Re: Iterate from 2nd element of a huge list
Arnaud Delobelle wrote: Em 01-02-2012 01:39, Paulo da Silva escreveu: What is the best way to iterate thru a huge list having the 1st element a different process? I.e.: Nobody mentioned itertools.islice, which can be handy, especially if you weren't interested in the first element of the list: Also, skipping two or seven or ... items is just as easy. The example should be from itertools import islice: for el in islice(mylist, 1, None): process2(el) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Installing pypi package twice
Jason Friedman ja...@powerpull.net writes: How would I also install this package for 3.2.2? (I am assuming that python-daemon-1.5.5 is either version3-compatible or I can make it so). I am the primary developer of ‘python-daemon’. It is an explicit goal of this library to target Python 3, but that has not been achieved yet. I welcome discussion on the new forum for development discussion URL:http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/python-daemon-devel. -- \ “Science is a way of trying not to fool yourself. The first | `\ principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the | _o__) easiest person to fool.” —Richard P. Feynman, 1964 | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: xhtml encoding question
Tim Arnold, 31.01.2012 19:09:
I have to follow a specification for producing xhtml files.
The original files are in cp1252 encoding and I must reencode them to utf-8.
Also, I have to replace certain characters with html entities.
I think I've got this right, but I'd like to hear if there's something I'm
doing that is dangerous or wrong.
Please see the appended code, and thanks for any comments or suggestions.
I have two functions, translate (replaces high characters with entities)
and reencode (um, reencodes):
-
import codecs, StringIO
from lxml import etree
high_chars = {
0x2014:'mdash;', # 'EM DASH',
0x2013:'ndash;', # 'EN DASH',
0x0160:'Scaron;',# 'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON',
0x201d:'rdquo;', # 'RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x201c:'ldquo;', # 'LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2019:rsquo;, # 'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2018:lsquo;, # 'LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2122:'trade;', # 'TRADE MARK SIGN',
0x00A9:'copy;', # 'COPYRIGHT SYMBOL',
}
def translate(string):
s = ''
for c in string:
if ord(c) in high_chars:
c = high_chars.get(ord(c))
s += c
return s
I hope you are aware that this is about the slowest possible algorithm
(well, the slowest one that doesn't do anything unnecessary). Since none of
this is required when parsing or generating XHTML, I assume your spec tells
you that you should do these replacements?
def reencode(filename, in_encoding='cp1252',out_encoding='utf-8'):
with codecs.open(filename,encoding=in_encoding) as f:
s = f.read()
sio = StringIO.StringIO(translate(s))
parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding=in_encoding)
tree = etree.parse(sio, parser)
Yes, you are doing something dangerous and wrong here. For one, you are
decoding the data twice. Then, didn't you say XHTML? Why do you use the
HTML parser to parse XML?
result = etree.tostring(tree.getroot(), method='html',
pretty_print=True,
encoding=out_encoding)
with open(filename,'wb') as f:
f.write(result)
Use tree.write(f, ...)
Assuming you really meant XHTML and not HTML, I'd just drop your entire
code and do this instead:
tree = etree.parse(in_path)
tree.write(out_path, encoding='utf8', pretty_print=True)
Note that I didn't provide an input encoding. XML is safe in that regard.
Stefan
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Re: xhtml encoding question
Am 31.01.2012 19:09, schrieb Tim Arnold:
high_chars = {
0x2014:'mdash;', # 'EM DASH',
0x2013:'ndash;', # 'EN DASH',
0x0160:'Scaron;',# 'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON',
0x201d:'rdquo;', # 'RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x201c:'ldquo;', # 'LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2019:rsquo;, # 'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2018:lsquo;, # 'LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2122:'trade;', # 'TRADE MARK SIGN',
0x00A9:'copy;', # 'COPYRIGHT SYMBOL',
}
You could use Unicode string literals directly instead of using the
codepoint, making it a bit more self-documenting and saving you the
later call to ord():
high_chars = {
u'\u2014': 'mdash;',
u'\u2013': 'ndash;',
...
}
for c in string:
if ord(c) in high_chars:
c = high_chars.get(ord(c))
s += c
return s
Instead of checking if there is a replacement and then looking up the
replacement again, just use the default:
for c in string:
s += high_chars.get(c, c)
Alternatively, if you find that clearer, you could also check if the
returnvalue of get() is None to find out if there is a replacement:
for c in string:
r = high_chars.get(c)
if r is None:
s += c
else:
s += r
Uli
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Re: Iterate from 2nd element of a huge list
Paulo da Silva p_s_d_a_s_i_l_...@netcabo.pt writes: process1(mylist[0]) for el in mylist[1:]: process2(el) This way mylist is almost duplicated, isn't it? I think it's cleanest to use itertools.islice to get the big sublist (not tested): from itertools import islice process1 (mylist[0]) for el in islice(mylist, 1, None): process2 (el) The islice has a small, constant amount of storage overhead instead of duplicating almost the whole list. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: xhtml encoding question
Ulrich Eckhardt wrote:
Am 31.01.2012 19:09, schrieb Tim Arnold:
high_chars = {
0x2014:'mdash;', # 'EM DASH',
0x2013:'ndash;', # 'EN DASH',
0x0160:'Scaron;',# 'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON',
0x201d:'rdquo;', # 'RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x201c:'ldquo;', # 'LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2019:rsquo;, # 'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2018:lsquo;, # 'LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2122:'trade;', # 'TRADE MARK SIGN',
0x00A9:'copy;', # 'COPYRIGHT SYMBOL',
}
You could use Unicode string literals directly instead of using the
codepoint, making it a bit more self-documenting and saving you the
later call to ord():
high_chars = {
u'\u2014': 'mdash;',
u'\u2013': 'ndash;',
...
}
for c in string:
if ord(c) in high_chars:
c = high_chars.get(ord(c))
s += c
return s
Instead of checking if there is a replacement and then looking up the
replacement again, just use the default:
for c in string:
s += high_chars.get(c, c)
Alternatively, if you find that clearer, you could also check if the
returnvalue of get() is None to find out if there is a replacement:
for c in string:
r = high_chars.get(c)
if r is None:
s += c
else:
s += r
It doesn't matter for the OP (see Stefan Behnel's post), but If you want to
replace characters in a unicode string the best way is probably the
translate() method:
print u\xa9\u2122
©™
u\xa9\u2122.translate({0xa9: ucopy;, 0x2122: utrade;})
u'copy;trade;'
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Re: How can I verify if the content of a variable is a list or a string?
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 12:11 PM, Andres Soto soto_and...@yahoo.com wrote: okok, my mistake is that I was using string in place of str. Thank you!! regards Tip: In the interactive interpreter, enter: type(spam) class 'str' In Python 2, it'll say type not class, but same diff. It tells you there what the type is. Same can be used for any other literal, name, or other object. Can be quite handy at times. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Disable use of pyc file with no matching py file
Terry Reedy wrote: On 1/31/2012 9:19 AM, Jean-Michel Pichavant wrote: A: My wheel is flat B: Buy a new car A better analogy would be Q. How do I make my old model car do something (it cannot do)? A. Get the free new model that has that feature added. Of course, there is a cost to giving up the old and familiar and learning and adjusting to the new, even when it is available gratis. A husband wearing an old sweater after his wife gives him a new one, and even retrieving it from the trash when she tosses it out, is a classic (and true) cartoon joke. But I am sure that 95% of readers here will be using 3.x withing 10 years. The only question for them is When?. This not-well-known new feature is one straw that some will put on the 'sooner' side of the balance. A simple solution to that problem has been provided by Miki. Someone should read at least http://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3 before migrating to python 3. Speaking for myself, I'm stuck with python 2.5 :-/ JM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Disable use of pyc file with no matching py file
On 1/31/2012 11:14 PM, Roy Smith wrote: We would love to move to 3.x, for the better unicode support, if nothing else. What's keeping us from doing so is the host of third-party modules and tools we depend on that don't yet support 3.x. Tell that to the authors of packages you use so they no longer say that they have not converted for lack of demand ;-) -- Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: configobj
On 02/01/2012 12:21 AM, Terry Reedy wrote: On 1/31/2012 11:06 AM, Andrea Crotti wrote: I have a couple of questions about configobj, which I'm happily trying to use for this project. When asking about 3rd party modules, please include a url, so we can be sure of what you mean and even take a look. Is www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html what you mean? Yes I meant that sorry. which looked less complete and more cumbersome (to me at least) Does ConfigParser have the same problems you found with ConfigObj. Well no, but also because it just gets raw strings, and doesn't do any validation. With ConfigObj I can do simply a spec file skip_pesky_pyc_paths = string_list include_extra_paths = string_list use_real_dependencies = bool(default=False) compute_dependencies_recursively = bool(default=False) And the options which are not declared will default automatically to that value. And also I never really liked the ConfigParser API.. Anyway I solved just leaving these long lists somewhere else, but otherwise I think a better solution would be YAML in general (which doesn't have much validation either apparently). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterate from 2nd element of a huge list
On 1 February 2012 08:11, Peter Otten __pete...@web.de wrote: Arnaud Delobelle wrote: The example should be from itertools import islice: for el in islice(mylist, 1, None): process2(el) Oops! -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Disable use of pyc file with no matching py file
On Tue, Jan 31, 2012 at 6:55 PM, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote: Q. How do I make my old model car do something (it cannot do)? A. Get the free new model that has that feature added. Of course, there is a cost to giving up the old and familiar and learning and adjusting to the new, even when it is available gratis. A husband wearing an old sweater after his wife gives him a new one, and even retrieving it from the trash when she tosses it out, is a classic (and true) cartoon joke. It really bothers me that you imagine that there are no other problems than the newness. It's disheartening, because the problems are not that trivial and the world would be better if people were less callous about it, and realized that they exist. Python 3 is not very different from Python 2, as far as humans are concerned semantically/syntactically -- but, hell, just pick any project that uses PyPy, or Jython, or IronPython, or Twisted, or Zope, etc. -- it can be a lot of effort (sometimes infeasibly much) to port something dependent on these things, and it's taken years to get the (smallish) set of dependencies ported that we have now [and we literally paid people to do it, too!], and still many large projects haven't made the transition, and many small projects never will. Anyone that relies on those projects is stuck, and your free car metaphor completely ignores the true cost of wasting that much time porting everything for a tiny little feature. Evaluating only the monetary amounts can be misleading as to what the rational decision is (in particular when there are no monetary amounts). The only true notion of cost is the alternatives you sacrifice in making a decision: opportunity cost. The car is not free. -- Devin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterate from 2nd element of a huge list
Paul Rubin, 01.02.2012 10:25: Paulo da Silva writes: process1(mylist[0]) for el in mylist[1:]: process2(el) This way mylist is almost duplicated, isn't it? I think it's cleanest to use itertools.islice to get the big sublist (not tested): from itertools import islice process1 (mylist[0]) for el in islice(mylist, 1, None): process2 (el) The islice has a small, constant amount of storage overhead instead of duplicating almost the whole list. It also has a tiny runtime overhead, though. So, if your code is totally performance critical and you really just want to strip off the first element and then run through all the rest, it may still be better to go the iter() + next() route. python3.3 -m timeit -s 'l=list(range(10))' \ 'it = iter(l); next(it); all(it)' 1000 loops, best of 3: 935 usec per loop python3.3 -m timeit -s 'l=list(range(10))' \ -s 'from itertools import islice' \ 'all(islice(l, 1, None))' 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.63 msec per loop Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
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Re: Disable use of pyc file with no matching py file
On Jan 31, 4:43 pm, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote: On 1/31/2012 3:20 PM, John Roth wrote: On Jan 30, 3:43 pm, Terry Reedytjre...@udel.edu wrote: On 1/30/2012 4:30 PM, Roy Smith wrote: Every so often (typically when refactoring), I'll remove a .py file and forget to remove the corresponding .pyc file. If I then import the module, python finds the orphaned .pyc and happily imports it. Usually leading to confusing and hard to debug failures. Is there some way to globally tell python, Never import a .pyc unless the corresponding .py file exits? Upgrade to 3.2. I tested before writing this. The caveat is that x.pyc in the same directly as x.py will not be ignored (for back compatibility). However, this only happens intentionally as .pyc files are put in __pycache__/ with name x.version.pyc, where version is 'cpython-32' or something similar for another version or implementation. I've noticed that the tutorial (section 6.1.3) hasn't been updated for PEP 3147; there's no way of telling that this is the behavior from reading the tutorial. The development doc for 3.3 hasn't been updated either. You are right. An oversight. Thanks for noticing.http://bugs.python.org/issue13915 Suggested rewrites are welcome. -- Terry Jan Reedy I'll see if I can put a suggestion in the bug report. One other point: I'm unclear if a compiled module in the source directory would be named spam.pyc or spam.cpython-32.pyc. I'd think the latter to allow two versions of a compiled-only distribution. John Roth -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python reliability with EINTR handling in general modules
I have linux board on samsung SoC s3c6410 (ARM11). I build rootfs with
buildroot: Python 2.7.1, uClibc-0.9.31. Linux kernel: Linux buildroot
2.6.28.6 #177 Mon Oct 3 12:50:57 EEST 2011 armv6l GNU/Linux
My app, written on python, in some mysterios conditons raise this
exceptions:
1) exception:
File ./dfbUtils.py, line 3209, in setItemData
ValueError: (4, 'Interrupted system call')
code:
currentPage=int(math.floor(float(rowId)/
self.pageSize))==self.selectedPage
2) exception:
File ./terminalGlobals.py, line 943, in getFirmawareName
OSError: [Errno 4] Interrupted system call: 'firmware'
code:
for fileName in os.listdir('firmware'):
Some info about app: it have 3-7 threads, listen serial ports via
'serial' module, use gui implemented via c extension that wrap
directfb, i can't reproduce this exceptions, they are not predictable.
I googled for EINTR exceptions in python, but only found that EINTR
can occur only on slow system calls and python's modules socket,
subprocess and another one is already process EINTR. So what happens
in my app? Why simple call of math function can interrupt program at
any time, it's not reliable at all. I have only suggestions: ulibc
bug, kernel/hw handling bug. But this suggestions don't show me
solution.
Now i created wrap functions (that restart opertion in case of EINTR)
around some functions from os module, but wrapping math module will
increase execution time in 2 times. There another question: if math
can be interrutped than other module also can and how to get
reliability?
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Registry entries set up by the Windows installer
I'm trying to get information on what registry entries are set up by the Python Windows installer, and what variations exist. I don't know enough about MSI to easily read the source, so I'm hoping someone who knows can help :-) As far as I can see on my PC, the installer puts entries HKLM\Software\Python\PythonCore\x.y with various bits underneath. I think I've seen indications that sometimes these are in HKCU, presumably for a per user install? If I manually hack around in the registry, and have both HKLM and HKCU, which one will Python use? Furthermore, more of a Windows question than Python, but there's a similar question with regard to the .py and .pyw file associations - they can be in HKLM\Software\Classes or HKCU\Software\Classes. Which takes precedence? I assume that the installer writes to HKLM for all users and HKCU for per-user installs. Is there anything else I've missed? The reason I ask, is that I'm starting to work with virtualenv, and I want to see what would be involved in (re-)setting the registry entries to match the currently active virtualenv. virtualenvwrapper- powershell seems to only deal with HKCU (which is a big plus on Windows 7, as it avoids endless elevation requests :-)) but that doesn't work completely cleanly with my all-users install. (Note: I'm not entirely sure that changing global settings like this to patch a per-console virtualenv is a good idea, but I'd like to know how hard it is before dismissing it...) Thanks, Paul. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Buffering in Wing and IDLE 3
Hi, I'm using Python 3.2.x with beginners. If I try the following in IDLE 3, it works as expected : from time import sleep import sys for i in range(4) : sys.stdout.write(str(i)) sys.stdout.flush() sleep(1) but with Wing-101, it write 0123 after the total sleep time. Why ??? I would prefer to use IDLE but as we are in France, the Python team does not seem to be aware that the ~ and others are not available on MacOS-X here (probably the same in Europe)... franck -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
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Re: python zipfile v. native unzip
On 01/31/2012 06:41 AM, Jason Friedman wrote: Does Python 2.7's zipfile module use its own algorithm or does it leverage the zip/unzip libraries that exist on the host? I ask because my host's native unzip program cannot handle files that, when unzipped, are larger than 2GB. Will using Python 2.7 get around this limitation? What operating system and file system? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
changing sys.path
So suppose I want to modify the sys.path on the fly before running some code which imports from one of the modules added. at run time I do sys.path.extend(paths_to_add) but it still doesn't work and I get an import error. If I take these paths and add them to site-packages/my_paths.pth everything works, but at run-time the paths which I actually see before importing are exactly the same. So there is something I guess that depends on the order, but what can I reset/reload to make these paths available (I thought I didn't need anything in theory)? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: xhtml encoding question
Am 01.02.2012 10:32, schrieb Peter Otten:
It doesn't matter for the OP (see Stefan Behnel's post), but If you want to
replace characters in a unicode string the best way is probably the
translate() method:
print u\xa9\u2122
©™
u\xa9\u2122.translate({0xa9: ucopy;, 0x2122: utrade;})
u'copy;trade;'
Yes, this is both more expressive and at the same time probably even
more efficient.
Question though:
u'abc'.translate({u'a': u'A'})
u'abc'
I would call this a chance to improve Python. According to the
documentation, using a string is invalid, but it neither raises an
exception nor does it do the obvious and accept single-character strings
as keys.
Thoughts?
Uli
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Re: Installing pypi package twice
On 1/02/12 07:04:31, Jason Friedman wrote: My system's default python is 2.6.5. I have also installed python3.2 at /opt/python. I installed a pypi package for 2.6.5 with: $ tar xzf package.tar.gz $ cd package $ python setup.py build $ sudo python setup.py install How can I also install this same package for 3.2? (I am assuming this package works with 3.2 or that I can make it work.) How about (in another directory): $ tar xzf package.tar.gz $ cd package $ /opt/python/bin/python setup.py build $ sudo /opt/python/bin/python setup.py install This assumes that /opt/python/bin/python is your python3.2 executable. You may want to insert some testing between the 'build' and 'install' steps. Or you could try: $ /opt/python/bin/python -m compileall build/lib That would try to compile all Python files in the subdirectory to byte code. That's likely to fail if the Python code is not valid Python 3. If it compiles, you may still want to do some testing. Hope this helps, -- HansM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Installing pypi package twice
On 02/01/2012 04:49 PM, Hans Mulder wrote: How about (in another directory): $ tar xzf package.tar.gz $ cd package $ /opt/python/bin/python setup.py build $ sudo /opt/python/bin/python setup.py install This assumes that /opt/python/bin/python is your python3.2 executable. You may want to insert some testing between the 'build' and 'install' steps. Or you could try: $ /opt/python/bin/python -m compileall build/lib That would try to compile all Python files in the subdirectory to byte code. That's likely to fail if the Python code is not valid Python 3. If it compiles, you may still want to do some testing. Hope this helps, -- HansM That works, but it's probably easier to (depending on your needs): - install easy_install / pip for that python version - use virtualenv -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
TypeError
Hello, I am new to python and am trying to correct the follow error: TypeError: sequence item 1: expected string, NoneType found The error message is referencing line 86 of my code: ws.cell(row=row, column=1).value = ','.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdob]) If I'm understanding this correctly, the code is expecting a string, but not finding it. I'm wondering, what is meant by a string and also how I can figure out the problem and correct it. If anyone could help me understand what the error is and needs to be done to correct it, I think I might be able to fill in the blanks. Thanks, Katie __ [logo for email] Katie Clark Research Assistant SHARRPP 60 Temple Street, Suite 4D New Haven, CT 06510 203-737-7425 katie.cl...@yale.edu www.sharrpp.com inline: image002.jpg-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Question about name scope
I am learning python and maybe this is obvious but I have not been able to see a solution. What I would like to do is to be able to execute a function within the namespace I would have obtained with from module import * For example if I write: def f(a): return sin(a)+cos(a) I could then do: from math import * f(5) But I have polluted my global namespace with all what's defined in math. I would like to be able to do something like from math import * at the f level alone. The main reason for this is the sympy module for CAS (computer algebra). It reimplement a lot of functions and define all the letters as symbolic variables. Writing sympy.function everywhere is inconvenient. Importing all the symbols in the global namespace would lead to name clash. It would be nice if I could import all the sympy names but for a given function only. Olive -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: changing sys.path
On 1 fév, 17:15, Andrea Crotti andrea.crott...@gmail.com wrote: So suppose I want to modify the sys.path on the fly before running some code which imports from one of the modules added. at run time I do sys.path.extend(paths_to_add) but it still doesn't work and I get an import error. If I take these paths and add them to site-packages/my_paths.pth everything works, but at run-time the paths which I actually see before importing are exactly the same. So there is something I guess that depends on the order, but what can I reset/reload to make these paths available (I thought I didn't need anything in theory)? import mod Traceback (most recent call last): File eta last command, line 1, in module ImportError: No module named mod sys.path.append(r'd:\\jm\\junk') import mod mod module 'mod' from 'd:\\jm\\junk\mod.py' mod.hello() fct hello in mod.py sys.path? Probably, the most genious Python idea. jmf -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: TypeError
On 02/01/2012 11:53 AM, Clark, Kathleen wrote: Hello, Which python version, what operating system. Doesn't cost much to specify, and can frequently be relevant. I am new to python and am trying to correct the follow error: TypeError: sequence item 1: expected string, NoneType found That's not an error message, it's just the last line of one. Please use copy/paste to post the entire traceback into your query. The error message is referencing line 86 of my code: ws.cell(row=row, column=1).value = ','.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdob]) And this couldn't be simplified? The sample is not runnable, so we have to make up a wrapper program to define at least 6 variables, and then execute this line? If I'm understanding this correctly, the code Which code? is expecting a string, but not finding it. I'm wondering, what is meant by a string and also how I can figure out the problem and correct it. If anyone could help me understand what the error is and needs to be done to correct it, I think I might be able to fill in the blanks. Thanks, Katie If I guess you're running Python 2.7 on Linux 11.04, I could try the following: ino = 4 fn = None ln = 12 sdobj = object() '.'.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdobj) File stdin, line 1 '.'.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdobj) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax '.'.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdobj]) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module TypeError: sequence item 1: expected string, NoneType found If this matches your circumstance, the problem is that fn has a value of None. You could have guessed this by simply tucking some print statements right in front of the offending line, displaying all six variables, and seeing which is of type NoneType. So now you have to figure out how fn got that value. (please don't post graphic attachments to your message, this is a text mailing list) -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 9:11 AM, Olive di...@bigfoot.com wrote: I am learning python and maybe this is obvious but I have not been able to see a solution. What I would like to do is to be able to execute a function within the namespace I would have obtained with from module import * For example if I write: def f(a): return sin(a)+cos(a) I could then do: from math import * f(5) But I have polluted my global namespace with all what's defined in math. I would like to be able to do something like from math import * at the f level alone. The main reason for this is the sympy module for CAS (computer algebra). It reimplement a lot of functions and define all the letters as symbolic variables. Writing sympy.function everywhere is inconvenient. Importing all the symbols in the global namespace would lead to name clash. It would be nice if I could import all the sympy names but for a given function only. The standard way would be to just do: import math def f(a): return math.sin(a)+math.cos(a) What this does is import the module math into the current module namespace, then access attributes on that module. Olive -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Feb 1, 11:11 am, Olive di...@bigfoot.com wrote: But I have polluted my global namespace with all what's defined in math. I would like to be able to do something like from math import * at the f level alone. Seeing is believing! dir() ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__'] from math import * dir() ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc'] RESTART dir() ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__'] from math import sin, cos dir() ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'cos', 'sin'] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
Olive wrote: I am learning python and maybe this is obvious but I have not been able to see a solution. What I would like to do is to be able to execute a function within the namespace I would have obtained with from module import * For example if I write: def f(a): return sin(a)+cos(a) I could then do: from math import * f(5) But I have polluted my global namespace with all what's defined in math. I would like to be able to do something like from math import * at the f level alone. If you are using Python 2.x you can do: def f(a): from sympy import * return a(a) + d(a) Python 3 does not allow * imports in functions, however, so you would need to do: def f(a): from sympy import a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m from sympy import n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z return z(a) / f(a) + o(a) Obviously, only import the functions you are actually going to use. ;) ~Ethan~ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: TypeError
Clark, Kathleen katie.cl...@yale.edu wrote: TypeError: sequence item 1: expected string, NoneType found The error message is referencing line 86 of my code: ws.cell(row=row, column=1).value = ','.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdob]) If I’m understanding this correctly, the code is expecting a string, but not finding it. I’m wondering, what is meant by a “string” and also how I can figure out the problem and correct it. I'd guess that the sequence in question is the list that's the argument of join(), in which case item 1 is fn: it should be a string but for some reason, it is a None value: , | ','.join([str(45), None, bar, foo]) | Traceback (most recent call last): | File stdin, line 1, in module | TypeError: sequence item 1: expected string, NoneType found | ','.join([str(45), a string, bar, foo]) |'45,a string,bar,foo' ` Nick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On 02/01/2012 12:11 PM, Olive wrote: I am learning python and maybe this is obvious but I have not been able to see a solution. What I would like to do is to be able to execute a function within the namespace I would have obtained with frommodule import * For example if I write: def f(a): return sin(a)+cos(a) I could then do: from math import * f(5) But I have polluted my global namespace with all what's defined in math. I would like to be able to do something like from math import * at the f level alone. The main reason for this is the sympy module for CAS (computer algebra). It reimplement a lot of functions and define all the letters as symbolic variables. Writing sympy.function everywhere is inconvenient. Importing all the symbols in the global namespace would lead to name clash. It would be nice if I could import all the sympy names but for a given function only. Olive Start by specifying python version and operating system. I tried your experiment using Python 2.7 and Linux 11.04 def f(a): from math import sin, cos return sin(a) + cos(a) print f(45) Does what you needed, and neatly. The only name added to the global namspace is f, of type function. I was a bit surprised that using from math import * inside the function worked, but it generates a warning: olive.py:2: SyntaxWarning: import * only allowed at module level def f(a): I normally avoid any use of the from XX import * form, as it pollutes the global name space. The only exception is when a library writer documents that this is the normal way to interface to it. In this case, he usually defines just a few things that are visible this way) What I do is put a single import math at the top of my source file, and use math.sin, and math.cos where needed. Occasionally, I'll use something like: from math import sin,cos at the top, so I know just which symbols I'm defining. How about: import math def f(a): sin = math.sin cos = math.cos return sin(a) + cos(a) print f(45) This lets you explicitly use the sin and cos names inside the function, by defining them at entry to the function. -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 9:11 AM, Olive di...@bigfoot.com wrote: I am learning python and maybe this is obvious but I have not been able to see a solution. What I would like to do is to be able to execute a function within the namespace I would have obtained with from module import * For example if I write: def f(a): return sin(a)+cos(a) I could then do: from math import * f(5) But I have polluted my global namespace with all what's defined in math. I would like to be able to do something like from math import * at the f level alone. The main reason for this is the sympy module for CAS (computer algebra). It reimplement a lot of functions and define all the letters as symbolic variables. Writing sympy.function everywhere is inconvenient. Importing all the symbols in the global namespace would lead to name clash. It would be nice if I could import all the sympy names but for a given function only. Don't think that's possible. Best alternative I can think of would be: import sympy as s def f(a): return s.sin(a) + s.cos(a) Cheers, Chris -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: changing sys.path
On 02/01/2012 05:13 PM, Eric Snow wrote: On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 9:15 AM, Andrea Crottiandrea.crott...@gmail.com wrote: So suppose I want to modify the sys.path on the fly before running some code which imports from one of the modules added. at run time I do sys.path.extend(paths_to_add) but it still doesn't work and I get an import error. Make sure you are adding to sys.path the directories that your packages/modules are in, and not the actual package directories. During import Python looks for modules/packages _in_ each of the directories on sys.path, but not _at_ those directories. Yes sure I do this.. If I take these paths and add them to site-packages/my_paths.pth everything works, but at run-time the paths which I actually see before importing are exactly the same. You mean sys.path looks exactly the same in the two cases? -eric Yes they are exactly the same, because in that file I just write exactly the same list, but when modifying it at run-time it doesn't work, while if at the application start there is this file everything works correctly... That's what really puzzles me.. What could that be then? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
Am 01.02.2012 18:36, schrieb Dave Angel: def f(a): from math import sin, cos return sin(a) + cos(a) print f(45) Does what you needed, and neatly. The only name added to the global namspace is f, of type function. I recommend against this approach. It's slightly slower and the global import lock will cause trouble if you start using threads. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: changing sys.path
On Feb 1, 10:15 am, Andrea Crotti andrea.crott...@gmail.com wrote: So suppose I want to modify the sys.path on the fly before running some code which imports from one of the modules added. at run time I do sys.path.extend(paths_to_add) but it still doesn't work and I get an import error. If I take these paths and add them to site-packages/my_paths.pth everything works, but at run-time the paths which I actually see before importing are exactly the same. 1. Is paths_to_add a nested list? 2. Have you tried inspecting the contents of sys.path AFTER calling extend method? Consider: py sys.path.__len__() 14 py sys.path.extend([[1,2,3]]) py sys.path.__len__() 15 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python zipfile v. native unzip
On 01/31/12 07:41, Jason Friedman wrote: Does Python 2.7's zipfile module use its own algorithm or does it leverage the zip/unzip libraries that exist on the host? I ask because my host's native unzip program cannot handle files that, when unzipped, are larger than 2GB. Will using Python 2.7 get around this limitation? According to: http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/5395f96588d4/Lib/zipfile.py#l669 I'm guessing that the ZIP64_LIMIT references the 2GB limit, and Python's zipfile module requires you to instantiate with zf = ZipFile(..., allosZip64=True) The ZIP64_LIMIT = (1 31) - 1 which is 2GB. It appears this was added in revision fd412a00a07d: Patch #1446489 (zipfile: support for ZIP64) which seems to have been implemented back in at least Python 2.5. -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
TypeError
Hello and thank you for all responses. I have resolved my problem. Turned out that one of the files was missing fn and after deleting the record, the program ran just fine. Thanks again, Katie -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Startup Chile Company Looking For Founding Developer/CTO
Hi everyone, My name is Jennifer Turliuk. I'm currently in Santiago, Chile for the next 6 months as part of the Startup Chile program. I think you may be able to help me out. We are looking to bring on a developer ASAP (see description below). If you are interested, we'd love to hear from you. Or, if you know of anyone that may be interested, we'd be very grateful if you would pass this along. Thanks in advance, and I look forward to hearing from you. Regards, Jenn *Startup Chile Company Looking for Founding Developer/CTO* We’re building a highly curated online marketplace where people can find others to exchange skills with on a one-to-one, offline basis. We’re looking for a full-time founding developer/CTO to join us, starting with the first 6 months in Santiago, Chile as part of the Startup Chile program. *About Us*: - Selected for Startup Chile program (alumni: Cruisewise, Gym-pact) - Secured seed funding - Finalist in competition to shadow Dave McClure (500 Startups) - Spoke on stage with Peter Thiel - First website was featured in magazine at age 13 - Top sales associate in one of N.A.’s most aggressive sales environments - Publicity stunt garnered $4MM in media coverage in 24hrs - Attended the Oscars Grammys - Member of exclusive kiteboarding group with CEOs of Dropbox, Scribd, Gowalla, etc. *About the Role*: - Build an AirBnB for skills-exchanges, where people can list skills that they can offer and want to learn (e.g. if they want to learn Spanish and can teach programming, they can find people to exchange with via trade or money) - Create a new sharing economy where time is the currency - Join a tight team that is serious about winning but also has a great time - Opportunity to build a team and manage others as we grow - Flexible compensation includes flights to South America, accommodation, salary, and equity. *About You*: - Comfortable with backend work, particularly working with databases and keeping an eye on application performance - Excited by challenges and the flexibility of a consumer-facing web startup - A deep-seated love of efficient/elegant Python, Ruby, Node.js or Django (front-end knowledge is also helpful) - Passionate about the business idea - Able to relocate to Santiago, Chile for 6 months fairly quickly. Contact us at jenn.turl...@gmail.com by February 1st. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
Dave Angel wrote:
I tried your experiment using Python 2.7 and Linux 11.04
def f(a):
from math import sin, cos
return sin(a) + cos(a)
print f(45)
Does what you needed, and neatly. The only name added to the global
namspace is f, of type function.
I was a bit surprised that using from math import * inside the
function worked, but it generates a warning:
olive.py:2: SyntaxWarning: import * only allowed at module level
def f(a):
I guess they want local symbols in functions to be pre-compiled. Similar to
the way you can't usefully update the dict returned by locals(). Strangely,
I notice that
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:09:56)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
def f(x):
... exec x
... exec 'print a'
...
f('a=4')
4
works, but I really cannot explain why.
Mel.
--
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PyDev 2.4.0 Released
Hi All, PyDev 2.4.0 has been released Details on PyDev: http://pydev.org Details on its development: http://pydev.blogspot.com Release Highlights: --- PyDev is now faster and uses less memory (many performance and memory improvements were done)! The contents of the homepage are now migrated to a wiki at https://wiki.appcelerator.org/display/tis/Python+Development ... (later most of the homepage will become a mirror of the wiki). Others * Organize imports: Fixed issue where other statements in a commit line got lost (now such a line is ignored). * PyDev Package Explorer: closed project no longer remains with old icons. * Fixed deadlock when setting project as Django. * Fixed issue in code formatting *args on lambda statement. * TODO tags: only searched now in a string/comment partition. * Fixed issue when saving empty document (bad location on code-formatter). * Fixed issue removing comments from document. * Applied patch for internal Jython 2.2.1 to fix list.sort (http://bugs.jython.org/issue1835099). * Fixed resolution of template variable prev_class_or_method and next_class_or_method. What is PyDev? --- PyDev is a plugin that enables users to use Eclipse for Python, Jython and IronPython development -- making Eclipse a first class Python IDE -- It comes with many goodies such as code completion, syntax highlighting, syntax analysis, refactor, debug and many others. Cheers, -- Fabio Zadrozny -- Software Developer Appcelerator http://appcelerator.com/ Aptana http://aptana.com/ PyDev - Python Development Environment for Eclipse http://pydev.org http://pydev.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Disable use of pyc file with no matching py file
On 2/1/2012 6:14 AM, Devin Jeanpierre wrote: It really bothers me that you imagine that there are no other problems than the newness. And it bothers me that you imput such ignorance to me. You made what I think was a bad analogy and I made a better one of the same type, though still imperfect. I acknowledged that the transition will take years. -- Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Disable use of pyc file with no matching py file
On 2/1/2012 8:11 AM, John Roth wrote: One other point: I'm unclear if a compiled module in the source directory would be named spam.pyc or spam.cpython-32.pyc. I'd think the latter to allow two versions of a compiled-only distribution. By test, it has to be spam.pyc, as before. -- Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Buffering in Wing and IDLE 3
On 2/1/2012 10:17 AM, Franck Ditter wrote: I would prefer to use IDLE but as we are in France, the Python team does not seem to be aware that the ~ and others are not available on MacOS-X here (probably the same in Europe)... We are quite aware of the problem but cannot directly do anything about it as the problem is with tcl/tk and Apple. A couple of days ago, Kevin Walzer wrote on an IDLE-sig post I'm currently reviewing an updated patch to address the problem. When I commit the patch, it will go into both Tk's trunk and in the Cocoa 8.5 backport, and eventually be available through ActiveState's distribution. -- Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: changing sys.path
On 2 February 2012 04:47, Andrea Crotti andrea.crott...@gmail.com wrote: Yes they are exactly the same, because in that file I just write exactly the same list, but when modifying it at run-time it doesn't work, while if at the application start there is this file everything works correctly... That's what really puzzles me.. What could that be then? Post the actual code, plus traceback. We cannot help you without it. Tim Delaney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Generator problem: parent class not seen
I have an odd and very intermittent problem in Python script. Occasionally it fails with this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 884, in run File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 1690, in initAll TypeError: unbound method initAll() must be called with BaseFocusScript instance as first argument (got ScriptClass instance instead) self=ScriptClass object at 0x2066b410; class hierarchy=[(class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.BaseFocusScript',)), [(class 'ScriptClass', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript',))]] The code looks like this: def run(self, sr): try: self.initAll() except Exception: traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr) sys.stderr.write(self=%r; class hierarchy=%s\n % (self, inspect.getclasstree([type(self)]))) raise As a detail that may be important: the code is a generator that is being run by a script runner class (an instance of which is passed into the run function as argument sr). When the user starts a script the script runner calls the script's run generator. The script runner calls the run generator again later when conditions are right (e.g. data that is being waited for arrives, a time limit is reached...). In this case the failure occurs at the very start of the script, so a yield has not yet executed. I am puzzled why Python thinks the class type is wrong, given the output of inspect.getclasstree. Any ideas on what might be wrong and how to track it down (and why it would be so intermittent)? -- Russell -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problem sending an email in html with mime image
Hi everybody I have a question, here is my problem I want to send an
email with content in html with an image embed so I converted the
image binary in mime text and then I put the mime code inside the src
attribute of the html like this:
img class=logoe src=data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4QAYRXhpZgAASUkq ... /
Then I send the email, here is my code:
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.core.mail.message import EmailMultiAlternatives
contextcopy = {}
message = render_to_string('bulletin.html', contextcopy)
subject = TEST
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, message,
from_email,['myem...@gmail.com''])
msg.attach_alternative(message, text/html)
msg.send()
The problem is that if I don't put the image mime code inside the src
the email is sent but when I put the code then the email is not send
and I don't get any error message.
Could somebody please, help me ???
Why the email is not send when I put the mime code of the image in the html ???
Regards,
Ariel
--
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Re: Patching CGIHTTPServer.py
Wow, that's very flattering :-) I've opened an item in the python bug tracker for this enhancement and attached my patch, let's see how it goes. Thanks, -- Giovanni On Sat, Jan 28, 2012 at 4:04 PM, Miki Tebeka miki.teb...@gmail.com wrote: IMO the code is good enough to submit a patch. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Work from Home. Earn $2000/month. No Investment. Part Time, 1-2h/day.
Work from Home. Earn $2000/month. No Investment. Part Time, 1-2h/day. Wanted Online Internet job workers. Job is only through Internet. Work from home part time jobs. You can earn $1500-2500/month working 1-2 hours/day, no matter where you live. These are genuine Data entry jobs Internet jobs. No Investment required. Only serious enquires please. For more details visit http://www.earnparttimejobs.com/index.php?id=3677959 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Work from Home. Earn $2000/month. No Investment. Part Time, 1-2h/day.
Work from Home. Earn $2000/month. No Investment. Part Time, 1-2h/day. Wanted Online Internet job workers. Job is only through Internet. Work from home part time jobs. You can earn $1500-2500/month working 1-2 hours/day, no matter where you live. These are genuine Data entry jobs Internet jobs. No Investment required. Only serious enquires please. For more details visit http://www.earnparttimejobs.com/index.php?id=3677959 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 11:47 AM, Mel Wilson mwil...@the-wire.com wrote:
I guess they want local symbols in functions to be pre-compiled. Similar to
the way you can't usefully update the dict returned by locals(). Strangely,
I notice that
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:09:56)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
def f(x):
... exec x
... exec 'print a'
...
f('a=4')
4
works, but I really cannot explain why.
I am not a dev, but I believe it works because assigning to locals()
and assigning via exec are not the same thing. The problem with
assigning to locals() is that you're fundamentally just setting a
value in a dictionary, and even though it happens to be the locals
dict for the stack frame, Python can't figure out that it should go
and update the value of the optimized local to match. exec, on the
other hand, compiles and executes an actual STORE_NAME operation. Of
course, if the particular local variable hasn't been optimized by the
compiler, then updating locals() works just fine (although you
probably should not rely on this):
def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print locals()[x]
... exec 'print ' + x
...
f('a', 42)
42
42
Another interesting thing to note is that the print in your example
doesn't even need to be in a second exec, which I believe works
because the presence of any exec statement disables global variable
optimizations for the function. Compare:
def f(x):
... locals()['a'] = 4
... print a
...
f('pass')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File stdin, line 3, in f
NameError: global name 'a' is not defined
def f(x):
... locals()['a'] = 4
... print a
... exec x
...
f('pass')
4
And while we're on the subject, here's a nicely obscure syntax error:
def f(x):
... def g():
... print x
... exec x
...
File stdin, line 4
SyntaxError: unqualified exec is not allowed in function 'f' it
contains a nested function with free variables
Cheers,
Ian
--
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Re: Generator problem: parent class not seen
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 1:00 PM, Russell E. Owen ro...@uw.edu wrote: I have an odd and very intermittent problem in Python script. Occasionally it fails with this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 884, in run File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 1690, in initAll TypeError: unbound method initAll() must be called with BaseFocusScript instance as first argument (got ScriptClass instance instead) snip The code looks like this: def run(self, sr): try: self.initAll() snip I am puzzled why Python thinks the class type is wrong, given the output of inspect.getclasstree. Any ideas on what might be wrong and how to track it down (and why it would be so intermittent)? What's the offending line of initAll() [#1690 in BaseFocusScript.py] look like? The lines preceding it would also be helpful for context. Cheers, Chris -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 3:24 PM, Ethan Furman et...@stoneleaf.us wrote:
Definitely should rely on it, because in CPython 3 exec does not un-optimize
the function and assigning to locals() will not actually change the
functions variables.
Well, the former is not surprising, since exec was changed from a
statement to a built-in. I don't see any difference in the way
locals() behaves, though:
Python 3.2 (r32:88445, Feb 20 2011, 21:29:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win
32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print(vars())
... exec('print(' + x + ')')
...
f('a', 42)
{'y': 42, 'x': 'a', 'a': 42}
42
That still seems to work as I described it. You couldn't directly
reference it as 'a', though, since the result would be either that it
would try to look up a global with that name, or the compiler would
consider it a local, optimize it, and then you could no longer assign
it via locals().
Cheers,
Ian
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
Ian Kelly wrote:
I am not a dev, but I believe it works because assigning to locals()
and assigning via exec are not the same thing. The problem with
assigning to locals() is that you're fundamentally just setting a
value in a dictionary, and even though it happens to be the locals
dict for the stack frame, Python can't figure out that it should go
and update the value of the optimized local to match. exec, on the
other hand, compiles and executes an actual STORE_NAME operation. Of
course, if the particular local variable hasn't been optimized by the
compiler, then updating locals() works just fine (although you
probably should not rely on this):
def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print locals()[x]
... exec 'print ' + x
...
f('a', 42)
42
42
Definitely should rely on it, because in CPython 3 exec does not
un-optimize the function and assigning to locals() will not actually
change the functions variables.
~Ethan~
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 3:53 PM, Ethan Furman et...@stoneleaf.us wrote:
-- def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print(vars())
... exec('print (' + x + ')')
... print(x)
...
-- f('a', 42)
{'y': 42, 'x': 'a', 'a': 42}
42
a
Indeed -- the point to keep in mind is that locals() can become out of sync
with the functions actual variables. Definitely falls in the camp of if
you don't know *exactly* what you are doing, do not play this way!
Sure, but that's not actually out of sync. The argument of your exec
evaluates to 'print (a)'. You get two different results because
you're actually printing two different variables. You can get the
dict temporarily out of sync:
def f(x, y):
... frob = None
... loc = locals()
... loc[x] = y
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
... print(loc)
...
f('frob', 42)
{'y': 42, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': 42, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 42, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 42, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
In this case, 'frob' is updated to 42 in the dict, but the optimized
local is not updated. Calling locals() again refreshes the dict.
--
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Re: Generator problem: parent class not seen
On Feb 1, 2012, at 2:34 PM, Chris Rebert wrote: On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 1:00 PM, Russell E. Owen ro...@uw.edu wrote: I have an odd and very intermittent problem in Python script. Occasionally it fails with this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 884, in run File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 1690, in initAll TypeError: unbound method initAll() must be called with BaseFocusScript instance as first argument (got ScriptClass instance instead) snip The code looks like this: def run(self, sr): try: self.initAll() snip I am puzzled why Python thinks the class type is wrong, given the output of inspect.getclasstree. Any ideas on what might be wrong and how to track it down (and why it would be so intermittent)? What's the offending line of initAll() [#1690 in BaseFocusScript.py] look like? The lines preceding it would also be helpful for context. Here you go. The offending line #169 is marked with *** -- Russell class ImagerFocusScript(BaseFocusScript): ... def __init__(self, sr, instName, imageViewerTLName = None, defRadius = 5.0, defBinFactor = 1, maxFindAmpl = None, doWindow = False, windowOrigin = 1, windowIsInclusive = True, doZeroOverscan = False, helpURL = None, debug = False, ): ... BaseFocusScript.__init__(self, sr = sr, gcamActor = gcamActor, instName = instName, imageViewerTLName = imageViewerTLName, defRadius = defRadius, defBinFactor = defBinFactor, maxFindAmpl = maxFindAmpl, doWindow = doWindow, windowOrigin = windowOrigin, windowIsInclusive = windowIsInclusive, helpURL = helpURL, debug = debug, ) self.doZeroOverscan = bool(doZeroOverscan) def initAll(self): Override the default initAll to record initial bin factor, if relevant *** BaseFocusScript.initAll(self) if self.exposeModel.instInfo.numBin 0: self.finalBinFactor = self.exposeModel.bin.getInd(0)[0] Also, here is BaseFocusScript: class BaseFocusScript(object): Basic focus script object. This is a virtual base class. The inheritor must: - Provide widgets - Provide a run method cmd_Find = find cmd_Measure = measure cmd_Sweep = sweep # constants #DefRadius = 5.0 # centroid radius, in arcsec #NewStarRad = 2.0 # amount of star position change to be considered a new star DefFocusNPos = 5 # number of focus positions DefFocusRange = 200 # default focus range around current focus FocusWaitMS = 1000 # time to wait after every focus adjustment (ms) BacklashComp = 0 # amount of backlash compensation, in microns (0 for none) WinSizeMult = 2.5 # window radius = centroid radius * WinSizeMult FocGraphMargin = 5 # margin on graph for x axis limits, in um MaxFocSigmaFac = 0.5 # maximum allowed sigma of best fit focus as a multiple of focus range MinFocusIncr = 10 # minimum focus increment, in um def __init__(self, sr, gcamActor, instName, tccInstPrefix = None, imageViewerTLName = None, defRadius = 5.0, defBinFactor = 1, finalBinFactor = None, canSetStarPos = True, maxFindAmpl = None, doWindow = True, windowOrigin = 0, windowIsInclusive = True, helpURL = None, debug = False, ): self.sr = sr self.sr.debug = bool(debug) self.gcamActor = gcamActor def initAll(self): Initialize variables, table and graph. # initialize shared variables self.doTakeFinalImage = False self.focDir = None self.currBoreXYDeg = None self.begBoreXYDeg = None self.instScale = None self.arcsecPerPixel = None self.instCtr = None self.instLim = None self.cmdMode = None self.focPosToRestore = None self.expTime = None self.absStarPos = None self.relStarPos = None self.binFactor = None self.window = None # LL pixel is 0, UR pixel is included self.enableCmdBtns(False) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generator problem: parent class not seen
Russell E. Owen wrote: I have an odd and very intermittent problem in Python script. Occasionally it fails with this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 884, in run File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 1690, in initAll TypeError: unbound method initAll() must be called with BaseFocusScript instance as first argument (got ScriptClass instance instead) self=ScriptClass object at 0x2066b410; class hierarchy=[(class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.BaseFocusScript',)), [(class 'ScriptClass', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript',))]] The code looks like this: def run(self, sr): try: self.initAll() except Exception: traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr) sys.stderr.write(self=%r; class hierarchy=%s\n % (self, inspect.getclasstree([type(self)]))) raise As a detail that may be important: the code is a generator that is being run by a script runner class (an instance of which is passed into the run function as argument sr). When the user starts a script the script runner calls the script's run generator. The script runner calls the run generator again later when conditions are right (e.g. data that is being waited for arrives, a time limit is reached...). In this case the failure occurs at the very start of the script, so a yield has not yet executed. I am puzzled why Python thinks the class type is wrong, given the output of inspect.getclasstree. Any ideas on what might be wrong and how to track it down (and why it would be so intermittent)? Do you reload()? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generator problem: parent class not seen
On Feb 1, 2012 9:01 PM, Russell E. Owen ro...@uw.edu wrote: I have an odd and very intermittent problem in Python script. Occasionally it fails with this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 884, in run File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 1690, in initAll TypeError: unbound method initAll() must be called with BaseFocusScript instance as first argument (got ScriptClass instance instead) self=ScriptClass object at 0x2066b410; class hierarchy=[(class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.BaseFocusScript',)), [(class 'ScriptClass', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript',))]] Looks like you have loaded the same module twice. So you have two versions of your class hierarchies. You can check by printing the ids of your classes. You will get classes with the same name but different ids. Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
Ethan Furman wrote:
Ian Kelly wrote:
I am not a dev, but I believe it works because assigning to locals()
and assigning via exec are not the same thing. The problem with
assigning to locals() is that you're fundamentally just setting a
value in a dictionary, and even though it happens to be the locals
dict for the stack frame, Python can't figure out that it should go
and update the value of the optimized local to match. exec, on the
other hand, compiles and executes an actual STORE_NAME operation. Of
course, if the particular local variable hasn't been optimized by the
compiler, then updating locals() works just fine (although you
probably should not rely on this):
def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print locals()[x]
... exec 'print ' + x
...
f('a', 42)
42
42
Definitely should rely on it, because in CPython 3 exec does not
un-optimize the function and assigning to locals() will not actually
change the functions variables.
Ouch, that should have been *not* rely on it; not because it doesn't
work (exec uses locals() if one is not specified), but because it is
easy for the names in the function to get out of sync with the names in
the functions locals() (or __dict__).
~Ethan~
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Buffering in Wing and IDLE 3
On 2/1/12 3:01 PM, Terry Reedy wrote: On 2/1/2012 10:17 AM, Franck Ditter wrote: I would prefer to use IDLE but as we are in France, the Python team does not seem to be aware that the ~ and others are not available on MacOS-X here (probably the same in Europe)... We are quite aware of the problem but cannot directly do anything about it as the problem is with tcl/tk and Apple. A couple of days ago, Kevin Walzer wrote on an IDLE-sig post I'm currently reviewing an updated patch to address the problem. When I commit the patch, it will go into both Tk's trunk and in the Cocoa 8.5 backport, and eventually be available through ActiveState's distribution. And it's been committed: http://core.tcl.tk/tk/info/9844fe10b9 --Kevin -- Kevin Walzer Code by Kevin http://www.codebykevin.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
solutions manual
solutions for student solutions(dot)for(dot)student(at)hotmail(dot)com We're a team for providing solution manuals to help students in their study. We sell the books in a soft copy, PDF format. We will find any book or solution manual for you. Just email us: s o l u t i o n s . f o r . s t u d e n t @ h o t m a i l . c o m List of some books we have = A Course in Modern Mathematical Physics by Peter Szekeres A First Course in Abstract Algebra By John B. Fraleigh A first course in probability 6th edition by Ross A First Course in String Theory by Barton Zwiebach A Practical Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis Second Edition by Clifford A. Shaffer A Quantum Approach to Condensed Matter Physics by Philip L. Taylor A Short Introduction to Quantum Information and Quantum Computation by Michel Le Bellac Accompany Digital Systems Principles and Applications, 10th Edition By Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S. Widmer, Gregory L. Moss Accompany Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals, First Edition by Stephen J. Chapman Accompany Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8Ed By Robert L. Boylestad; Louis Nashelsky; Franz J. Monseen Accompany Elementary Statistics Ninth Edition by MILTON LOYER Accompany Engineering circuit analysis, 6th edition By Hayt Accompany Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory 2nd Ed. by John R. Reitz, Frederick J. Milford Accompany Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition by Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi Accompany Introduction to algorithms By Sussman J Accompany Physics for Poets Second Edition By Robert H. March Accompany Principles of geotechnical engineering, sixth edition by braja M. DAS Adaptive Control, 2nd Edition, By Karl Johan Astrom,Bjorn Wittenmark Adaptive filter thoery 4th edition By Simon Haykin Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL by Michael D. Ciletti (Selected problems) Advanced engineering electromagnetics by Constantine A. Balanis Advanced Engineering Mathematics 8 Edition By Erwin Kreyszig Advanced Engineering Mathematics 9 Edition By Erwin Kreyszig Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics 3rd Edition by Glyn James Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students Fourth Edition by T. H. G. Megson (2007) Algebra and Trigonometry and Precalculus, 3rd Edition by Penna Bittinger Beecher An introduction to database systems 8th edition By C J Date An Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations By James C. Robinson (with Matlab files) An Introduction to Signals and Systems By John Stuller An Introduction to The Finite Element Method (Third Edition) By J. N. REDDY Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits 4th edition by Srikanth Vaidianathan and Haoyuee Wang Analytical Mechanics, 7th Edition By Fowles Cassiday Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Balanis Antennas for all Applications 3rd edition by John D. Kraus Ronald J. Marhefka Anton Calculus 8th edition, Exercises solutions Applied Numerical Analysis 7th Edition By Curtis F. Gerald,Patrick O. Wheatley Applied Partial Differential Equations with Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems 4th Edition by Richard Haberman Applied Quantum Mechanics by A. F. J. Levi Applied Statistics And Probability For Engineers 3rd edition By Montgomery,Runger Applied Statistics And Probability For Engineers 4th edition By Montgomery,Runger Applied Strength of Materials 4th Edition By Robert L. Mott Artificial Intelligence A ModernApproach 2nd edition by StuartJ. Russelland, Peter Norvig Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers,3ed, by Kip R. Irvine Automatic Control Systems 8th edition By Kuo and Golnaraghi Basic Electrical Engineering By Nagrath, D P Kothari, Nagrath D P Kothari I J Nagrath, I J Nagrath, 2002 Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis 7th Ed. by J. David Irwin (Selected Problems) Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis 8th Edition By J. David Irwin C++ How to Program, 3rd Ed by Harvey M. Deitel, Paul J. Deitel C++ How to Program, 3rd edition By Deitel Nieto Calculus 5th Edition By James Stewart Calculus A Complete Course 6th Edition by R.A. Adams Calculus Early Transcendentals 5th Edition By Stewart Calculus early transcendentals 7th edition By Anton Bivens Davis calculus multivariable 4th edition Deborah Hughes-Hallett, Andrew M. Gleason, et al Calculus Single Variable Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics 3rd Ed. by Stanley I. Sandler Chemical Enginering Vol 6 4th edition by Coulson and Richardson Classical Dynamics A Contemporary Approach by Jorge V. Jose, Eugene J. Saletan Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems 5th edition by Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. Marion Classical Electrodynamics 2nd Edition by John David Jackson by Kasper van Wijk Classical Mechanics - An Undergraduate Text by R. Douglas Gregory Classical Mechanics 2nd edition By Goldstein Safko CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits 3rd edition By Sung-Mo Kang,Yusuf Leblebici CMOS VLSI Design 3e by ananymous
Re: Question about name scope
Ian Kelly wrote:
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 3:24 PM, Ethan Furman et...@stoneleaf.us wrote:
Definitely should rely on it, because in CPython 3 exec does not un-optimize
the function and assigning to locals() will not actually change the
functions variables.
Well, the former is not surprising, since exec was changed from a
statement to a built-in. I don't see any difference in the way
locals() behaves, though:
Python 3.2 (r32:88445, Feb 20 2011, 21:29:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win
32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print(vars())
... exec('print(' + x + ')')
...
f('a', 42)
{'y': 42, 'x': 'a', 'a': 42}
42
That still seems to work as I described it. You couldn't directly
reference it as 'a', though, since the result would be either that it
would try to look up a global with that name, or the compiler would
consider it a local, optimize it, and then you could no longer assign
it via locals().
Cheers,
Ian
-- def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print(vars())
... exec('print (' + x + ')')
... print(x)
...
-- f('a', 42)
{'y': 42, 'x': 'a', 'a': 42}
42
a
Indeed -- the point to keep in mind is that locals() can become out of
sync with the functions actual variables. Definitely falls in the camp
of if you don't know *exactly* what you are doing, do not play this way!
~Ethan~
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 4:41 PM, Ethan Furman et...@stoneleaf.us wrote:
I'm not sure what you mean by temporary:
-- def f(x, y):
... frob = None
... loc = locals()
... loc[x] = y
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
...
--
-- f('frob', 19)
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': 19}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
Seems to be stuck that way.
The first print is the one that is incorrect. It suggests that the
local 'frob' has been changed to 19 as it has in the dict, but the
actual value of the local is still None. The second print on
accurately reflect that.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
solutions books
solutions for student solutions(dot)for(dot)student(at)hotmail(dot)com We're a team for providing solution manuals to help students in their study. We sell the books in a soft copy, PDF format. We will find any book or solution manual for you. Just email us: s o l u t i o n s . f o r . s t u d e n t @ h o t m a i l . c o m List of some books we have = A Course in Modern Mathematical Physics by Peter Szekeres A First Course in Abstract Algebra By John B. Fraleigh A first course in probability 6th edition by Ross A First Course in String Theory by Barton Zwiebach A Practical Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis Second Edition by Clifford A. Shaffer A Quantum Approach to Condensed Matter Physics by Philip L. Taylor A Short Introduction to Quantum Information and Quantum Computation by Michel Le Bellac Accompany Digital Systems Principles and Applications, 10th Edition By Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S. Widmer, Gregory L. Moss Accompany Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals, First Edition by Stephen J. Chapman Accompany Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8Ed By Robert L. Boylestad; Louis Nashelsky; Franz J. Monseen Accompany Elementary Statistics Ninth Edition by MILTON LOYER Accompany Engineering circuit analysis, 6th edition By Hayt Accompany Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory 2nd Ed. by John R. Reitz, Frederick J. Milford Accompany Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition by Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi Accompany Introduction to algorithms By Sussman J Accompany Physics for Poets Second Edition By Robert H. March Accompany Principles of geotechnical engineering, sixth edition by braja M. DAS Adaptive Control, 2nd Edition, By Karl Johan Astrom,Bjorn Wittenmark Adaptive filter thoery 4th edition By Simon Haykin Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL by Michael D. Ciletti (Selected problems) Advanced engineering electromagnetics by Constantine A. Balanis Advanced Engineering Mathematics 8 Edition By Erwin Kreyszig Advanced Engineering Mathematics 9 Edition By Erwin Kreyszig Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics 3rd Edition by Glyn James Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students Fourth Edition by T. H. G. Megson (2007) Algebra and Trigonometry and Precalculus, 3rd Edition by Penna Bittinger Beecher An introduction to database systems 8th edition By C J Date An Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations By James C. Robinson (with Matlab files) An Introduction to Signals and Systems By John Stuller An Introduction to The Finite Element Method (Third Edition) By J. N. REDDY Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits 4th edition by Srikanth Vaidianathan and Haoyuee Wang Analytical Mechanics, 7th Edition By Fowles Cassiday Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Balanis Antennas for all Applications 3rd edition by John D. Kraus Ronald J. Marhefka Anton Calculus 8th edition, Exercises solutions Applied Numerical Analysis 7th Edition By Curtis F. Gerald,Patrick O. Wheatley Applied Partial Differential Equations with Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems 4th Edition by Richard Haberman Applied Quantum Mechanics by A. F. J. Levi Applied Statistics And Probability For Engineers 3rd edition By Montgomery,Runger Applied Statistics And Probability For Engineers 4th edition By Montgomery,Runger Applied Strength of Materials 4th Edition By Robert L. Mott Artificial Intelligence A ModernApproach 2nd edition by StuartJ. Russelland, Peter Norvig Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers,3ed, by Kip R. Irvine Automatic Control Systems 8th edition By Kuo and Golnaraghi Basic Electrical Engineering By Nagrath, D P Kothari, Nagrath D P Kothari I J Nagrath, I J Nagrath, 2002 Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis 7th Ed. by J. David Irwin (Selected Problems) Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis 8th Edition By J. David Irwin C++ How to Program, 3rd Ed by Harvey M. Deitel, Paul J. Deitel C++ How to Program, 3rd edition By Deitel Nieto Calculus 5th Edition By James Stewart Calculus A Complete Course 6th Edition by R.A. Adams Calculus Early Transcendentals 5th Edition By Stewart Calculus early transcendentals 7th edition By Anton Bivens Davis calculus multivariable 4th edition Deborah Hughes-Hallett, Andrew M. Gleason, et al Calculus Single Variable Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics 3rd Ed. by Stanley I. Sandler Chemical Enginering Vol 6 4th edition by Coulson and Richardson Classical Dynamics A Contemporary Approach by Jorge V. Jose, Eugene J. Saletan Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems 5th edition by Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. Marion Classical Electrodynamics 2nd Edition by John David Jackson by Kasper van Wijk Classical Mechanics - An Undergraduate Text by R. Douglas Gregory Classical Mechanics 2nd edition By Goldstein Safko CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits 3rd edition By Sung-Mo Kang,Yusuf Leblebici CMOS VLSI Design 3e by ananymous
Re: Question about name scope
Ian Kelly wrote:
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 4:41 PM, Ethan Furman et...@stoneleaf.us wrote:
I'm not sure what you mean by temporary:
-- def f(x, y):
... frob = None
... loc = locals()
... loc[x] = y
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
...
--
-- f('frob', 19)
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': 19}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
Seems to be stuck that way.
The first print is the one that is incorrect. It suggests that the
local 'frob' has been changed to 19 as it has in the dict, but the
actual value of the local is still None. The second print on
accurately reflect that.
Ah. Thanks for the explanations.
~Ethan~
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generator problem: parent class not seen
On Feb 1, 2012, at 3:35 PM, Arnaud Delobelle wrote: On Feb 1, 2012 9:01 PM, Russell E. Owen ro...@uw.edu wrote: I have an odd and very intermittent problem in Python script. Occasionally it fails with this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 884, in run File /Applications/APO/TTUI.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/TUI/Base/Bas eFocusScript.py, line 1690, in initAll TypeError: unbound method initAll() must be called with BaseFocusScript instance as first argument (got ScriptClass instance instead) self=ScriptClass object at 0x2066b410; class hierarchy=[(class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.BaseFocusScript',)), [(class 'ScriptClass', (class 'TUI.Base.BaseFocusScript.ImagerFocusScript',))]] Looks like you have loaded the same module twice. So you have two versions of your class hierarchies. You can check by printing the ids of your classes. You will get classes with the same name but different ids. Arnaud Yes! I was reloading BaseFocusScript. Oops. In detail: script files are dynamically loaded when first requested and can be reloaded for debugging. I think that's safe because script files are self-contained (e.g. the classes in them are never subclassed or anything like that). But I went too far: I had my focus scripts reload BaseFocusScript, which is shared code, so that I could tweak BaseFocusScript while debugging focus scripts. Thank you very much! -- Russell-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Registry entries set up by the Windows installer
On 2/02/2012 2:09 AM, Paul Moore wrote: I'm trying to get information on what registry entries are set up by the Python Windows installer, and what variations exist. I don't know enough about MSI to easily read the source, so I'm hoping someone who knows can help :-) As far as I can see on my PC, the installer puts entries HKLM\Software\Python\PythonCore\x.y with various bits underneath. I think I've seen indications that sometimes these are in HKCU, presumably for a per user install? If I manually hack around in the registry, and have both HKLM and HKCU, which one will Python use? For setting PYTHONPATH it uses both - HKEY_CURRENT_USER is added before HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE. I can't recall which one distutils generated (bdist_wininst) installers will use - it may even offer the choice. Furthermore, more of a Windows question than Python, but there's a similar question with regard to the .py and .pyw file associations - they can be in HKLM\Software\Classes or HKCU\Software\Classes. Which takes precedence? No idea I'm afraid, but I'd expect it to use HKCU I assume that the installer writes to HKLM for all users and HKCU for per-user installs. Yep, I think that is correct. Is there anything else I've missed? I'm also not sure which one the pylauncher project will prefer, which may become relevant should that get rolled into Python itself. The reason I ask, is that I'm starting to work with virtualenv, and I want to see what would be involved in (re-)setting the registry entries to match the currently active virtualenv. virtualenvwrapper- powershell seems to only deal with HKCU (which is a big plus on Windows 7, as it avoids endless elevation requests :-)) but that doesn't work completely cleanly with my all-users install. (Note: I'm not entirely sure that changing global settings like this to patch a per-console virtualenv is a good idea, but I'd like to know how hard it is before dismissing it...) Out of interest, what is the reason forcing you to look at that - bdist_wininst installers? FWIW, my encounters with virtualenv haven't forced me to hack the registry - I just install bdist_wininst packages into the parent Python which isn't ideal but works fine for me. This was a year or so ago, so the world might have changed since then. Mark -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
Ian Kelly wrote:
Sure, but that's not actually out of sync. The argument of your exec
evaluates to 'print (a)'. You get two different results because
you're actually printing two different variables.
Ah -- thanks, I missed that.
You can get the dict temporarily out of sync:
def f(x, y):
... frob = None
... loc = locals()
... loc[x] = y
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
... print(loc)
...
f('frob', 42)
{'y': 42, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': 42, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 42, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 42, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
In this case, 'frob' is updated to 42 in the dict, but the optimized
local is not updated. Calling locals() again refreshes the dict.
I'm not sure what you mean by temporary:
-- def f(x, y):
... frob = None
... loc = locals()
... loc[x] = y
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
... print(loc)
... print(locals())
...
--
-- f('frob', 19)
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': 19}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
{'y': 19, 'x': 'frob', 'frob': None, 'loc': {...}}
Seems to be stuck that way.
Here is a better example I was thinking of:
-- def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... locals()['x'] = 17
... print(locals())
... print(x)
... print(y)
...
-- f('a', 42)
{'y': 42, 'x': 'a', 'a': 42}
a
42
So locals() was updated with 'a', but not with the assignment to 'x'.
And of course, if we tried to 'print(a)' we'd get a NameError.
~Ethan~
--
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Re: TypeError
Hello Katie, When posting to technical news groups like this, can you please send plain text emails rather than so-called rich text (actually HTML code) email? Or at least, don't use Microsoft Word as your email editor. Many people will be reading your posts using text applications and will see line after line of very bad HTML like this: p class=MsoNormalHello,o:p/o:p/p p class=MsoNormalo:pnbsp;/o:p/p p class=MsoNormalI am new to python and am trying to correct the follow error:o:p/o:p/p p class=MsoNormalo:pnbsp;/o:p/p p class=MsoNormalbTypeError: sequence item 1: expected string, NoneType foundo:p/o:p/b/p [...] and that's the sort of thing that makes programmers grumpy and less inclined to help. To answer your question: On Wed, 01 Feb 2012 16:53:41 +, Clark, Kathleen wrote: I am new to python and am trying to correct the follow error: TypeError: sequence item 1: expected string, NoneType found It is best, if possible, to post the entire traceback starting with the line Traceback (most recent call last) rather than just the last line. In this case, the error is simple enough to work out that it may not matter, but in general it often does matter. The error message is referencing line 86 of my code: ws.cell(row=row, column=1).value = ','.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdob]) In this case, one of the variables fn, ln and sdob is None instead of a string. If I'm understanding this correctly, the code is expecting a string, but not finding it. I'm wondering, what is meant by a string and also how I can figure out the problem and correct it. If you are new enough to programming that you need to ask what is a string, you might find the Python tutor mailing list a more useful place than here. http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor String is short for string of characters, that is, text, and in Python strings are created with quotation marks or the str() function. So: a = this is a string b = 'so is this' c = str(some_variable) # and so is this To fix the problem, there is a quick and dirty way, and the proper way. The quick and dirty way is to just force all items in the list to be strings, regardless of what they currently are. Your line: ws.cell(row=row, column=1).value = ','.join([str(ino), fn, ln, sdob]) becomes: ws.cell(row=row, column=1).value = ','.join( [str(ino), str(fn), str(ln), str(sdob)]) While this might work, the fact that one or more of fn, ln and sdob is None may be a bug in your code, and converting to a string may very well just obscure the source of the bug and make it harder to solve in the long run. So the proper way to fix the problem is: (1) Identify which variable is not a string. (2) Find out why it becomes set to None. (3) Fix it. The first part is easy: insert this line before line 86: print(fn, ln, sdob:, fn, ln, sdob) and see what it says. Fixing it means working backwards from that point, finding out where the variable gets set to None, and fixing that bug. Good luck! -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
On Wed, 01 Feb 2012 14:53:09 -0800, Ethan Furman wrote: Indeed -- the point to keep in mind is that locals() can become out of sync with the functions actual variables. Definitely falls in the camp of if you don't know *exactly* what you are doing, do not play this way! And if you *do* know exactly what you are doing, you will probably decide not to play this way also! -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question about name scope
Ethan Furman wrote:
Ethan Furman wrote:
Ian Kelly wrote:
I am not a dev, but I believe it works because assigning to locals()
and assigning via exec are not the same thing. The problem with
assigning to locals() is that you're fundamentally just setting a
value in a dictionary, and even though it happens to be the locals
dict for the stack frame, Python can't figure out that it should go
and update the value of the optimized local to match. exec, on the
other hand, compiles and executes an actual STORE_NAME operation. Of
course, if the particular local variable hasn't been optimized by the
compiler, then updating locals() works just fine (although you
probably should not rely on this):
def f(x, y):
... locals()[x] = y
... print locals()[x]
... exec 'print ' + x
...
f('a', 42)
42
42
Definitely should rely on it, because in CPython 3 exec does not
un-optimize the function and assigning to locals() will not actually
change the functions variables.
Ouch, that should have been *not* rely on it; not because it doesn't
work (exec uses locals() if one is not specified), but because it is
easy for the names in the function to get out of sync with the names in
the functions locals() (or __dict__).
I should stop answering now :( Ignore the __dict__ comment, it is
incorrect.
~Ethan~
--
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Re: changing sys.path
On Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:47:22 +, Andrea Crotti wrote: Yes they are exactly the same, because in that file I just write exactly the same list, but when modifying it at run-time it doesn't work, while if at the application start there is this file everything works correctly... That's what really puzzles me.. What could that be then? Are you using IDLE or WingIDE or some other IDE which may not be honouring sys.path? If so, that's a BAD bug in the IDE. Are you changing the working directory manually, by calling os.chdir? If so, that could be interfering with the import somehow. It shouldn't, but you never know... Are you adding absolute paths or relative paths? You say that you get an ImportError, but that covers a lot of things going wrong. Here's a story. Could it be correct? I can't tell because you haven't posted the traceback. When you set site-packages/my_paths.pth you get a sys path that looks like ['a', 'b', 'fe', 'fi', 'fo', 'fum']. You then call import spam which locates b/spam.py and everything works. But when you call sys.path.extend(['a', 'b']) you get a path that looks like ['fe', 'fi', 'fo', 'fum', 'a', 'b']. Calling import spam locates some left over junk file, fi/spam.py or fi/spam.pyc, which doesn't import, and you get an ImportError. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
simple system for building packages for multiple platforms?
Hi all, Until recently, our package has been pure Python, so distributing it has been straightforward. Now, however, we want to add some extension modules in C++. We're happy to provide source only distributions on Linux because almost all Linux users will have all the required compilers and so forth already installed. But we also want to support Windows users who may not have C++ compilers available, which means providing built distributions. But, we're faced with this problem, there are three versions of Python we're supporting (2.5-2.7) and two architectures (32 and 64 bit), which means 6 possible platforms to build for (and maybe more in future if we upgrade to Python 3). Is there a straightforward way to set up a semi-automated build system for this? At the moment, I'm thinking about either having a bunch of virtual machines or Amazon EC2 instances and submitting build jobs to these, but setting that up looks to be a lot of work and I guess many people have had this problem before. So, what do other people do? Also, once we have a build system up, I guess it can also be used for a more extensive testing system on these multiple platforms? Dan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: copy on write
On Fri, 13 Jan 2012 10:40:47 -0800
Ethan Furman et...@stoneleaf.us wrote:
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
Normally this is harmless, but there is one interesting little
glitch you can get:
t = ('a', [23])
t[1] += [42]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
t
('a', [23, 42])
IMHO, this is worthy of bug-hood: shouldn't we be able to conclude from the
TypeError that the assignment failed?
There is one other glitch, and possibly my only complaint:
-- a = [1, 2, 3]
-- b = 'hello, world'
-- a = a + b
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not str) to list
-- a += b
-- a
[1, 2, 3, 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ',', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']
IMO, either both + and += should succeed, or both should fail.
~Ethan~
This also happens for tuples, sets, generators and range objects (probably any
iterable), AFAIK only when the left operand is a list. Do lists get special
treatment in terms of implicitly converting the right-hand operand?
The behaviour of the in-place operator could be more consistent across types:
a=[1,2]
a+=(3,4)
a
[1, 2, 3, 4]
a=(1,2)
a+=(3,4)
a
(1, 2, 3, 4)
a=(1,2)
a+=[3,4]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not list) to tuple
John
--
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Re: copy on write
On Jan 13, 10:48 am, Devin Jeanpierre jeanpierr...@gmail.com wrote: On Fri, Jan 13, 2012 at 10:13 AM, Grant Edwards inva...@invalid.invalid wrote: On 2012-01-13, Devin Jeanpierre jeanpierr...@gmail.com wrote: On Fri, Jan 13, 2012 at 7:30 AM, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: There's a bit of a feeling that code should do what it looks like and be sort of understandable without exactly understanding everything. Yeah there's a word for that; INTUITIVE, And I've been preaching its virtues (sadly in vain it seems!) to these folks for some time now. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: xhtml encoding question
On 2/1/2012 3:26 AM, Stefan Behnel wrote:
Tim Arnold, 31.01.2012 19:09:
I have to follow a specification for producing xhtml files.
The original files are in cp1252 encoding and I must reencode them to utf-8.
Also, I have to replace certain characters with html entities.
-
import codecs, StringIO
from lxml import etree
high_chars = {
0x2014:'mdash;', # 'EM DASH',
0x2013:'ndash;', # 'EN DASH',
0x0160:'Scaron;',# 'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON',
0x201d:'rdquo;', # 'RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x201c:'ldquo;', # 'LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2019:rsquo;, # 'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2018:lsquo;, # 'LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2122:'trade;', # 'TRADE MARK SIGN',
0x00A9:'copy;', # 'COPYRIGHT SYMBOL',
}
def translate(string):
s = ''
for c in string:
if ord(c) in high_chars:
c = high_chars.get(ord(c))
s += c
return s
I hope you are aware that this is about the slowest possible algorithm
(well, the slowest one that doesn't do anything unnecessary). Since none of
this is required when parsing or generating XHTML, I assume your spec tells
you that you should do these replacements?
I wasn't aware of it, but I am now--code's embarassing now.
The spec I must follow forces me to do the translation.
I am actually working with html not xhtml; which makes a huge
difference, sorry for that.
Ulrich's line of code for translate is elegant.
for c in string:
s += high_chars.get(c,c)
def reencode(filename, in_encoding='cp1252',out_encoding='utf-8'):
with codecs.open(filename,encoding=in_encoding) as f:
s = f.read()
sio = StringIO.StringIO(translate(s))
parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding=in_encoding)
tree = etree.parse(sio, parser)
Yes, you are doing something dangerous and wrong here. For one, you are
decoding the data twice. Then, didn't you say XHTML? Why do you use the
HTML parser to parse XML?
I see that I'm decoding twice now, thanks.
Also, I now see that when lxml writes the result back out the entities I
got from my translate function are resolved, which defeats the whole
purpose.
result = etree.tostring(tree.getroot(), method='html',
pretty_print=True,
encoding=out_encoding)
with open(filename,'wb') as f:
f.write(result)
Use tree.write(f, ...)
From the all the info I've received on this thread, plus some
additional reading, I think I need the following code.
Use the HTMLParser because the source files are actually HTML, and use
output from etree.tostring() as input to translate() as the very last step.
def reencode(filename, in_encoding='cp1252', out_encoding='utf-8'):
parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding=in_encoding)
tree = etree.parse(filename, parser)
result = etree.tostring(tree.getroot(), method='html',
pretty_print=True,
encoding=out_encoding)
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(translate(result))
not simply tree.write(f...) because I have to do the translation at the
end, so I get the entities instead of the resolved entities from lxml.
Again, it would be simpler if this was xhtml, but I misspoke
(mis-wrote?) when I said xhtml; this is for html.
Assuming you really meant XHTML and not HTML, I'd just drop your entire
code and do this instead:
tree = etree.parse(in_path)
tree.write(out_path, encoding='utf8', pretty_print=True)
Note that I didn't provide an input encoding. XML is safe in that regard.
Stefan
thanks everyone for the help.
--Tim Arnold
--
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Re: copy on write
On Wed, 01 Feb 2012 19:51:13 -0800, Rick Johnson wrote: Yeah there's a word for that; INTUITIVE, And I've been preaching its virtues (sadly in vain it seems!) to these folks for some time now. Intuitive to whom? Expert Python programmers? VB coders? Perl hackers? School children who have never programmed before? Mathematicians? Babies? Rocket scientists? Hunter-gatherers from the Kalahari desert? My intuition tells me you have never even considered that intuition depends on who is doing the intuiting. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: copy on write
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 10:18 PM, John O'Hagan resea...@johnohagan.com wrote:
On Fri, 13 Jan 2012 10:40:47 -0800
Ethan Furman et...@stoneleaf.us wrote:
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
Normally this is harmless, but there is one interesting little
glitch you can get:
t = ('a', [23])
t[1] += [42]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
t
('a', [23, 42])
IMHO, this is worthy of bug-hood: shouldn't we be able to conclude from the
TypeError that the assignment failed?
It did fail. The mutation did not.
I can't think of any way out of this misleadingness, although if you
can that would be pretty awesome.
-- Devin
--
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Re: Disable use of pyc file with no matching py file
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 2:53 PM, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote: And it bothers me that you imput such ignorance to me. You made what I think was a bad analogy and I made a better one of the same type, though still imperfect. I acknowledged that the transition will take years. Ah. It is a common attitude among those that make these sorts of comments about Python 3, and I hadn't read anything in what you said that made me think that you were considering more than the superficial costs of moving. I am sorry that I did not give you the benefit of the doubt. -- Devin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: xhtml encoding question
Tim Arnold, 01.02.2012 19:15:
On 2/1/2012 3:26 AM, Stefan Behnel wrote:
Tim Arnold, 31.01.2012 19:09:
I have to follow a specification for producing xhtml files.
The original files are in cp1252 encoding and I must reencode them to
utf-8.
Also, I have to replace certain characters with html entities.
-
import codecs, StringIO
from lxml import etree
high_chars = {
0x2014:'mdash;', # 'EM DASH',
0x2013:'ndash;', # 'EN DASH',
0x0160:'Scaron;',# 'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON',
0x201d:'rdquo;', # 'RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x201c:'ldquo;', # 'LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2019:rsquo;, # 'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2018:lsquo;, # 'LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK',
0x2122:'trade;', # 'TRADE MARK SIGN',
0x00A9:'copy;', # 'COPYRIGHT SYMBOL',
}
def translate(string):
s = ''
for c in string:
if ord(c) in high_chars:
c = high_chars.get(ord(c))
s += c
return s
I hope you are aware that this is about the slowest possible algorithm
(well, the slowest one that doesn't do anything unnecessary). Since none of
this is required when parsing or generating XHTML, I assume your spec tells
you that you should do these replacements?
I wasn't aware of it, but I am now--code's embarassing now.
The spec I must follow forces me to do the translation.
I am actually working with html not xhtml; which makes a huge difference,
We all learn.
Ulrich's line of code for translate is elegant.
for c in string:
s += high_chars.get(c,c)
Still not efficient because it builds the string one character at a time
and needs to reallocate (and potentially copy) the string buffer quite
frequently in order to do that. You are lucky with CPython, because it has
an internal optimisation that mitigates this overhead on some platforms.
Other Python implementations don't have that, and even the optimisation in
CPython is platform specific (works well on Linux, for example).
Peter Otten presented the a better way of doing it.
From the all the info I've received on this thread, plus some additional
reading, I think I need the following code.
Use the HTMLParser because the source files are actually HTML, and use
output from etree.tostring() as input to translate() as the very last step.
def reencode(filename, in_encoding='cp1252', out_encoding='utf-8'):
parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding=in_encoding)
tree = etree.parse(filename, parser)
result = etree.tostring(tree.getroot(), method='html',
pretty_print=True,
encoding=out_encoding)
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(translate(result))
not simply tree.write(f...) because I have to do the translation at the
end, so I get the entities instead of the resolved entities from lxml.
Yes, that's better.
Still one thing (since you didn't show us your final translate() function):
you do the character escaping on a UTF-8 encoded string and made the
encoding configurable. That means that the characters you are looking for
must also be encoded with the same encoding in order to find matches.
However, if you ever choose a different target encoding that doesn't have
the nice properties of UTF-8's byte sequences, you may end up with
ambiguous byte sequences in the output that your translate() function
accidentally matches on, thus potentially corrupting your data.
Assuming that you are using Python 2, you may even be accidentally doing
the replacement using Unicode character strings, which then only happens to
work on systems that use UTF-8 as their default encoding. Python 3 has
fixed this trap, but you have to take care to avoid it in Python 2.
I'd prefer serialising the documents into a unicode string
(encoding='unicode'), then post-processing that and finally encoding it to
the target encoding when writing it out. But you'll have to see how that
works out together with your escaping step, and also how it impacts the
HTML meta tag that states the document encoding.
Stefan
--
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Re: How can I verify if the content of a variable is a list or a string?
You can do it more concise. def isListOrString(p): ...return any((isinstance(p,list),isinstance(p,str))) ... listOrString(string) True listOrString([1,2,3]) True listOrString(2) False listOrString(False) False Rainer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterate from 2nd element of a huge list
Em 01-02-2012 04:55, Cameron Simpson escreveu: On 01Feb2012 03:34, Paulo da Silva p_s_d_a_s_i_l_...@netcabo.pt wrote: | BTW, iter seems faster than iterating thru mylist[1:]! I would hope the difference can be attributed to the cost of copying mylist[1:]. I don't think so. I tried several times and the differences were almost always consistent. I put mylist1=mylist[1:] outside the time control. iter still seems a little bit faster. Running both programs several times (1000 elements list) I only got iter being slower once! But, of course, most of the difference comes from the copy. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python reliability with EINTR handling in general modules
On Feb 1, 6:07 pm, Dennis Lee Bieber wlfr...@ix.netcom.com wrote:
On Wed, 1 Feb 2012 06:15:22 -0800 (PST), oleg korenevich
void.of.t...@gmail.com wrote:
I have linux board on samsung SoC s3c6410 (ARM11). I build rootfs with
buildroot: Python 2.7.1, uClibc-0.9.31. Linux kernel: Linux buildroot
2.6.28.6 #177 Mon Oct 3 12:50:57 EEST 2011 armv6l GNU/Linux
My app, written on python, in some mysterios conditons raise this
exceptions:
1) exception:
File ./dfbUtils.py, line 3209, in setItemData
ValueError: (4, 'Interrupted system call')
code:
currentPage=int(math.floor(float(rowId)/
self.pageSize))==self.selectedPage
2) exception:
File ./terminalGlobals.py, line 943, in getFirmawareName
OSError: [Errno 4] Interrupted system call: 'firmware'
code:
for fileName in os.listdir('firmware'):
Some info about app: it have 3-7 threads, listen serial ports via
'serial' module, use gui implemented via c extension that wrap
directfb, i can't reproduce this exceptions, they are not predictable.
I googled for EINTR exceptions in python, but only found that EINTR
can occur only on slow system calls and python's modules socket,
subprocess and another one is already process EINTR. So what happens
in my app? Why simple call of math function can interrupt program at
any time, it's not reliable at all. I have only suggestions: ulibc
bug, kernel/hw handling bug. But this suggestions don't show me
solution.
I see nothing in your traceback that indicates that the interrupt
occurred in the math library call -- unless you deleted that line. In
the first one, I'd be more likely to suspect your C extension/wrapper...
(are the fields .pageSize and .selectedPage coming from an object
implemented in C?)
As for the math stuff... I presume both rowID and .pageSize are
constrained to be 0 or positive integers. If that is the case, invoking
math.floor() is just redundant overhead as the documented behavior of
int() is to truncate towards 0, which for a positive value, is the same
as floor()
neg = -3.141592654
pos = 3.141592654
int(neg)
-3
math.floor(neg)
-4.0
int(pos)
3
math.floor(pos)
3.0
In the second case... Well, os.listdir() is most likely translated
into some operating system call.
http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Interrupted-Primiti...
And, while that call is waiting for I/O to complete, some sort of signal
is being received.
--
Wulfraed Dennis Lee Bieber AF6VN
wlfr...@ix.netcom.com HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
Thanks for help. In first case all vars is python integers, maybe
math.floor is redundant, but i'm afraid that same error with math
module call will occur in other places of app, where math is needed.
Strange thing here is that math library call is not a system call, and
strange exception ValueError (all values have right values) and why in
braces i have (4, Interruted system call).
For second case: if python really does some slow system call from
module os, why it doesn't handle EINTR and not restart call. Is
SA_RESTART flag in signal can be solution? But how i can set this
flag? By placing flag for signal handler in c extension (or ctypes
manipulation)?
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How can I verify if the content of a variable is a list or a string?
On Wed, 01 Feb 2012 23:19:57 -0800, Rainer Grimm wrote: You can do it more concise. def isListOrString(p): ...return any((isinstance(p,list),isinstance(p,str))) Or even more concisely still: isinstance(p, (list, str)) -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterate from 2nd element of a huge list
On Thu, 02 Feb 2012 07:23:04 +, Paulo da Silva wrote: Em 01-02-2012 04:55, Cameron Simpson escreveu: On 01Feb2012 03:34, Paulo da Silva p_s_d_a_s_i_l_...@netcabo.pt wrote: | BTW, iter seems faster than iterating thru mylist[1:]! I would hope the difference can be attributed to the cost of copying mylist[1:]. I don't think so. I tried several times and the differences were almost always consistent. Yes, actually iterating over a list-iterator appears to be trivially faster (although this may not apply to arbitrary iterators): steve@runes:~$ python -m timeit -s L=range(1) for x in L: pass 1000 loops, best of 3: 280 usec per loop steve@runes:~$ python -m timeit -s L=range(1) for x in iter(L): pass 1000 loops, best of 3: 274 usec per loop The difference of 6 microseconds would be lost in the noise if the loops actually did something useful. Also keep in mind that for tiny lists, the overhead of creating the iterator is probably much greater than the time of iterating over the list: steve@runes:~$ python -m timeit -s L=range(3) for x in L: pass 100 loops, best of 3: 0.238 usec per loop steve@runes:~$ python -m timeit -s L=range(3) for x in iter(L): pass 100 loops, best of 3: 0.393 usec per loop But of course the difference is only relatively significant, in absolute terms nobody is going to notice an extra 0.1 or 0.2 microseconds. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[issue13734] Add a generic directory walker method to avoid symlink attacks
Charles-François Natali neolo...@free.fr added the comment: I think the O(depth) version is fine. The O(1) version is quite more complicated, difficult to follow, and it seems less robust (it doesn't use try/finally and therefore might leak fds if the generator isn't exhausted before being destroyed). I agree. On modern systems you have at least 1024 fds, so the restriction shouldn't be a problem. Actually, I think you're much more likely to run above the max recursion limit than RLIMIT_NOFILE (OTOH, you don't know how many FDs are already open at the time of the call). -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13734 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13734] Add a generic directory walker method to avoid symlink attacks
Nick Coghlan ncogh...@gmail.com added the comment: I'm also a fan of using the simpler approach unless/until we have solid evidence that the file descriptor limit could be a problem in practice. A comment in the code mentioning the concern, along with the fact that there's an alternate algorithm attached to this tracker issue that avoids it would probably be appropriate though. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13734 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13719] bdist_msi upload fails
Ralf Schmitt python-b...@systemexit.de added the comment: It's a bug in bdist_msi not in the upload command. You can check that distribution.dist_files point to valid files after running the command. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13719 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13917] Python 2.7.2 and 3.2.2 execl crash
New submission from Carlo Di Dato shin...@autistici.org: These lines make Python 2.7.2 and 3.2.2 crash import os os.execl(cmd.exe, ) Regards -- components: Windows messages: 152428 nosy: shinnai priority: normal severity: normal status: open title: Python 2.7.2 and 3.2.2 execl crash type: crash versions: Python 2.7, Python 3.1 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13917 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13917] Python 2.7.2 and 3.2.2 execl crash
Changes by Carlo Di Dato shin...@autistici.org: -- versions: +Python 3.2 -Python 3.1 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13917 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13917] Python 2.7.2 and 3.2.2 execl crash
Tim Golden m...@timgolden.me.uk added the comment: This is a duplicate of http://bugs.python.org/issue8036 (which I still haven't got around to applying...) -- nosy: +tim.golden ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13917 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13917] Python 2.7.2 and 3.2.2 execl crash
Changes by Antoine Pitrou pit...@free.fr: -- resolution: - duplicate status: open - closed superseder: - Interpreter crashes on invalid arg to spawnl on Windows ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13917 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7856] cannot decode from or encode to big5 \xf9\xd8
Changes by Antoine Pitrou pit...@free.fr: -- nosy: +haypo versions: +Python 2.7, Python 3.2, Python 3.3 -Python 2.6 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7856 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13918] locale.atof documentation is missing func argument
New submission from Cédric Krier cedric.kr...@b2ck.com: atof has a func argument used to instantiate the result but it is missing in the documentation. -- assignee: docs@python components: Documentation messages: 152430 nosy: ced, docs@python priority: normal severity: normal status: open title: locale.atof documentation is missing func argument type: enhancement ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13918 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13868] Add hyphen doc fix
Boštjan Mejak bostjan.me...@gmail.com added the comment: Seriously, how old are you two clowns? -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13868 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13868] Add hyphen doc fix
Sandro Tosi sandro.t...@gmail.com added the comment: On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 15:42, Boštjan Mejak rep...@bugs.python.org wrote: Seriously, how old are you two clowns? I think it's enough: FTR I'm +1 on removing Retro tracker account, effective immediately (if any admin is around). -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13868 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue12328] multiprocessing's overlapped PipeConnection on Windows
sbt shibt...@gmail.com added the comment: I have done an updated patch. (It does *not* switch to using bytes oriented pipes as I suggested in the previous message.) The patch also adds a wait() function with signature wait(object_list, timeout=None) for polling multiple objects at once. On Unix it is just a wrapper for select.select(object_list, [], [], timeout) except that it retries when it gets EINTR. wait() works with connected sockets too, although on Windows it does not work for listening sockets. The patch removes SentinelReady and changes concurrent.futures to use wait() instead. Polling is now done by issuing zero length overlapped reads. This means that the pipe is not modified except possibly if a zero length message is removed. I changed ReadFile(), WriteFile() and GetOverlappedResult() to return pairs, the second entry of which is zero or an expected error code. (Unexpected errors still raise an exception.) This avoids the need to ever use GetLastError(). -- Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file24388/pipe_poll_fix.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue12328 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13868] Add hyphen doc fix
Boštjan Mejak bostjan.me...@gmail.com added the comment: Kiss my ball sac! -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13868 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue13919] kiss my ball sac
Changes by Boštjan Mejak bostjan.me...@gmail.com: -- assignee: docs@python components: Documentation nosy: Retro, docs@python priority: normal severity: normal status: open title: kiss my ball sac type: enhancement versions: Python 2.7 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue13919 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
