Re: Over 30 types of variables available in python ?
Thanks for all your comments. It appears to me that there is a slight confusion between types and classes then, plus other entities (protocols ?) So my question is : is there a notion of type in python, like in other languages (integers, booleans, floats, strings, characters (in c)) ? if so, can you give a list of the available types ? The documentation (http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html) states The principal built-in types are numerics, sequences, mappings, files, classes, instances and exceptions. From: Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu To: python-list@python.org Sent: Monday, January 7, 2013 1:45 AM Subject: Re: Over 30 types of variables available in python ? On 1/6/2013 6:12 PM, chaouche yacine wrote: booleans ints, floats, longs, complexes strings, unicode strings lists, tuples, dictionaries, dictionary views, sets, frozensets, buffers, bytearrays, slices functions, methods, code objects,modules,classes, instances, types, nulls (there is exactly one object of type Null which is None), tracebacks, frames generators, iterators, xranges, files, memoryviews, context managers, These are all listed in this page http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html as built-in types. They would better be called classes. Every thing is Python is an instance of a class. 'Iterator' and 'context manager' are protocols that multiple classes can follow, not classes themselves. Am I getting anything wrong here ? I'm a bit confused about it. I have never seen so many types in the few programming languages I saw. C has up to 8 integer types, Python 3 just 1. Most of the above are structures in C, which may or may not by typedef-ed, or classes in C++. If you counted all the structures and classes that come with C or C++, you would find a comparable number. C stdlib has a pointer to file structure type, which is equivalent to Python's file class. It is true that C does not come with hashed arrays (sets) and hashed associative arrays (dicts), but they are often needed. So C programmers either reinvent the wheel or include a third-party library. C also has frame structure, but they are normally hidden. C programmers do not have easy direct access. However, virus writers learn to work with them ;-(. -- Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: os.path.realpath(path) bug on win7 ?
在 2013年1月7日星期一UTC+8上午7时40分06秒，Victor Stinner写道： It looks like the following issue: http://bugs.python.org/issue14094 Victor Le 6 janv. 2013 07:59, iMath 22815...@qq.com a écrit : os.path.realpath(path) bug on win7 ? Temp.link is a Symbolic link Its target location is C:\test\test1 But os.path.realpath(r'C:\Users\SAMSUNG\Temp.link\test2') 'C:\\Users\\SAMSUNG\\Temp.link\\test2' I thought the return value should be ' C:\\test\\test1\\test2' Is it a bug ? anyone can clear it to me ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list perhaps it is -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to detect the character encoding in a web page ?
在 2012年12月24日星期一UTC+8上午8时34分47秒，iMath写道： how to detect the character encoding in a web page ? such as this page http://python.org/ up to now , maybe chadet is the only way to let python automatically do it . -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Design of Reinforced Concrete, 8th Ed by McCormac, Brown
Here are instructor's solutions manuals to the scientific textbooks in PDF format. They cover solutions to all problems. If you need any, let me know its title, edition and author. If your title is not listed here don't worry because it is a list of some.. NOTE: This service is NOT free, and Don't reply here, instead send an email to: ronaldmanualsea( at )gmail(dot)com. INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Intermediate Accounting - IFRS Edition Vol.1 by Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Intermediate Accounting 12th ed by Kieso INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Intermediate Accounting 13 ed by Kieso INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Intermediate Accounting Kieso 12th ed INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING, 6th Edition, by Spiceland, Sepe INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Intermediate Algebra - Concepts Applications 8th Ed by Bittinger, Ellenbogen INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Accounting 3rd Ed by Marriott, Mellett INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd Ed by Cormen, Leiserson INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction To Analysis (3rdEd) -by William Wade INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Applied Modern Physics by Henok Abebe INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (7th Ed., Smith Van Ness) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Commutative Algebra by M. F. Atiyah INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing (in Serbian) by Lj. Milic and Z. Dobrosavljevic INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Econometrics (2nd ed., James H. Stock Mark W. Watson) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Electric Circuits 7th Edition by Dorf, Svaboda INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Electric Circuits, 6E, Dorf INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd Ed., David J. Griffiths) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Elementary Particles 2nd Ed by David Griffiths INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science (3rd Ed., Gilbert M. Masters Wendell P. Ela) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Edition 2, Masters INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Ergonomics 2E by Robert Bridger INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics ( 7 E., Robert Fox, Alan McDonald Philip ) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (6E., Robert Fox, Alan McDonald Philip) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to fluid mechanics 5th edition by Alan T. McDonald, Robert W Fox INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Graph Theory 2E - West INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Heat Transfer by Vedat S. Arpaci, Ahmet Selamet, Shu-Hsin Kao INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Java Programming, Comprehensive Version 7th Ed by Liang INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Linear Algebra, 3rd Ed., by Gilbert Strang INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Management Accounting, 14 ED by Horngren, Schatzberg INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers (6th Ed., Shackelford) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers 7th E by Shackelford INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Mathematical Statistics (6th Ed., Hogg, Craig McKean) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurements Systems 2nd Ed by Alciatore, Histand INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Nuclear And Particle Physics 2nd E by Bromberg, Das, Ferbel INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Operations Research - 7th ed by Frederick Hillier, Gerald Lieberman INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Probability 2nd Ed by Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Probability by Dimitri P. Bertsekas and John N. Tsitsiklis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Probability by Grinstead, Snell INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd Ed., David J. Griffiths) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1st edition (1995) by David J. Griffiths INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Queueing Theory 2nd Edition by R.B. Cooper INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Scientific Computation and Programming, 1st Edition by Daniel Kaplan INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Signal Processing by S. J. Orfanidis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Signal Processing by Sophocles J. Orfanidis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Solid State Physics 8th Ed by Kittel Charles INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Statistical Physics by Kerson Huang INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (5th Ed., Douglas C. Montgomery) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Introduction to the Theory
Re: regular expression : the dollar sign ($) work with re.match() or re.search() ？
在 2012年9月26日星期三UTC+8下午3时38分50秒，iMath写道：
I only know the dollar sign ($) will match a pattern from the
end of a string,but which method does it work with ,re.match() or re.search()
？
I thought re.match('h.$', 'hbxihi') will match ‘hi’ ,but it does not .so why ?
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pyodbc utf-8
When i look at my output on my webpage, i can see this: W\xe4denswil but it have to be this: Wädenswil you know now what i can see exactly... im using django and they told me its a python problem with utf-8. when i turn off debug, i cant see the page, it give me an error 500. the text Danke für die... on the bottom of my page is displayed correct. the error comes only when an umlaut is to post, out of the raw. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Over 30 types of variables available in python ?
On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 00:53:26 -0800, chaouche yacine wrote: Thanks for all your comments. It appears to me that there is a slight confusion between types and classes then, plus other entities (protocols ?) In Python 3, types and classes are synonyms. They mean the same thing. In Python 2, there is a very subtle difference, due to the existence of old style or classic classes, for backward compatibility, which are not identical to new style classes, also known as types. But they are a kind of type -- although there are some differences, you can consider them to be the same sort of thing. So my question is : is there a notion of type in python, like in other languages (integers, booleans, floats, strings, characters (in c)) ? if so, can you give a list of the available types ? Yes, and no. Yes, there is a notation of type in Python which is exactly the same sort of notation of type in other languages, such as C. The difference between C and Python is not in the notation of type, but in the notation of variable or name. In C, *variables* have a type. If you declare a variable x to be a float, then three things happen: * the C compiler creates a fixed memory location and calls it x; * the C compiler interprets the *value* of that memory location (which is actually just a bunch of bytes) as a float; * the C compiler will only ever place values into that memory location if it thinks that the value is a float, or compatible with a float. Because all values are bunches of bytes, you can (with a bit of effort) grab the bytes from any location, without caring what the type the compiler considers it. Sometimes this is useful; more often it is a source of bugs. In Python, *names* have no type, but *objects* (values) do. Because names are untyped, the one name (say, x) might be store a float one minute, then later have a list assigned to it, then a string, then a float again. But at any instant, whatever the value of x, it is an object, and objects always have a type no matter what name they are bound to. The type information is *part of the object*, rather than part of the name. Because Python considers all objects to be typed, there is no concept of extracting the raw bytes from a list. (Of course lists actually are made out of bytes, but you cannot access them from pure Python code.) So, yes, Python has types, just as C has types, but the difference is that Python associates the type with the *value* (object) rather than a storage location (variable). But no, we can't give a complete list of all types, because there is no limit to the number of types. There are a certain number of built-in types, plus many more types which are available from the standard library, plus an infinite number of custom types you can create yourself. You can get a list of the common built-in types and the standard library types from the Fine Manual: http://docs.python.org/2/library/ See also: http://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html There are also built-in types which are essentially undocumented, and used as implementation details of higher-level objects like functions, methods, and so forth. You are not expected to use these directly. Instead, you just use the function itself. If you are unfamiliar with Object Oriented Programming, you can broadly speaking consider types to be like smart structs that carry code around with them. There is no limit to the number of possible structs, and likewise there is no limit to the number of possible types. The documentation (http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html) states The principal built-in types are numerics, sequences, mappings, files, classes, instances and exceptions. Yes, they are the principal types, but there are many others. There are three different built-in numeric types: int long float plus Decimal and Fraction in the standard library; There are two standard built-in sequence types: list tuple plus others in the standard library, such as namedtuple; There is one standard built-in mapping type: dict plus at least two more in the standard library, defaultdict and ordereddict; etc. You can read the docs more easily than I can copy the types out. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
License status of pycollada?
Greetings all; Trying to collect all the dependencies of FreeCad-0.13, but it appears that pycollada is behind some sort of a login/paywall on github. Is anyone here familiar with how that works? Thanks. Cheers, Gene -- There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order. -Ed Howdershelt (Author) My web page: http://coyoteden.dyndns-free.com:85/gene is up! My views http://www.armchairpatriot.com/What%20Has%20America%20Become.shtml Mr. Cole's Axiom: The sum of the intelligence on the planet is a constant; the population is growing. I was taught to respect my elders, but its getting harder and harder to find any... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Numpy outlier removal
In other words: this approach for detecting outliers is nothing more than a very rough, and very bad, heuristic, and should be avoided. Heh, very true but the results will only be used for conversational purposes. I am making an assumption that the data is normally distributed and I do expect valid results to all be very nearly the same. You can read up more about outlier detection, and the difficulties thereof, here: I much appreciate the links and the thought in the post. I'll admit I didn't realize outlier detection was as involved. Again, thanks! jlc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: regular expression : the dollar sign ($) work with re.match() or re.search() ？
On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 01:45:58 -0800, iMath wrote:
在 2012年9月26日星期三UTC+8下午3时38分50秒，iMath写道：
I only know the dollar sign ($) will match a pattern from the
end of a string,but which method does it work with ,re.match() or
re.search() ？
I thought re.match('h.$', 'hbxihi') will match ‘hi’ ,but it does not .so
why ?
re.match only matches at the *start* of the string, so h.$ tries to
match:
* start of string
* literal h
* any character
* end of string
You want re.search, which will search the entire string and match hi at
the end of the string.
--
Steven
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: running multiple django/bottle instances
Not really, on the staging server we are using the django/bottle webserver.. Anyway I was thinking that a great possible solution might be to set up something like buildbot to: - checkout all the needed branches - run the various servers for all of them on different ports, where maybe the mapping port-branch is set from somewhere - run all the unit tests for them and make the results available With a similar configuration we would probably be very happy already, anyone doing something similar? 2013/1/7 Michel Kunkler michel.kunk...@gmail.com: As you are certainly running a production server like Apache, your problem is actually not Python related. If you want to run your applications on different ports, take a look on e.g. Apaches virtual host configurations. http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/examples.html Am 03.01.2013 17:35, schrieb Andrea Crotti: I'm working on a quite complex web app that uses django and bottle (bottle for the API which is also restful). Before I came they started to use a staging server to be able to try out things properly before they get published, but now we would like to have the possibility to see multiple branches at a time. First we thought about multiple servers, but actually since bottle and django can be made to run on different ports, I thought why not running everything on one server on different ports? We also use elasticsearch and couchdb for the data, but these two don't change that much and can just be a single instance. So what would be really great could be staging_server/branch_x staging_server/branch_y and something keeps track of all the various branches tracked, and run or keeps running bottle/django on different ports for the different branches. Is there something in the wonderful python world which I could bend to my needs? I'll probably have to script something myself anyway, but any suggestions is welcome, since I don't have much experience with web stuff.. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: License status of pycollada?
On Sunday, January 6, 2013, Gene Heskett wrote: Greetings all; Trying to collect all the dependencies of FreeCad-0.13, but it appears that pycollada is behind some sort of a login/paywall on github. Is anyone here familiar with how that works? Er, what? The repo seems freely browseable. Looks like it's under a standard 3-clause BSD-style license: https://github.com/pycollada/pycollada/blob/master/COPYING -- Cheers, Chris -- http://rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Over 30 types of variables available in python ?
chaouche yacine yacinechaou...@yahoo.com wrote:
booleans
ints, floats, longs, complexes
strings, unicode strings
lists, tuples, dictionaries, dictionary views, sets, frozensets,
buffers, bytearrays, slices functions, methods, code
objects,modules,classes, instances, types, nulls (there is exactly one
object of type Null which is None), tracebacks, frames generators,
iterators, xranges, files,
memoryviews,
context managers,
These are all listed in this page
http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html as built-in types. Am I
getting anything wrong here ? I'm a bit confused about it. I have
never seen so many types in the few programming languages I saw.
Instances aren't types (though types themselves are instances): every
object in Python is an instance.
If you want a list of types that exist in your particular copy of Python
then you can print it out easily enough:
def allsubclasses(base):
mod = base.__module__
if mod in ('builtins', '__builtin__', 'exceptions'):
yield getattr(base, '__qualname__', base.__name__)
else:
yield {}.{}.format(base.__module__, getattr(base,
'__qualname__', base.__name__))
for typ in type.__subclasses__(base):
for t in allsubclasses(typ): yield t
all_types = sorted(set(allsubclasses(object)), key=str.lower)
print(len(all_types))
print(all_types)
That won't show any types that haven't been imported, but it gives me
293 types that are all loaded on startup in Python 3.3 and 150 in Python
2.7.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
what’s the difference between socket.send() and socket.sendall() ?
what’s the difference between socket.send() andsocket.sendall() ? It is so hard for me to tell the difference between them from the python doc so what is the difference between them ? and each one is suitable for which case ?-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Gangnam Style in line for UK dictionary inclusion
Gangnam Style in line for UK dictionary inclusion http://adf.ly/2836760/news.yahoo.com/gangnam-style-line-uk-dictionary-inclusion-134517741.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with Unicode char in Python 3.3.0
In article mailman.175.1357492817.2939.python-l...@python.org,
marduk mar...@python.net wrote:
On Sun, Jan 6, 2013, at 11:43 AM, Franck Ditter wrote:
Hi !
I work on MacOS-X Lion and IDLE/Python 3.3.0
I can't get the treble key (U1D11E) !
\U1D11E
SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'unicodeescape' codec can't
decode bytes in position 0-6: end of string in escape sequence
You probably meant:
'\U0001d11e'
For that synax you must use either '\u' or '\U' (i.e.
specify either 4 or 8 hex digits).
http://docs.python.org/2/howto/unicode#unicode-literals-in-python-source-code
print('\U0001d11e')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#1, line 1, in module
print('\U0001d11e')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'UCS-2' codec can't encode character '\U0001d11e'
in position 0: Non-BMP character not supported in Tk
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with Unicode char in Python 3.3.0
On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 11:57 PM, Franck Ditter nob...@nowhere.org wrote:
print('\U0001d11e')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#1, line 1, in module
print('\U0001d11e')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'UCS-2' codec can't encode character '\U0001d11e'
in position 0: Non-BMP character not supported in Tk
That's a different issue; IDLE can't handle non-BMP characters. Try it
from the terminal if you can - on my Linux systems (Debians and
Ubuntus with GNOME and gnome-terminal), the terminal is set to UTF-8
and quite happily accepts the full Unicode range. On Windows, that may
well not be the case, though.
ChrisA
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with Unicode char in Python 3.3.0
On 1/7/2013 7:57 AM, Franck Ditter wrote:
print('\U0001d11e')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#1, line 1, in module
print('\U0001d11e')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'UCS-2' codec can't encode character '\U0001d11e'
in position 0: Non-BMP character not supported in Tk
The message comes from printing to a tk text widget (the IDLE shell),
not from creating the 1 char string. c = '\U0001d11e' works fine. When
you have problems with creating and printing unicode, *separate*
creating from printing to see where the problem is. (I do not know if
the brand new tcl/tk 8.6 is any better.)
The windows console also chokes, but with a different message.
c='\U0001d11e'
print(c)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File C:\Programs\Python33\lib\encodings\cp437.py, line 19, in encode
return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_map)[0]
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\U0001d11e'
in posit
ion 0: character maps to undefined
Yes, this is very annoying, especially in Win 7.
--
Terry Jan Reedy
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: what’s the difference between socket.send() and socket.sendall() ?
Am 07.01.2013 11:35 schrieb iMath: what’s the difference between socket.send() and socket.sendall() ? It is so hard for me to tell the difference between them from the python doc so what is the difference between them ? and each one is suitable for which case ? The docs are your friend. See http://docs.python.org/2/library/socket.html#socket.socket.sendall | [...] Unlike send(), this method continues to send data from string | until either all data has been sent or an error occurs. HTH, Thomas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gangnam Style in line for UK dictionary inclusion
On Monday, January 7, 2013 12:50:00 PM UTC, Constantine wrote: Gangnam Style in line for UK dictionary inclusion http://adf.ly/2836760/news.yahoo.com/gangnam-style-line-uk-dictionary-inclusion-134517741.html And this has to do with python how? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gangnam Style in line for UK dictionary inclusion
On 01/07/2013 08:22 AM, GadgetSteve wrote: On Monday, January 7, 2013 12:50:00 PM UTC, Constantine wrote: Trying to get control: http://AboutToTrashYou.invalid/2892929384736760/news.yahoo.com/Whatever-you-like-it-wont44work134517741.html And this has to do with python how? When replying to obvious spam, please don't quote the original link (unless you thoroughly mangle it). That just doubles the exposure so more people are likely to click there. adfly is a well-known adware virus/trojan/annoyance. People on Windows machines may have to remove the crud it installs. -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Over 30 types of variables available in python ?
So I guess if one *really* wanted to compare C variables to Python variables, you could say that all python variables are of type void* except Python does all mallocs/frees and the casting for you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Over 30 types of variables available in python ?
On 01/07/2013 09:32 AM, marduk wrote: So I guess if one *really* wanted to compare C variables to Python variables, you could say that all python variables are of type void* except Python does all mallocs/frees and the casting for you. A better analogy would be to C++, and all names would be something like shared_ptrobject*. And (except for old-style classes) all actual data is of a type derived from object. -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Over 30 types of variables available in python ?
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 1:45 AM, Dave Angel d...@davea.name wrote: On 01/07/2013 09:32 AM, marduk wrote: So I guess if one *really* wanted to compare C variables to Python variables, you could say that all python variables are of type void* except Python does all mallocs/frees and the casting for you. A better analogy would be to C++, and all names would be something like shared_ptrobject*. And (except for old-style classes) all actual data is of a type derived from object. But yes, a C pointer variable is closest to a Python local, with actual content always stored on the heap. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numpy outlier removal
On 7 January 2013 05:11, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 02:29:27 +, Oscar Benjamin wrote: On 7 January 2013 01:46, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: On Sun, 06 Jan 2013 19:44:08 +, Joseph L. Casale wrote: I'm not sure that this approach is statistically robust. No, let me be even more assertive: I'm sure that this approach is NOT statistically robust, and may be scientifically dubious. Whether or not this is statistically robust requires more explanation about the OP's intention. Not really. Statistics robustness is objectively defined, and the user's intention doesn't come into it. The mean is not a robust measure of central tendency, the median is, regardless of why you pick one or the other. Okay, I see what you mean. I wasn't thinking of robustness as a technical term but now I see that you are correct. Perhaps what I should have said is that whether or not this matters depends on the problem at hand (hopefully this isn't an important medical trial) and the particular type of data that you have; assuming normality is fine in many cases even if the data is not really normal. There are sometimes good reasons for choosing non-robust statistics or techniques over robust ones, but some techniques are so dodgy that there is *never* a good reason for doing so. E.g. finding the line of best fit by eye, or taking more and more samples until you get a statistically significant result. Such techniques are not just non-robust in the statistical sense, but non-robust in the general sense, if not outright deceitful. There are sometimes good reasons to get a line of best fit by eye. In particular if your data contains clusters that are hard to separate, sometimes it's useful to just pick out roughly where you think a line through a subset of the data is. Oscar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: what’s the difference between socket.send() and socket.sendall() ?
On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 18:35:20 +0800, iMath wrote: p class=MsoNormalttspan lang=EN-US style=font-size: 12pt; color: white; background-color: rgb(68, 110, 248); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; what’s the difference between socket/span/span lang=EN-US style=font-size: 12pt; .send() andnbsp;span style=color: white; background-color: rgb(68, 110, 248); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; socket/span.sendall() ?/span/tt /p Please re-send your question as text, instead of as HTML (so-called rich text). Since many people are reading this forum via Usenet, sending HTML is considered abusive. This is a text newsgroup, not a binary newsgroup. If you *must* use a client that sends HTML, please make sure that it ALWAYS sends a plain text version of your message as well. But here are eight reasons you should not rely on fancy formatting (colours, fonts, bold, etc.) in text-based media such as email (or news): - HTML code in email is one of the top 3 signs of spam. Many people send rich text email straight to the trash as a way of eliminating spam. - HTML code in email is a privacy and security risk. For example, that means that the sender can track whether or not you have read the email using web bugs whether or not you consent to being tracked. There are viruses, spyware and other malware that can be transmitted through HTML code in email. For this reason, many people filter HTML email straight to the trash. - HTML code forces your choice in font, font size, colours, etc. on the reader. Some people prefer to read emails using their own choice of font rather than yours, and consider it rude for others to try to force a different font. Sending white text on coloured background is especially nasty, because it hurts readability of even for people with perfect vision. - Even if readers don't mind the use of rich text in principle, in practice once they have received enough emails with pink text on a purple and yellow background with blinking stars and dancing fairies all over the page, in pure self-defence they may disable or delete HTML emails. - Use of colour for emphasis discriminates against the approximately 10% of the male population who are colour-blind. - Use of italics or other formatting may discriminate against those who are blind and using screen readers to read their email. I once was on a maths mailing list for about three years before I realised that the most prolific and helpful person there was as blind as a bat. - Programming is a *text-based* activity. Code depends on WHAT you write, not its colour, or the font you use, or whether there are smiley faces in the background winking at you. So especially in programming circles, many people find HTML code in emails to be a distraction and an annoyance. Being able to express yourself in plain text without colours and fonts is a good practice for any programmer to get used to. - Even if you think that people who dislike HTML emails are wrong, or silly, or being precious, or completely nuts, nevertheless you should indulge us. You are asking for free advice. It does not pay for you to offend or annoy those you are asking for help. (Apologies to anyone on the tutor mailing list who has already seen this message earlier today.) -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numpy outlier removal
On 07/01/2013 15:20, Oscar Benjamin wrote: On 7 January 2013 05:11, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 02:29:27 +, Oscar Benjamin wrote: On 7 January 2013 01:46, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: On Sun, 06 Jan 2013 19:44:08 +, Joseph L. Casale wrote: I'm not sure that this approach is statistically robust. No, let me be even more assertive: I'm sure that this approach is NOT statistically robust, and may be scientifically dubious. Whether or not this is statistically robust requires more explanation about the OP's intention. Not really. Statistics robustness is objectively defined, and the user's intention doesn't come into it. The mean is not a robust measure of central tendency, the median is, regardless of why you pick one or the other. Okay, I see what you mean. I wasn't thinking of robustness as a technical term but now I see that you are correct. Perhaps what I should have said is that whether or not this matters depends on the problem at hand (hopefully this isn't an important medical trial) and the particular type of data that you have; assuming normality is fine in many cases even if the data is not really normal. Having outliers literally means that assuming normality is not fine. If assuming normality were fine, then you wouldn't need to remove outliers. -- Robert Kern I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth. -- Umberto Eco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
When is overriding __getattr__ is useful?
Can someone provide an example why one would want to override __getattr__ and __getattribute__ in a class? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: what’s the difference between socket.send() and socket.sendall() ?
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 2:28 AM, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: I once was on a maths mailing list for about three years before I realised that the most prolific and helpful person there was as blind as a bat. And that, I think, is what s/he would have most wanted: three years (more, most likely) without any sort of special treatment. It's all very well to talk about anti-discrimination laws, but on the internet, nobody knows you're a bat, if I can mangle that expression without offending people. We have some excellent people on a couple of MUDs I'm on who are, similarly, blind and using screen-readers. Again, you don't even know that that's the case until/unless a question comes out about some piece of ASCII art (which there's a very VERY little of in Threshold), or some client-specific question hints at the fact that s/he is using one of the reader-friendly clients (which are fairly ugly to the sighted). As to the use of color for emphasis, though - I don't think the OP used it like that. I've no idea what the significance of white-on-blue words was, there; it completely eludes me. Maybe he was sending a secret message in the color codes? In any case, Steven's eight reasons are absolutely right; when HTML code isn't adding information, it should be stripped, and when it is adding information, you risk a large proportion of people not seeing it. So there's never a good time to use HTML. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Vigil, the eternal morally vigilant programming language
I just came across Vigil, an extension to python for serious software engineers, at https://github.com/munificent/vigil and thought everybody in this group would be interested (sorry if it has been announced before). From README: | Vigil is a very safe programming language, and an entry in the January | 2013 PLT Games competition. | | Many programming languages claim to take testing, contracts and safety | seriously, but only Vigil is truly vigilant about not allowing code | that fails to pass programmatic specifications. Enjoy. -- Alain. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Vigil, the eternal morally vigilant programming language
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 3:01 AM, Alain Ketterlin al...@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr wrote: I just came across Vigil, an extension to python for serious software engineers, at https://github.com/munificent/vigil and thought everybody in this group would be interested (sorry if it has been announced before). It's the logical derivation of the principle that every program, once written, could be shortened by at least one instruction and contains at least one bug. From that, you can deduce that every program can be logically reduced to a single instruction that doesn't work. Vigil assists you with this logical reduction. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with exam task for college
ok after another round of reparations, my update works again and it updates the fuel meter, but i still can't get the view of the spaceship to rotate, for now only the direction the spaceship accelerates when pressing up changes after a rotation, but the spaceship itself keeps pointing up. This is the code for the rotating :p.s : the problem has to be in this code because the update of the view of the position of the spaceship does work. def update(self,dt): self.velocity = self.velocity + (self.acceleration * dt) self.pos = self.pos + self.velocity * dt a = 0 b = 0 if scene.kb.keys: a = a + 0.001 s = scene.kb.getkey() if (s == up): if self.zicht.meter.height != 0: self.velocity = self.velocity + self.gas self.vlam.visible = True b = b + 2 self.zicht.meter.height = self.zicht.meter.height - 0.1 self.zicht.update if (s == left): self.gas = rotate(self.gas,angle = math.pi/10, axis = (0,0,1)) (x,y,z) = self.frame.axis self.frame.axis = (x,y,z-0.1) if (s == right) : self.gas = rotate(self.gas,angle = -(math.pi/10), axis = (0,0,1)) (x,y,z) = self.frame.axis self.frame.axis = (x,y,z+0.1) if (a == 0): self.vlam.visible = False -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to modify this script?
Den 06/01/13 16.12, chaouche yacine skrev: I'm not confident this would run on gedit. It works on a python interpreter if you have a file named data.txt in the same directory containing your sample data. It surely has to do with how gedit works then, because the $ sign isn't used in python, this business should be a gedit convention. And sorry, I can't help on that, I'm not a user of gedit myself. Fortunately others have answered and I beleive one of the solutions worked for you. It does not seem to be the case :-( Thank you for trying to help. *From:* Kurt Hansen kurt@ugyldig.invalid *To:* python-list@python.org *Sent:* Sunday, January 6, 2013 3:21 PM *Subject:* Re: How to modify this script? Den 06/01/13 15.01, chaouche yacine wrote: Well, I'm not answering your question since I am rewriting the script, because I prefer it this way :) def addline(line): return tr%s/tr\n % line [cut] I surpose I shall put your code between $ and ? printed table trtd colspan='3'Price table/td/tr trtd1 /tdtd Green apple /tdtd $1/td/tr trtd5 /tdtd Green apples /tdtd $4/td/tr trtd10 /tdtd Green apples /tdtd $7/td/tr /table Aha, so you tested it yourself? When running this in Gedit on four lines of tab-separated text the output is: %s/tr\n % line def addcolumn(item,nb_columns): if nb_columns != 3: return td colspan='%s'%s/td % (3 - nb_columns + 1, item) return td%s/td % item output = table\n for line in file(data.txt): items = line.strip().split(\t) columns = for item in items : columns += addcolumn(item,len(items)) output += addline(columns) output += /table print output -- Venlig hilsen Kurt Hansen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- Venlig hilsen Kurt Hansen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When is overriding __getattr__ is useful?
On Mon, Jan 7, 2013, at 10:54 AM, Rodrick Brown wrote: Can someone provide an example why one would want to override __getattr__ and __getattribute__ in a class? They're good for cases when you want to provide an attribute-like quality but you don't know the attribute in advance. For example, the xmlrpclib uses __getattr__ to expose XML-RPC methods over the wire when it doesn't necessarily know what methods are exposed by the service. This allows you do simply do service.method(*args) And have the method seem like it's just a local method on an object. There are countless other examples. But that's just one that can be found in the standard library. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with exam task for college
Le 07/01/13 17:22, jeltedepr...@hotmail.com a écrit : ok after another round of reparations, my update works again and it updates the fuel meter, but i still can't get the view of the spaceship to rotate, for now only the direction the spaceship accelerates when pressing up changes after a rotation, but the spaceship itself keeps pointing up. This is the code for the rotating :p.s : the problem has to be in this code because the update of the view of the position of the spaceship does work. def update(self,dt): self.velocity = self.velocity + (self.acceleration * dt) self.pos = self.pos + self.velocity * dt a = 0 b = 0 if scene.kb.keys: a = a + 0.001 s = scene.kb.getkey() if (s == up): if self.zicht.meter.height != 0: self.velocity = self.velocity + self.gas self.vlam.visible = True b = b + 2 self.zicht.meter.height = self.zicht.meter.height - 0.1 self.zicht.update if (s == left): self.gas = rotate(self.gas,angle = math.pi/10, axis = (0,0,1)) (x,y,z) = self.frame.axis self.frame.axis = (x,y,z-0.1) if (s == right) : self.gas = rotate(self.gas,angle = -(math.pi/10), axis = (0,0,1)) (x,y,z) = self.frame.axis self.frame.axis = (x,y,z+0.1) if (a == 0): self.vlam.visible = False Are you sure with this code: (x,y,z) = self.frame.axis ? frame.axis is a 'cvisual.vector' and this unpacking cause a program crashes with a segfault. For left-rigth moves of the LEM, this code seems works: -- if scene.kb.keys: key = scene.kb.getkey() if key == left: # Set left deviation self.frame.axis -= (0, 0, 0.05) self.gas = vector(-sin(self.angle), cos(self.angle)) elif key == right: # Set right deviation self.frame.axis += (0, 0, 0.05) self.gas = vector(sin(self.angle), cos(self.angle)) elif key == up: self.deviate() def deviate(self): # Set modified velocity self.frame.velocity += self.gas self.frame.pos += self.frame.velocity # Reset falling velocity self.frame.velocity -= self.gas -- with angle = PI / 2.0 -- Vincent V.V. Oqapy https://launchpad.net/oqapy . Qarte https://launchpad.net/qarte . PaQager https://launchpad.net/paqager -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
help
download wxpython but whenever I try to use it I get this I’m a beginner in python pls I need help. Traceback (most recent call last): File C:/Python27/wxp.py, line 1, in module import wx File C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\__init__.py, line 45, in module from wx._core import * File C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\_core.py, line 4, in module import _core_ ImportError: DLL load failed: %1 is not a valid Win32 application.-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to modify this script?
Kurt Hansen wrote:
To convert tab-separated text lines into a HTML-table:
As you apparently didn't receive answers that worked for you I tried to
get what you want to work and test it in Gedit. Here's the result:
$
lines = $GEDIT_SELECTED_TEXT.split(\n);
output = 'table\\n';
max_columns = 0
for line in lines:
col_count = len(line.split(\t))
if col_count \ max_columns:
max_columns = col_count
for line in lines:
if line == '':
continue
output += 'tr\';
columns = line.split(\t);
if len(columns) == 1:
output += ('td colspan=%s\' % max_columns) + line +
'/td\/tr\\n'
continue
for item in columns:
output += 'td\' + item + '/td\'
output += '/tr\\n';
output += '/table\';
return output
(Watch out for line wraps! I don't know how to stop Thunderbird from
inserting them.)
It really isn't all that difficult. The code determines the (maximum)
number of columns present. It then processes each line; if one is found
with exactly one column (i.e., no tabs), it applies a colspan equal to
the maximum number of columns. This works for your test and similar data.
As I said, this is copy/pasted from a working Gedit snippet. If it works
for you, I'd try experimenting a bit -- what should happen when the
number of columns is larger than 1 but less than the maximum?
Programming isn't magic. You might start enjoying it.
HTH,
Gertjan.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[Offtopic] Line fitting [was Re: Numpy outlier removal]
On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 15:20:57 +, Oscar Benjamin wrote: There are sometimes good reasons to get a line of best fit by eye. In particular if your data contains clusters that are hard to separate, sometimes it's useful to just pick out roughly where you think a line through a subset of the data is. Cherry picking subsets of your data as well as line fitting by eye? Two wrongs do not make a right. If you're going to just invent a line based on where you think it should be, what do you need the data for? Just declare this is the line I wish to believe in and save yourself the time and energy of collecting the data in the first place. Your conclusion will be no less valid. How do you distinguish between data contains clusters that are hard to separate from data doesn't fit a line at all? Even if the data actually is linear, on what basis could we distinguish between the line you fit by eye (say) y = 2.5x + 3.7, and the line I fit by eye (say) y = 3.1x + 4.1? The line you assert on the basis of purely subjective judgement can be equally denied on the basis of subjective judgement. Anyone can fool themselves into placing a line through a subset of non- linear data. Or, sadly more often, *deliberately* cherry picking fake clusters in order to fool others. Here is a real world example of what happens when people pick out the data clusters that they like based on visual inspection: http://www.skepticalscience.com/images/TempEscalator.gif And not linear by any means, but related to the cherry picking theme: http://www.skepticalscience.com/pics/1_ArcticEscalator2012.gif To put it another way, when we fit patterns to data by eye, we can easily fool ourselves into seeing patterns that aren't there, or missing the patterns which are there. At best line fitting by eye is prone to honest errors; at worst, it is open to the most deliberate abuse. We have eyes and brains that evolved to spot the ripe fruit in trees, not to spot linear trends in noisy data, and fitting by eye is not safe or appropriate. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
test failed: test_urlwithfrag
Dear python team,I never used python before and installed it today the first time, so I have no idea what to do about this failure: ./python -m test -v test_urlwithfrag== CPython 3.3.0 (default, Jan 4 2013, 23:08:00) [GCC 4.6.3]== Linux-3.2.0-35-generic-pae-i686-with-debian-wheezy-sid little-endian== /home/me/Programme/Python/Python-3.3.0/build/test_python_30744Testing with flags: sys.flags(debug=0, inspect=0, interactive=0, optimize=0, dont_write_bytecode=0, no_user_site=0, no_site=0, ignore_environment=0, verbose=0, bytes_warning=0, quiet=0, hash_randomization=1)[1/1] test_urlwithfragtest test_urlwithfrag crashed -- Traceback (most recent call last): File /home/me/Programme/Python/Python-3.3.0/Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 1213, in runtest_inner the_package = __import__(abstest, globals(), locals(), [])ImportError: No module named test.test_urlwithfrag1 test failed: test_urlwithfragIf you need more information, please tell me. It would be very great if you could help me. Thank you in advance.Elli Meisner -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
OT: local technical community portals
For the Minneapolis/St. Paul area of Minnesota, there is a technical community portal at http://tech.mn/. You'll see that this portal has links to user groups, networking events, jobs, etc. No, I didn't start this thread to tout this site. MY QUESTION: What are the local technical community portals for other places, such as Chicago, Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, San Diego, Dallas, Atlanta, Boston, etc.? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
I'm looking for a Junior level Django job (telecommute)
I'm looking for a Junior level Django job (telecommute) About me: - less than year of experience with Python/Django - Intermediate knowledge of Python/Django - Experience with Linux - Experience with Django ORM - Passion for developing high-quality software and Python language - I am able to use many aplications, for example (south, mptt, django-debug-toolbar etc.) - English: communicative, still learning I would like to develop my qualifications I can be reached anytime via email at dreampr...@gmail.com Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 10:35 AM, kwakukwat...@gmail.com wrote: download wxpython but whenever I try to use it I get this I’m a beginner in python pls I need help. ImportError: DLL load failed: %1 is not a valid Win32 application. Did you download the 64-bit version on a 32-bit system? Chris Angelico -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Offtopic] Line fitting [was Re: Numpy outlier removal]
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 4:58 AM, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: Anyone can fool themselves into placing a line through a subset of non- linear data. Or, sadly more often, *deliberately* cherry picking fake clusters in order to fool others. Here is a real world example of what happens when people pick out the data clusters that they like based on visual inspection: http://www.skepticalscience.com/images/TempEscalator.gif And sensible people will notice that, even drawn like that, it's only a ~0.6 deg increase across ~30 years. Hardly statistically significant, given that weather patterns have been known to follow cycles at least that long. But that's nothing to do with drawing lines through points, and more to do with how much data you collect before you announce a conclusion, and how easily a graph can prove any point you like. Statistical analysis is a huge science. So is lying. And I'm not sure most people can pick one from the other. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Engineering Vibration 3rd Ed by Inman
I have solutions manuals to all problems and exercises in these textbooks. To get one in an electronic format contact me at: kalvinmanual(at)gmail(dot)com and let me know its title, author and edition. Please this service is NOT free. INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Algebra and Its Applications 3rd ed by David C. Lay INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Algebra Done Right, 2nd Ed by Sheldon Axler INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Algebra with Applications (6th Ed., S. Leon) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Algebra with Applications 3rd Ed by Otto Bretscher INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Algebra With Applications, 2nd Edition by W. Keith Nicholson INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Circuit Analysis Time Domain, Phasor and Laplace.., 2nd Ed, Lin INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Circuit Analysis, 2nd Ed by DeCarlo , Pen-Min Lin INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear dynamic systems and signals by Zoran Gajic INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Linear Systems And Signals, 1stE, B P Lathi INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Machine Design : An Integrated Approach (3rd Ed., Norton) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Machines and Mechanisms - Applied Kinematic Analysis, 3E by David H. Myszka INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Managerial Accounting 11th Ed by Garrison Noreen INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Managerial Accounting 13th E by Garrison, Noreen, Brewer INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Managing Business and Professional Communication 2nd ed Carley H. Dodd INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Managing Business Process Flows: Principles of Operations Management(2nd Ed., Anupind, Chopra, Deshmukh, et al) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Managing Engineering and Technology (4th, Morse Babcock) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials (5th Ed. Kalpakjian Smith) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Materials - engineering, science, properties, and design INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th Ed., E. Paul DeGarmo, J. T. Black,Kohser) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers 3rd ED by Mamlouk, Zaniewski INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Materials Science and Engineering- An Introduction ( 7th Ed., William D. Callister, Jr.) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Materials Science and Engineering- An Introduction (6th Ed., William D. Callister, Jr.) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: MATH 1010 - Applied Finite Mathematics by D.W. Trim INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematical Analysis, Second Edition by Tom M. Apostol INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematical Methods for Physicists 5 Ed, Arfken INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, (3rd Ed., Riley,Hobson) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences; 3 edition by Mary L. Boas INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematical Models in Biology An Introduction (Elizabeth S. Allman John A. Rhodes) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematical Proofs - A Transition to Advanced Mathematics 2nd Ed by Chartrand, Polimeni, Zhang INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematical Techniques 4th ED by D W Jordan P Smith INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematics for Economists, by Carl P. Simon , Lawrence E. Blume INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematics for Management Science - A Bridging Course by Tulett INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mathematics for Physicists by Susan Lea INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Matrix Analysis and Applied Linear Algebra by Meyer INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Matter and Interactions, 3rd Ed by Chabay, Sherwood INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Calculus Advanced Function by Dearling, Erdman, et all INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanical Engineering Design 8th Ed by Shigley Budynas INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanical Engineering Design 9th Ed by Shigley Budynas INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanical Engineering Design, 7th Ed. by Mischke, Shigley INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanical Measurements (6th Ed., Beckwith, Marangoni Lienhard) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanical Vibrations ( Vol.1) 4th Ed., Rao INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanical Vibrations (3rd Ed., Rao) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanical Vibrations 4th Ed SI Units by Rao INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Aircraft Structures, 2nd Ed by Sun INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Fluids (8th Ed., Massey) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Fluids 3rd ED Vol 1 by Merle C. Potter INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Materials 5 edition by James M. Gere INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Materials (6th Ed., Riley, Sturges Morris) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Materials 4 E by Russell C. Hibbeler INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Materials 4th Ed by Beer Johnston INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Mechanics of Materials 8th E by Russell C. Hibbeler INSTRUCTOR
Searching through two logfiles in parallel?
Hi, I'm trying to compare two logfiles in Python. One logfile will have lines recording the message being sent: 05:00:06 Message sent - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9 the other logfile has line recording the message being received 05:00:09 Message received - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9 The goal is to compare the time stamp between the two - we can safely assume the timestamp on the message being received is later than the timestamp on transmission. If it was a direct line-by-line, I could probably use itertools.izip(), right? However, it's not a direct line-by-line comparison of the two files - the lines I'm looking for are interspersed among other loglines, and the time difference between sending/receiving is quite variable. So the idea is to iterate through the sending logfile - then iterate through the receiving logfile from that timestamp forwards, looking for the matching pair. Obviously I want to minimise the amount of back-forth through the file. Also, there is a chance that certain messages could get lost - so I assume there's a threshold after which I want to give up searching for the matching received message, and then just try to resync to the next sent message. Is there a Pythonic way, or some kind of idiom that I can use to approach this problem? Cheers, Victor -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Offtopic] Line fitting [was Re: Numpy outlier removal]
On 7 January 2013 17:58, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 15:20:57 +, Oscar Benjamin wrote: There are sometimes good reasons to get a line of best fit by eye. In particular if your data contains clusters that are hard to separate, sometimes it's useful to just pick out roughly where you think a line through a subset of the data is. Cherry picking subsets of your data as well as line fitting by eye? Two wrongs do not make a right. It depends on what you're doing, though. I wouldn't use an eyeball fit to get numbers that were an important part of the conclusion of some or other study. I would very often use it while I'm just in the process of trying to understand something. If you're going to just invent a line based on where you think it should be, what do you need the data for? Just declare this is the line I wish to believe in and save yourself the time and energy of collecting the data in the first place. Your conclusion will be no less valid. An example: Earlier today I was looking at some experimental data. A simple model of the process underlying the experiment suggests that two variables x and y will vary in direct proportion to one another and the data broadly reflects this. However, at this stage there is some non-normal variability in the data, caused by experimental difficulties. A subset of the data appears to closely follow a well defined linear pattern but there are outliers and the pattern breaks down in an asymmetric way at larger x and y values. At some later time either the sources of experimental variation will be reduced, or they will be better understood but for now it is still useful to estimate the constant of proportionality in order to check whether it seems consistent with the observed values of z. With this particular dataset I would have wasted a lot of time if I had tried to find a computational method to match the line that to me was very visible so I chose the line visually. How do you distinguish between data contains clusters that are hard to separate from data doesn't fit a line at all? In the example I gave it isn't possible to make that distinction with the currently available data. That doesn't make it meaningless to try and estimate the parameters of the relationship between the variables using the preliminary data. Even if the data actually is linear, on what basis could we distinguish between the line you fit by eye (say) y = 2.5x + 3.7, and the line I fit by eye (say) y = 3.1x + 4.1? The line you assert on the basis of purely subjective judgement can be equally denied on the basis of subjective judgement. It gets a bit easier if the line is constrained to go through the origin. You seem to be thinking that the important thing is proving that the line is real, rather than identifying where it is. Both things are important but not necessarily in the same problem. In my example, the real line may not be straight and may not go through the origin, but it is definitely there and if there were no experimental problems then the data would all be very close to it. Anyone can fool themselves into placing a line through a subset of non- linear data. Or, sadly more often, *deliberately* cherry picking fake clusters in order to fool others. Here is a real world example of what happens when people pick out the data clusters that they like based on visual inspection: http://www.skepticalscience.com/images/TempEscalator.gif And not linear by any means, but related to the cherry picking theme: http://www.skepticalscience.com/pics/1_ArcticEscalator2012.gif To put it another way, when we fit patterns to data by eye, we can easily fool ourselves into seeing patterns that aren't there, or missing the patterns which are there. At best line fitting by eye is prone to honest errors; at worst, it is open to the most deliberate abuse. We have eyes and brains that evolved to spot the ripe fruit in trees, not to spot linear trends in noisy data, and fitting by eye is not safe or appropriate. This is all true. But the human brain is also in many ways much better than a typical computer program at recognising patterns in data when the data can be depicted visually. I would very rarely attempt to analyse data without representing it in some visual form. I also think it would be highly foolish to go so far with refusing to eyeball data that you would accept the output of some regression algorithm even when it clearly looks wrong. Oscar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Searching through two logfiles in parallel?
On 7 January 2013 22:10, Victor Hooi victorh...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi,
I'm trying to compare two logfiles in Python.
One logfile will have lines recording the message being sent:
05:00:06 Message sent - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
the other logfile has line recording the message being received
05:00:09 Message received - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
The goal is to compare the time stamp between the two - we can safely assume
the timestamp on the message being received is later than the timestamp on
transmission.
If it was a direct line-by-line, I could probably use itertools.izip(), right?
However, it's not a direct line-by-line comparison of the two files - the
lines I'm looking for are interspersed among other loglines, and the time
difference between sending/receiving is quite variable.
So the idea is to iterate through the sending logfile - then iterate through
the receiving logfile from that timestamp forwards, looking for the matching
pair. Obviously I want to minimise the amount of back-forth through the file.
Also, there is a chance that certain messages could get lost - so I assume
there's a threshold after which I want to give up searching for the matching
received message, and then just try to resync to the next sent message.
Is there a Pythonic way, or some kind of idiom that I can use to approach
this problem?
Assuming that you can impose a maximum time between the send and
recieve timestamps, something like the following might work
(untested):
def find_matching(logfile1, logfile2, maxdelta):
buf = {}
logfile2 = iter(logfile2)
for msg1 in logfile1:
if msg1.key in buf:
yield msg1, buf.pop(msg1.key)
continue
maxtime = msg1.time + maxdelta
for msg2 in logfile2:
if msg2.key == msg1.key:
yield msg1, msg2
break
buf[msg2.key] = msg2
if msg2.time maxtime:
break
else:
yield msg1, 'No match'
Oscar
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help
On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 12:37 PM, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 10:35 AM, kwakukwat...@gmail.com wrote: download wxpython but whenever I try to use it I get this I’m a beginner in python pls I need help. ImportError: DLL load failed: %1 is not a valid Win32 application. Did you download the 64-bit version on a 32-bit system? Or perhaps a 32-bit wxPython version with a 64-bit Python installation? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: test failed: test_urlwithfrag
On 7-1-2013 19:26, Elli Lola wrote: I never used python before and installed it today the first time, so I have no idea what to do about this failure: $ ./python -m test -v test_urlwithfrag [..snip..] ImportError: No module named 'test.test_urlwithfrag' 1 test failed: test_urlwithfrag The error message says it all, really: there is no regression test module called test_urlwithfrag. (At least, not on my python 3.3 installation) Check the contents of your python-install-dir/Lib/test directory to see what is available instead. Irmen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Searching through two logfiles in parallel?
Hi Oscar,
Thanks for the quick reply =).
I'm trying to understand your code properly, and it seems like for each line in
logfile1, we loop through all of logfile2?
The idea was that it would remember it's position in logfile2 as well - since
we can assume that the loglines are in chronological order - we only need to
search forwards in logfile2 each time, not from the beginning each time.
So for example - logfile1:
05:00:06 Message sent - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
05:00:08 Message sent - Value A: 3.3, Value B: 4.3, Value C: 2.3
05:00:14 Message sent - Value A: 1.0, Value B: 0.4, Value C: 5.4
logfile2:
05:00:09 Message received - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
05:00:12 Message received - Value A: 3.3, Value B: 4.3, Value C: 2.3
05:00:15 Message received - Value A: 1.0, Value B: 0.4, Value C: 5.4
The idea is that I'd iterate through logfile 1 - I'd get the 05:00:06 logline -
I'd search through logfile2 and find the 05:00:09 logline.
Then, back in logline1 I'd find the next logline at 05:00:08. Then in logfile2,
instead of searching back from the beginning, I'd start from the next line,
which happens to be 5:00:12.
In reality, I'd need to handle missing messages in logfile2, but that's the
general idea.
Does that make sense? (There's also a chance I've misunderstood your buf code,
and it does do this - in that case, I apologies - is there any chance you could
explain it please?)
Cheers,
Victor
On Tuesday, 8 January 2013 09:58:36 UTC+11, Oscar Benjamin wrote:
On 7 January 2013 22:10, Victor Hooi victorh...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi,
I'm trying to compare two logfiles in Python.
One logfile will have lines recording the message being sent:
05:00:06 Message sent - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
the other logfile has line recording the message being received
05:00:09 Message received - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
The goal is to compare the time stamp between the two - we can safely
assume the timestamp on the message being received is later than the
timestamp on transmission.
If it was a direct line-by-line, I could probably use itertools.izip(),
right?
However, it's not a direct line-by-line comparison of the two files - the
lines I'm looking for are interspersed among other loglines, and the time
difference between sending/receiving is quite variable.
So the idea is to iterate through the sending logfile - then iterate
through the receiving logfile from that timestamp forwards, looking for the
matching pair. Obviously I want to minimise the amount of back-forth
through the file.
Also, there is a chance that certain messages could get lost - so I assume
there's a threshold after which I want to give up searching for the
matching received message, and then just try to resync to the next sent
message.
Is there a Pythonic way, or some kind of idiom that I can use to approach
this problem?
Assuming that you can impose a maximum time between the send and
recieve timestamps, something like the following might work
(untested):
def find_matching(logfile1, logfile2, maxdelta):
buf = {}
logfile2 = iter(logfile2)
for msg1 in logfile1:
if msg1.key in buf:
yield msg1, buf.pop(msg1.key)
continue
maxtime = msg1.time + maxdelta
for msg2 in logfile2:
if msg2.key == msg1.key:
yield msg1, msg2
break
buf[msg2.key] = msg2
if msg2.time maxtime:
break
else:
yield msg1, 'No match'
Oscar
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Searching through two logfiles in parallel?
On 7 January 2013 23:41, Victor Hooi victorh...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi Oscar,
Thanks for the quick reply =).
I'm trying to understand your code properly, and it seems like for each line
in logfile1, we loop through all of logfile2?
No we don't. It iterates once through both files but keeps a buffer of
lines that are within maxdelta time of the current message.
The important line is the line that calls iter(logfile2). Since
logfile2 is replaced by an iterator when we break out of the inner for
loop and then re-enter our place in the iterator is saved. If you can
follow the interactive session below it should make sense:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
for x in a:
...print x,
...
1 2 3 4 5
for x in a:
...print x,
...
1 2 3 4 5
it = iter(a)
next(it)
1
for x in it:
... print x,
...
2 3 4 5
next(it)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
StopIteration
for x in it:
... print x,
...
it = iter(a)
for x in it:
... print x,
... if x == 2: break
...
1 2
for x in it:
... print x,
...
3 4 5
I'll repeat the code (with a slight fix):
def find_matching(logfile1, logfile2, maxdelta):
buf = {}
logfile2 = iter(logfile2)
for msg1 in logfile1:
if msg1.key in buf:
yield msg1, buf.pop(msg1.key)
continue
maxtime = msg1.time + maxdelta
for msg2 in logfile2:
if msg2.key == msg1.key:
yield msg1, msg2
break
buf[msg2.key] = msg2
if msg2.time maxtime:
yield msg1, 'No match'
break
else:
yield msg1, 'No match'
Oscar
The idea was that it would remember it's position in logfile2 as well - since
we can assume that the loglines are in chronological order - we only need to
search forwards in logfile2 each time, not from the beginning each time.
So for example - logfile1:
05:00:06 Message sent - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
05:00:08 Message sent - Value A: 3.3, Value B: 4.3, Value C: 2.3
05:00:14 Message sent - Value A: 1.0, Value B: 0.4, Value C: 5.4
logfile2:
05:00:09 Message received - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
05:00:12 Message received - Value A: 3.3, Value B: 4.3, Value C: 2.3
05:00:15 Message received - Value A: 1.0, Value B: 0.4, Value C: 5.4
The idea is that I'd iterate through logfile 1 - I'd get the 05:00:06 logline
- I'd search through logfile2 and find the 05:00:09 logline.
Then, back in logline1 I'd find the next logline at 05:00:08. Then in
logfile2, instead of searching back from the beginning, I'd start from the
next line, which happens to be 5:00:12.
In reality, I'd need to handle missing messages in logfile2, but that's the
general idea.
Does that make sense? (There's also a chance I've misunderstood your buf
code, and it does do this - in that case, I apologies - is there any chance
you could explain it please?)
Cheers,
Victor
On Tuesday, 8 January 2013 09:58:36 UTC+11, Oscar Benjamin wrote:
On 7 January 2013 22:10, Victor Hooi victorh...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi,
I'm trying to compare two logfiles in Python.
One logfile will have lines recording the message being sent:
05:00:06 Message sent - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
the other logfile has line recording the message being received
05:00:09 Message received - Value A: 5.6, Value B: 6.2, Value C: 9.9
The goal is to compare the time stamp between the two - we can safely
assume the timestamp on the message being received is later than the
timestamp on transmission.
If it was a direct line-by-line, I could probably use itertools.izip(),
right?
However, it's not a direct line-by-line comparison of the two files - the
lines I'm looking for are interspersed among other loglines, and the time
difference between sending/receiving is quite variable.
So the idea is to iterate through the sending logfile - then iterate
through the receiving logfile from that timestamp forwards, looking for
the matching pair. Obviously I want to minimise the amount of back-forth
through the file.
Also, there is a chance that certain messages could get lost - so I assume
there's a threshold after which I want to give up searching for the
matching received message, and then just try to resync to the next sent
message.
Is there a Pythonic way, or some kind of idiom that I can use to approach
this problem?
Assuming that you can impose a maximum time between the send and
recieve timestamps, something like the following might work
(untested):
def find_matching(logfile1, logfile2, maxdelta):
buf = {}
logfile2 = iter(logfile2)
for msg1 in logfile1:
if msg1.key in buf:
yield msg1, buf.pop(msg1.key)
continue
maxtime = msg1.time + maxdelta
for msg2 in logfile2:
Calculate Big Number
Hello, How to *quickly* calculate large numbers. For example (10**25) * (2**50) 11258999068426240L Regards. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to implement mouse gesture by python or pyqt ?
It would be better to give me some examples .thanks in advance ! P.S. which module or lib are needed ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
On 8 January 2013 00:44, Nac Temha nacctte...@gmail.com wrote: Hello, How to quickly calculate large numbers. For example (10**25) * (2**50) 11258999068426240L I just tested that line in the interpreter and it ran so quickly it seemed instantaneous (maybe my computer is faster than yours). Perhaps you could provide more of an explanation about what isn't fast enough and why? Oscar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Electrodynamics 2nd edition by John David Jackson
I have solutions manuals to all problems and exercises in these textbooks. To get one in an electronic format contact me at: kalvinmanual(at)gmail(dot)com and let me know its title, author and edition. Please this service is NOT free. INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus 8th Edition by Varberg, Purcell, Rigdon INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus - Early Transcendentals, 6th E, by Anton, Bivens, Davis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus - Early Transcendentals, 7E, by Anton, Bivens, Davis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus - Late Transcendentals Single Variable, 8th Ed by Anton, Bivens, Davis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus ( 9th Ed., Dale Varberg, Edwin Purcell Steve Rigdon) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus 2nd edition-M. Spivak INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus 3rd Ed by Michael Spivak INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus 6th ed by James Stewart INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus 8th Ed by Ron Larson, Robert P. Hostetler, Bruce H. Edwards INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus A Complete Course 6th Edition by by R.A. Adams INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: CALCULUS An Intuitive and Physical Approach 2nd ed by Morris Kline INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus and its Applications (11th Ed., Larry J Goldstein, Schneider, Lay Asmar) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus by Gilbert Strang INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus early transcendentals 8th Ed, by Anton Bivens Davis INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus Early Transcendentals, 5th Edition, JAMES STEWART INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus George Thomas 10th ed Vol 1 INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus of Variations MA 4311 LECTURE NOTES ( Russak ) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus On Manifolds by Spivak INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus One Several Variables 8e by S Salas INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus Vol 2 by Apostol INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus Volume 1 by J. Marsden, A. Weinstein INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus With Analytic Geometry 4th ( Henry Edwards David E. Penney) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus with Applications 8 Edition by Lial, Greenwell, Ritchey INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus, 4th edition stewart INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus, An Applied Approach, 7E, by Larson INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus, Early Transcendentals 7 Ed by Edwards Penney INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus, Single and Multivariable, 4E.,Vol 1 Vol 2 by Hughes-Hallett,McCallum INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Calculus, Single Variable, 3E by Hughes-Hallett,McCallum INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics 3Ed by Stanley I. Sandler INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Chemical Engineering Design (Coulson Richardson's Chemical Engineering - Volume 6) - (4th Ed., Sinnott) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Chemical Engineering Volume 1, 6th Edition, by Richardson, Coulson,Backhurst, Harker INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Chemical, Biochemical, and Engineering Thermodynamics, 4th Ed by Sandler INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Chemistry 2nd Edition Vol.1 by Julia Burdge INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Chemistry, 10th Ed by Chang INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Chip Design for Submicron VLSI CMOS Layout and Simulation, John P. Uyemura INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Cisco Technical Solution Series IP Telephony Solution Guide Version 2.0 INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 5th Ed, by Marion, Thornton INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Dynamics, A Contemporary Approach (Jorge V. Jose) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Electrodynamics 2nd edition by John David Jackson INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Electrodynamics by John David Jackson INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Electrodynamics by Kasper Van Wijk INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Mechanics (Douglas Gregory) INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Classical Mechanics 2nd Ed by Goldstein INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 2ed by Phillip E. Allen, Douglas R. Holberg INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: CMOS- Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation, Revised 2nd Ed by R. Jacob Baker INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Cmos Digital Integrated Circuits , Sung-Mo Kang,Yusuf Leblebici INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: CMOS Mixed-Signal Circuit Design, 2nd Ed by R. Jacob Baker INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: CMOS VLSI Design Circuit Design Perspective 3rd Ed by Haris West INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: College Algebra 8th Ed by Michael Sullivan INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: COLLEGE ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY 6th E by Aufmann, Barker, Verity INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: College Geometry A Discovery Approach 2nd E by David Kay INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: College Physics 8 ED by Serway, Faughn, Vuille INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: College Physics 9 ED by Serway, Faughn, Vuille INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL :: Communication Networks, 2e, Alberto Leon-Garcia,
Re: Ubuntu Python -dbg packages
Ok, so now I tried python3.3-dbg but I don't think the pyqt modules are compiled for 3.3 and that may be preventing the import there. Those extension modules would need to be compiled for an exactly matching python interpreter, right? For Windows visual C compiler, that is true. I do not know about gcc on *nix. I have gotten the impression that it is not necessarily so, except as the C api has changed in a way that affects the extension library. (Given that 3.3 is 3 months old, after 6 months of alpha/beta releases, and has some major improvements, it is past time for libraries that need recompiling to be so.) Well... lets just say that with the ubuntu python3.3 package it doesn't work: $ python3.3 Python 3.3.0 (default, Sep 29 2012, 17:17:45) [GCC 4.7.2] on linux Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import PyQt4 import PyQt4.QtCore Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module ImportError: No module named 'PyQt4.QtCore' [plus a whole other problem...] Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py, line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py, line 4, in module from apport.report import Report File /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/report.py, line 30, in module import apport.fileutils File /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/fileutils.py, line 23, in module from apport.packaging_impl import impl as packaging File /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/packaging_impl.py, line 20, in module import apt File /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py, line 21, in module import apt_pkg ImportError: No module named 'apt_pkg' Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module ImportError: No module named 'PyQt4.QtCore' So, python3-dbg _should_ be able to import this? Given that python3 and python3-dbg import the same PyQt4 file, and that you spell PyQt4.QtCore the same (I checked), I am as surprised as you. Ok. I will file a Ubuntu bug report. import test.test_imp as t; t.test_main() This does not work for me: $ python3 Python 3.2.3 (default, Oct 19 2012, 19:53:57) [GCC 4.7.2] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import test test.test_imp Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'test_imp' $ python3.3 Python 3.3.0 (default, Sep 29 2012, 17:17:45) [GCC 4.7.2] on linux Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import test test.test_imp Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'test_imp' [plus that whole Error in sys.excepthook thing too...] Should this be another bug report for the ubuntu packages? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Difference between these two lists?
Hi,
Python newbie here again - this is probably a quick one. What's the difference
between the lines I've numbered 1. and 2. below, which produce the following
results:
Results:
1. [ANG, BAR, BPK, CTN, QGH, QHD, KXX]
2. ['ANG', 'BAR', 'BPK', 'CTN', 'QGH', 'QHD', 'KXX']
Code:
cursor_from.execute('SELECT * FROM tubestations LIMIT 1000')
stn_list_short = []
for row in cursor_from:
if row[4]:
# Station values for database
stn_list_short.append(row[5])
1. print stn_fields = '[%s]' % ', '.join(map(str, stn_list_short))
2. print stn_list_short
Thanks!
Andy
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Difference between these two lists?
I think I can answer my own question on reflection the first one is actually a string I think? I was confused by the square brackets around the placeholder %s. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
On 01/07/13 18:44, Nac Temha wrote: How to *quickly* calculate large numbers. For example (10**25) * (2**50) 11258999068426240L that's how...just do the math. For any other sort of answer, you'd have to clarify your question. On my laptop, that operation came back as quickly as I could press enter -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Difference between these two lists?
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 12:00 PM, andydtay...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, Python newbie here again - this is probably a quick one. What's the difference between the lines I've numbered 1. and 2. below, which produce the following results: 1. print stn_fields = '[%s]' % ', '.join(map(str, stn_list_short)) 2. print stn_list_short Your first line explicitly joins the strings with commas; the second implicitly calls repr() on the whole list, which does its best to produce a valid Python literal. Check out the docs on repr() for the details on that; you'll see different results depending on the content of the strings, but at very least they'll always be quoted. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Difference between these two lists?
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 12:06 PM, andydtay...@gmail.com wrote: I think I can answer my own question on reflection the first one is actually a string I think? I was confused by the square brackets around the placeholder %s. That's correct. Your first line is putting square brackets around a comma-joined list of strings; the second gives the representation of a list. They happen to be superficially similar. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
Thanks for reply. I wonder how quickly calculate big numbers. Can you explain me as theoretical? Because this numbers overflow size of integer and double. On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 3:08 AM, Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.comwrote: On 01/07/13 18:44, Nac Temha wrote: How to *quickly* calculate large numbers. For example (10**25) * (2**50) 112589990684262400**000L that's how...just do the math. For any other sort of answer, you'd have to clarify your question. On my laptop, that operation came back as quickly as I could press enter -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Difference between these two lists?
In article 700d2bd9-e1df-4d38-81c7-77029a36c...@googlegroups.com,
andydtay...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi,
Python newbie here again - this is probably a quick one. What's the
difference between the lines I've numbered 1. and 2. below, which produce the
following results:
Results:
1. [ANG, BAR, BPK, CTN, QGH, QHD, KXX]
2. ['ANG', 'BAR', 'BPK', 'CTN', 'QGH', 'QHD', 'KXX']
Code:
cursor_from.execute('SELECT * FROM tubestations LIMIT 1000')
stn_list_short = []
for row in cursor_from:
if row[4]:
# Station values for database
stn_list_short.append(row[5])
1. print stn_fields = '[%s]' % ', '.join(map(str, stn_list_short))
2. print stn_list_short
Hi Andy,
You should try to reduce this down to some minimal test case. In this
case, the database code has nothing to do with it, it's purely a matter
of how a list of strings is printed.
When you print a list, the repr() of each list element is printed. The
repr() of a string includes quotes. For example:
print str(foo)
foo
print repr(foo)
'foo'
I'm not sure what map(str, stn_list_short) is all about. I'm assuming
stn_list_short is already a string, so that's a no-op.
In general, the best way to ask about code is to cut-and-paste the exact
code that you ran. You didn't run:
1. print stn_fields = '[%s]' % ', '.join(map(str, stn_list_short))
2. print stn_list_short
because those are syntax errors. I understand you were just trying to
annotate your code to make it easier to explain. A better way to do
that would be to comment your code, something like:
print stn_fields = '[%s]' % ', '.join(map(str, stn_list_short)) # line 1
print stn_list_short # line 2
Now you've got something which runs, and can be cut-and-pasted
unmodified into your posting. That reduces the chance of confusion.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Difference between these two lists?
On 01/07/2013 08:00 PM, andydtay...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi,
Python newbie here again - this is probably a quick one. What's the
difference between the lines I've numbered 1. and 2. below, which produce the
following results:
Results:
1. [ANG, BAR, BPK, CTN, QGH, QHD, KXX]
2. ['ANG', 'BAR', 'BPK', 'CTN', 'QGH', 'QHD', 'KXX']
Code:
cursor_from.execute('SELECT * FROM tubestations LIMIT 1000')
stn_list_short = []
for row in cursor_from:
if row[4]:
# Station values for database
stn_list_short.append(row[5])
1. print stn_fields = '[%s]' % ', '.join(map(str, stn_list_short))
2. print stn_list_short
#2 is easy. it's just the standard way a list prints itself. It puts
brackets at begin and end, and then calls repr() on each of the
elements. Since those elements are str objects, each gets quotes around
it. Then the list logic adds commas and puts it all together.
In #1, you're doing it by hand. If you wanted the same result, you'd
have to map the repr, not the str value of each item.
(untested)
.join(map(repr, stn_list_short)
--
DaveA
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Offtopic] Line fitting [was Re: Numpy outlier removal]
On Mon, 07 Jan 2013 22:32:54 +, Oscar Benjamin wrote: An example: Earlier today I was looking at some experimental data. A simple model of the process underlying the experiment suggests that two variables x and y will vary in direct proportion to one another and the data broadly reflects this. However, at this stage there is some non-normal variability in the data, caused by experimental difficulties. A subset of the data appears to closely follow a well defined linear pattern but there are outliers and the pattern breaks down in an asymmetric way at larger x and y values. At some later time either the sources of experimental variation will be reduced, or they will be better understood but for now it is still useful to estimate the constant of proportionality in order to check whether it seems consistent with the observed values of z. With this particular dataset I would have wasted a lot of time if I had tried to find a computational method to match the line that to me was very visible so I chose the line visually. If you mean: I looked at the data, identified that the range a x b looks linear and the range x b does not, then used least squares (or some other recognised, objective technique for fitting a line) to the data in that linear range then I'm completely cool with that. That's fine, with the understanding that this is the first step in either fixing your measurement problems, fixing your model, or at least avoiding extrapolation into the non-linear range. But that is not fitting a line by eye, which is what I am talking about. If on the other hand you mean: I looked at the data, identified that the range a x b looked linear, so I laid a ruler down over the graph and pushed it around until I was satisfied that the ruler looked more or less like it fitted the data points, according to my guess of what counts as a close fit that *is* fitting a line by eye, and it is entirely subjective and extremely dodgy for anything beyond quick and dirty back of the envelope calculations[1]. That's okay if all you want is to get something within an order of magnitude or so, or a line roughly pointing in the right direction, but that's all. [...] I also think it would be highly foolish to go so far with refusing to eyeball data that you would accept the output of some regression algorithm even when it clearly looks wrong. I never said anything of the sort. I said, don't fit lines to data by eye. I didn't say not to sanity check your straight line fit is reasonable by eyeballing it. [1] Or if your data is so accurate and noise-free that you hardly have to care about errors, since there clearly is one and only one straight line that passes through all the points. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
On Tue, 8 Jan 2013, Nac Temha wrote: Hello, How to *quickly* calculate large numbers. For example (10**25) * (2**50) 11258999068426240L Um, Karatsuba multiplication? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm Or see what GMP folks are doing: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Multi-Precision_Library Regards, Tomasz Rola -- ** A C programmer asked whether computer had Buddha's nature. ** ** As the answer, master did rm -rif on the programmer's home** ** directory. And then the C programmer became enlightened... ** ** ** ** Tomasz Rola mailto:tomasz_r...@bigfoot.com ** -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
On 01/07/2013 07:44 PM, Nac Temha wrote: Hello, How to *quickly* calculate large numbers. For example (10**25) * (2**50) 11258999068426240L Since all of the terms are const, you could just use print 11258999068426240L Or if you have some constraints on those numbers, you could preprocess the calculation with meatware. For example, if you wnated (10**var1) * (var2**var3), where var1, var2 and var3 are all ints, then you could save some time by doing: print str(var2**var3)+0*var1 Or you could write C code to do multiprecision arithmetic. Or ... What are your constraints? If you have to calculate an arbitrary expression of ints and longs, you'll spend a lot more time typing it in than the computer will calculating it. BTW, if you want a non-trivial answer, you should specify what Python version you're targeting. I arbitrarily chose 2.7 for my response.m -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
On 01/07/2013 08:22 PM, Nac Temha wrote: Thanks for reply. I wonder how quickly calculate big numbers. Can you explain me as theoretical? Because this numbers overflow size of integer and double. Please don't top-post. It makes the context totally out of order. Python automatically promotes to long when doing integer arithmetic, and the numbers grow too big. And on version 3, there's no distinction. floats are not used, or there would be errors. Your wonder statement is not complete, so I'm not sure what you're asking. Could you elaborate? Are you asking to see the source code for the python interpreter that's responsible for this? Or an algorithm that it might use? Are you curious in a language-agnostic way how one might do multiple-precision arithmetic? I've written arithmetic packages in PL/I and in BASIC, plus implemented the microcoded math in one processor. So, for example, I might explain how one could compute X**Y when Y is a positive integer, without doing Y-1 multiplies. -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
In article mailman.252.1357608154.2939.python-l...@python.org, Nac Temha nacctte...@gmail.com wrote: Thanks for reply. I wonder how quickly calculate big numbers. Can you explain me as theoretical? Because this numbers overflow size of integer and double. Now, that's a good question. The answer is that Python implements multiple-precision arithmetic. This is an awesome feature, as it means you never have to worry about integer overflow again. A good introduction to the subject can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Offtopic] Line fitting [was Re: Numpy outlier removal]
On Tue, 08 Jan 2013 06:43:46 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote: On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 4:58 AM, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: Anyone can fool themselves into placing a line through a subset of non- linear data. Or, sadly more often, *deliberately* cherry picking fake clusters in order to fool others. Here is a real world example of what happens when people pick out the data clusters that they like based on visual inspection: http://www.skepticalscience.com/images/TempEscalator.gif And sensible people will notice that, even drawn like that, it's only a ~0.6 deg increase across ~30 years. Hardly statistically significant, Well, I don't know about sensible people, but magnitude of an effect has little to do with whether or not something is statistically significant or not. Given noisy data, statistical significance relates to whether or not we can be confident that the effect is *real*, not whether it is a big effect or a small effect. Here's an example: assume that you are on a fixed salary with a constant weekly income. If you happen to win the lottery one day, and consequently your income for that week quadruples, that is a large effect that fails to have any statistical significance -- it's a blip, not part of any long- term change in income. You can't conclude that you'll win the lottery every week from now on. On the other hand, if the government changes the rules relating to tax, deductions, etc., even by a small amount, your weekly income might go down, or up, by a single dollar. Even though that is a tiny effect, it is *not* a blip, and will be statistically significant. In practice, it takes a certain number of data points to reach that confidence level. Your accountant, who knows the tax laws, will conclude that the change is real immediately, but a statistician who sees only the pay slips may take some months before she is convinced that the change is signal rather than noise. With only three weeks pay slips in hand, the statistician cannot be sure that the difference is not just some accounting error or other fluke, but each additional data point increases the confidence that the difference is real and not just some temporary aberration. The other meaning of significant has nothing to do with statistics, and everything to do with a difference is only a difference if it makes a difference. 0.2° per decade doesn't sound like much, not when we consider daily or yearly temperatures that typically have a range of tens of degrees between night and day, or winter and summer. But that is misunderstanding the nature of long-term climate versus daily weather and glossing over the fact that we're only talking about an average and ignoring changes to the variability of the climate: a small increase in average can lead to a large increase in extreme events. given that weather patterns have been known to follow cycles at least that long. That is not a given. Weather patterns don't last for thirty years. Perhaps you are talking about climate patterns? In which case, well, yes, we can see a very strong climate pattern of warming on a time scale of decades, with no evidence that it is a cycle. There are, of course, many climate cycles that take place on a time frame of years or decades, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Nino Southern Oscillation. None of them are global, and as far as I know none of them are exactly periodic. They are noise in the system, and certainly not responsible for linear trends. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calculate Big Number
(forwarding the private reply to the group) On 01/07/2013 09:03 PM, Nac Temha wrote: Thanks. I using version 2.7 .I want to understand how to handling big number. Just want to know logic. Without going into further details but I want to learn logic of this issue. How to keep datas in python? Using data structure? and datas how to handling for calculating? Since I don't understand your questions, I'll make some guesses. If these don't cover it, please reword your questions. I'll assume you do NOT want internal details of how the python interpreter manages it. I'll assume you DO want to know how to write your python program so that as much accuracy as possible is used in the calculations. First comment - as soon as you introduce a floating point (non-integer) value into the expression, you have the potential of losing precision. In general, when doing mixed arithmetic, python will convert the result to float. Lots can be written (and has been written) about floats, Decimals, quantization and rounding. I'm again assuming you're NOT asking about these. In Python 2.7, there are two kinds of integers, int and long. An int is limited to some processor-specific size, usually 32 or 64 bits. A long has no practical limit, though after a few hundred million digits, it gets pretty memory hungry and piggishly slow. A long is NOT related to the C type of the same name. If you have an integer in your source code that's larger than that limit, it'll automatically be promoted to long. If you want to see the type of a particular object, you can use type(myobj). For example, print type(2397493749328734972349873) will print: type 'long' If you add, subtract, multiply or ** two int objects, and the result is too big for an int, it'll automatically be promoted to long. If you divide two integers with / the result is floored. Thus the result is an integer. That changes in Python 3, where you can get this result with //. If you call some library function on a long, it may or may not be able to handle it, check the docs. But in your own code, it's pretty easy to keep things clean. If you have more questions, please be specific. -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Difference between these two lists?
Thanks, I think I'm clear now. I guess (map(str, stn_list)) was all about how to make a string starting with integers. I picked that up and began using it without realising it was over catering for a list already containing strings, and join(stn_list) was really all I required. Repr and Eval I think I get. Eval certainly. That's a familiar concept, and one I hope to use tomorrow to feed a line to psycopg2. I might have opened a can of worms on map and repr though... I'll do some more reading tomorrow. Top tip on the code annotation, I didn't really think that through. Thanks again, Andy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Difference between these two lists?
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 1:21 PM, andydtay...@gmail.com wrote: Repr and Eval I think I get. Eval certainly. That's a familiar concept, and one I hope to use tomorrow to feed a line to psycopg2. I hope not. Why do you need eval? It's extremely dangerous. Chances are there's a better way to do it; if your users are entering strings like ['Foo', 'Bar'] and you want them to be interpreted as lists, then you can get a much safer function ast.literal_eval - it's equivalent to eval, but (as the name suggests) works only with literals, so you can't call functions etc. But even that may be overkill, depending on what you actually need. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
FYI - wiki.python.org compromised
On December 28th, an unknown attacker used a previously unknown remote code exploit on http://wiki.python.org/. The attacker was able to get shell access as the moin user, but no other services were affected. Some time later, the attacker deleted all files owned by the moin user, including all instance data for both the Python and Jython wikis. The attack also had full access to all MoinMoin user data on all wikis. In light of this, the Python Software Foundation encourages all wiki users to change their password on other sites if the same one is in use elsewhere. We apologize for the inconvenience and will post further news as we bring the new and improved wiki.python.org online. If you have any questions about this incident please contact jnol...@python.org. Thank you for your patience. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
how to download internet files by python ?
for example ,if I want to download this file ,how to implement the download functionality by python ? http://down.51voa.com/201208/se-ed-foreign-students-friends-16aug12.mp3 as for download speed ,of course ,the fast ,the better ,so how to implement it ? It would be better to show me an example :) thanks !!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to get the selected text of the webpage in chrome through python ?
How to get the selected text of the webpage in chrome through python ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to download internet files by python ?
On 07Jan2013 20:19, iMath redstone-c...@163.com wrote: | for example ,if I want to download this file ,how to implement the download functionality by python ? | | http://down.51voa.com/201208/se-ed-foreign-students-friends-16aug12.mp3 | | as for download speed ,of course ,the fast ,the better ,so how to implement it ? | It would be better to show me an example :) thanks !!! Look at urllib2. -- Cameron Simpson c...@zip.com.au If God had intended Man to fly, He would have given him more money. - Jeff Cauhape, cauh...@twg.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to download internet files by python ?
On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 11:19 PM, iMath redstone-c...@163.com wrote:
for example ,if I want to download this file ,how to implement the
download functionality by python ?
http://down.51voa.com/201208/se-ed-foreign-students-friends-16aug12.mp3
as for download speed ,of course ,the fast ,the better ,so how to
implement it ?
It would be better to show me an example :) thanks !!!
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
#!/usr/bin/python
import urllib2
if __name__ == '__main__':
fileurl='
http://down.51voa.com/201208/se-ed-foreign-students-friends-16aug12.mp3'
mp3file = urllib2.urlopen(fileurl)
with open('outfile.mp3','wb') as output:
output.write(mp3file.read())
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to download internet files by python ?
In article mailman.259.1357620254.2939.python-l...@python.org, Cameron Simpson c...@zip.com.au wrote: On 07Jan2013 20:19, iMath redstone-c...@163.com wrote: | for example ,if I want to download this file ,how to implement the download | functionality by python ? | | http://down.51voa.com/201208/se-ed-foreign-students-friends-16aug12.mp3 | | as for download speed ,of course ,the fast ,the better ,so how to | implement it ? | It would be better to show me an example :) thanks !!! Look at urllib2. Even better, look at requests (http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/). There's nothing you can do with requests that you can't do with urllib2, but the interface is a whole lot easier to work with. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
comparison between non-comparable objects
The language reference says: ...the choice whether one object [of built-in type] is considered smaller or larger than another one is made arbitrarily... but that seems to be Python 2 behavior; Python 3 apparently raises a TypeError. Does the documentation need updating? Thanks, Kelvin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: comparison between non-comparable objects
On 01/08/2013 12:28 AM, Kelvin Li wrote: The language reference says: ...the choice whether one object [of built-in type] is considered smaller or larger than another one is made arbitrarily... When quoting some online source, please give a reference link. It took me a while to find the following page with your quote in it: http://docs.python.org/3.3/reference/expressions.html http://docs.python.org/3.3/reference/expressions.htm in section 6.9 Comparisons but that seems to be Python 2 behavior; Python 3 apparently raises a TypeError. Does the documentation need updating? That sentence is correct in context. The bullet items there are labeled Comparison of objects of the same type... And the particular bullet also qualifies the type of the two objects being compared:Most other objects of built-in types... Earlier in the same section, it considers the case of comparing objects of DIFFERENT type. while the , , = and = operators raise a TypeError http://docs.python.org/3.3/library/exceptions.html#TypeError when comparing objects of different types that do not implement these operators for the given pair of types -- DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Offtopic] Line fitting [was Re: Numpy outlier removal]
On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 1:06 PM, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: given that weather patterns have been known to follow cycles at least that long. That is not a given. Weather patterns don't last for thirty years. Perhaps you are talking about climate patterns? Yes, that's what I meant. In any case, debate about global warming is quite tangential to the point about statistical validity; it looks quite significant to show a line going from the bottom of the graph to the top, but sounds a lot less noteworthy when you see it as a half-degree increase on about (I think?) 30 degrees, and even less when you measure temperatures in absolute scale (Kelvin) and it's half a degree in three hundred. Those are principles worth considering, regardless of the subject matter. If your railway tracks have widened by a full eight millimeters due to increased pounding from heavier vehicles travelling over it, that's significant and dangerous on HO-scale model trains, but utterly insignificant on 5'3 gauge. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: comparison between non-comparable objects
When quoting some online source, please give a reference link. It took me a while to find the following page with your quote in it: http://docs.python.org/3.3/reference/expressions.html http://docs.python.org/3.3/reference/expressions.htm in section 6.9 Comparisons Sorry about that. Thanks for finding the link. but that seems to be Python 2 behavior; Python 3 apparently raises a TypeError. Does the documentation need updating? That sentence is correct in context. The bullet items there are labeled Comparison of objects of the same type... And the particular bullet also qualifies the type of the two objects being compared:Most other objects of built-in types... Got it, I was confusing built-in types with built-in functions--I incorrectly thought object(), for example, returned an object of a built-in type, and was behaving differently in Python 2 and 3: object() object() Thanks, Kelvin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[issue9685] tuples should remember their hash value
Mark Dickinson added the comment: Given the responses so far, I suggest closing this as rejected. -- nosy: +mark.dickinson ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue9685 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16866] libainstall doesn't create $(BINDIR) directory
Benno Leslie added the comment: In a similar manner the bininstall target relies on $(LIBPC), but does not create that. This makes me consider if the libainstall target should be installing pkg-config sciprt at all (and whether bininstall should be installing the .pc files). It is hard for me to determine what the exact intended goals of each of these targets is, so I can't really come up with the right fix. Naively for both targets ensuring that the directory exists solves the symptom, but to be it looks like there is probably a greater underlying thing to determine here. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16866 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue9685] tuples should remember their hash value
Christian Heimes added the comment: I'm not too worried about the slightly increased memory usage. For example one of our largest application instances consumes about 8 GB memory right now. It has just about 22k tuples in gc.get_objects(). An additional Py_hash_t in tuple's struct would increase the memory usage by less than 200kB. I've attached a simple patch. -- keywords: +patch nosy: +christian.heimes stage: needs patch - patch review Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file28605/tuplehash.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue9685 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16883] --enable-shared during configure forces 2.7.3 to build as 2.7.2+ on Ubuntu 11.10
Ned Deily added the comment: You need to be careful when using a Python with --enable-shared to ensure that the correct dynamic libraries are being used at execution time. Normally, after a make, you use make install to install the Python executable and the shared library into the configured locations, by default in /usr/local. If you try to run a --enable-shared python executable from its build directory, you'll need to tell the dynamic loader where to find the shared library, i.e. the build directory itself. One way to do that is to use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. Otherwise, the dynamic loader will search the standard paths, like /usr/local/lib/ and /usr/lib/ for a shared library with the proper name (like libpython2.7.so.1.0). If there is an older Python already installed with that name and if the ABI hasn't changed too much, you may be lucky and it will load and run. In your example, you undoubtedly had a Python 2.7.2+ already installed in either /usr or /usr/local. In this example, I have a shared 2.7.3rc2 installed in /usr/bin and am building a 2.7.3: $ ./configure --enable-shared ; make $ /usr/bin/python2.7 -V Python 2.7.3rc2 $ ./python -V Python 2.7.3rc2 $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./python -V Python 2.7.3 The make clean and rebuild step you show makes no difference by itself. Without installing or setting the library search path, the older installed library will still be picked up. What likely happened is that you did a make install in between the two steps. -- nosy: +ned.deily resolution: - invalid stage: - committed/rejected status: open - closed type: compile error - ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16883 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16853] add a Selector to the select module
Charles-François Natali added the comment:
Also notice the need for a third constant, SELECT_CONNECT. For details see
the class WindowsPollPollster in the Tulip code.
I'll trust Richard on all Windows matter, so if you need a
SELECT_CONNECT constant, I'll expose one.
However, two Tulip tests are now failing:
I can't reproduce those failures on Linux (I had to adapt the
hostnames because I'm at work and my test machine can't access the
internet, but otherwise everything is the same). All tests pass with
select, poll and epoll.
Note that I had to fix a typo in the patch: EPollSelector - EpollSelector.
- tulip.events_test.PollEventLoopTests.testCreateSslTransport fails with
spurious file descriptors returned by poll() that aren't in the _fd_to_key
dict (but the corresponding test with Select passes)
The first failure has this traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File /Users/guido/tulip/tulip/selectors.py, line 178, in _key_from_fd
return self._fd_to_key[fd]
KeyError: 0
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File /Users/guido/tulip/tulip/events_test.py, line 216, in
testCreateSslTra\
nsport
el.run()
File /Users/guido/tulip/tulip/unix_events.py, line 120, in run
self._run_once()
File /Users/guido/tulip/tulip/unix_events.py, line 592, in _run_once
event_list = self._selector.select(timeout)
File /Users/guido/tulip/tulip/selectors.py, line 255, in select
key = self._key_from_fd(fd)
File /Users/guido/tulip/tulip/selectors.py, line 180, in _key_from_fd
raise RuntimeError(No key found for fd {}.format(fd))
RuntimeError: No key found for fd 0
(But the fd value varies -- sometimes it is -2, sometimes a large number.)
This failure is really weird, because the file descriptor is really
just the value returned by poll.poll(): I don't know how this could
possibly ever be negative, unless some sort of overflow in the
poll.poll() code itself?
I can however see why the previous version wouldn't fail:
for fd, flags in self._poll.poll(msecs):
if flags ~select.POLLOUT:
if fd in self.readers:
events.append(self.readers[fd])
if flags ~select.POLLIN:
if fd in self.writers:
events.append(self.writers[fd])
If a spurious fd is reported, it's silently ignored.
The second test runs fine on Linux, and from a cursory look, I don't
see how it could fail (the socket should be reported as write ready
upon ECONNREFUSED).
I'll try running the exact test case with the same hostnames from
home, but I doubt it'll make a difference, so maybe it's really OS-X
specific (if there's strace/dtrace on OS-X, it'll help see what's
going on).
--
___
Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org
http://bugs.python.org/issue16853
___
___
Python-bugs-list mailing list
Unsubscribe:
http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16882] Python 2.7 has 73 files with hard references to /usr/local when building on *NIX
Ned Deily added the comment: Thanks for your suggestion. However, the issue you've created is too wide in scope to be actionable. As you note, just because the string /usr/local appears in a file within the Python source distribution does not indicate a problem. Many of the cites are in documentation or examples where it is noted or understood that the correct path will need to be supplied or is supplied when the file is actually built and installed. The one real related issue I am aware of is that the main setup.py, which is used to build the standard library components, does have some hardwired sets of paths, usually including /usr/local, to find necessary third-party libraries and setup.py does not always provide a consistent way to augment those paths. This is also an issue for cross-compiling Python for other environments. There are various issues open regarding this, for example, Issue5575 Add env vars for controlling building sqlite, hashlib and ssl. I would suggest contributing to those issues by creating or reviewing and testing existing patches. Also note that Python 2.7.x is open for bug fixes; new features are generally only accepted for the next major release, currently expected to be Python 3.4. Unless there are more specific items that are not already covered in another issue, I am inclined to close this one. -- nosy: +ned.deily status: open - pending type: compile error - enhancement ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16882 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue9685] tuples should remember their hash value
Georg Brandl added the comment: Still, actual benefits in some kind of benchmark will be needed to show that this is not a premature optimization. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue9685 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16853] add a Selector to the select module
Charles-François Natali added the comment: The second test runs fine on Linux, and from a cursory look, I don't see how it could fail (the socket should be reported as write ready upon ECONNREFUSED). Hum, thinking about it, I wonder is OS-X doesn't report POLLPRI or some other esoteric event in case of ECONNREFUSED... Could you try the patch attached? -- Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file28606/selector_poll_events.diff ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16853 ___--- tulip/selectors.py.orig 2013-01-07 11:33:56.035521000 +0100 +++ tulip/selectors.py 2013-01-07 11:46:04.351542000 +0100 @@ -242,15 +242,10 @@ ready = [] for fd, event in self._poll.poll(timeout): events = 0 -if event (POLLERR|POLLNVAL): -# in case of error, signal read and write ready -events |= SELECT_IN|SELECT_OUT -else: -if event (POLLIN|POLLHUP): -# in case of hangup, signal read ready -events |= SELECT_IN -if event POLLOUT: -events |= SELECT_OUT +if event ~POLLOUT: +events |= SELECT_IN +if event ~POLLIN: +events |= SELECT_OUT key = self._key_from_fd(fd) ready.append((key.fileobj, events, key.data)) @@ -282,15 +277,10 @@ ready = [] for fd, event in self._epoll.poll(timeout, self.registered_count()): events = 0 -if event EPOLLERR: -# in case of error, signal read and write ready -events |= SELECT_IN|SELECT_OUT -else: -if event (EPOLLIN|EPOLLHUP): -# in case of hangup, signal read ready -events |= SELECT_IN -if event EPOLLOUT: -events |= SELECT_OUT +if event ~EPOLLOUT: +events |= SELECT_IN +if event ~EPOLLIN: +events |= SELECT_OUT key = self._key_from_fd(fd) ready.append((key.fileobj, events, key.data)) ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue10156] Initialization of globals in unicodeobject.c
Serhiy Storchaka added the comment:
Here are patches for all four Python versions. They fixes possible usage of the
followed non-initialized global variables: free_list, numfree, interned,
unicode_empty, static_strings, unicode_latin1, bloom_linebreak,
unicode_default_encoding.
--
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file28607/unicode_globals-2.7.patch
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file28608/unicode_globals-3.2.patch
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file28609/unicode_globals-3.3.patch
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file28610/unicode_globals-3.4.patch
___
Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org
http://bugs.python.org/issue10156
___diff -r 0f24c65fb7e5 Objects/unicodeobject.c
--- a/Objects/unicodeobject.c Sat Jan 05 07:37:47 2013 +0200
+++ b/Objects/unicodeobject.c Mon Jan 07 13:26:16 2013 +0200
@@ -93,15 +93,26 @@
#endif
/* Free list for Unicode objects */
-static PyUnicodeObject *free_list;
-static int numfree;
+static PyUnicodeObject *free_list = NULL;
+static int numfree = 0;
/* The empty Unicode object is shared to improve performance. */
-static PyUnicodeObject *unicode_empty;
+static PyUnicodeObject *unicode_empty = NULL;
+
+#define _Py_RETURN_UNICODE_EMPTY() do {\
+if (unicode_empty != NULL) \
+Py_INCREF(unicode_empty); \
+else { \
+unicode_empty = _PyUnicode_New(0); \
+if (unicode_empty != NULL) \
+Py_INCREF(unicode_empty); \
+} \
+return (PyObject *)unicode_empty; \
+} while (0)
/* Single character Unicode strings in the Latin-1 range are being
shared as well. */
-static PyUnicodeObject *unicode_latin1[256];
+static PyUnicodeObject *unicode_latin1[256] = {NULL};
/* Default encoding to use and assume when NULL is passed as encoding
parameter; it is initialized by _PyUnicode_Init().
@@ -110,7 +121,7 @@
PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding() APIs to access this global.
*/
-static char unicode_default_encoding[100];
+static char unicode_default_encoding[100 + 1] = ascii;
/* Fast detection of the most frequent whitespace characters */
const unsigned char _Py_ascii_whitespace[] = {
@@ -204,7 +215,7 @@
#define BLOOM_MASK unsigned long
-static BLOOM_MASK bloom_linebreak;
+static BLOOM_MASK bloom_linebreak = ~(BLOOM_MASK)0;
#define BLOOM_ADD(mask, ch) ((mask |= (1UL ((ch) (BLOOM_WIDTH - 1)
#define BLOOM(mask, ch) ((mask (1UL ((ch) (BLOOM_WIDTH - 1)
@@ -448,10 +459,8 @@
if (u != NULL) {
/* Optimization for empty strings */
-if (size == 0 unicode_empty != NULL) {
-Py_INCREF(unicode_empty);
-return (PyObject *)unicode_empty;
-}
+if (size == 0)
+_Py_RETURN_UNICODE_EMPTY();
/* Single character Unicode objects in the Latin-1 range are
shared when using this constructor */
@@ -497,10 +506,8 @@
if (u != NULL) {
/* Optimization for empty strings */
-if (size == 0 unicode_empty != NULL) {
-Py_INCREF(unicode_empty);
-return (PyObject *)unicode_empty;
-}
+if (size == 0)
+_Py_RETURN_UNICODE_EMPTY();
/* Single characters are shared when using this constructor.
Restrict to ASCII, since the input must be UTF-8. */
@@ -1162,13 +1169,10 @@
}
/* Convert to Unicode */
-if (len == 0) {
-Py_INCREF(unicode_empty);
-v = (PyObject *)unicode_empty;
-}
-else
-v = PyUnicode_Decode(s, len, encoding, errors);
-
+if (len == 0)
+_Py_RETURN_UNICODE_EMPTY();
+
+v = PyUnicode_Decode(s, len, encoding, errors);
return v;
onError:
@@ -1381,7 +1385,7 @@
Py_DECREF(v);
strncpy(unicode_default_encoding,
encoding,
-sizeof(unicode_default_encoding));
+sizeof(unicode_default_encoding) - 1);
return 0;
onError:
@@ -8838,8 +8842,6 @@
void _PyUnicode_Init(void)
{
-int i;
-
/* XXX - move this array to unicodectype.c ? */
Py_UNICODE linebreak[] = {
0x000A, /* LINE FEED */
@@ -8853,15 +8855,10 @@
};
/* Init the implementation */
-free_list = NULL;
-numfree = 0;
unicode_empty = _PyUnicode_New(0);
if (!unicode_empty)
return;
-strcpy(unicode_default_encoding, ascii);
-for (i = 0; i 256; i++)
-unicode_latin1[i] = NULL;
if (PyType_Ready(PyUnicode_Type) 0)
Py_FatalError(Can't initialize 'unicode');
@@ -8906,15 +8903,11 @@
{
int i;
-Py_XDECREF(unicode_empty);
-unicode_empty = NULL;
-
-for (i = 0; i 256; i++) {
-if (unicode_latin1[i]) {
-Py_DECREF(unicode_latin1[i]);
-
[issue10156] Initialization of globals in unicodeobject.c
Changes by Serhiy Storchaka storch...@gmail.com: -- stage: commit review - patch review ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue10156 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16884] logging handler automatically added starting in 3.2+
New submission from Chris Jerdonek:
Starting in 3.2, the logging module no longer outputs the following message
when logging and no handlers are configured for the root logger:
log = logging.getLogger()
log.error('test')
'No handlers could be found for logger root'
However, I can't seem to find any version-changed about this in the docs. The
code change may be from this commit: c86dc2bd3ae8
Incidentally, I also noticed that three logging paragraphs begin with PLEASE
NOTE: Those should probably be changed to .. note:: etc.
--
assignee: docs@python
components: Documentation
keywords: easy
messages: 179257
nosy: chris.jerdonek, docs@python, vinay.sajip
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: logging handler automatically added starting in 3.2+
type: behavior
versions: Python 3.2, Python 3.3, Python 3.4
___
Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org
http://bugs.python.org/issue16884
___
___
Python-bugs-list mailing list
Unsubscribe:
http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16850] Add x mode to open(): close-and-exec (O_CLOEXEC) / O_NOINHERIT
Changes by STINNER Victor victor.stin...@gmail.com: -- title: Atomic open + close-and-exec - Add x mode to open(): close-and-exec (O_CLOEXEC) / O_NOINHERIT ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16850 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16850] Add x mode to open(): close-and-exec (O_CLOEXEC) / O_NOINHERIT
STINNER Victor added the comment: Oh, my patch doesn't check fcntl() error code. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16850 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16883] --enable-shared during configure forces 2.7.3 to build as 2.7.2+ on Ubuntu 11.10
Isaac (.ike) Levy added the comment: Ned, absolutely correct, thank you! -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16883 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue11816] Refactor the dis module to provide better building blocks for bytecode analysis
Nick Coghlan added the comment: To clarify the vague allusion in my last comment, Ron's suggestion was along the lines of creating a dis.Bytecode object that encapsulated everything the dis module can figure out about a piece of compiled code. That would mean exposing the kind of info reported in a string by dis.code_info() as attributes/properties, and have the proposed get_opinfo() be the __iter__ method on the disassembled Bytecode objects. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue11816 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16882] Python 2.7 has 73 files with hard references to /usr/local when building on *NIX
Isaac (.ike) Levy added the comment: Hi Ned, Thanks. Your logic is rational here, I'll close it, and open another if I can carve out time to attack this with an appropriate patch for setup.py - to attempt resolution of the 3rd party library build issues. However, off the top of your head if you know of any more related tickets, (like Issue5575), I'd love to know- I'll cull through to try to find as many related bug reports as possible to get a feel for what people have tried. Best, .ike -- resolution: - wont fix status: pending - open ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16882 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue16882] Python 2.7 has 73 files with hard references to /usr/local when building on *NIX
Changes by Isaac (.ike) Levy ike.l...@axialmarket.com: -- resolution: wont fix - duplicate ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue16882 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
