Re: convert string to bytes without changing data (encoding)

[Nobody]

On Wed, 29 Aug 2012 19:39:15 -0400, Piet van Oostrum wrote:

 Reading from stdin/a file gets you bytes, and not a string, because
 Python cannot automagically guess what format the input is in.

 Huh?

Oh, it can certainly guess (in the absence of any other information, it
uses the current locale). Whether or not that guess is correct is a
different matter.

Realistically, if you want sensible behaviour from Python 3.x, you need
to use an ISO-8859-1 locale. That ensures that conversion between str and
bytes will never fail, and an str-bytes-str or bytes-str-bytes round-trip
will pass data through unmangled.

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Re: Dumping all the sql statements as backup

[Robert Miles]

On 7/25/2012 8:56 AM, andrea crotti wrote:

I have some long running processes that do very long simulations which
at the end need to write things on a database.

At the moment sometimes there are network problems and we end up with
half the data on the database.

The half-data problem is probably solved easily with sessions and
sqlalchemy (a db-transaction), but still we would like to be able to
keep a backup SQL file in case something goes badly wrong and we want to
re-run it manually..

This might also be useful if we have to rollback the db for some reasons
to a previous day and we don't want to re-run the simulations..

Anyone did something similar?
It would be nice to do something like:

with CachedDatabase('backup.sql'):
 # do all your things


I'm now starting to do something similar, but in C, not Python.
Apparently not using SQL.

The simulations this is for often last a month or more.

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Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Wed, 29 Aug 2012 08:43:05 -0700, wxjmfauth wrote:

 I can hit the nail a little more.
 I have even a better idea and I'm serious.
 
 If Python has found a new way to cover the set of the Unicode
 characters, why not proposing it to the Unicode consortium?

Because the implementation of the str datatype in a programming language 
has nothing to do with the Unicode consortium. You might as well propose 
it to the International Union of Railway Engineers.


 Unicode has already three schemes covering practically all cases: memory
 consumption, maximum flexibility and an intermediate solution.

And Python's solution uses those: UCS-2, UCS-4, and UTF-8.

The only thing which is innovative here is that instead of the Python 
compiler declaring that all strings will be stored in UCS-2, the 
compiler chooses an implementation for each string as needed. So some 
strings will be stored internally as UCS-4, some as UCS-2, and some as 
ASCII (which is a standard, but not the Unicode consortium's standard).

(And possibly some as UTF-8? I'm not entirely sure from reading the PEP.)

There's nothing radical here, honest.



-- 
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Re: Can I get logging.FileHandler to close the file on each emit?

[Dieter Maurer]

rikardhul...@gmail.com writes:

 I use logging.FileHandler (on windows) and I would like to be able to delete 
 the file while the process is running and have it create the file again on 
 next log event.

 On windows (not tried linux) this is not possible because the file is locked 
 by the process, can I get it to close the file after each log event?

 If not, would the correct thing to do be to write my own LogHandler with this 
 behavior?

Zope is using Python's logging module and wants to play well
with log rotating (start a new logfile, do something with the old log file
(compress, rename, remove)).
It does this by registering a signal handler which closes its logfiles
when the corresponding signal is received.

Maybe, you can do something like this. Signal handling under
Windows is limited, but maybe you find a usable signal under Windows
(Zope is using SIGUSR1).

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Re: Are the property Function really useful?

[Dieter Maurer]

levinie...@gmail.com writes:

 Are the property Function really useful?

Someone invested time to implement/document/test it.
Thus, there are people who have use cases for it...

 Where can i use the property function?

You can use it when you have parameterless methods
which you want to access as if they were simple attributes:
i.e. obj.m instead of obj.m().
To phrase is slightly differently: the property function
allows you to implement computed (rather than stored) attributes.

You may find this feature uninteresting: fine, do not use it...

However, there are cases where it is helpful, e.g.:

  You have a base class B with an attribute a.
  Now, you want to derive a class D from B where a is
  not fixed but must be computed from other attributes.


The Eiffel programming language even stipulates that
attributes and parameterless methods are essentially the same
and application of the property function is implicit in Eiffel
for parameterless methods: to hide implementation details.

As you see, property can be highly valued ;-)

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Re: [pyxl] xlrd-0.8.0 .xlsx formatting_info=True not implemented

[Chris Withers]

On 30/08/2012 03:57, python-ex...@raf.org wrote:


hopefully the intention that xlrd not support formats in xlsx
files will change one day into an intention to support them. :-)


The intention is there, sadly the time to work on it is not.

John Machin would be the person best placed to do the work, if anyone 
fancies sponsoring the work, he might be able to direct more time to it..


cheers,

Chris

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Re: How to program test(expr) ?

[Ulrich Eckhardt]

Am 29.08.2012 17:04, schrieb Franck Ditter:

I use Python 3.2.3 + Idle.
Is it possible to program test(e) which takes
an expression e and whose execution produces
at the toplevel an echo of e and the effects
and result of its evaluation ?


Yes, the key to this is using a lambda expression.



# file foo.py
def foo(x) :
   print('x =',x)
   return x+1

test(foo(5))


def test(exp):
global print
print_saved = print
print = my_print
res = exp()
print = print_saved
return res

test(lambda: foo(5))


The idea is to run the callable expression inside a modified 
environment, in the sketch above it intercepts the calles to print() 
using a separate my_print() function. Note that the calling syntax is 
slightly different than the one you would have wanted, don't know if 
that is important.


Things I'll leave to you:
 - exception handling
 - exception forwarding
 - intercepting other environment accesses
 - putting all that into a context manager :)


Good luck!


Uli


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Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[wxjmfauth]

Le jeudi 30 août 2012 08:55:01 UTC+2, Steven D'Aprano a écrit :


You are right.

But as soon as you introduce artificially a latin-1
bottleneck, all this machinery just become useless.

This flexible representation is working absurdly.
It optimizes the characters you are not using (in one
sense), it defaults to a non optimized form for the
characters you wish to use.

Pick up a random text and see the probability this
text match the most optimized case 1 char / 1 byte,
practically never.

If a user will use exclusively latin-1, she/he is  better
served by using a dedicated tool for latin-1

If a user will comfortably work with Unicode, she/he is
better served by using one of this tools which is using
properly one of the available Unicode schemes.

In a funny way, this is what Python was doing and it
performs better!

(Enough for today, *I* should spend my spare time
to toy with Go, this discussion gave *me* the wish
to dive in it again).

jmf
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Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[Chris Angelico]

On Thu, Aug 30, 2012 at 6:51 PM,  wxjmfa...@gmail.com wrote:
 Pick up a random text and see the probability this
 text match the most optimized case 1 char / 1 byte,
 practically never.

Only if you talk about a huge document. Try, instead, every string
ever used in a Python script.

Practically always.

But I'm wasting my time saying this again. It's been said by multiple
people multiple times.

ChrisA
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Python Logging: Specifying converter attribute of a log formatter in config file

[srimanthula . radhakrishna]

I'd like to have all timestamps in my log file to be UTC timestamp. When 
specified through code, this is done as follows:

myHandler = logging.FileHandler('mylogfile.log', 'a')
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s 
%(name)-15s:%(lineno)4s: %(message)-80s')
formatter.converter = time.gmtime

myLogger = logging.getLogger('MyApp')
myLogger.addHandler(myHandler)


I'd like to move away from the above 'in-code' configuration to a config file 
based mechanism.

Here's the config file section for the formatter:

[handler_MyLogHandler]
args=(mylogfile.log, a,)
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=simpleFormatter

Now, how do I specify the converter attribute (time.gmtime) in the above 
section?
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class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[陈伟]

when i write code like this:

class A(object):
 
d = 'it is a doc.'


t = A()

print t.__class__.d
print t.d

the output is same.

so it means class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute. is it 
right? i can not understand it.
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Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[Roy Smith]

In article 503f0e45$0$9416$c3e8da3$76491...@news.astraweb.com,
 Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:

 The only thing which is innovative here is that instead of the Python 
 compiler declaring that all strings will be stored in UCS-2, the 
 compiler chooses an implementation for each string as needed. So some 
 strings will be stored internally as UCS-4, some as UCS-2, and some as 
 ASCII (which is a standard, but not the Unicode consortium's standard).

Is the implementation smart enough to know that x == y is always False 
if x and y are using different internal representations?
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Re: Are the property Function really useful? yes.

[Dave Angel]

On 08/29/2012 07:46 AM, Dave Angel wrote:
 On 08/29/2012 06:32 AM, levinie...@gmail.com wrote:



I was trying to point out that your question was empty (no content in
the message).  Mark also apparently saw an empty message. However, now
that Dieter has responded, with apparent quotes from your message, i see
what the problem was.

You composed an html message and sent it to a text forum.  Many people
make that mistake, and the problem it usually causes is that source code
indentation is messed up.  However, most mail programs send a text part
as well, and that's what we see.   In your case, the text part was
empty, so I saw nothing but the subject line.

Please tell your mail program to compose TEXT message, not html, or this
problem could occur again.


Now to your question.

  divnbsp;/div
  divWhere can i use the property function?/div/div/body/html

In some languages, you get computed properties by writing getter and
setter functions, with names to match.  Python lets you hide the fact
that the property is hidden, by letting you use ordinary syntax to
access it.  For example, suppose you had a Point class, which stored the
x and y coordinates of a point on a plane.  Suppose also that sometimes
you wanted to use polar coordinates.  You might like the user of the
class to just interchangeably use the real attributes and the computed
ones, without having to use parentheses on some of them.  (untested)

class Point(object):
 def __init__(self, x, y):
   self.x = x
   self.y = y
 @property
 def  radius(self):
 return   self.sqrt(self.x * self.x, self.y * self.y)
 @property
 def  theta(self):
  return math.atan(self.x, self.y)

Now, once you have a Point instance, you can use all four attributes pretty 
much interchangeably.

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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Dave Angel]

On 08/30/2012 06:55 AM, 陈伟 wrote:
 when i write code like this:

 class A(object):
  
 d = 'it is a doc.'
 

 t = A()

 print t.__class__.d
 print t.d

 the output is same.

 so it means class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute. is it 
 right? i can not understand it.

In your example, you have no instance attribute.  So when you use the
syntax to fetch one, the interpreter looks first at the instance,
doesn't find it, then looks in the class, and does.  That is documented
behavior.  Some people use it to provide a kind of default value for
instances, which can be useful if most instances need the same value,
but a few want to overrride it.

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Beginners question

[boltar2003]

Hello

I'm slowly teaching myself python so apologies if this is a dumb question.
but something has confused me with the os.stat() function:

 s = os.stat(.)
 print s
posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2, st_u
id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745, st_mtime=1346327754, st
_ctime=1346327754)

What sort of object is posix.stat_result? Its not a dictionary or list or a 
class object as far as I can tell. Thanks for any help.

B2003

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Re: Beginners question

[MRAB]

On 30/08/2012 12:54, boltar2003@boltar.world wrote:

Hello

I'm slowly teaching myself python so apologies if this is a dumb question.
but something has confused me with the os.stat() function:


s = os.stat(.)
print s

posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2, st_u
id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745, st_mtime=1346327754, st
_ctime=1346327754)

What sort of object is posix.stat_result? Its not a dictionary or list or a
class object as far as I can tell. Thanks for any help.


What don't you ask Python? I'm sure you'' get something like this:

 type(s)
class 'posix.stat_result'

In other words, it's an instance of the class stat_result as defined
in the file posix.py.

On my system I get class 'nt.stat_result' because I'm using Windows.
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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Ulrich Eckhardt]

Am 30.08.2012 12:55, schrieb 陈伟:

class A(object):
 d = 'it is a doc.'

t = A()

print t.__class__.d
print t.d

the output is same.


You could go even further:

print id(t.__class__.d)
print id(t.d)

which should show you that they are not just equal but identical.



so it means class object's attribute is also the instance's
attribute.is it right?


Yes. This is even useful sometimes:

class Point(object):
x = 0
y = 0

This will cause every Point to have two attributes x and y that have a 
default value 0.



Note that setting this attribute on an instance does not change the 
class' attribute, just in that that was what confused you. However, if 
the attribute references a mutable type (e.g. a list) this can cause 
problems because the instance (see id() above) is the same and thus 
modifications affect both the class and all instances.



Uli

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Re: Beginners question

[Roy Smith]

In article mailman.3964.1346328894.4697.python-l...@python.org,
 MRAB pyt...@mrabarnett.plus.com wrote:

 What don't you ask Python? I'm sure you'' get something like this:
 
   type(s)
 class 'posix.stat_result'

BTW, this points out one of the really powerful aspects of Python.  The 
combination of introspection and a handy interactive interpreter makes 
it easy to just ask the computer.

It's often faster to play around with dir(), type(), and pprint() than 
to find what you're looking for in the docs.
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Re: Beginners question

[Marco Nawijn]

On Thursday, August 30, 2012 1:54:08 PM UTC+2, (unknown) wrote:
 Hello
 
 
 
 I'm slowly teaching myself python so apologies if this is a dumb question.
 
 but something has confused me with the os.stat() function:
 
 
 
  s = os.stat(.)
 
  print s
 
 posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2, 
 st_u
 
 id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745, st_mtime=1346327754, 
 st
 
 _ctime=1346327754)
 
 
 
 What sort of object is posix.stat_result? Its not a dictionary or list or a 
 
 class object as far as I can tell. Thanks for any help.
 
 
 
 B2003

Hi,

So let's try to figure this out. First of all, we can ask Python what object it 
is.

 s = os.stat('.')
 type(s)
posix.stat_result

So it seems to be a custom type. However types can inherit from builtins like
list, tuple and dict, so maybe it still is a dict or a tuple. Let's ask Python 
again:

 isinstance(s, dict)
False
 isinstance(s, (tuple, list))
False

Ok. So it is neither a list (tuple) nor a dict. So without reverting to the 
source code, it is probably save to say that the result is a custom class where 
the attributes can be accessed by the dot '.' notation. This is confirmed when 
you do:

 dir(s)
..
 '__setattr__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__subclasshook__',
 'n_fields',
 'n_sequence_fields',
 'n_unnamed_fields',
 'st_atime',
 'st_blksize',
 'st_blocks',
 'st_ctime',
 'st_dev',
 'st_gid',
 'st_ino',
 'st_mode',
 'st_mtime',
 'st_nlink',
 'st_rdev',
 'st_size',
 'st_uid']

For example:

 print s.st_size
4096

In case of Linux I think that the result of os.stat(..) is a wrapping of a C 
struct (a class with only attributes and no methods).

A small additional remark. Besides being a real dict or list (by means of 
inheritance), custom class can also implement the interface (__getitem__ etc.). 
If you want to know if an object implements this interface you could use the 
types defined in the 'abc' and 'collections' standard modules. So instead of 
checking if a type is a dict like this:

 isinstance(s, dict)

you could also check if it implements the dict interface:

 isinstance(s, collections.MutableMapping) # or similar

Regards,

Marco
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Re: Beginners question

[Dave Angel]

On 08/30/2012 07:54 AM, boltar2003@boltar.world wrote:
 Hello

 I'm slowly teaching myself python so apologies if this is a dumb question.
 but something has confused me with the os.stat() function:

 s = os.stat(.)
 print s
 posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2, 
 st_u
 id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745, st_mtime=1346327754, 
 st
 _ctime=1346327754)

 What sort of object is posix.stat_result? Its not a dictionary or list or a 
 class object as far as I can tell. Thanks for any help.


posix.stat_result is a  class, and s is an instance of that class.  You
can see that by typing  type(s).

But you're wondering how print generated all that stuff about the s
instance.  You can start to learn that with dir(s), which shows the
available attributes.  All those attributes that have leading and
trailing double-underscores are called special attributes, or special
methods.  In particular notice __str__(), which is  a method provided
for your convenience.  print will call that if it's available, when you
try to print an instance.It also masquerades as a tuple using
__getitem__() and other special methods.

Normal use of the instance is done by the attributes like   s.st_atime 
and s.st_size, or by using the object as a tuple.  (using the square
brackets to fetch individual items or a range of items)

You can get more documentation directly from s by simply typing  
help(s)  and/or  help(os.stat)

Or you can go to the web docs, http://docs.python.org/library/os.html  
and search downward for os.stat  (this link is currently for Python 2.7.3)

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Re: Beginners question

[Chris Angelico]

On Thu, Aug 30, 2012 at 9:54 PM,  boltar2003@boltar.world wrote:
 What sort of object is posix.stat_result? Its not a dictionary or list or a
 class object as far as I can tell. Thanks for any help.

There's some cool things you can do here. (Note that I'm testing this
on a Windows box, so it's marginally different.)

 import os
 st=os.stat(.)
 st
nt.stat_result(st_mode=16895, st_ino=36873221949168842, st_dev=0,
st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=0, st_atime=1346329853,
st_mtime=1311543704, st_ctime=1306188101)
 help(st)

You'll get a couple of pages of help text about the object class that
the stat object is. You can do this with any object at all. Notably in
this case:

 |  This object may be accessed either as a tuple of
 |(mode, ino, dev, nlink, uid, gid, size, atime, mtime, ctime)
 |  or via the attributes st_mode, st_ino, st_dev, st_nlink, st_uid, and so on.

So, for instance:
 st[0]
16895
 st.st_mode
16895

Hope that helps!

ChrisA
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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Marco Nawijn]

On Thursday, August 30, 2012 12:55:25 PM UTC+2, 陈伟 wrote:
 when i write code like this:
 
 
 
 class A(object):
 
  
 
 d = 'it is a doc.'
 
 
 
 
 
 t = A()
 
 
 
 print t.__class__.d
 
 print t.d
 
 
 
 the output is same.
 
 
 
 so it means class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute. is it 
 right? i can not understand it.

I think the best way is to think of it as a global attribute restricted to the 
class A. Note that you even don't need an instance to get the value of the 
attribute. You can directly get it from the class itself.

 class A(object): d = 'my attribute'
 A.d
'my attribute'
 aobj = A()
 aobj.d
'my attribute'

Note that if you change 'd' it will change for all instances!
 bobj = A()
 bobj.d
'my attribute'

 A.d = 'oops...attribute changed'
 aobj.d
'oops...attribute changed'

 bobj.d
'oops...attribute changed'

If you want attributes to be local to the instance, you have to define them in 
the __init__ section of the class like this:

class A(object):

   def __init__(self):
d = 'my attribute'

 aobj = A()
 bobj = A()

 aobj.d
'my attribute'

 bobj.d
'my attribute'

 aobj.d = 'oops...attribute changed'

 aobj.d
'oops...attribute changed'

 bobj.d
'my attribute'

Regards,

Marco
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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Oscar Benjamin]

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 05:34:51 -0700 (PDT), Marco Nawijn 
naw...@gmail.com wrote:
If you want attributes to be local to the instance, you have to 

define them in the __init__ section of the class like this:


class A(object):
   def __init__(self):
d = 'my attribute'


Except that in this case you'd need to do:
self.d = 'my attribute'

Oscar

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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[陈伟]

在 2012年8月30日星期四UTC+8下午7时54分35秒，Dave Angel写道：
 On 08/30/2012 06:55 AM, 陈伟 wrote:
 
  when i write code like this:
 
 
 
  class A(object):
 
   
 
  d = 'it is a doc.'
 
  
 
 
 
  t = A()
 
 
 
  print t.__class__.d
 
  print t.d
 
 
 
  the output is same.
 
 
 
  so it means class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute. is 
  it right? i can not understand it.
 
 
 
 In your example, you have no instance attribute.  So when you use the
 
 syntax to fetch one, the interpreter looks first at the instance,
 
 doesn't find it, then looks in the class, and does.  That is documented
 
 behavior.  Some people use it to provide a kind of default value for
 
 instances, which can be useful if most instances need the same value,
 
 but a few want to overrride it.
 
 
 
 -- 
 
 
 
 DaveA
thank you very much.

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Re: Beginners question

[boltar2003]

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 13:14:57 +0100
MRAB pyt...@mrabarnett.plus.com wrote:
On 30/08/2012 12:54, boltar2003@boltar.world wrote:
 Hello

 I'm slowly teaching myself python so apologies if this is a dumb question.
 but something has confused me with the os.stat() function:

 s = os.stat(.)
 print s
 posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2,
st_u
 id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745,
st_mtime=1346327754, st
 _ctime=1346327754)

 What sort of object is posix.stat_result? Its not a dictionary or list or a
 class object as far as I can tell. Thanks for any help.

What don't you ask Python? I'm sure you'' get something like this:

  type(s)
class 'posix.stat_result'

Umm , no I don't.

 s = os.stat(.)
 print s
posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2, st_u
id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745, st_mtime=1346327754, st
_ctime=1346327754)
 type(s) 
type 'posix.stat_result'

Which isn't terrible helpful.

In other words, it's an instance of the class stat_result as defined
in the file posix.py.

If its a class , why is it when I create my own class I get a completely
different output with print and type?

 
 class foo(object):
.. def __init__(self):
.. pass
.. 
 f=foo()
 print f
__main__.foo object at 0xb743956c
 type(f)
class '__main__.foo'

B2003

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Re: Sending USB commands with Python

[Adam W.]

On Thursday, August 30, 2012 12:55:14 AM UTC-4, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

   How many bytes did it claim to send?
 
11, which is what I expected.  But I changed the byte value to 16 (because I 
was having trouble getting single digit hex values working in the command) and 
sent this command:
 for x in range(0,500):

ep.write(b'\x16\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF')

it respond with 500 17's and prints a black bar!  So it looks like whatever 
concern you had with using encode was coming to fruition.

 
   That's the easy one -- \x in a string introduces an 8-bit byte value
 
 -- so only two hex digits well be read. The A is interpreted as
 
 regular text.

Interesting, so what if I only wanted to send 4bits as a hex value?  Also can I 
somehow throw in some binary alongside of hex?  At some point in my program I'm 
going to need to send some commands preferably in hex along with the binary 
image data.
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Re: Beginners question

[boltar2003]

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 08:25:33 -0400
Dave Angel d...@davea.name wrote:
You can get more documentation directly from s by simply typing  
help(s)  and/or  help(os.stat)

I didn't know about help(). Thanks!

B2003


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Re: Beginners question

[Chris Angelico]

On Thu, Aug 30, 2012 at 10:50 PM,  boltar2003@boltar.world wrote:
 On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 13:14:57 +0100
 MRAB pyt...@mrabarnett.plus.com wrote:
What don't you ask Python? I'm sure you'' get something like this:

  type(s)
class 'posix.stat_result'

 Umm , no I don't.

 type(s)
 type 'posix.stat_result'

 Which isn't terrible helpful.

That's actually the same thing, except for a slight difference between
Python 2 and Python 3.

 If its a class , why is it when I create my own class I get a completely
 different output with print and type?


 class foo(object):
 .. def __init__(self):
 .. pass
 ..
 f=foo()
 print f
 __main__.foo object at 0xb743956c
 type(f)
 class '__main__.foo'

Yep, you're using Python 2. A few things are subtly different. Unless
you have good reason not to, do consider moving to Python 3; all sorts
of things are easier. Python 2 is basically not being developed any
more.

http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0404/

Alternatively, accept that what people are going to quote to you here
may be slightly different from what you see.

In any case, Python's introspection facilities and help() features are
available on both branches, so most of what has been said in this
thread still applies.

ChrisA
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Re: Beginners question

[Ulrich Eckhardt]

Am 30.08.2012 13:54, schrieb boltar2003@boltar.world:

s = os.stat(.)
print s

posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2, st_u
id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745, st_mtime=1346327754, st
_ctime=1346327754)

What sort of object is posix.stat_result?


Use the type() function to find out. I guess that this is a named tuple, 
which is a tuple where the attributes are not indexed but have a name, 
see the documentation for the namedtuple() function from the collections 
library.


Uli


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Re: Beginners question

[Dave Angel]

On 08/30/2012 08:50 AM, boltar2003@boltar.world wrote:
 On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 13:14:57 +0100
 MRAB pyt...@mrabarnett.plus.com wrote:
 snip
 If its a class , why is it when I create my own class I get a completely
 different output with print and type?

 class foo(object):
 .. def __init__(self):
 .. pass
 .. 
 f=foo()
 print f
 __main__.foo object at 0xb743956c

You get that because you didn't provide a __str__() method in your
class.  As i said in my other message,   posix.stat_result  is providing
that capability for your debugging convenience.  There's no requirement
to provide it, but that's why the difference.

 type(f)
 class '__main__.foo'




I haven't discovered why sometimes the type output shows type instead of
class.  There are other ways of defining classes, however, and perhaps
this is using one of them.  Still, it is a class, and stat() is
returning an instance of that class.

-- 

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Re: Beginners question

[boltar2003]

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 23:06:34 +1000
Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote:
Yep, you're using Python 2. A few things are subtly different. Unless
you have good reason not to, do consider moving to Python 3; all sorts

Noted. Thanks.

B2003


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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Hans Mulder]

On 30/08/12 14:34:51, Marco Nawijn wrote:

 Note that if you change 'd' it will change for all instances!

That depends on how you change it.

 bobj = A()
 bobj.d
 'my attribute'
 
 A.d = 'oops...attribute changed'

Here you change the attribute on the class.
That will affect all instances:

 aobj.d
 'oops...attribute changed'
 
 bobj.d
 'oops...attribute changed'

You can also set the attribute on an instance:

 bobj.d = 'For bobj only'
 bobj.d
'For bobj only'
 aobj.d
 'oops...attribute changed'

So, if you specifically change it on one instance, thenit won't
change on other instances of the same class.

 If you want attributes to be local to the instance, you have
 to define them in the __init__ section of the class like this:

That's a good idea, but it's not required.  You can set them
later, as shown above.


 class A(object):
 
def __init__(self):
 d = 'my attribute'

That will just set the global variable d.
You want to set the instance attribute:

self.d = 'my attribute'

 aobj = A()
 bobj = A()
 
 aobj.d
 'my attribute'

Note that aobj.d will not find the global variable d,
if neither the instance, nor the class nor any of the
base classes have that attribute.

I don't know where this 'my attribute' comes from, but
it's not the instance attribute you tried to set in the
__init__ method.  Maybe your class A still has a class
attribute with that value from an earlier experiment.


Hope this helps,

-- HansM

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Re: Beginners question

[Marco Nawijn]

On Thursday, August 30, 2012 3:15:03 PM UTC+2, Ulrich Eckhardt wrote:
 Am 30.08.2012 13:54, schrieb boltar2003@boltar.world:
 
  s = os.stat(.)
 
  print s
 
  posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L, st_nlink=2, 
  st_u
 
  id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745, 
  st_mtime=1346327754, st
 
  _ctime=1346327754)
 
 
 
  What sort of object is posix.stat_result?
 
 
 
 Use the type() function to find out. I guess that this is a named tuple, 
 
 which is a tuple where the attributes are not indexed but have a name, 
 
 see the documentation for the namedtuple() function from the collections 
 
 library.
 
 
 
 Uli

It is not a namedtuple. Because a namedtuple is a tuple and therefore 
isinstance(s, tuple) would have returned True.

 from collections import namedtuple
 Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
 p = Point(10,2)
 isinstance(p, tuple)
True
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Re: Beginners question

[Oscar Benjamin]

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 09:23:03 -0400, Dave Angel d...@davea.name wrote:
I haven't discovered why sometimes the type output shows type 

instead of
class.  There are other ways of defining classes, however, and 

perhaps

this is using one of them.  Still, it is a class, and stat() is
returning an instance of that class.


Builtin types show as type and classes defined in python show as 
class (even if they inherit from builtin types).


Oscar

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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Marco Nawijn]

On Thursday, August 30, 2012 3:25:52 PM UTC+2, Hans Mulder wrote:
 On 30/08/12 14:34:51, Marco Nawijn wrote:
 
 
 
  Note that if you change 'd' it will change for all instances!
 
 
 
 That depends on how you change it.
 
 
 
  bobj = A()
 
  bobj.d
 
  'my attribute'
 
  
 
  A.d = 'oops...attribute changed'
 
 
 
 Here you change the attribute on the class.
 
 That will affect all instances:
 
 
 
  aobj.d
 
  'oops...attribute changed'
 
  
 
  bobj.d
 
  'oops...attribute changed'
 
 
 
 You can also set the attribute on an instance:
 
 
 
  bobj.d = 'For bobj only'
 
  bobj.d
 
 'For bobj only'
 
  aobj.d
 
  'oops...attribute changed'
 
 
 
 So, if you specifically change it on one instance, thenit won't
 
 change on other instances of the same class.
 
 
 
  If you want attributes to be local to the instance, you have
 
  to define them in the __init__ section of the class like this:
 
 
 
 That's a good idea, but it's not required.  You can set them
 
 later, as shown above.
 
 
 
 
 
  class A(object):
 
  
 
 def __init__(self):
 
  d = 'my attribute'
 
 
 
 That will just set the global variable d.
 
 You want to set the instance attribute:
 
 
 
 self.d = 'my attribute'
 
 
 
  aobj = A()
 
  bobj = A()
 
  
 
  aobj.d
 
  'my attribute'
 
 
 
 Note that aobj.d will not find the global variable d,
 
 if neither the instance, nor the class nor any of the
 
 base classes have that attribute.
 
 
 
 I don't know where this 'my attribute' comes from, but
 
 it's not the instance attribute you tried to set in the
 
 __init__ method.  Maybe your class A still has a class
 
 attribute with that value from an earlier experiment.
 
 
 
 
 
 Hope this helps,
 
 
 
 -- HansM

Learned my lesson today. Don't assume you know something. Test it first ;). I 
have done quite some programming in Python, but did not know that class 
attributes are still local to the instances. It is also a little surprising I 
must say. I always considered them like static variables in C++ (not that I am 
an expert in C++). 

I knew of course that you don't have to define a local attribute in the 
__init__ method of a class, but I consider it good style and since the OP is a 
self claimed newbie I left out the other option. 

The missing self in the code below was a typo
class A(object): 
 
def __init__(self): 
d = 'my attribute'   # should be self.d 

Regards,

Marco
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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Dave Angel]

On 08/30/2012 10:11 AM, Marco Nawijn wrote:
 On Thursday, August 30, 2012 3:25:52 PM UTC+2, Hans Mulder wrote:
 snip

 Learned my lesson today. Don't assume you know something. Test it first ;). I 
 have done quite some programming in Python, but did not know that class 
 attributes are still local to the instances. 

They're not.  They're just visible to the instances, except where the
instance has an instance attribute of the same name.  Don't be confused
by dir(), which shows both instance and class attributes.

Please show me an example where you think you observe each instance
getting a copy of the class attribute.  There's probably some other
explanation.




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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Marco Nawijn]

On Thursday, August 30, 2012 4:30:59 PM UTC+2, Dave Angel wrote:
 On 08/30/2012 10:11 AM, Marco Nawijn wrote:
 
  On Thursday, August 30, 2012 3:25:52 PM UTC+2, Hans Mulder wrote:
 
  snip
 
 
 
  Learned my lesson today. Don't assume you know something. Test it first ;). 
  I have done quite some programming in Python, but did not know that class 
  attributes are still local to the instances. 
 
 
 
 They're not.  They're just visible to the instances, except where the
 
 instance has an instance attribute of the same name.  Don't be confused
 
 by dir(), which shows both instance and class attributes.
 
 
 
 Please show me an example where you think you observe each instance
 
 getting a copy of the class attribute.  There's probably some other
 
 explanation.

I don't have an example. It was just what I thought would happen. Consider the 
following. In a class declaration like this:

class A(object):
attr_1 = 10

def __init__(self):
   self.attr_2 = 20

If I instantiated it twice:

obj_1 = A()
obj_2 = A()

For both obj_1 and obj_2 attr_1 equals 10. What I thought would happen after 
the following statement:

obj_1.attr_1 = 12

is that obj_2.attr_1 also equals 12. This is what surprised me a little, that's 
all. 

Marco
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Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[Antoine Pitrou]

wxjmfauth at gmail.com writes:
 
 Pick up a random text and see the probability this
 text match the most optimized case 1 char / 1 byte,
 practically never.

Funny that you posted a text which does just that:
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2012-August/629554.html

 In a funny way, this is what Python was doing and it
 performs better!

I honestly suggest you shut up until you have a clue.

Regards

Antoine.


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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Dave Angel]

On 08/30/2012 10:48 AM, Marco Nawijn wrote:
 On Thursday, August 30, 2012 4:30:59 PM UTC+2, Dave Angel wrote:
 On 08/30/2012 10:11 AM, Marco Nawijn wrote:

 On Thursday, August 30, 2012 3:25:52 PM UTC+2, Hans Mulder wrote:

 snip



 Learned my lesson today. Don't assume you know something. Test it first ;). 
 I have done quite some programming in Python, but did not know that class 
 attributes are still local to the instances. 



 They're not.  They're just visible to the instances, except where the

 instance has an instance attribute of the same name.  Don't be confused

 by dir(), which shows both instance and class attributes.



 Please show me an example where you think you observe each instance

 getting a copy of the class attribute.  There's probably some other

 explanation.
 
 I don't have an example. It was just what I thought would happen. Consider 
 the following. In a class declaration like this:
 
 class A(object):
 attr_1 = 10
 
 def __init__(self):
self.attr_2 = 20
 
 If I instantiated it twice:
 
 obj_1 = A()
 obj_2 = A()
 
 For both obj_1 and obj_2 attr_1 equals 10. What I thought would happen after 
 the following statement:
 
 obj_1.attr_1 = 12
 
 is that obj_2.attr_1 also equals 12. This is what surprised me a little, 
 that's all. 
 
 Marco
 

That statement only adds an instance attribute, not modifying the class
attribute of the same name.  But it does hide it from that particular
instance.

The thing that can be surprising is that if the class attribute is
mutable, and you mutate it, rather than assigning it.  So for example:

class A(object):
 attr_1 = [10, 9]

 def __init__(self):
self.attr_2 = 20


 obj_1 = A()
 obj_2 = A()

obj_1.attr_1.append(3)

Then I believe you'll see [10, 9, 3] from both instances.
print obj_1.attr_1
print obj_2.attr_1



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Re: Beginners question

[Ulrich Eckhardt]

Am 30.08.2012 15:27, schrieb Marco Nawijn:

On Thursday, August 30, 2012 3:15:03 PM UTC+2, Ulrich Eckhardt wrote:

Am 30.08.2012 13:54, schrieb boltar2003@boltar.world:

What sort of object is posix.stat_result?

[...]

I guess that this is a named tuple, which is a tuple where the
attributes are not indexed but have a name, see the
documentation for the namedtuple() function from the collections
library.



It is not a namedtuple. Because a namedtuple is a tuple and therefore 
isinstance(s, tuple) would have returned True.


from collections import namedtuple
Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
p = Point(10,2)
isinstance(p, tuple)

True


Hi Marco,

I don't find anything wrong with what you say, the output formatting 
from using a type created by namedtuple would have been slightly 
different indeed. However, I also don't understand the point you're 
trying to make, in particular why it matters that a namedtuple type is 
derived from tuple, other than perhaps that access by name is available 
in addition to access by index.


Greetings!

Uli

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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Hans Mulder]

On 30/08/12 16:48:24, Marco Nawijn wrote:
 On Thursday, August 30, 2012 4:30:59 PM UTC+2, Dave Angel wrote:
 On 08/30/2012 10:11 AM, Marco Nawijn wrote:
 On Thursday, August 30, 2012 3:25:52 PM UTC+2, Hans Mulder wrote:
 snip

 Learned my lesson today. Don't assume you know something. Test it first ;).

A very important lesson.

Next week's lesson will be: if you test it first, then
paste it into a message for this forum, then tweak just
one unimportant detail, you'll need to test it again.

 I have done quite some programming in Python, but did not know that
class
 attributes are still local to the instances.

 They're not.  They're just visible to the instances, except where the
 instance has an instance attribute of the same name.  Don't be confused
 by dir(), which shows both instance and class attributes.

 Please show me an example where you think you observe each instance
 getting a copy of the class attribute.  There's probably some other
 explanation.
 
 I don't have an example. It was just what I thought would happen.
 Consider the following. In a class declaration like this:
 
 class A(object):
 attr_1 = 10
 
 def __init__(self):
self.attr_2 = 20
 
 If I instantiated it twice:
 
 obj_1 = A()
 obj_2 = A()
 
 For both obj_1 and obj_2 attr_1 equals 10. What I thought would happen after 
 the following statement:
 
 obj_1.attr_1 = 12
 
 is that obj_2.attr_1 also equals 12. This is what surprised me a little, 
 that's all. 

The trick is to look at obj_1.__dict__ to see what is defined locally:

 obj_1 = A()
 obj_1.__dict__
{'attr_2': 20}

 obj_1.attr_1 = 12
 obj_1.__dict__
{'attr_2': 20, 'attr_1': 12}


Hope this helps,

-- HansM
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Re: Beginners question

[Hans Mulder]

On 30/08/12 14:49:54, Ulrich Eckhardt wrote:
 Am 30.08.2012 13:54, schrieb boltar2003@boltar.world:
 s = os.stat(.)
 print s
 posix.stat_result(st_mode=16877, st_ino=2278764L, st_dev=2053L,
 st_nlink=2, st_u
 id=1000, st_gid=100, st_size=4096L, st_atime=1346327745,
 st_mtime=1346327754, st
 _ctime=1346327754)

 What sort of object is posix.stat_result?
 
 Use the type() function to find out. I guess that this is a named tuple,
 which is a tuple where the attributes are not indexed but have a name,
 see the documentation for the namedtuple() function from the collections
 library.

Named tuples were invented to do this kind of thing.

However, stat_result is fairly old, and named tuples
had not been invented back then.

If named tuples had been invented first, then os.stat
would probably have used them.

Hope this helps,

-- HansM


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Re: Built-in open() with buffering 1

[Marco]

On 08/26/2012 10:25 AM, Hans Mulder wrote:


The algorithm is explained at
http://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE


Thanks ;)


In other words: open() tries to find a suitable size by
calling os.stat(your_file).st_blksize and if that fails,
it uses io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, which is 8192 on my box.


Yes, when the parameter `buffering` is a negative integer
that is right


Whether you call open with buffering=2 or any larger
number, does not matter: the buffer size will be the
outcome of this algorithm.


Mmm, I think it is not right, because in this case
the buffer size is not computed but it is
the value you assign to the buffering parameter.
In fact:

 f = open('myfile', 'w', buffering=2)
 f._CHUNK_SIZE = 1
 f.write('ab')
2
 open('myfile').read()

Now two bytes are in the buffer and the buffer is full.
If you write another byte, it will not be written in the
buffer, because the bytes in the queue will be transferred
into the buffer only when they are more than f._CHUNK_SIZE:

 f.write('c')
1
 open('myfile').read()

Now, if you write another byte 'd', the chunk 'cd' will
be transferred to the buffer, but because it is full,
its content 'ab' will be transferred to the disk, and
after 'cd' written to the buffer, that still full:

 f.write('d')
1
 open('myfile').read()
'ab'

So, the buffer is really of size 2

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Basic Question. Deploy new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore

[Ylodis]

Hi,

I had an old and deprecated Master/Slave (M/S) datastore
and I trying to pass its content to a new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore as is 
expained here :
https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/adminconsole/migration#Deploying_Your_New_HRD_Application

Where it say I have to :

appcfg.py update myapp/

where have I to type that ?
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Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 07:02:24 -0400, Roy Smith wrote:

 In article 503f0e45$0$9416$c3e8da3$76491...@news.astraweb.com,
  Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:
 
 The only thing which is innovative here is that instead of the Python
 compiler declaring that all strings will be stored in UCS-2, the
 compiler chooses an implementation for each string as needed. So some
 strings will be stored internally as UCS-4, some as UCS-2, and some as
 ASCII (which is a standard, but not the Unicode consortium's standard).
 
 Is the implementation smart enough to know that x == y is always False
 if x and y are using different internal representations?

But x and y are not necessarily always False just because they have 
different representations. There may be circumstances where two strings 
have different internal representations even though their content is the 
same, so it's an unsafe optimization to automatically treat them as 
unequal.

The closest existing equivalent here is the relationship between ints and 
longs in Python 2. 42 == 42L even though they have different internal 
representations and take up a different amount of space.


My expectation is that the initial implementation of PEP 393 will be 
relatively unoptimized, and over the next few releases it will get more 
efficient. That's usually the way these things go.


-- 
Steven
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Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[Ian Kelly]

On Thu, Aug 30, 2012 at 2:51 AM,  wxjmfa...@gmail.com wrote:
 But as soon as you introduce artificially a latin-1
 bottleneck, all this machinery just become useless.

How is this a bottleneck?  If you removed the Latin-1 encoding
altogether and limited the flexible representation to just UCS-2 /
UCS-4, I doubt very much that you would see any significant speed
gains. The flexibility is the part that makes string creation slower,
not the Latin-1 option in particular.

 This flexible representation is working absurdly.
 It optimizes the characters you are not using (in one
 sense), it defaults to a non optimized form for the
 characters you wish to use.

I'm sure that if you wanted to you could patch Python to use Latin-9
instead.  Just be prepared for it to be slower than UCS-2, since it
would mean having to encode the code points rather than merely
truncating them.

 Pick up a random text and see the probability this
 text match the most optimized case 1 char / 1 byte,
 practically never.

Pick up a random text and see that this text matches the next most
optimized case, 1 char / 2 bytes: practically always.

 If a user will use exclusively latin-1, she/he is  better
 served by using a dedicated tool for latin-1

Speaker as a user who almost exclusively uses Latin-1, I strongly
disagree.  What you're describing is Python 2.x.  The user is always
almost better served by not having to worry about the full extent of
the character set their program might use.  That's why we moved to
Unicode strings in Python 3 in the first place.

 If a user will comfortably work with Unicode, she/he is
 better served by using one of this tools which is using
 properly one of the available Unicode schemes.

 In a funny way, this is what Python was doing and it
 performs better!

Seriously, please show us just one *real world* benchmark in which
Python 3.3 performs demonstrably worse than Python 3.2.  All you've
shown so far is this one microbenchmark of string creation that is
utterly irrelevant to actual programs.
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Re: Basic Question. Deploy new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore

[Mark Lawrence]

On 30/08/2012 16:51, Ylodis wrote:

Hi,

I had an old and deprecated Master/Slave (M/S) datastore
and I trying to pass its content to a new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore as is 
expained here :
https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/adminconsole/migration#Deploying_Your_New_HRD_Application

Where it say I have to :

appcfg.py update myapp/

where have I to type that ?



The facetious answer is the keyboard as this isn't really a Python 
question :)  I haven't looked at the link but I assume you need a 
console or terminal window for your OS, that's cmd for Windows for which 
you might need administrator privileges as I've no idea what you're doing.


--
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Mark Lawrence.

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Re: Basic Question. Deploy new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore

[Ylodis]

I am trying to use a Google public storage that is managed in python. 

I do web developement, I have very litle idea about python, english is not my 
natural language and as you can see, I am very lost. I do not even now which 
group cold help me.

The details of what I want to do are in the link.
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mailbox.mbox Status/X-Status flags RFC?

[Tim Chase]

Playing around with mailbox.mbox, I noticed the flag get split
across Status/X-Status headers.  I dug into the source and read at
[1] to see the *how* but I'm curious as to the *why*.

When I pulled up RFC-4155[2] (mbox), it didn't seem to mention
anything about the Status/X-Status stuff, and the MaildirMessage
stores flags differently (and with different meanings).

Anybody have some insight (or an RFC document) that would help this
make sense to me?

Thanks,

-tkc


[1]
http://docs.python.org/library/mailbox.html#mboxmessage

[2]
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4155




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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Oscar Benjamin]

On 30 August 2012 15:11, Marco Nawijn naw...@gmail.com wrote:


 Learned my lesson today. Don't assume you know something. Test it first
 ;). I have done quite some programming in Python, but did not know that
 class attributes are still local to the instances. It is also a little
 surprising I must say. I always considered them like static variables in
 C++ (not that I am an expert in C++).


Class attributes are analogous to static variables in C++ provided you only
ever assign to them as an attribute of the class.

 class A(object):
...   static = 5
...
 a = A()
 a.static
5
 A.static
5
 b = A()
 b.static
5
 A.static = 10
 a.static
10
 b.static
10

An instance attribute with the same name as a class attribute hides the
class attribute for that instance only.

 b.static = -1
 a.static
10
 b.static
-1
 del b.static
 b.static
10

This is analogous to having a local variable in a function that hides a
module level variable with the same name:

x = 10

def f1():
x = 4
print(x)

def f2():
print(x)

f2()  # 10
f1()  # 4
f2()  # still 10

If you want f1 to modify the value of x seen by f2 then you should
explicitly declare x as global in f1.

Likewise if you want to modify an attribute for all instances of a class
you should explicitly assign to the class attribute rather than an instance
attribute.

Oscar
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Re: Basic Question. Deploy new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore

[Terry Reedy]

On 8/30/2012 11:51 AM, Ylodis wrote:

Hi,

I had an old and deprecated Master/Slave (M/S) datastore
and I trying to pass its content to a new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore as is 
expained here :
https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/adminconsole/migration#Deploying_Your_New_HRD_Application

Where it say I have to :

appcfg.py update myapp/

where have I to type that ?


I have not used app engine, but ...

Since the action needs to happen on the Google servers, rather than on 
your machine, I would expect that there should be a text box in the 
Administration Console (looking above Deploying Your New ... .


--
Terry Jan Reedy

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Beginners question

[Terry Reedy]

On 8/30/2012 9:30 AM, Oscar Benjamin wrote:

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 09:23:03 -0400, Dave Angel d...@davea.name wrote:

I haven't discovered why sometimes the type output shows type

instead of

class.  There are other ways of defining classes, however, and

perhaps

this is using one of them.  Still, it is a class, and stat() is
returning an instance of that class.


Builtin types show as type and classes defined in python show as class
(even if they inherit from builtin types).


Only in 2.x, and this goes back to the old user class system, which the 
OP should not have to learn about.


 type(1)
class 'int'


--
Terry Jan Reedy

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Making sense of a traceback from py2exe

[Jonno]

Not sure where the best place to post this is. My app uses wxpython,
matplotlib.
I'm running Python 2.7 on Windows 7.
I have a script app.py that I'm trying to turn into app.exe using py2exe.
The exe runs fine on the pc that it was compiled on but on another Win7
machine I get something like the following in the app.exe.log:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File app.py, line 1951, in module
  File wx\_core.pyo, line 7981, in __init__
  File wx\_core.pyo, line 7555, in _BootstrapApp
  File app.py, line 1944, in OnInit
  File app.py, line 1811, in __init__
  File matplotlib\backends\backend_wxagg.pyo, line 59, in draw
  File matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.pyo, line 401, in draw
  File matplotlib\artist.pyo, line 55, in draw_wrapper
  File matplotlib\figure.pyo, line 884, in draw
  File matplotlib\artist.pyo, line 55, in draw_wrapper
  File matplotlib\axes.pyo, line 1983, in draw
  File matplotlib\artist.pyo, line 55, in draw_wrapper
  File matplotlib\text.pyo, line 526, in draw
  File matplotlib\text.pyo, line 309, in _get_layout
  File matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.pyo, line 179, in
get_text_width_height_descent
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 2974, in parse
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 2352, in parse
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 1048, in parseString
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2307, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2679, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2307, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2756, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2714, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2373, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2416, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2416, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2293, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2756, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2373, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2416, in parseImpl
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
  File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 950, in _parseNoCache
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 2469, in symbol
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 1312, in __init__
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 1319, in _update_metrics
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 485, in get_metrics
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 618, in _get_info
  File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 720, in _get_glyph
KeyError: 98
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File wx\_core.pyo, line 14669, in lambda
  File app.py, line 826, in _init_panels
AttributeError: 'MyApp' object has no attribute 'frame'

I need some help picking apart the Traceback.

Why are there two tracebacks 

Re: Flexible string representation, unicode, typography, ...

[Terry Reedy]

On 8/30/2012 12:00 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:

On Thu, 30 Aug 2012 07:02:24 -0400, Roy Smith wrote:


In article 503f0e45$0$9416$c3e8da3$76491...@news.astraweb.com,
  Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:


The only thing which is innovative here is that instead of the Python
compiler declaring that all strings will be stored in UCS-2, the
compiler chooses an implementation for each string as needed. So some
strings will be stored internally as UCS-4, some as UCS-2, and some as
ASCII (which is a standard, but not the Unicode consortium's standard).


Is the implementation smart enough to know that x == y is always False
if x and y are using different internal representations?


Yes, after checking lengths, and in same circumstances, x != y is True. From
http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/ab6ab44921b2/Objects/unicodeobject.c

PyObject *
PyUnicode_RichCompare(PyObject *left, PyObject *right, int op)
{
int result;

if (PyUnicode_Check(left)  PyUnicode_Check(right)) {
PyObject *v;
if (PyUnicode_READY(left) == -1 ||
PyUnicode_READY(right) == -1)
return NULL;
if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(left) != PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(right) ||
PyUnicode_KIND(left) != PyUnicode_KIND(right)) {
if (op == Py_EQ) {
Py_INCREF(Py_False);
return Py_False;
}
if (op == Py_NE) {
Py_INCREF(Py_True);
return Py_True;
}
}
...
KIND is 1,2,4 bytes/char

'a in s' is also False if a chars are wider than s chars.

If s is all ascii, s.encode('ascii') or s.encode('utf-8') is a fast, 
constant time operation, as I showed earlier in this discussion. This is 
one thing that is much faster in 3.3.


Such things can be tested by timing with different lengths of strings, 
where the initial string creation is done in setup code rather than in 
the repeated operation code.



But x and y are not necessarily always False just because they have
different representations. There may be circumstances where two strings
have different internal representations even though their content is the
same, so it's an unsafe optimization to automatically treat them as
unequal.


I am sure that str objects are always in canonical form once visible to 
Python code. Note that unready (non-canonical) objects are rejected by 
the rich comparison function.



My expectation is that the initial implementation of PEP 393 will be
relatively unoptimized,


The initial implementation was a year ago. At least three people have 
expended considerable effort improving it since, so that the slowdown 
mentioned in the PEP has mostly disappeared. The things that are still 
slower are somewhat balanced by things that are faster.


--
Terry Jan Reedy

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Making sense of a traceback from py2exe

[Jonno]

On Thu, Aug 30, 2012 at 3:11 PM, Jonno jonnojohn...@gmail.com wrote:

 Not sure where the best place to post this is. My app uses wxpython,
 matplotlib.
 I'm running Python 2.7 on Windows 7.
 I have a script app.py that I'm trying to turn into app.exe using py2exe.
 The exe runs fine on the pc that it was compiled on but on another Win7
 machine I get something like the following in the app.exe.log:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File app.py, line 1951, in module
   File wx\_core.pyo, line 7981, in __init__
   File wx\_core.pyo, line 7555, in _BootstrapApp
   File app.py, line 1944, in OnInit
   File app.py, line 1811, in __init__
   File matplotlib\backends\backend_wxagg.pyo, line 59, in draw
   File matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.pyo, line 401, in draw
   File matplotlib\artist.pyo, line 55, in draw_wrapper
   File matplotlib\figure.pyo, line 884, in draw
   File matplotlib\artist.pyo, line 55, in draw_wrapper
   File matplotlib\axes.pyo, line 1983, in draw
   File matplotlib\artist.pyo, line 55, in draw_wrapper
   File matplotlib\text.pyo, line 526, in draw
   File matplotlib\text.pyo, line 309, in _get_layout
   File matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.pyo, line 179, in
 get_text_width_height_descent
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 2974, in parse
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 2352, in parse
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 1048, in parseString
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2307, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2679, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2307, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2756, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2714, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2373, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2416, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2416, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2293, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2756, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2559, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2373, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 924, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 2416, in parseImpl
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 981, in _parseCache
   File matplotlib\pyparsing.pyo, line 950, in _parseNoCache
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 2469, in symbol
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 1312, in __init__
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 1319, in _update_metrics
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 485, in get_metrics
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 618, in _get_info
   File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 720, in _get_glyph
 KeyError: 98
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File wx\_core.pyo, line 14669, in lambda
   File app.py, 

PipeController v0.1 - experimental tool to simulate simple UNIX-style pipes in Python

[vasudevram]

I wrote PipeController recently to experiment with doing UNIX-style pipes in 
Python.

Blog post about it:

http://jugad2.blogspot.in/2012/08/pipecontroller-v01-released-simulating.html

The blog post has a link to the downloadable PipeController source code.

It will be released under the New BSD License, which means you can use it for 
any purpose, commercial or otherwise, subject to the terms of the license.

- Vasudev Ram
www.dancingbison.com
jugad2.blogspot.com
twitter.com/vasudevram
-- 
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get return or locals from exec str in environment

[lucas]

ok, i am stuck.  i tried some test code attempts and i am stuck.  so here is 
some sample code:

xx2 = 
def lucas53():
  harry = (4+16)/2
  rtn = dict(harry=harry)
  return rtn


and then i run:

env = {}
exec xx2 in env
lst = env

and lst returns a huge dictionary of many types, some excerpts are:
{...
...'globals': built-in function globals, ...
...'vars': built-in function vars, ...
...'locals': built-in function locals, ...
...'lucas53': function lucas53 at 0x214348c}

and i can see my executed function in there as a type function, and local and 
global vars, but i can not access or find harry or rtn the variables within 
the function lucas53.  i do not know how to access the local variables within 
lucas53 or the locals to find harry or rtn.  i really just want the return 
dictionary.  make sense?

anyway, python impresses me with its graceful and concise code, but i really 
have not found the solution to this mess.

please advise and thank you in advance.  lucas
-- 
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Re: get return or locals from exec str in environment

[Chris Angelico]

On Fri, Aug 31, 2012 at 8:11 AM, lucas sjluk...@gmail.com wrote:
 and i can see my executed function in there as a type function, and local and 
 global vars, but i can not access or find harry or rtn the variables 
 within the function lucas53.  i do not know how to access the local variables 
 within lucas53 or the locals to find harry or rtn.  i really just want the 
 return dictionary.  make sense?

Far as I can see, you never actually called that function anywhere.

ChrisA
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Re: get return or locals from exec str in environment

[lucas]

 Far as I can see, you never actually called that function anywhere.
 ChrisA

doesn't the exec command call the function?
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Re: Basic Question. Deploy new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore

[Ylodis]

That is the question, where have I to write, and what have I to write.

My old acount was tarot-gratis, the new account is tarot-gratis-hrd.

What have I to write, where Google help says myapp ? Where should I write 
appcfg.py update 'myapp'/
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Re: Basic Question. Deploy new Master/Slave (M/S) datastore

[Mark Lawrence]

On 30/08/2012 23:32, Ylodis wrote:

That is the question, where have I to write, and what have I to write.

My old acount was tarot-gratis, the new account is tarot-gratis-hrd.

What have I to write, where Google help says myapp ? Where should I write 
appcfg.py update 'myapp'/



Probably where Terry Reedy told you to look some hours ago!!!

--
Cheers.

Mark Lawrence.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Sending USB commands with Python

[Cameron Simpson]

On 30Aug2012 05:51, Adam W. awasile...@gmail.com wrote:
| On Thursday, August 30, 2012 12:55:14 AM UTC-4, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
|  How many bytes did it claim to send?
|
| 11, which is what I expected.  But I changed the byte value to 16
| (because I was having trouble getting single digit hex values working
| in the command) and sent this command:
|
|  for x in range(0,500):
|   
ep.write(b'\x16\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF')
| 
| it respond with 500 17's and prints a black bar!  So it looks like whatever 
concern you had with using encode was coming to fruition.

Yeah. Try 'iso8859-1' instead of 'utf-8'. You want to be not translating
the byte values at all. UTF-8 encodes character values over 127 as multibyte
sequences. ISO8859-1 is a 256 code set that does no translation -
character codes in go directly to byte values out.

You're speaking a binary protocol, not text, so you want a one to one
mapping. Better still would be to be using a bytes I/O layer instead of
one with a text-byte translation; I do not know if the USB library
you're using offers such. So try 'iso8859-1'; at least the translation
is a no-op.

Cheers,
-- 
Cameron Simpson c...@zip.com.au

B1FF is an archetype, and all you're showing us is one of the more amusing of
his many instantiations.- Howard E. Motteler motte...@umbc.edu
Ah, perhaps Arthur Clarke anticipated this in his celebrated short story,
The Nine Million Names Of B1FF? - Nosy atay...@nmsu.edu
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Re: get return or locals from exec str in environment

[Chris Angelico]

On Fri, Aug 31, 2012 at 8:25 AM, lucas sjluk...@gmail.com wrote:
 Far as I can see, you never actually called that function anywhere.
 ChrisA

 doesn't the exec command call the function?

(Side point: You don't have to post to both comp.lang.python and
python-list - they mirror each other.)

What you executed included the 'def' statement. That's an executable
statement that creates a function object:

'lucas53': function lucas53 at 0x214348c

In Python, functions are objects just like dictionaries, strings, and
integers; you can construct them (usually with 'def' or 'lambda'),
pass them around, tinker with their attribututes, and ultimately, call
them.

But unless you do actually call that function, none of its code will
be executed. You can test this by putting a 'print' inside the
function; you'll see screen output when the function's called, and
your code above won't show that.

To access the local variables/names from the function itself, you'll
need to put a call to locals() inside that function, because as soon
as it finishes, those locals disappear. Try this:

 xx2 = 
def lucas53():
harry = (4+16) / 2
rtn = dict(harry=harry)
return rtn

foo = lucas53()

 env = {}
 exec(xx2,env)

(This is Python 3 syntax, exec is now a function - otherwise
equivalent to what you did.)

You'll now see a name 'foo' in env, with the mapping returned from
your function. There's no peeking into locals here, just a straight
function return value.

Is this what you were looking for?

ChrisA
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Re: get return or locals from exec str in environment

[lucas]

oh, yeah that was perfect.  got it working and it is graceful too.  sorry about 
the double post, i thought i was only posting to this one.

one final concern, if this code is running under a function in a 
multi-threaded, multi-session kind of environment, does exec cross threads or 
sessions?  like, i am afraid that i will get cross-over or bleeding into other 
threads or sessions.  does exec do that kind of common memory space wherein i 
have to be very very careful about executing such code and my daemon crashing 
or security holes and the like.

lucas
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Re: get return or locals from exec str in environment

[lucas]

also, does that environment space, what i am assigning as env, have any such 
common memory space or cross thread problem with simultaneous threads or 
sessions?
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Re: class object's attribute is also the instance's attribute?

[Ben Finney]

Hans Mulder han...@xs4all.nl writes:

 Next week's lesson will be: if you test it first, then paste it into a
 message for this forum, then tweak just one unimportant detail, you'll
 need to test it again.

+1 QotW

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Re: get return or locals from exec str in environment

[Chris Angelico]

On Fri, Aug 31, 2012 at 9:54 AM, lucas sjluk...@gmail.com wrote:
 oh, yeah that was perfect.  got it working and it is graceful too.  sorry 
 about the double post, i thought i was only posting to this one.

Hehe, you're still posting to both. I don't see the duplicates myself,
but I'm sure others do. Just pick one and ignore the other.

 one final concern, if this code is running under a function in a 
 multi-threaded, multi-session kind of environment, does exec cross threads or 
 sessions?  like, i am afraid that i will get cross-over or bleeding into 
 other threads or sessions.  does exec do that kind of common memory space 
 wherein i have to be very very careful about executing such code and my 
 daemon crashing or security holes and the like.

Not that I am aware of, and I would be extremely surprised if there
were any. But exec is not the sort of thing you'll normally want to
use. What are you trying to accomplish? There's usually an
alternative.

The only time I've used an exec-like feature is when I'm actually
writing something that loads code from the disk at run-time, such as
my MUD with room files that look like this:

@sdesc Short Description
@ldesc This is the long description of the room, blah blah
@cmds thwap #do_something_when_user_types_thwap()

VERY unusual sort of thing to do - having real code in a data file.

ChrisA
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Re: Python Logging: Specifying converter attribute of a log formatter in config file

[bernhard . haslhofer]

I have the same problem and couldn't find a solution. It seems that converters 
can only be set programmatically?



On Thursday, August 30, 2012 6:38:27 AM UTC-4, Radha Krishna Srimanthula wrote:
 I'd like to have all timestamps in my log file to be UTC timestamp. When 
 specified through code, this is done as follows:
 
 
 
 myHandler = logging.FileHandler('mylogfile.log', 'a')
 
 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s 
 %(name)-15s:%(lineno)4s: %(message)-80s')
 
 formatter.converter = time.gmtime
 
 
 
 myLogger = logging.getLogger('MyApp')
 
 myLogger.addHandler(myHandler)
 
 
 
 
 
 I'd like to move away from the above 'in-code' configuration to a config file 
 based mechanism.
 
 
 
 Here's the config file section for the formatter:
 
 
 
 [handler_MyLogHandler]
 
 args=(mylogfile.log, a,)
 
 class=FileHandler
 
 level=DEBUG
 
 formatter=simpleFormatter
 
 
 
 Now, how do I specify the converter attribute (time.gmtime) in the above 
 section?

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Re: Making sense of a traceback from py2exe

[Jonno]

On Thu, Aug 30, 2012 at 4:02 PM, Jonno jonnojohn...@gmail.com wrote:


 Well I managed to figure out that the first traceback is the one causing
 the problem and that matplotlib/mathtext in my app is the problem.
 Now to figure out how to get mathtext working.


Bit more information:
I am also seeing warnings in app.exe.log:
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['STIXGeneral'] not found. Falling back
to Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1226:
UserWarning: findfont: Could not match :family=Bitstream Vera
Sans:style=normal:variant=normal:weight=normal:stretch=normal:size=12.
Returning c:\windows\fonts\browai.ttf
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['STIXSizeOneSym'] not found. Falling
back to Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1226:
UserWarning: findfont: Could not match :family=Bitstream Vera
Sans:style=normal:variant=normal:weight=bold:stretch=normal:size=12.
Returning c:\windows\fonts\browai.ttf
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['STIXSizeThreeSym'] not found. Falling
back to Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['STIXSizeFourSym'] not found. Falling
back to Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['STIXSizeFiveSym'] not found. Falling
back to Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['STIXSizeTwoSym'] not found. Falling
back to Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1226:
UserWarning: findfont: Could not match :family=Bitstream Vera
Sans:style=italic:variant=normal:weight=normal:stretch=normal:size=12.
Returning c:\windows\fonts\browai.ttf
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['STIXNonUnicode'] not found. Falling
back to Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['cmb10'] not found. Falling back to
Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['cmtt10'] not found. Falling back to
Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['cmmi10'] not found. Falling back to
Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['cmex10'] not found. Falling back to
Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['cmsy10'] not found. Falling back to
Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['cmr10'] not found. Falling back to
Bitstream Vera Sans
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\dist\library.zip\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1216:
UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['cmss10'] not found. Falling back to
Bitstream Vera Sans

I think these are all fonts that matplotlib/mathtext would use so it makes
sense that the traceback ends with:
File matplotlib\mathtext.pyo, line 720, in _get_glyph
KeyError: 98

I then discovered that both the methods I tried for getting data_files
(using glob and matplotlib.get_py2exe_datafiles) were not working and I had
nothing in my mpl-data/fonts directory. This directory should contain 3
folders: afm, pdfcorefonts  ttf. The ttf folder is where the mathtext
fonts mentioned above are located.

I then tried manually copying the entire mpl-data folder into the dist
folder after running py2exe on setup.py but still I get the same error.

Does data_files do anything other than include files and directories in the
dist folder?
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Re: Dumping all the sql statements as backup

[Jason Friedman]

 I have some long running processes that do very long simulations which
 at the end need to write things on a database.

 At the moment sometimes there are network problems and we end up with
 half the data on the database.

 The half-data problem is probably solved easily with sessions and
 sqlalchemy (a db-transaction), but still we would like to be able to
 keep a backup SQL file in case something goes badly wrong and we want to
 re-run it manually..

 This might also be useful if we have to rollback the db for some reasons
 to a previous day and we don't want to re-run the simulations..

 Anyone did something similar?
 It would be nice to do something like:

 with CachedDatabase('backup.sql'):
  # do all your things


 ... at the end need to write things on a database ... 

Is it necessary to write those things during the process, or only at
the end?  If only at the end, can you write locally first, and then
write that local store to your remote database?
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Context manager to save/restore a name binding

[Ben Finney]

Howdy all,

I have written a context manager to save and restore a name binding::

import contextlib

@contextlib.contextmanager
def preserve_value(namespace, name):
 A context manager to preserve, then restore, the specified binding.

:param namespace: The namespace object (e.g. a class or dict)
containing the name binding.
:param name: The name of the binding to be preserved.
:yield: None.

When the context manager is entered, the current value bound to 
`name`
in `namespace` is saved. When the context manager is exited, the
binding is re-established to the saved value.


saved_value = getattr(namespace, name)
yield
setattr(namespace, name, saved_value)

The use case is URL: http://stackoverflow.com/a/6811921/70157, where
it's used like this::

with preserve_value(sys, 'dont_write_bytecode'):
sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
module = imp.load_module(…)

That way, I can set ‘sys.dont_write_bytecode’ to the value I need in
this part of the code, knowing that however the code continues the
previous value of that setting will be restored to whatever it was
before I touched it.

Have I re-invented a context manager which already exists? Is there a
better way to do what ‘preserve_value’ is doing?

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Re: Sending USB commands with Python

[Tim Roberts]

Adam W. awasile...@gmail.com wrote:

You are correct about the 2 being the number of bytes written.  However when I 
issue a read command I get:

 ep.write('\x1BA')
4
 ep.read(1)
usb.core.USBError: [Errno None] b'libusb0-dll:err [_usb_setup_async] invalid 
endpoint 0x02\n'

USB endponts only go in one direction.  There will be one endpoint for
outoging data, and one endpoint for incoming data.
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Providenza  Boekelheide, Inc.
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Re: OT: Text editors

[Robert Miles]

On 7/29/2012 5:28 AM, Mark Lawrence wrote:

On 29/07/2012 06:08, Ben Finney wrote:

Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.com writes:


On Sat, Jul 28, 2012 at 6:29 PM, Mark Lawrence wrote:

I highly recommend the use of notepad++.  If anyone knows of a
better text editor for Windows please let me know :)


I highly recommend not tying your editor skills to a single OS,
especially one as ornery for programmers as Windows.


I'll advocate for Vim which is crazy-powerful and works nicely on
just about any platform I touch.

Others will advocate for Emacs, which I can't say fits the way my
brain works but it's also powerful and loved by many.


Right. I'm in Tim's position, but reversed: my preference is for Emacs
but Vim is a fine choice also. They are mature, well-supported with
regular updates and a massive library of plug-ins for different uses,
have a huge community to help you, and work on all major programming
OSen.


The ubiquity of these two platforms makes a worthwhile investment of
time spent in learning at least one if not both.


I use both frequently in my work for different things, and they are good
for pretty much any task involving manipulation of text.

Learn one of Emacs or Vim well, and you won't need to worry about text
editors again.



Point taken, snag being I've never used any nix box in anger.  This
thread reminds of the good 'ole days when I were a lad using TPU on VMS.
  Have we got any VMS aficionados here?



I used to run two VMS superminis.  I'm not sure whether I still could,
though.

Robert Miles

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Re: OT: Text editors

[William Ray Wing]

 On 7/29/2012 5:28 AM, Mark Lawrence wrote:
 On 29/07/2012 06:08, Ben Finney wrote:
 Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.com writes:
 

[byte]


 
 Point taken, snag being I've never used any nix box in anger.  This
 thread reminds of the good 'ole days when I were a lad using TPU on VMS.
  Have we got any VMS aficionados here?
 

Absolutely, I used to do real time data acquisition on DEC machines. Started on 
PDP-8e's, graduated to PDP-12's, then jumped to 780's, and finished up on 
8700's. Used CAMAC gear for the actual real-world interfaces; all at a 
well-known Dept. of Energy lab. Too many years ago. 

Bill
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[issue15798] subprocess.Popen() fails if 0, 1 or 2 descriptor is closed

[Ross Lagerwall]

Ross Lagerwall added the comment:

I sent a review through on rietveld; I'm attaching a patch with the changes so 
that it compiles and passes the tests.

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Trent Nelson]

New submission from Trent Nelson:

This is somewhat related to Issue #9860.  You can't currently build Python 
out-of-tree when the source directory is readonly.  This is because there are a 
few Parser/pgen/AST/python_asdl.py steps that try and write to $(srcdir).

The attached patch fixes this.

--
assignee: trent
files: readonly_src.patch
keywords: patch
messages: 169430
nosy: trent
priority: low
severity: normal
stage: needs patch
status: open
title: Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.
type: compile error
versions: Python 2.7, Python 3.2, Python 3.3, Python 3.4
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file27054/readonly_src.patch

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Trent Nelson]

Changes by Trent Nelson tr...@snakebite.org:


--
stage: needs patch - patch review

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Martin v . Löwis]

Martin v. Löwis added the comment:

Instead of using mkdir -p, it should use $(MKDIR_P) (which actually isn't 
normally mkdir -p :-) Other than that, the patch looks fine.

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Trent Nelson]

Trent Nelson added the comment:

Hm.  Now I'm confused.  Is this what you meant?

---
% hg diff
diff -r 019a2390b014 Makefile.pre.in
--- a/Makefile.pre.in   Tue Aug 21 23:41:43 2012 +
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in   Thu Aug 30 07:16:55 2012 +
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
 
 GNULD= @GNULD@
 
+MKDIR_P=   @MKDIR_P@
+
 # Shell used by make (some versions default to the login shell, which is bad)
 SHELL= /bin/sh
 
@@ -223,8 +225,8 @@
 
 ##
 # Grammar
-GRAMMAR_H= $(srcdir)/Include/graminit.h
-GRAMMAR_C= $(srcdir)/Python/graminit.c
+GRAMMAR_H= Include/graminit.h
+GRAMMAR_C= Python/graminit.c
 GRAMMAR_INPUT= $(srcdir)/Grammar/Grammar
 
 
@@ -266,9 +268,9 @@
 
 ##
 # AST
-AST_H_DIR= $(srcdir)/Include
+AST_H_DIR= Include
 AST_H= $(AST_H_DIR)/Python-ast.h
-AST_C_DIR= $(srcdir)/Python
+AST_C_DIR= Python
 AST_C= $(AST_C_DIR)/Python-ast.c
 AST_ASDL=  $(srcdir)/Parser/Python.asdl
 
@@ -605,9 +607,11 @@
 Parser/pgenmain.o: $(srcdir)/Include/parsetok.h
 
 $(AST_H): $(AST_ASDL) $(ASDLGEN_FILES)
+   $(MKDIR_P) $(AST_H_DIR)
$(ASDLGEN) -h $(AST_H_DIR) $(AST_ASDL)
 
 $(AST_C): $(AST_ASDL) $(ASDLGEN_FILES)
+   $(MKDIR_P) $(AST_C_DIR)
$(ASDLGEN) -c $(AST_C_DIR) $(AST_ASDL)
 
 Python/compile.o Python/symtable.o Python/ast.o: $(GRAMMAR_H) $(AST_H)
diff -r 019a2390b014 configure
--- a/configure Tue Aug 21 23:41:43 2012 +
+++ b/configure Thu Aug 30 07:16:55 2012 +
@@ -658,6 +658,7 @@
 GNULD
 LINKCC
 LDVERSION
+MKDIR_P
 RUNSHARED
 INSTSONAME
 LDLIBRARYDIR
@@ -5262,6 +5263,7 @@
 HGBRANCH=
 fi
 
+MKDIR_P=mkdir -p
 
 DISABLE_ASDLGEN=
 # Extract the first word of python, so it can be a program name with args.
---

Given your which actually isn't normally mkdir -p comment... my patch doesn't 
seem right.

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Martin v . Löwis]

Martin v. Löwis added the comment:

Am 30.08.12 09:19, schrieb Trent Nelson:
 Hm.  Now I'm confused.  Is this what you meant?

No. Makefile.pre.in *already* has a definition of MKDIR_P, no need to 
add one.

--
title: Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly. - 
Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is   readonly.

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Trent Nelson]

Trent Nelson added the comment:

That's what I figured you meant initially... Until I couldn't find any MKDIR_P 
definitions, and couldn't get it working without the hack above.

I thought it might be an implicit make variable as well, but, not so much.  
(Tested with BSD make and gmake on FreeBSD.)

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Petri Lehtinen]

Petri Lehtinen added the comment:

In 3.3, Makefile.pre.in already defines MKDIR_P, in 3.2 it doesn't.

--
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[issue15820] Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide

[Mike Hoy]

Changes by Mike Hoy mho...@gmail.com:


--
keywords: +patch
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file27055/devguide-resources.diff

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[issue15820] Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide

[Mike Hoy]

New submission from Mike Hoy:

I wrote a patch which adds more info the devguide under Resources: 
http://docs.python.org/devguide/index.html#resources

--
messages: 169436
nosy: mikehoy
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide
versions: Python 3.3

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Trent Nelson]

Trent Nelson added the comment:

Ah, I see the MKDIR_P changes in 3.x/configure as well.

Objections to backporting to 3.2?

Is 2.7 off the table?

(Building from a readonly source is handy for Snakebite; saves having a dozen 
machines needing to use their own hg clone.)

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[issue15820] Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide

[Mike Hoy]

Changes by Mike Hoy mho...@gmail.com:


Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file27056/devguide-resources-2.diff

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[issue15820] Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide

[Mike Hoy]

Mike Hoy added the comment:

I changed the wording a bit and added a few more things. The second one is the 
one I prefer.

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[issue15820] Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide

[Mike Hoy]

Mike Hoy added the comment:

I'm working on a new patch with Ezio.

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[issue15814] memoryview: equality-hash invariant

[Stefan Krah]

Stefan Krah added the comment:

Martin v. L??wis rep...@bugs.python.org wrote:
  hash(x) == hash(x.tobytes())
 In the light of this requirement, it's even more difficult to ask
 people that they change their hashing, since some exporters may already
 comply with that original request.

I don't think so. memoryview.__hash__() is new in 3.3 and the requirement
is not documented at all in the general PEP-3118 sections.

[Adding Stefan Behnel to nosy, since Cython is pretty quick to pick up
new features.]

  The new equality definition and any possible new hash definition should
  probably also be part of the buffer API documentation, since they
  aren't memoryview specific.
 
 That's not true: they *are* memoryview-specific. The notion of equality
 is entirely one of memoryview objects, not of buffers.

Could you name a part of the equality definition that is memoryview-specific?

 I still maintain that specifying hashing for memoryviews under the
 new equality definition is just not feasible, and that we should give
 up on it (except perhaps supporting the hashing of bytes views).
 I also question whether it is useful to hash arbitrarily-shaped
 read-only buffers (along with questioning whether people will actually
 *have* arbitrarily-shaped read-only buffers).

Useful, perhaps. I don't know if it is worth the effort though. We
could restrict hashing to contiguous bytes views in 3.3.1.

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[issue15814] memoryview: equality-hash invariant

[Stefan Krah]

Changes by Stefan Krah stefan-use...@bytereef.org:


--
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[issue15820] Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide

[Mike Hoy]

Mike Hoy added the comment:

This patch adds a link from:
http://docs.python.org/devguide/index.html#resources

To:
http://docs.python.org/devguide/docquality.html#helping-with-the-developer-s-guide

--
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file27057/devguide-resources-3.diff

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[issue15820] Add additional info to Resources area on Dev Guide

[Mike Hoy]

Mike Hoy added the comment:

It was determined by Ezio that the previous patches had too much information 
about how to open a browser, or install python-sphynx on a debian system. It 
was just out of scope for the docs (people should know how to use their package 
management systems, etc). We worked out that it was best to just use the 
existing docs for stuff like hg clone... and leave out the sudo apt-get install 
python-sphynx.

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[issue15821] Improve docs for PyMemoryView_FromBuffer()

[Stefan Krah]

New submission from Stefan Krah:

People are using PyMemoryView_FromBuffer() to create and return
permanent memoryviews from buffers that are allocated on the stack.
See:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8123121/how-to-get-back-a-valid-object-from-python-in-c-while-this-object-has-been-con


The docs should perhaps warn against this.

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assignee: docs@python
components: Documentation
messages: 169443
nosy: belopolsky, docs@python, ncoghlan, pitrou, skrah
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: Improve docs for  PyMemoryView_FromBuffer()
type: enhancement
versions: Python 3.3, Python 3.4

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[issue15819] Unable to build Python out-of-tree when source tree is readonly.

[Martin v . Löwis]

Martin v. Löwis added the comment:

Am 30.08.12 09:47, schrieb Trent Nelson:
 Objections to backporting to 3.2?

 Is 2.7 off the table?

No, adding AC_PROG_MKDIR_P into all of them is fine.

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[issue15822] Python 3.3 creates lib2to3 grammar in wrong order

[Tomi Pieviläinen]

New submission from Tomi Pieviläinen:

Python 3.3rc1 source install modifies/installs lib2to3/Grammar.txt after 
modifying Grammar3.3.0.candidate.1.pickle:

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  6589 2012-08-27 13:25:33.190414570 +0300 Grammar.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20622 2012-08-27 13:25:33.150477192 +0300 
Grammar3.3.0.candidate.1.pickle

This causes lib2to3/pgen2/driver:load_grammar to try to recreate the pickle 
(the _newer call on line 119 returns false), which triggers SandboxViolation in 
when using easy_install/distribute 
(https://bitbucket.org/tarek/distribute/issue/317/easy_install-fails-with-sandboxviolation)
 see .

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components: 2to3 (2.x to 3.x conversion tool)
messages: 169445
nosy: tpievila
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: Python 3.3 creates lib2to3 grammar in wrong order
type: behavior
versions: Python 3.3

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[issue15724] Add versionchanged to memoryview docs

[Roundup Robot]

Roundup Robot added the comment:

New changeset 34e8c06f7e55 by Stefan Krah in branch 'default':
Issue #15724: Add versionchanged tags to the memoryview documentation.
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/34e8c06f7e55

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[issue15798] subprocess.Popen() fails if 0, 1 or 2 descriptor is closed

[Antoine Pitrou]

Antoine Pitrou added the comment:

I haven't tested Ross's latest patch, but it looks ok to me.

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stage:  - patch review

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[issue15724] Add versionchanged to memoryview docs

[Stefan Krah]

Changes by Stefan Krah stefan-use...@bytereef.org:


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status: open - closed

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[issue15798] subprocess.Popen() fails if 0, 1 or 2 descriptor is closed

[Andrew Svetlov]

Changes by Andrew Svetlov andrew.svet...@gmail.com:


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[issue15818] multiprocessing documentation of Process.exitcode

[Richard Oudkerk]

Changes by Richard Oudkerk shibt...@gmail.com:


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