IN A CONTROL STRUCTURE! -- lst.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x[1], y[1])) No it doesn't. How does it change the program flow? You call the sort method, it sorts, and execution continues at the next statement. Regardless of whether you supply a cmp function or not, the program flow is identical: ENTER SORT ROUTINE PERFORM SORTING EXIT SORT ROUTINE There is no control transferred. It is a linear program flow: in, do the job, out again. Since it doesn't modify the program flow, it is not a control structure. Perform sorting is a black box. It could have loops, branches, unconditional exists. It could have COMEFROM statements up the wazoo, if it were implemented in a language with COMEFROM (like Intercal). None of that matters two bits: the caller cannot use sort to modify the execution sequence around it, therefore it's not a control structure. No matter how much the sort routine jumps around internally, you can't use that change program flow around it. print surely is implemented with a loop: it has to loop over a string and write it to stdout. Would you say that therefore print is a control structure: ENTER PRINT STATEMENT PERFORM PRINTING EXIT PRINT STATEMENT One entry, one exit. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
interactive plots
How do I do interactive plots in python? Say I have to plot f(x) and g(x) and I want in the plot to be able to click on f and make it disappear. Any python library that does this? thanks, --mihai -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
trouble creating tooltips using Wx in Tk canvas
Hi all,
Hi all,
I am having a trouble creating tooltips. I am trying to embed a
matplotlib graph inside a TkInter canvas. After some search over the
net, I found out a way to create tooltips using the WXbackend.
But when I embed my matplotlib figure inside a Tk and the tooltips
are not getting displayed.
The error I am getting is below.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File U:\graphing_tool\plotinsideTkInter\plotInTk.py, line 12, in
module
tooltip = wx.ToolTip(tip='tip with a long %s line and a newline\n'
% (' '*100)) # needs to be added to getover the bug with tooltip.
File C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\_misc.py,
line 771, in __init__
_misc_.ToolTip_swiginit(self,_misc_.new_ToolTip(*args, **kwargs))
PyNoAppError: The wx.App object must be created first!
I am not able to figure out the reason. I am trying to use IDLE for
running the script using python 2.7. I tried running from commandline
as well but still i face the same error. Following is the piece of
code I have used.
I created a simple 'sin' wave using matplotlib. and a button. Added
them to a TkFrame.
and then binded the code using
self.f.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event',_onMotion)
to '_onMotion' function, where I am printing the toooltip.
Can somebody please help me solving the issue.
Code I have used is below.
#!/usr/apps/Python/bin/python
import matplotlib, sys
matplotlib.use('WXAgg')
matplotlib.interactive(False)
import numpy as np
from numpy import arange, sin, pi
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg,
NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import wx
import Tkinter
tooltip = wx.ToolTip(tip='tip with a long %s line and a newline\n' %
(' '*100))
# needs to be added to getover the bug with tooltip.
def alt():
print 'My Button'
def _onMotion(event):
print Xvalue:,event.xdata, Yvalue:,event.ydata
tip= Xvalue:{0}, Yvalue: {1}.format(event.xdata,event.ydata)
tooltip.SetTip(tip)
tooltip.Enable(True)
class myClass(Tkinter.Tk):
def __init__(self,parent):
Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent)
#global _onMotion
self.parent=parent
self.buildFigure()
def buildFigure(self):
self.f=plt.figure()
self.f = plt.figure(figsize=(5,4))
self.a = self.f.add_subplot(111)
self.t =
np.array([0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.07,0.09,1.7,1.9,2.3,2.5,2.7,2.9])
self.s = sin(2*pi*self.t)
self.a.plot(self.t,self.s)
self.dataPlot = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.f, master=self)
self.f.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event',_onMotion)
self.dataPlot.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both')
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg( self.dataPlot, self )
self.toolbar.update()
self.toolbar.pack()
self.btn=Tkinter.Button(self, text='btton',command=alt)
self.btn.pack(ipadx=250)
def alt (self):
print 9
if __name__ == __main__:
app = myClass(None)
app.title('Embedding in Tk')
app.mainloop()
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On Jul 6, 9:32 am, Steven D'Aprano steve +comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: rantingrick wrote: If you design a GRAPHICAL user interface, then once the GRAPHICAL part is removed (window), why do need the main code to stick around? Open your mind to ideas that go beyond your simple window-centric paradigm! Correction: Window-Centric GUI paradigm! BIG DIFFERENCE. There is more to graphical user interfaces than windows! OMG, you mean like, widgets? Whoa! Tell me more, Tell me more! In the Mac OS GUI, an application can have a menubar and no windows. Windows come and go as needed, but the menubar stays until the users quits the application. That's just window visibility (whether by hiding or destroying) under the veil of a detached UI window manager bar and has nothing to do with window hierarchy. Your half stuffed straw men are leaking like a sieve Steven. In the Unix/Linux world, there is a graphical application called xkill which has no menus and no windows, all it has is a mouse cursor! No, it does not run in the background: it is a foreground app. Wow nice corner case. Can you come up with at least five of them though? You and I both know that the vast majority of GUI's require visible windows. But wait! What is a GUI WINDOW exactly? I'll tell you in the simplest terms i can muster... GUI windows are an abstraction and nothing more. A GUI window is nothing more than an imaginary area of the screen that can be drawn to. This area has borders that define it. No not visible borders but two dimensional spacial borders. THAT'S IT! The area could be 1x1 pixels OR the entire screen space, OR even larger! Most time you want the user to see the boundaries of this abstraction (window) space and so the GUI library draws borders that represent this boundary. Your supposedly windowless xkill application is not windowless at all; THE WINDOW BOUNDARIES ARE JUST NOT DRAWN! The window is the entire screen space OR IS JUST THE DESKTOP SPACE (same thing) An extreme case, but telling. There is no absolute need for any windows at all, let alone for one privileged window to rule all the others. Again your fear of losing imaginary freedoms is acting out again. And your veiled attempts to link root GUI windows and Sauron (the great antagonist of LOTH) is quite entertaining. Next you'll suggest that root windows are really just a great eye, lidless, and wreathed in flame and that i am Saruman building an army of Orc followers hell bent on destroying the freedom to believe self serving fantasies. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
On 2011-07-06, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 11:41 PM, rantingrick rantingr...@gmail.com wrote: Give it up man and admit i am correct and you are wrong. Sorry. A Lawful Good character cannot tell a lie. Lawful Good characters have a hard time coexisting with the Chaotic Neutrals. -- Neil Cerutti -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: wx MenuItem - icon is missing
On Jul 6, 2011, at 2:25 AM, Laszlo Nagy wrote: Under windows, this displays the icon for the popup menu item. Under GTK it doesn't and there is no error message, no exception. I get different results than you. Under Ubuntu 9.04 w with wx 2.8.9.1, when I right click I see a menu item called test with little icon of a calculator or something. Under OS X 10.6 with wx 2.8.12.0 and Win XP with wx 2.8.10.1, when I right click I get this -- Traceback (most recent call last): File x.py, line 46, in onPopupMenu item = wx.MenuItem(None,-1,uTest) File /usr/local/lib/wxPython-unicode-2.8.12.0/lib/python2.6/site-packages/wx-2.8-mac-unicode/wx/_core.py, line 11481, in __init__ _core_.MenuItem_swiginit(self,_core_.new_MenuItem(*args, **kwargs)) wx._core.PyAssertionError: C++ assertion parentMenu != NULL failed at /BUILD/wxPython-src-2.8.12.0/src/common/menucmn.cpp(389) in wxMenuItemBase(): menuitem should have a menu I guess I'll have to write to the wxPython mailing list. Seriously, adding a simple menu to something is supposed to be platform independent, but we got four different results on four systems. :-( I can understand why it's frustrating but a menu items with icons on them aren't exactly common, so you're wandering into territory that's probably not so throughly explored (nor standard across platforms). Now that I think about it, I don't know that I've ever seen one under OSX, and I don't even know if it's supported at all. Me, I would start by addressing the error in the traceback. wx doesn't seem happy with an orphan menu item; why not create a wx.Menu and assign the menu item to that? It might solve your icon problem; you never know. In defense of wxPython, we have three wx apps in our project and they contain very little platform-specific code. To be fair, we've had to rewrite some code after we found that it worked on one platform but not another, but generally we're able to find code that works on all platforms. We have only a couple of places where we were forced to resort to this kind of thing: if wx.Platform == __WXGTK__: do X elif wx.Platform == __WXMAC__: do Y etc. Thank you for trying out though. You're welcome. VirtualBox helped. bye Philip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
On Jul 6, 9:55 am, Steven D'Aprano steve +comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: rantingrick wrote: --- THIS CODE RESULTS IN A CONTROL STRUCTURE! -- lst.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x[1], y[1])) No it doesn't. How does it change the program flow? You call the sort method, it sorts, and execution continues at the next statement. Regardless of whether you supply a cmp function or not, the program flow is identical: Not identical. The sort called WITHOUT a cmp argument will sort in a predefined manner. The sort called WITH a cmp argument can modify the existing code block in a way that suits a users desired result. A USER DEFINED CONTROL STRUCTURE. Just because this realization breaks the mold of everything you hold dear about user defined control structures does not mean it is incorrect. For some reason you are religious about this subject. Could it be that you are wrong? ENTER SORT ROUTINE PERFORM SORTING EXIT SORT ROUTINE True for the non-modified case. False for the modified one... ENTER SORT ROUTINE PERFORM SORTING BASED ON USER DEFINED CONTROL EXIT SORT ROUTINE There is no control transferred. It is a linear program flow: in, do the job, out again. Since it doesn't modify the program flow, it is not a control structure. So you are telling me that calling cmp(itemsA[idx], itemsB[idx]) is exactly the same as cmp(itemsA[idx][-1], itemsB[idx[-1])? Please show proof of this in code. You have just witnessed the power of user defined control structures and it has rocked your little world. You believed UDCS to be evil, all the while oblivious to your own everyday usage of them. Now that's ironic. Cruel or poetic, you be the judge. Perform sorting is a black box. It could have loops, branches, unconditional exists. It could have COMEFROM statements up the wazoo, if it were implemented in a language with COMEFROM (like Intercal). None of that matters two bits: the caller cannot use sort to modify the execution sequence around it, therefore it's not a control structure. No matter how much the sort routine jumps around internally, you can't use that change program flow around it. The jumping(sic) around is controlled by a user defined spec. The user is in control. The user made the definition. The cmp function just implemented it. print surely is implemented with a loop: it has to loop over a string and write it to stdout. Would you say that therefore print is a control structure: ENTER PRINT STATEMENT PERFORM PRINTING EXIT PRINT STATEMENT Nope. Print only takes an argument and spits out the result to stdout.write. Print is an abstraction API for system.stdout.write, and nothing more. One entry, one exit. As evident from all the BS you spew on a daily basis, apparently YOU have one entry and one exit! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Tx, all!. But... For example I use this function to copy a stream and return a SHA512 and the output streams size: def write(self, in_handle, out_handle): m = hashlib.sha512() data = in_handle.read(4096) while True: if not data: break m.update(data) out_handle.write(data) data = in_handle.read(4096) out_handle.flush() return (m.hexdigest(), in_handle.tell()) The operation was a success but the patient died. My version of that did not return the same hex digest as the md5sum version: def file_to_hash(path, m = hashlib.md5()): with open(path, 'r') as f: s = f.read(8192) while s: m.update(s) s = f.read(8192) return m.hexdigest() You'll notice it has the same control flow as yours. That number must eventually match an iPad's internal MD5 opinion of that file, after it copies up, so I naturally cannot continue working this problem until we see which of the two numbers the iPad likes! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
rantingrick wrote: In the Mac OS GUI, an application can have a menubar and no windows. Windows come and go as needed, but the menubar stays until the users quits the application. That's just window visibility (whether by hiding or destroying) under the veil of a detached UI window manager bar and has nothing to do with window hierarchy. If all the windows are destroyed, and the application still is running and active, where is your window hierarchy? The Dead Window Sketch == (with apologies to Monty Python) Customer enters a pet shop. Customer: 'Ello, I wish to register a complaint. Owner: We're closin' for lunch. Customer: Never mind that, my lad. I wish to complain about this GUI window what I purchased not half an hour ago from this very boutique. Owner: Oh yes, the Norwegian Blue. What's wrong with it? Customer: I'll tell you what's wrong with it, my lad. It's deleted, that's what's wrong with it! Owner: No, no, it's resting! Customer: Look, matey, I know a deleted window when I see one, and I'm looking at one right now. Owner: No no it's not deleted, it's restin'! Remarkable window, the Norwegian Blue. Beautiful widgets! Customer: The widgets don't enter into it. It's completely destroyed. Owner: Nononono, no, no! It's resting! Customer: All right then, if it's restin', I'll wake it up! (shouting at the screen) 'Ello, Mister Wally Window! I've got a lovely fresh icon for you if you show... (owner hits the screen) Owner: There, it refreshed! Customer: No, it didn't, that was you hitting the screen! Owner: I never!! Customer: Yes, you did! Owner: I never, never did anything... Customer: (yelling and hitting the screen repeatedly) 'ELLO WINDOW!!! WAKEY WAKEY! This is your notification signal!!! (takes the window out of the screen and thumps its title bar on the counter. Throws it up in the air and watches it plummet to the floor.) Customer: Now that's what I call a dead window. Owner: No, no... No, it's stunned! Customer: STUNNED?!? Owner: Yeah! You stunned it, just as it was maximising! Norwegian Blues stun easily. Customer: Now look, mate, I've definitely 'ad enough of this! That window is definitely deleted, and when I purchased it not 'alf an hour ago, you assured me that its lack of an entry in the task bar was due to it bein' tired and shagged out following a long refresh! Owner: Well, it's... probably pining for the fjords. Customer: PININ' for the FJORDS?!?!?!? What kind of talk is that? Look, why did it fall flat on its back the moment I got it home? Owner: The Norwegian Blue prefers being minimised on its back! Remarkable bird, i'nit, squire? Lovely scroll bars! Customer: Look, I took the liberty of examining that window when I got it home, and I discovered the only reason that the window was still visible in the first place was that it had been NAILED there. (pause) Owner: Well, o'course it was nailed there! If I hadn't nailed that window down, it would have nuzzled up to those pixels, bent 'em apart with its cursor, and VOOM! Feeweeweewee! Customer: VOOM?!? Mate, this window wouldn't voom if you put four million volts through it! Its bleedin' memory is reclaimed! Owner: No no! It's pining! Customer: It's not pinin'! It's purged! This window is no more! It's pointer has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet the memory manager! Bereft of bytes, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the screen it'd be a Flash animation in a browser by now! It's callbacks are now 'istory! Its ref count is zero! It's called the garbage collector, its blocks have been cleared, shuffled off this mortal coil, run down the curtain and joined the bleedin' choir invisibile!! THIS IS AN EX-WINDOW!! (pause) Owner: Well, I'd better replace it, then. (he takes a quick peek behind the counter) Owner: Sorry squire, I've had a look 'round the back of the shop, and uh, we're right out of windows. Customer: I see. I see, I get the picture. Owner: I got a DOS batch file. (pause) Customer: (sweet as sugar) Pray, does it talk? Owner: Yes. Customer: Right, I'll have that one then. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On Thu, Jul 7, 2011 at 1:10 AM, rantingrick rantingr...@gmail.com wrote: On Jul 6, 9:32 am, Steven D'Aprano steve +comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: Open your mind to ideas that go beyond your simple window-centric paradigm! Correction: Window-Centric GUI paradigm! BIG DIFFERENCE. There is more to graphical user interfaces than windows! OMG, you mean like, widgets? Whoa! Tell me more, Tell me more! Okay, Window-Centric GUI Paradigm. There's still more to it than windows and widgets and mouse cursors and so on. Underneath it all is CODE. In some graphical applications, the code is relatively trivial. A desktop calculator is just there to get input graphically and give output graphically. In those, once you destroy the window, you may as well terminate the application. But in others the code drastically outweighs the windowing work. I don't have a good example handy, but I have a bad example; our (antique) accounting package has an hours-long year end process that we do at the beginning of each July, and it chugs through its database work while painting a pretty animation of a hand scribing a book. It would be far more efficient to simply close the window and proceed with the work; but the window was necessary for collecting certain parameters from the user, prior to the start of the long job. There's more to a windowed program than its window. In the Mac OS GUI, an application can have a menubar and no windows. Windows come and go as needed, but the menubar stays until the users quits the application. That's just window visibility (whether by hiding or destroying) under the veil of a detached UI window manager bar and has nothing to do with window hierarchy. Your half stuffed straw men are leaking like a sieve Steven. It can be implemented with window visibility. That's not the same thing. If I want to be in Sydney tomorrow, I want to cease existing here and begin existing there. That can be implemented by burning petrol in an internal combustion engine and turning some rubber wheels. If I turn up in Sydney tomorrow, and argue vehemently that I did not drive, are you going to insist that I did, or would you accept that perhaps I took a train instead? In the Unix/Linux world, there is a graphical application called xkill which has no menus and no windows, all it has is a mouse cursor! No, it does not run in the background: it is a foreground app. Wow nice corner case. Can you come up with at least five of them though? You and I both know that the vast majority of GUI's require visible windows. Five corner cases. Okay. One is xkill; if I can find four more, we run out of corners and they're not corner cases any more - is that it? 1) See above. 2) Win2VNC. Doesn't actually paint a window on the screen, it just watches where the mouse goes - move the mouse off the edge of the screen, and it wraps and hides it. Very cool. 3) Firewall software with a graphical config notebook. I think ZoneAlarm actually just hides its window, but that's not strictly necessary. (My preferred firewall setup, though, has no GUI at all - iptables etc is all I need.) 4) Clipboard Converter. An old app that I wrote a while ago that, whenever you copy anything to the clipboard, runs it through a script and puts the result back on the clipboard. Handier than you might think. 5) Hotkey manager. It watches for keystrokes and replaces them with other actions. Implemented as an input hook with injection facilities. Enjoy. But wait! What is a GUI WINDOW exactly? I'll tell you in the simplest terms i can muster... GUI windows are an abstraction and nothing more. *Everything* in a computer is an abstraction. People are fond of saying that computers only work with 1s and 0s - that's not strictly true, those numbers represent electrical signals. And those electrical signals represent data which usually carries information. It's turtles all the way down. A GUI window is nothing more than an imaginary area of the screen that can be drawn to. This area has borders that define it. No not visible borders but two dimensional spacial borders. THAT'S IT! The area could be 1x1 pixels OR the entire screen space, OR even larger! Leaving off the imaginary, all you're saying is that a window is a rectangular area of screen. That's not quite true; not all windows/widgets have a painting area. A window is an object - and that object can choose to request certain resources, including a portion of its parent window's painting area if desired. (A top-level window's parent is either a Screen or a Desktop, depending on your implementation.) Most time you want the user to see the boundaries of this abstraction (window) space and so the GUI library draws borders that represent this boundary. Your supposedly windowless xkill application is not windowless at all; THE WINDOW BOUNDARIES ARE JUST NOT DRAWN! The window is the entire screen space OR IS JUST THE DESKTOP SPACE (same thing) Boundaries have nothing to
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Phlip wrote: Tx, all!. But... For example I use this function to copy a stream and return a SHA512 and the output streams size: def write(self, in_handle, out_handle): m = hashlib.sha512() data = in_handle.read(4096) while True: if not data: break m.update(data) out_handle.write(data) data = in_handle.read(4096) out_handle.flush() return (m.hexdigest(), in_handle.tell()) The operation was a success but the patient died. My version of that did not return the same hex digest as the md5sum version: def file_to_hash(path, m = hashlib.md5()): with open(path, 'r') as f: s = f.read(8192) while s: m.update(s) s = f.read(8192) return m.hexdigest() You'll notice it has the same control flow as yours. That number must eventually match an iPad's internal MD5 opinion of that file, after it copies up, so I naturally cannot continue working this problem until we see which of the two numbers the iPad likes! - Open the file in binary mode. - Do the usual dance for default arguments: def file_to_hash(path, m=None): if m is None: m = hashlib.md5() -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EXCELLENT
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 12:49 AM, Ulrich Eckhardt ulrich.eckha...@dominolaser.com wrote: Mel wrote: In wx, many of the window classes have Create methods, for filling in various attributes in two-step construction. I'm not sure why, because it works so well to just supply all the details when the class is called and an instance is constructed. Maybe there's some C++ strategy that's being supported there. Just guessing, is it legacy, C-with-classes code rather than C++ code perhaps? Haven't looked at wx for a while. Such code typically lacks understanding of exceptions, which are the only way to signal failure from e.g. constructors. No, wx is C++ through and through. For the why of it, see: http://wiki.wxpython.org/TwoStageCreation The More Details section is particularly illuminating. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Javacv / google apps
Hi, Is it possible to use JavaCV with Google apps engine? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EXCELLENT
Ian Kelly wrote: On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 12:49 AM, Ulrich Eckhardt ulrich.eckha...@dominolaser.com wrote: Mel wrote: In wx, many of the window classes have Create methods, for filling in various attributes in two-step construction. I'm not sure why, because it works so well to just supply all the details when the class is called and an instance is constructed. Maybe there's some C++ strategy that's being supported there. Just guessing, is it legacy, C-with-classes code rather than C++ code perhaps? Haven't looked at wx for a while. Such code typically lacks understanding of exceptions, which are the only way to signal failure from e.g. constructors. No, wx is C++ through and through. For the why of it, see: http://wiki.wxpython.org/TwoStageCreation The More Details section is particularly illuminating. Yes, it is. Many thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
- Open the file in binary mode. I had tried open(path, 'rb') and it didn't change the wrong number. And I added --binary to my evil md5sum version, and it didn't change the right number! Gods bless those legacy hacks that will never die, huh? But I'm using Ubuntu (inside VMWare, on Win7, on a Core i7, because I rule), so that might explain why binary mode is a no-op. - Do the usual dance for default arguments: def file_to_hash(path, m=None): if m is None: m = hashlib.md5() Not sure why if that's what the defaulter does? I did indeed get an MD5-style string of what casually appeared to be the right length, so that implies the defaulter is not to blame... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On 2011.07.06 11:11 AM, Steven D'Aprano wrote: The Dead Window Sketch == As much as I hate it when people feed trolls, that was pretty funny. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The end to all language wars and the great unity API to come!
* 2011-07-06T06:41:52-07:00 * rantingr...@gmail.com wrote: I am using a user defined spec as an argument to the cmp function. That spec then modifies the body of the compare function and creates a user defined control structure. You can argue all day that it is not a user defined control structure but no one is going to believe you. I won't argue all day, I'll just show you an example of a user defined control structure. This is like the standard (DOTIMES (VAR COUNT) BODY) macro expect that it executes BODY forms first forwards and then backwards. The iterator variable VAR goes first up from 0 and then down to 0. (defmacro ping-pong-iterator ((var count optional result) body body) `(progn (loop for ,var from 0 below ,count do (progn ,@body)) (loop for ,var from (1- ,count) downto 0 do (progn ,@(reverse body)) finally (return ,result CL-USER (ping-pong-iterator (i 3 ready) (format t form 1: ~A~% i) (format t form 2: ~A~% i) (format t form 3: ~A~% i) (format t ~%)) form 1: 0 form 2: 0 form 3: 0 form 1: 1 form 2: 1 form 3: 1 form 1: 2 form 2: 2 form 3: 2 form 3: 2 form 2: 2 form 1: 2 form 3: 1 form 2: 1 form 1: 1 form 3: 0 form 2: 0 form 1: 0 = ready -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
Dnia Wed, 6 Jul 2011 08:10:27 -0700 (PDT), rantingrick napisał(a): In the Unix/Linux world, there is a graphical application called xkill which has no menus and no windows, all it has is a mouse cursor! No, it does not run in the background: it is a foreground app. Wow nice corner case. Can you come up with at least five of them though? You and I both know that the vast majority of GUI's require visible windows. - 90% of MS DOS games; should I list them here? ;-) - M$ Windows taskbar-only applications - Linux apps using framebuffer but not X One could argue that the second and the third case are - in one way or another - using windows. But not the first case, and I don't think you'd call them GUI-less. Br. Waldek -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive plots
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 9:04 AM, Mihai Badoiu mbad...@gmail.com wrote: How do I do interactive plots in python? Say I have to plot f(x) and g(x) and I want in the plot to be able to click on f and make it disappear. Any python library that does this? Matplotlib can be integrated with either wxPython or PyQt to create GUI applications with interactive plots. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Phlip wrote: - Open the file in binary mode. I had tried open(path, 'rb') and it didn't change the wrong number. And I added --binary to my evil md5sum version, and it didn't change the right number! Gods bless those legacy hacks that will never die, huh? But I'm using Ubuntu (inside VMWare, on Win7, on a Core i7, because I rule), so that might explain why binary mode is a no-op. Indeed. That part was a defensive measure mostly meant to make your function Windows-proof. - Do the usual dance for default arguments: def file_to_hash(path, m=None): if m is None: m = hashlib.md5() Not sure why if that's what the defaulter does? I did indeed get an MD5-style string of what casually appeared to be the right length, so that implies the defaulter is not to blame... The first call will give you the correct checksum, the second: not. As the default md5 instance remembers the state from the previous function call you'll get the checksum of both files combined. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On 07/06/2011 11:24 AM, Chris Angelico wrote: On Thu, Jul 7, 2011 at 1:10 AM, rantingrickrantingr...@gmail.com wrote: Wow nice corner case. Can you come up with at least five of them though? You and I both know that the vast majority of GUI's require visible windows. Five corner cases. Okay. One is xkill; if I can find four more, we run out of corners and they're not corner cases any more - is that it? 1) See above. 2) Win2VNC. Doesn't actually paint a window on the screen, it just watches where the mouse goes - move the mouse off the edge of the screen, and it wraps and hides it. Very cool. 3) Firewall software with a graphical config notebook. I think ZoneAlarm actually just hides its window, but that's not strictly necessary. (My preferred firewall setup, though, has no GUI at all - iptables etc is all I need.) 4) Clipboard Converter. An old app that I wrote a while ago that, whenever you copy anything to the clipboard, runs it through a script and puts the result back on the clipboard. Handier than you might think. 5) Hotkey manager. It watches for keystrokes and replaces them with other actions. Implemented as an input hook with injection facilities. 6) possibly xneko (just mouse-cursor amusements) 7) screen-shot/print-screen software (several such as scrot don't have an actual window, just a process that interacts with the other windows) 8) AutoHotkey and other keystroke-monitors (or mouse-gesture-monitors) to expand text, send key-sequences, launch programs, reconfigure windows, signal changes in display-configuration, etc 9) other clipboard utilities such as xclip or multi-clipboard functionality 10) DPMI screen-savers (that only listen for key/mouse activity and send a blank-screen signal to the monitor after a given period of inactivity) I think there are sufficiently many edge cases this formerly-square room is starting to look round... I regret that I am now in the position of following an awesome post with a somewhat mediocre one. Steven, the Dead Window Sketch is awesome! agreed :) -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
Andrew Berg wrote: On 2011.07.06 11:11 AM, Steven D'Aprano wrote: The Dead Window Sketch == As much as I hate it when people feed trolls, that was pretty funny. Thanks. Re the troll-feeding, every few months I get a strange seizure in my brain that compels me to interact with rantingrick and try to treat him seriously. It never ends well, he always ends up back in my killfile. Call it the triumph of hope over experience. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
Five more good entries (though I think #8 and #9 are mostly covered already). But hey, we have at least an octagon to work in. On Thu, Jul 7, 2011 at 3:37 AM, Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.com wrote: I think there are sufficiently many edge cases this formerly-square room is starting to look round... The room is starting to look round? Eek, it might see us! *flees* ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
def file_to_hash(path, m=None): if m is None: m = hashlib.md5() The first call will give you the correct checksum, the second: not. As the default md5 instance remembers the state from the previous function call you'll get the checksum of both files combined. Ouch. That was it. Python sucks. m = md5() looks like an initial assignment, not a special magic storage mode. Principle of least surprise fail, and principle of most helpful default behavior fail. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
- Do the usual dance for default arguments:
def file_to_hash(path, m=None):
if m is None:
m = hashlib.md5()
[instead of
def file_to_hash(path, m = hashlib.md5()):
]
In article b317226a-8008-4177-aaa6-3fdc30125...@e20g2000prf.googlegroups.com
Phlip phlip2...@gmail.com wrote:
Not sure why if that's what the defaulter does?
For the same reason that:
def spam(somelist, so_far = []):
for i in somelist:
if has_eggs(i):
so_far.append(i)
return munch(so_far)
is probably wrong. Most beginners appear to expect this to take
a list of things that pass my has_eggs test, add more things
to that list, and return whatever munch(adjusted_list) returns ...
which it does. But then they *also* expect:
result1_on_clean_list = spam(list1)
result2_on_clean_list = spam(list2)
result3_on_partly_filled_list = spam(list3, prefilled3)
to run with a clean so_far list for *each* of the first two
calls ... but it does not; the first call starts with a clean
list, and the second one starts with so_far containing all
the results accumulated from list1.
(The third call, of course, starts with the prefilled3 list and
adjusts that list.)
I did indeed get an MD5-style string of what casually appeared
to be the right length, so that implies the defaulter is not to
blame...
In this case, if you do:
print('big1:', file_to_hash('big1'))
print('big2:', file_to_hash('big2'))
you will get two md5sum values for your two files, but the
md5sum value for big2 will not be the equivalent of md5sum big2
but rather that of cat big1 big2 | md5sum. The reason is
that you are re-using the md5-sum-so-far on the second call
(for file 'big2'), so you have the accumulated sum from file
'big1', which you then update via the contents of 'big2'.
--
In-Real-Life: Chris Torek, Wind River Systems
Intel require I note that my opinions are not those of WRS or Intel
Salt Lake City, UT, USA (40°39.22'N, 111°50.29'W) +1 801 277 2603
email: gmail (figure it out) http://web.torek.net/torek/index.html
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive plots
On 07/06/2011 09:59 AM, Ian Kelly wrote: On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 9:04 AM, Mihai Badoiumbad...@gmail.com wrote: How do I do interactive plots in python? Say I have to plot f(x) and g(x) and I want in the plot to be able to click on f and make it disappear. Any python library that does this? Matplotlib can be integrated with either wxPython or PyQt to create GUI applications with interactive plots. PyGTK interface too. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On Jul 6, 11:11 am, Steven D'Aprano steve +comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: The Dead Window Sketch == [snip] ## The Roman Stawman Sketch ## [cmp.lang.python]: (The trolls are gathered and a righteous man speaks.) GRACCHUS: For your guidance TrollCaesar, the Senate has prepared a series of protocols to address the many problems in the community, beginning with basic understanding of USER DEFINED CONTROL STRUCTURES, which is already propagated wildly throughout the community and people are suffering gravely from a misunderstanding. So if TrollCaesar… (Obviously bored, Commodus is spinning his sword on its tip on the marble floor. He interrupts.) COMMODUS: Shhh. Don’t you see Gracchus? That’s the very problem, isn’t it? You've spent all your time at study, at books, learning and programming. All the while my self aggrandizing has been forgotten by the people. (He rises and brings his sword to rest across his shoulders. He begins to pace.) GRACCHUS: But comp.lang.python is the people, Sire, chosen from among the people, a place to speak for the people. COMMODUS: I doubt if many people know as much as you do Gracchus, or have such splendid code bases, Gaius. I think I understand my own people. GRACCHUS: Then perhaps TrollCaesar would be so kind as to teach us, out of his own extensive experience about the nature of USER DEFINED CONTROL STRUCTURES. (Laughter is heard from the other group members.) COMMODUS: I call it lies. The people are my children and I their father. I shall hold them to my bosom and embrace them tightly with lies and propaganda. GRACCHUS(interrupting): Have you ever embraced someone dying of exceptions, Sire? (Commodus stops pacing and turns to face Gracchus bringing his sword down from his shoulder.) COMMODUS: No, but if you interrupt me again, I assure you, that you shall! [INT. PALACE – COMMODUS CHAMBERS]: (He is struggling to clear his conscience. Lucilla assists him.) COMMODUS: Who would deign to lecture me? LUCILLA: Commodus, the community has its uses. COMMODUS: What uses? All they do is talk. It should be just you and me, and Guido. LUCILLA: Don’t even think it. There has always been a community. COMMODUS: The community has changed. It takes an emperor to rule an empire. LUCILLA: Of course, but leave the people their (She hesitates, searching for the right word.) COMMODUS: Illusions? LUCILLA: Traditions. COMMODUS: My war against the righteous, they said it themselves, it achieved nothing. But the minions loved me! LUCILLA: Minions always love victories. COMMODUS: Why? They didn’t see all the work that went into stuffing those straw-men. LUCILLA: They care about the entertainment. COMMODUS: The Entertainment? Well what is that? LUCILLA: It’s a way to waste time, entertainment. Entertainment is a vision. COMMODUS: Exactly! A vision. Do you not see, Lucilla? I will give the people a vision, a false vision and they will love me for it. And they’ll soon forget the tedious sermonizing of a few honest group members. (He extends his hand to her and without hesitation, she accepts it. Commodus raises her hand to his lips and kisses it.) COMMODUS: I will give the people the greatest false vision of their lives... Strawmen! Legions of them! (A hand reaches out and opens a mail reader. It is Usenet. And a thread called the Dead Window Sketch. The splendor of his false victory.) [EXT. Rome – MARKET]: (Gaius approaches Gracchus at an outdoor café (starbucks). Gaius is waving a leaflet advertising “Comp.lang.python.Gladiators_Violante.”) GAIUS: Straw-men. 150 days of Straw-men! GRACCHUS: He’s cleverer than I thought. GAIUS: Clever? The whole of cmp.lang.python would be laughing at him if they weren't so afraid of his forked tongue. GRACCHUS: Fear and wonder. A powerful combination. GAIUS: You really think the people will be seduced by that? GRACCHUS: I think he knows what comp.lang.python is. Comp.lang.python is the mob. He will conjure comedy for them and they will be distracted. He will take away their freedom to think with half stuffed straw-men, and still they will roar. The beating heart of comp.lang.python is not the halls of righteousness; it is the den of minions. He will give them tripe, and they will love him for it. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: trouble creating tooltips using Wx in Tk canvas
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 9:12 AM, Ravikanth vvnrk.vanapa...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi all,
Hi all,
I am having a trouble creating tooltips. I am trying to embed a
matplotlib graph inside a TkInter canvas. After some search over the
net, I found out a way to create tooltips using the WXbackend.
But when I embed my matplotlib figure inside a Tk and the tooltips
are not getting displayed.
That's pretty much what I would expect, since wxPython and Tkinter are
completely different GUI libraries. Trying to use them together is a
bit like trying to call a .NET function from Java -- maybe possible,
but it's going to take a lot of work.
The error I am getting is below.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File U:\graphing_tool\plotinsideTkInter\plotInTk.py, line 12, in
module
tooltip = wx.ToolTip(tip='tip with a long %s line and a newline\n'
% (' '*100)) # needs to be added to getover the bug with tooltip.
File C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\_misc.py,
line 771, in __init__
_misc_.ToolTip_swiginit(self,_misc_.new_ToolTip(*args, **kwargs))
PyNoAppError: The wx.App object must be created first!
I am not able to figure out the reason.
As it says, you haven't created the wx.App object necessary for pretty
much all wxPython code. You could create one, but your tooltip still
would not work correctly because you would be running the Tkinter
event loop rather than the wxPython event loop. If you want to use
the wxToolTip widget, then you should write your program to use
wxPython only. Alternatively, googling for tkinter tooltip turns up
a couple of recipes; you could try one of those.
Cheers,
Ian
--
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Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On 2011.07.06 01:19 PM, rantingrick wrote: ## The Roman Stawman Sketch ## Nice try, but you have to use a Monty Python sketch (and you have to spell correctly :-P ). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On 2011.07.06 12:38 PM, Phlip wrote: Python sucks. m = md5() looks like an initial assignment, not a special magic storage mode. Principle of least surprise fail, and principle of most helpful default behavior fail. func() = whatever the function returns func = the function object itself (in Python, everything's an object) Maybe you have Python confused with another language (I don't know what exactly you mean by initial assignment). Typically one does not need more than one name for a function/method. When a function/method is defined, it gets created as a function object and occupies the namespace in which it's defined. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On Jul 6, 11:42 am, Andrew Berg bahamutzero8...@gmail.com wrote: On 2011.07.06 12:38 PM, Phlip wrote: Python sucks. m = md5() looks like an initial assignment, not a special magic storage mode. Principle of least surprise fail, and principle of most helpful default behavior fail. func() = whatever the function returns func = the function object itself (in Python, everything's an object) Maybe you have Python confused with another language (I don't know what exactly you mean by initial assignment). Typically one does not need more than one name for a function/method. When a function/method is defined, it gets created as a function object and occupies the namespace in which it's defined. If I call m = md5() twice, I expect two objects. I am now aware that Python bends the definition of call based on where the line occurs. Principle of least surprise. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 3:07 PM, Phlip phlip2...@gmail.com wrote: On Jul 6, 11:42 am, Andrew Berg bahamutzero8...@gmail.com wrote: On 2011.07.06 12:38 PM, Phlip wrote: Python sucks. m = md5() looks like an initial assignment, not a special magic storage mode. Principle of least surprise fail, and principle of most helpful default behavior fail. func() = whatever the function returns func = the function object itself (in Python, everything's an object) Maybe you have Python confused with another language (I don't know what exactly you mean by initial assignment). Typically one does not need more than one name for a function/method. When a function/method is defined, it gets created as a function object and occupies the namespace in which it's defined. If I call m = md5() twice, I expect two objects. I am now aware that Python bends the definition of call based on where the line occurs. Principle of least surprise. Python doesn't do anything to the definition of call. If you call hashlib.md5() twice, you get two objects: import hashlib m1 = hashlib.md5() m2 = hashlib.md5() id(m1) 139724897544712 id(m2) 139724897544880 Geremy Condra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 12:36 PM, Andrew Berg bahamutzero8...@gmail.com wrote: On 2011.07.06 01:19 PM, rantingrick wrote: ## The Roman Stawman Sketch ## Nice try, but you have to use a Monty Python sketch (and you have to spell correctly :-P ). Seriously. The source he borrowed from is the movie Gladiator, which isn't even a comedy. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Implicit initialization is EVIL!
On 06/07/2011 20:15, Ian Kelly wrote: On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 12:36 PM, Andrew Bergbahamutzero8...@gmail.com wrote: On 2011.07.06 01:19 PM, rantingrick wrote: ## The Roman Stawman Sketch ## Nice try, but you have to use a Monty Python sketch (and you have to spell correctly :-P ). Seriously. The source he borrowed from is the movie Gladiator, which isn't even a comedy. If it was from Life of Brian, then it would be OK: What has Guido ever done for us...? :-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Large number multiplication
I was looking through the python source and noticed that long multiplication is done using the Karatsuba method (O(~n^1.5)) rather than using FFTs O(~n log n). I was wondering if there was a reason the Karatsuba method was chosen over the FFT convolution method? -- Bill -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: trouble creating tooltips using Wx in Tk canvas
On Jul 6, 1:32 pm, Ian Kelly ian.g.ke...@gmail.com wrote:
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 9:12 AM, Ravikanth vvnrk.vanapa...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi all,
Hi all,
I am having a trouble creating tooltips. I am trying to embed a
matplotlib graph inside a TkInter canvas. After some search over the
net, I found out a way to create tooltips using the WXbackend.
But when I embed my matplotlib figure inside a Tk and the tooltips
are not getting displayed.
That's pretty much what I would expect, since wxPython and Tkinter are
completely different GUI libraries. Trying to use them together is a
bit like trying to call a .NET function from Java -- maybe possible,
but it's going to take a lot of work.
The error I am getting is below.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File U:\graphing_tool\plotinsideTkInter\plotInTk.py, line 12, in
module
tooltip = wx.ToolTip(tip='tip with a long %s line and a newline\n'
% (' '*100)) # needs to be added to getover the bug with tooltip.
File C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\_misc.py,
line 771, in __init__
_misc_.ToolTip_swiginit(self,_misc_.new_ToolTip(*args, **kwargs))
PyNoAppError: The wx.App object must be created first!
I am not able to figure out the reason.
As it says, you haven't created the wx.App object necessary for pretty
much all wxPython code. You could create one, but your tooltip still
would not work correctly because you would be running the Tkinter
event loop rather than the wxPython event loop. If you want to use
the wxToolTip widget, then you should write your program to use
wxPython only. Alternatively, googling for tkinter tooltip turns up
a couple of recipes; you could try one of those.
Cheers,
Ian
Thank you Ian for your insights to me on this.
I will migrate to wxPython to achieve the functionality.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On 2011.07.06 02:07 PM, Phlip wrote: If I call m = md5() twice, I expect two objects. You get two objects because you make the function run again. Of course, the first one is garbage collected if it doesn't have another reference. m1 = hashlib.md5() m2 = hashlib.md5() m1 is m2 False Are you assuming Python acts like another language or is there something confusing in the docs or something else? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Phlip wrote: If I call m = md5() twice, I expect two objects. I am now aware that Python bends the definition of call based on where the line occurs. Principle of least surprise. Actually, in def file_to_hash(path, m = hashlib.md5()): hashlib.md5 *is* called once; that is when the def statement is executed. Later on, when file_to_hash gets called, the value of m is either used as is, as the default parameter, or is replaced for the duration of the call by another object supplied by the caller. Mel. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 1:07 PM, Phlip phlip2...@gmail.com wrote: If I call m = md5() twice, I expect two objects. I am now aware that Python bends the definition of call based on where the line occurs. Principle of least surprise. There is no definition-bending. The code: def file_to_hash(path, m = hashlib.md5()): # do stuff... file_to_hash(path1) file_to_hash(path2) does not call hashlib.md5 twice. It calls it *once*, at the time the file_to_hash function is defined. The returned object is stored on the function object, and that same object is passed into file_to_hash as a default value each time the function is called. See: http://docs.python.org/reference/compound_stmts.html#function -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large number multiplication
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 1:30 PM, Billy Mays no...@nohow.com wrote: I was looking through the python source and noticed that long multiplication is done using the Karatsuba method (O(~n^1.5)) rather than using FFTs O(~n log n). I was wondering if there was a reason the Karatsuba method was chosen over the FFT convolution method? According to Wikipedia: In practice the Schönhage–Strassen algorithm starts to outperform older methods such as Karatsuba and Toom–Cook multiplication for numbers beyond 2**2**15 to 2**2**17 (10,000 to 40,000 decimal digits). I think most Python users are probably not working with numbers that large, and if they are, they are probably using specialized numerical libraries anyway, so there would be little benefit in implementing it in core. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large number multiplication
Am 06.07.2011 21:30, schrieb Billy Mays: I was looking through the python source and noticed that long multiplication is done using the Karatsuba method (O(~n^1.5)) rather than using FFTs O(~n log n). I was wondering if there was a reason the Karatsuba method was chosen over the FFT convolution method? The Karatsuba algorithm uses just addition, subtraction and multiplication, so you don't need to resort to floats and have no rounding errors. On the other hand FFT are based on e, complex numbers or trigonometric functions (=floats), which mean you'll get rounding errors. We don't want rounding errors for large long multiplication. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Phlip wrote: On 2011.07.06 12:38 PM, Phlip wrote: Python sucks. m = md5() looks like an initial assignment, not a special magic storage mode. Principle of least surprise fail, and principle of most helpful default behavior fail. If I call m = md5() twice, I expect two objects. You didn't call md5 twice -- you called it once when you defined the function. Phlips naive code: --- def file_to_hash(path, m = hashlib.md5()): \---/ happens once, when def line is executed If you want separate md5 objects, don't create just one when you create the function, create one inside the function: def file_to_hash(path, m = None): if m is None: m = hashlib.md5() You should try the Principle of Learning the Language. ~Ethan~ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large number multiplication
On 07/06/2011 04:05 PM, Christian Heimes wrote: Am 06.07.2011 21:30, schrieb Billy Mays: I was looking through the python source and noticed that long multiplication is done using the Karatsuba method (O(~n^1.5)) rather than using FFTs O(~n log n). I was wondering if there was a reason the Karatsuba method was chosen over the FFT convolution method? The Karatsuba algorithm uses just addition, subtraction and multiplication, so you don't need to resort to floats and have no rounding errors. On the other hand FFT are based on e, complex numbers or trigonometric functions (=floats), which mean you'll get rounding errors. We don't want rounding errors for large long multiplication. Christian I believe it is possible to do FFTs without significant rounding error. I know that the GIMPS's Prime95 does very large multiplications using FFTs (I don't know if they use the integer based or double based version). I also know they have guards to prevent rounding errors so I don't think it would be impossible to implement. -- Bill -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large number multiplication
On 07/06/2011 04:02 PM, Ian Kelly wrote: On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 1:30 PM, Billy Maysno...@nohow.com wrote: I was looking through the python source and noticed that long multiplication is done using the Karatsuba method (O(~n^1.5)) rather than using FFTs O(~n log n). I was wondering if there was a reason the Karatsuba method was chosen over the FFT convolution method? According to Wikipedia: In practice the Schönhage–Strassen algorithm starts to outperform older methods such as Karatsuba and Toom–Cook multiplication for numbers beyond 2**2**15 to 2**2**17 (10,000 to 40,000 decimal digits). I think most Python users are probably not working with numbers that large, and if they are, they are probably using specialized numerical libraries anyway, so there would be little benefit in implementing it in core. You are right that not many people would gain significant use of it. The reason I ask is because convolution has a better (best ?) complexity class than the current multiplication algorithm. I do like the idea of minimizing reliance on external libraries, but only if the changes would be useful to all the regular users of python. I was more interested in finding previous discussion (if any) on why Karatsuba was chosen, not so much as trying to alter the current multiplication implementation. Side note: Are Numpy/Scipy the libraries you are referring to? -- Bill -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large number multiplication
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 2:21 PM, Billy Mays no...@nohow.com wrote: Side note: Are Numpy/Scipy the libraries you are referring to? I was thinking more of gmpy or mpmath, but I'm not personally well acquainted with any of them. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large number multiplication
Am 06.07.2011 22:15, schrieb Billy Mays: I believe it is possible to do FFTs without significant rounding error. I know that the GIMPS's Prime95 does very large multiplications using FFTs (I don't know if they use the integer based or double based version). I also know they have guards to prevent rounding errors so I don't think it would be impossible to implement. It might work for medium large longs but how about really large longs like 5 * 1,000**10,000? I'm not familiar with FFT based multiplication but I guess that very large numbers are going to introduce rounding errors if floating points are involved. Python used to run on platforms without an FPU and floats. These days Python might still run on platforms with just an emulated FPU. Unless there is a way to implement FFT without floating point ops, an emulated or missing FPU makes FFT slower than Karatsuba. There might be one but I haven't learned a way in my numerics classes. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On Wednesday, July 6, 2011 12:07:56 PM UTC-7, Phlip wrote: If I call m = md5() twice, I expect two objects. I am now aware that Python bends the definition of call based on where the line occurs. Principle of least surprise. Phlip: We already know about this violation of the least surprise principle; most of us acknowledge it as small blip in an otherwise straightforward and clean language. (Incidentally, fixing it would create different surprises, but probably much less common ones.) We've helped you with your problem, but you risk alienating those who helped you when you badmouth the whole language on account of this one thing, and you might not get such prompt help next time. So try to be nice. You are wrong about Python bending the definition of call, though. Surprising though it be, the Python language is very explicit that the default arguments are executed only once, when creating the function, *not* when calling it. Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: web browsing short cut
On 03/07/2011 02:21, Dustin Cheung wrote: Hey guys, I am new to python. I want to make a shortcut that opens my websites and re-sizes them to display on different areas on the screen. I looked around but i had no luck. Is that possible with python? if so can someone point to to the right direction? Here is what I came up with so far.. I suggest you create a dummy page on your disk with an onload event that uses javascript to open, size and load all the windows you want. Then create a short cut to the dummy page. Regards Ian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
On Jul 6, 1:25 pm, Carl Banks pavlovevide...@gmail.com wrote: We already know about this violation of the least surprise principle; most of us acknowledge it as small blip in an otherwise straightforward and clean language. Here's the production code we're going with - thanks again all: def file_to_hash(path, hash_type=hashlib.md5): Per: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/ea1c46f77ac1738c hash = hash_type() with open(path, 'rb') as f: while True: s = f.read(8192) # CONSIDER: io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE if not s: break hash.update(s) return hash.hexdigest() Note the fix also avoids comparing to None, which, as usual, is also icky and less typesafe! (And don't get me started about the extra lines needed to avoid THIS atrocity! while s = f.read(8192): hash.update(s) ;) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive plots
Mihai Badoiu wrote: How do I do interactive plots in python? Say I have to plot f(x) and g(x) and I want in the plot to be able to click on f and make it disappear. Any python library that does this? You could try veusz, which is a python module and plotting program combined. You can also embed it in a PyQt program. Jeremy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive plots
On 6 July 2011 17:04, Mihai Badoiu mbad...@gmail.com wrote: How do I do interactive plots in python? Say I have to plot f(x) and g(x) and I want in the plot to be able to click on f and make it disappear. Any python library that does this? Visvis is a plotting toolkit that has good support for interactive use and picking: http://code.google.com/p/visvis/ I'll even give you an example: import visvis as vv # Create to lines, increase line width (lw) for easier clicking f = vv.plot([1,2,3,2], lc='r', lw=3) g = vv.plot([2,1,4,3], lc='b', lw=3) # Create callback function def deleteLine(event): event.owner.Destroy() # Enable picking and set callback for fg in [f, g]: fg.hitTest = True fg.eventMouseDown.Bind(deleteLine) Regards, Almar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive plots
On 7 July 2011 00:00, Almar Klein almar.kl...@gmail.com wrote: On 6 July 2011 17:04, Mihai Badoiu mbad...@gmail.com wrote: How do I do interactive plots in python? Say I have to plot f(x) and g(x) and I want in the plot to be able to click on f and make it disappear. Any python library that does this? Visvis is a plotting toolkit that has good support for interactive use and picking: http://code.google.com/p/visvis/ I'll even give you an example: import visvis as vv # Create to lines, increase line width (lw) for easier clicking f = vv.plot([1,2,3,2], lc='r', lw=3) g = vv.plot([2,1,4,3], lc='b', lw=3) # Create callback function def deleteLine(event): event.owner.Destroy() # Enable picking and set callback for fg in [f, g]: fg.hitTest = True fg.eventMouseDown.Bind(deleteLine) Except that the indentation got mangled when I pasted the code in. Sorry about that. Almar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
show() in pylab doesn't work if used twice
Hi all, I have been using python for just over a month now. I am writing a program to plot some graph using the show() twice in the same program. The code snippet is shown below. I am trying to plot a simple x vs y using ax.plot() then I get a figure displayed. I close the figure displayed and then the execution proceeds. Now If i try to call show second time with the updated values of x and y, the second figure does not appear on my desktop. but the second call to show() appears to work as the code also printed 'passed the second show' as well Can someone help me figure out what the problem here is.why is the second figure not coming up on the desktop. I am using python 2.7 . from pylab import * import scipy import pylab as pl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig=pl.figure() ax=fig.add_subplot(111) x=arange(10) y=x*2 ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the first show()' x=arange(10) y=sin(x) ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the second show()' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
multiple call to show not working in matplotlib
Hi, I am facing some problem. I have made multiple calls to show() function in a sinlge program. as below. Before the first call I plotted x vs y . then i called show. execution halted until i closed the window. Once I closed the window, execution again progressed and even passed second show(), but the dispaly did not appear. Can anyone please suggest me how to go about solving this issue. from pylab import * from matplotlib import pyplot as p import scipy import pylab as pl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig=pl.figure() ax=fig.add_subplot(111) x=arange(10) y=x*2 ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the border' x=arange(10) y=sin(x) ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the second show' Thanks Ravikanth -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
multiple calls to show doesnot work for matplotlib
Hi, I am facing some problem. I have made multiple calls to show() function in a sinlge program. as below. Before the first call I plotted x vs y . then i called show. execution halted until i closed the window. Once I closed the window, execution again progressed and even passed second show(), but the dispaly did not appear. Can anyone please suggest me how to go about solving this issue. from pylab import * from matplotlib import pyplot as p import scipy import pylab as pl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig=pl.figure() ax=fig.add_subplot(111) x=arange(10) y=x*2 ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the border' x=arange(10) y=sin(x) ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the second show' Thanks Ravikanth -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
multiple call to show not working in matplotlib
Hi, I am facing some problem. I have made multiple calls to show() function in a sinlge program. as below. Before the first call I plotted x vs y . then i called show. execution halted until i closed the window. Once I closed the window, execution again progressed and even passed second show(), but the dispaly did not appear. Can anyone please suggest me how to go about solving this issue. from pylab import * from matplotlib import pyplot as p import scipy import pylab as pl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig=pl.figure() ax=fig.add_subplot(111) x=arange(10) y=x*2 ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the border' x=arange(10) y=sin(x) ax.plot(x,y) show() print 'passed the second show' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: web browsing short cut
Okay thanks for the help guys, ill keep you guys posted. On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 1:19 PM, Ian hobso...@gmail.com wrote: On 03/07/2011 02:21, Dustin Cheung wrote: Hey guys, I am new to python. I want to make a shortcut that opens my websites and re-sizes them to display on different areas on the screen. I looked around but i had no luck. Is that possible with python? if so can someone point to to the right direction? Here is what I came up with so far.. I suggest you create a dummy page on your disk with an onload event that uses javascript to open, size and load all the windows you want. Then create a short cut to the dummy page. Regards Ian -- http://mail.python.org/**mailman/listinfo/python-listhttp://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- Dustin Cheung -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: multiple calls to show doesnot work for matplotlib
Ravikanth wrote: Hi, I am facing some problem. Yes, we heard you the first two times, there's no need to keep repeating the question over and over again. There is no Service Level Agreement for guaranteed response times for free advice over the Internet. Be patient, and hopefully somebody with an answer to your question will respond once they have read the question. Wait AT LEAST a day before reposting the question. In the meantime, you might like to Read the Fine Manual, which explains everything you need to know about using show(). http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/faq/howto_faq.html#use-show Does that answer your question? -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Does hashlib support a file mode?
Phlip wrote: Note the fix also avoids comparing to None, which, as usual, is also icky and less typesafe! Typesafe? Are you trying to make a joke? -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: show() in pylab doesn't work if used twice
On 7/6/11 5:05 PM, Ravikanth wrote: Hi all, I have been using python for just over a month now. I am writing a program to plot some graph using the show() twice in the same program. The code snippet is shown below. Please use the matplotlib-users list for matplotlib questions. By the way, four versions of your message made it to this list. I'm sure the repetition was an honest mistake, but there may be things you can do to prevent it in the future. https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/matplotlib-users To answer your question, you are probably using an older version of matplotlib than 1.0.0. The ability to use show() more than once was only added in 1.0.0: http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/faq/howto_faq.html#use-show -- Robert Kern I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth. -- Umberto Eco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
