Re: Python Pop Quiz
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Roy Smith wrote: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: 7. How many Z80 assembly language programmers does it take to equal one Python guru? Trick question, the Z80 was a figment of your imagination. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80 Essay: C++ is better than C, agree or disagree? (four word maximum) STL compile error diagnostics. So do you agree or disagree!? ;-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: strange PyLint configuration
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Bjoern Schliessmann wrote: [ripped out of context :-)] Has this been updated recently? I could've sworn I had read that stuff like has_key was old. Yes, `has_key()` is old, it's spelled ``in`` these days. :-) if mapping.has_key(ham): pass # - if ham in mapping: pass Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: c[:]()
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Warren Stringer wrote: I like your use case. Am I correct in assuming that `y = x[:]; y()` is NOT to be found in working code? If that is the case, then nothing gets broken. It would be instructive to have a use case where enabling c[:]() would break existing code. What does enabling c[:]() mean? Do you expect after enabling it ``c()`` and ``c[:]()`` to be different for the same list or tuple `c`? My use case is this: do(orchestra(score)).pickle() do(orchestra(conductor)).sequence() This isn't a use case unless you also say what the involved objects are and what semantic you expect from this source snippet. Just guessing, but might the following do what you want without the need to make lists and tuples callable? def do(iterable, func): for item in iterable: func(item) do(orchestra(score), pickle) do(orchestra(conductor), sequence) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: c[:]()
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Warren Stringer wrote: Warren Stringer wrote: As mentioned a while back, I'm now predisposed towards using `do(c)()` because square brackets are hard with cell phones. The one mitigating factor for more general use, outside of cell phones, is speed. The speed at which you can type code is almost _never_ a valid reason to make something brief. Code gains readability from verbosity. (That can be taken too far, of course, but that certainly doesn't apply here.) There is code that you type which persists and code that you type from a command line. Two completely different idioms. A credo inside the cell phone game industry is that you lose half your audience with each menu keystroke. That's how precious keystrokes are. What may be confusing is speaking about both idioms at once. snip In short, your repeated use of `c[:]()` indicates a fundamental misunderstanding about Pythonic style _and_ substance. Please define Pythonic. Is this like a certain US senator who defined porn as I know it when I see it. Yes you are right, pythonic is not a hard fact. But one indicator is consistency and no surprising behavior if possible. And that your insisting on ``c[:]()`` instead of just ``c()`` seems to indicate you want a change that is quite surprising. It would mean that a slice of a list returns an other type with the __call__ method implemented. 28 years ago, I wrote a hierarchical DBMS that used lexical indentation. 15 years ago I wrote a multimedia script language that used lexical indentation and automatic garbage collection - it was deployed on millons of clients. 2 years ago I hand coded every line of the Python 2.2 BNF into another style of language description. Up until last month, I had tokenized a subset of said definition in C++, using templates to manage cardinality. Recently, I decided to forgo the C++ parser and am now rewriting it in Python. This is a risk. So, what hoop does one jump though to earn that oh so coveted pythonic merit badge? Grok The Zen of Python (``import this`` at the interpreter prompt)? Write pythonic code? I don't see how writing other languages and Python parsers and translators into other representations tells you much about the spirit and idiomatic *usage* of a language. Your proposal is not about syntax, it's about semantics. ``obj[:]()`` is basically syntactic sugar for: ``obj.__getitem__(slice(None)).__call__()`` and you want a change in the implementation of `list.__getitem__()` and `tuple.__getitem__()`. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: c[:]()
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Warren Stringer
wrote:
Oops! guess I should have tested my rather hasty complaint about executable
containers. This is nice:
def a(): return 'b'
def b(): print 'polly! wakey wakey'
c = {}
c['a'] = b
c[a()]() #works!
c[a()]() is a switch statement with an amorphous selector- very handy in its
own right. But, using a() as a generator would be more expressive. This
seems to work:
c = [a,a]
[d() for d in c]
If you are using the list comprehension just for the side effect of
calling `d` then consider this bad style. You are building a list of
`None` objects just to have a cool one liner then.
But that still isn't as simple or as direct as:
c[:]()
Which would you rather explain to a 12-year-old writing code for the first
time?
for func in funcs:
func()
Because it is explicit and readable and matches the english description
for every function in functions: call that function very closely while a
list comprehension or your perlish line noise is much more magic to
explain and harder to remember.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python memory handling
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], frederic.pica wrote: So as I can see, python maintain a memory pool for lists. In my first example, if I reparse the xml file, the memory doesn't grow very much (0.1 Mb precisely) So I think I'm right with the memory pool. But is there a way to force python to release this memory ?! AFAIK not. But why is this important as long as the memory consumption doesn't grow constantly? The virtual memory management of the operating system usually takes care that only actually used memory is in physical RAM. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is PEP-8 a Code or More of a Guideline?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], kc wrote: Joe Riopel [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Using camel case instead of the under_score means less typing. I am lazy. fooBar foo_bar Each requires exactly the same number of key strokes when I do the math. (Too lazy to explain further...) Let's leave 'foo' and 'ar': 1. B = Shift + B = 2 key strokes. 2. _b = Shift + - and b = 3 key strokes. At least on my keyboard + layout. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file reading by record separator (not line by line)
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Lee Sander
wrote:
Dear all,
I would like to read a really huge file that looks like this:
name1
line_11
line_12
line_13
...
name2 ...
line_21
line_22
...
etc
where line_ij is just a free form text on that line.
how can i read file so that every time i do a read() i get exactly
one record
up to the next
There was just recently a thread with a `itertools.groupby()` solution.
Something like this:
from itertools import count, groupby, imap
from operator import itemgetter
def mark_records(lines):
counter = 0
for line in lines:
if line.startswith(''):
counter += 1
yield (counter, line)
def iter_records(lines):
fst = itemgetter(0)
snd = itemgetter(1)
for dummy, record_lines in groupby(mark_records(lines), fst):
yield imap(snd, record_lines)
def main():
source = \
name1
line_11
line_12
line_13
...
name2 ...
line_21
line_22
splitlines()
for record in iter_records(source):
print 'Start of record...'
for line in record:
print ':', line
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WEATHER PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], sandeep patil wrote: how to diplay the weather condiction on my webpage suppose i want to read weather from www.bbc.co.uk/weather.html how i can read it usin program It's hard to scrape information about weather from an 404 error page. ;-) Find some page with actual weather reports or forecasts and use the BeautifulSoup module to scrape the information you need. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Error in optparse documentation
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Shatadal wrote: I think the documentation should be modified so that it is made clear that %default in the help string behaves as is claimed only in version 2.4 and higher. Maybe something should be added for clarity but I don't think it's an error in the docs. You are reading documentation for Python 2.5 and expect everything in it to work in older versions too? Pick the right documentation from http://www.python.org/doc/versions/ Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Can python create a dictionary from a list comprehension?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], half.italian
wrote:
[entries.__setitem__(int(d.date.strftime('%m'))], d.id) for d in
links]
btw...I was curious of this too. I used 'dir(dict)' and looked for a
method that might do what we wanted and bingo!
This is really ugly. Except `__init__()` it's always a code smell if you
call a magic method directly instead of using the corresponding
syntactic sugar or built in function. And using a list comprehension just
for side effects is misleading because the reader expects a (useful) list
to be build when stumbling over a list comp and it's wasteful because an
unnecessary list of `None`\s is build and thrown away for no reason other
than to have a one liner. This is not Perl! ;-)
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: totally lost newbie
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], mark wrote:
Hi all
I posted earlier on this but have changed my approach so here is my
latest attempt at solving a problem. I have been working on this for
around 12 hours straight and am still struggling with it.
Write a program that reads the values for a random list of cards from
a file, where each line in the file specifies a single card with the
rank and then the suit separated by a space. The rank should be an
integer in the range of 1 to 13 (Ace:1, King:13), while the suit
should be a lower case character in the set { 'h', 'd', 'c', 's' }.
Sort the card entries into suits ordered by rank, and print out the
ordered list. Hint: sort the list first by rank, and then by suit.
The format of the cards.txt file is;
1 h
1 d
13 c
10 s
and so on for the whole deck.
Can someone help me to get the mycomp function to work.
Any help appreciated
J
def read_cards(filename):
cards = []
for card in open(filename, 'r'):
# strip the trailing newline character
cards.append(card.strip())
return cards
filename = 'cards.txt'
cards = read_cards(filename)
def cards_str2tup(cards):
cards_tup = []
for card in cards:
rank, suit = card.split()
cards_tup.append((suit, int(rank)))
return cards_tup
def cards_tup2str(cards_tup):
cards = []
space = ' '
for tup in cards_tup:
suit, rank = tup
s = str(rank) + space + suit
cards.append(s)
return cards
def mycmp( a, b):
#define the order in which the characters are to be sorted
order = [ 'h', 'd', 'c', 's' ]
# if the characters from each element ARENT the same
if a[1] b[1]:
#return the result of comparing the index of each elements
character in the order list
return cmp( order.index( a[1] ), order.index( b[1] ) )
#otherwise
else :
#return the result of comparing each elements number
return cmp( a[0], b[0] )
cards.sort( mycmp )
#print cards
Maybe it's easier to use a key function instead of a compare function. A
key function receives an element and must return something that is then
sorted and the element ends up where the computed key is in the sorted
list. Little example for sorting a list of strings first by length and
strings of the same length by alphabetical order:
def key_func(item):
return (len(item), item)
data = ['viking', 'spam', 'parrot', 'ham', 'eric']
data.sort(key=key_func)
print data
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: totally lost newbie
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Steve Howell wrote: def key_func(item): return (len(item), item) data = ['viking', 'spam', 'parrot', 'ham', 'eric'] data.sort(key=key_func) print data Marc, when did the key feature get introduced, 2.4 or 2.5? I'm asking on behalf of the newbie, who's going to struggle with your solution if he's still running 2.3. It's available in 2.4 but I don't know when it was introduced. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large Amount of Data
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Jack wrote: I have tens of millions (could be more) of document in files. Each of them has other properties in separate files. I need to check if they exist, update and merge properties, etc. And this is not a one time job. Because of the quantity of the files, I think querying and updating a database will take a long time... But databases are exactly build and optimized to handle large amounts of data. Let's say, I want to do something a search engine needs to do in terms of the amount of data to be processed on a server. I doubt any serious search engine would use a database for indexing and searching. A hash table is what I need, not powerful queries. You are not forced to use complex queries and an index is much like a hash table, often even implemented as a hash table. And a database doesn't have to be an SQL database. The `shelve` module or an object DB like zodb or Durus are databases too. Maybe you should try it and measure before claiming it's going to be too slow and spend time to implement something like a database yourself. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: Struggling again 'map'
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], mosscliffe wrote: for x,y in map(None, lista, listb): # Also fine - extends as expected print MAP:, x, x y, y for x,y in map(N/A, lista, listb): ## Fails - Can not call a 'str' print MAP:, x, x y, y def fillwith(fillchars): return fillchars for x,y in map(fillwith(N/A), lista, listb): ## Fails also - Can not call a 'str' print MAP:, x, x y, y `map()` expects a function as first argument that will be applied to the elements in the other the arguments which have to be iterable. That you can give `None` as a function and the resulting behavior is IMHO a very ugly thing and has not much to to with the semantics expected from a `map()` function. The `None` is not the default fill value but a placeholder for the identity function. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: just a bug (was: xml.dom.minidom: how to preserve CRLF's inside CDATA?)
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], sim.sim wrote: Below the code that tryes to parse an well-formed xml, but it fails with error message: not well-formed (invalid token): line 3, column 85 How did you verified that it is well formed? `xmllint` barf on it too. The problem within CDATA-section: it consists a part of utf-8 encoded string wich was splited (widely used for memory limited devices). When minidom parses the xml-string, it fails becouse it tryes to convert into unicode the data within CDATA-section, insted of just to return the value of the section as is. The convertion contradicts the specification http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-cdata-sect An XML document contains unicode characters, so does the CDTATA section. CDATA is not meant to put arbitrary bytes into a document. It must contain valid characters of this type http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#NT-Char (linked from the grammar of CDATA in your link above). Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Reading a file and resuming reading.
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Karim Ali wrote: Simple question. Is it possible in python to write code of the type: - while not eof - really want the EOF and not just an empty line! readline by line end while; - while True: line = f.readline() if not line: break # Do something with `line`. What I am using now is the implicit for loop after a readlines(). I don't like this at all as a matter of opinion (my background is C++). Both look ugly to Pythonistas too. Files are iterable: for line in f: # Do something with `line`. But also, in case for one reason or another the program crashes, I want to be able to rexecute it and for it to resume reading from the same position as it left. If a while loop like the one above can be implemented I can do this simply by counting the lines! for line_nr, line in enumerate(f): # Do something with `line_nr` and `line`. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Large Amount of Data
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Jack wrote: I need to process large amount of data. The data structure fits well in a dictionary but the amount is large - close to or more than the size of physical memory. I wonder what will happen if I try to load the data into a dictionary. Will Python use swap memory or will it fail? What about putting the data into a database? If the keys are strings the `shelve` module might be a solution. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: of destructors, open files and garbage collection
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], massimo s. wrote: I have a for loop that looks like the following : for item in long_list: foo(item) def foo(item): item.create_blah() #--this creates item.blah; by doing that it opens a file and leaves it open until blah.__del__() is called Now, what I thought is that if I call del(item) it will delete item and also all objects created inside item. It will delete the *name* `item`. It does nothing to the object that was bound to that name. If the name was the only reference to that object, it may be garbage collected sooner or later. Read the documentation for the `__del__()` method for more details and why implementing such a method increases the chance that the object *won't* be garbage collected! Relying on the `__del__()` method isn't a good idea because there are no really hard guaranties by the language if and when it will be called. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to use imaageop.scale
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Bruce wrote: Hi, I want to compress a jpg file. e.g. a jpg file which has RGB band (24bit per pixel), 100 * 100 size to 50 * 50 size. I tried to use scale function in imageop module but failed. Any suggestions about this? Thanks! I guess you are talking about the Python Imaging Library (PIL) here? What have you tried and in which way did it fail? What about the `resize()` method on image objects? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: too much memory use
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], rohit wrote: i am making a program for desktop search. in order to make it more effective im implementing the records in the form of a tree(files starting with 'a','b','c'have different trees ..so 26 trees in all) in memory and writing it down in file. the max size file has 16000 records...now to implement the tree in list i'm using line no as index ..and empty child nodes are represented as \n all this work is going on in the memory.. problem is the system eats up my 512 mb RAM +1gb virtual store n hangs cant think of an effective way to implement tree in memory(i can compact it on disk by writing just the index no..along with the record from which tree in memory can be reconstructed, but i have to implement tree as previous to implement random access) I'm not quite sure what exactly you have as in-memory data structures and how many records -- are you sure you don't keep references to objects you don't really need anymore? Or maybe you have object cycles and implemented the `__del__()` method on those objects? Anyway… If the data doesn't fit into memory anymore it's time to put them into a database. Either a `shelve`, an SQL database like SQLite or maybe an object database like zodb or Durus. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: re.compile for names
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], brad wrote: I am developing a list of 3 character strings like this: and bra cam dom emi mar smi ... The goal of the list is to have enough strings to identify files that may contain the names of people. Missing a name in a file is unacceptable. Then simply return `True` for any file that contains at least two or three ASCII letters in a row. Easily written as a short re. ;-) I may end up with a thousand or so of these 3 character strings. Is that too much for an re.compile to handle? Also, is this a bad way to approach this problem? Any ideas for improvement are welcome! Unless you can come up with some restrictions to the names, just follow the advice above or give up. I saw a documentation about someone with the name Scary Guy in his ID papers recently. What about names with letters not in the ASCII range? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python compared to other language
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Python is a strongly typed but dynamic language ... In the A few questions thread, John Nagle's summary of Python begins Python is a byte-code interpreted untyped procedural dynamic language with implicit declaration. Is Python strongly typed or untyped? Strongly typed. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: TIFF to PDF
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], revuesbio wrote: I'm looking for : 1/ the best method to convert tiff files to PDF. 2/ and I want to merge these pdf files. If it doesn't need to be done in pure Python I would use the command line tools from libtiff: `tiffcp` to copy several tiffs into one multipage tiff and `tiff2pdf` to convert it into PDF. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: regex matching question
In [EMAIL PROTECTED],
bullockbefriending bard wrote:
first, regex part:
I am new to regexes and have come up with the following expression:
((1[0-4]|[1-9]),(1[0-4]|[1-9])/){5}(1[0-4]|[1-9]),(1[0-4]|[1-9])
to exactly match strings which look like this:
1,2/3,4/5,6/7,8/9,10/11,12
i.e. 6 comma-delimited pairs of integer numbers separated by the
backslash character + constraint that numbers must be in range 1-14.
i should add that i am only interested in finding exact matches (doing
some kind of command line validation).
[…]
the idea in the above code being that i want to use the regex match as
a test of whether or not the input string (results) is correctly
formatted. if the string results is not exactly matched by the regex,
i want my program to barf an exception and bail out. apart from
whether or not the regex is good idiom, is my approach suitably
pythonic?
I would use a simple regular expression to extract candidates and a
Python function to split the candidate and check for the extra
constraints. Especially the all pairs different constraint is something
I would not even attempt to put in a regex. For searching candidates this
should be good enough::
r'(\d+,\d+/){5}\d+,\d+'
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: Joining Lists
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], mosscliffe
wrote:
--- CODE --
import os
import glob
filenames = []
patterns = ('.\\t*.py', '.\\*.c??', '.\\*.txt') # Can these patterns
for glob processing be specified in the glob call *ONE
for pattern in patterns:
filenames = filenames + glob.glob(pattern) # Is there a better
way for this line in joining lists *TWO
You can `extend()` the list instead of creating new concatenated copies in
each iteration.
Ps \\ is because I needed to get the path element for my test and
windoze does not return a path element if in current directory
Maybe using `os.path.abspath()` on the file names is a more portable and
robust solution here.
If you don't need all the functionality of `glob.glob()` you can write a
simple function that takes multiple file name patterns:
import fnmatch
import os
import re
def multiglob(patterns):
pattern_re = re.compile('|'.join(map(fnmatch.translate, patterns)))
return [os.path.abspath(path)
for path in os.listdir('.')
if pattern_re.match(path)]
This lacks `glob.glob()`\s special handling of patterns containing
directory names though.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Stefan Behnel wrote: René Fleschenberg wrote: We all know what the PEP is about (we can read). The point is: If we do not *need* non-English/ASCII identifiers, we do not need the PEP. If the PEP does not solve an actual *problem* and still introduces some potential for *new* problems, it should be rejected. So far, the problem seems to just not exist. The burden of proof is on those who support the PEP. The main problem here seems to be proving the need of something to people who do not need it themselves. So, if a simple but I need it because a, b, c is not enough, what good is any further prove? Maybe all the (potential) programmers that can't understand english and would benefit from the ability to use non-ASCII characters in identifiers could step up and take part in this debate. In an english speaking newsgroup… =:o) There are potential users of Python who don't know much english or no english at all. This includes kids, old people, people from countries that have letters that are not that easy to transliterate like european languages, people who just want to learn Python for fun or to customize their applications like office suites or GIS software with a Python scripting option. Some people here seem to think the user base is or should be only from the computer science domain. Yes, if you are a programming professional it may be mandatory to be able to write english identifiers, comments and documentation, but there are not just programming professionals out there. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Execute commands from file
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], tmp123 wrote: We have very big files with python commands (more or less, 50 commands each file). It is possible to execute them command by command, like if the commands was typed one after the other in a interactive session? Take a look at the `code` module in the standard library: In [31]: code? Type: module Base Class: type 'module' String Form:module 'code' from '/usr/lib/python2.4/code.pyc' Namespace: Interactive File: /usr/lib/python2.4/code.py Docstring: Utilities needed to emulate Python's interactive interpreter. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Stefan Behnel wrote: René Fleschenberg wrote: Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch schrieb: There are potential users of Python who don't know much english or no english at all. This includes kids, old people, people from countries that have letters that are not that easy to transliterate like european languages, people who just want to learn Python for fun or to customize their applications like office suites or GIS software with a Python scripting option. Make it an interpreter option that can be turned on for those cases. No. Make ASCII-only an interpreter option that can be turned on for the cases where it is really required. Make no interpreter options and use `pylint` and `pychecker` for checking if the sources follow your style guide in respect to identifiers. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: cPickle.dumps differs from Pickle.dumps; looks like a bug.
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Daniel Nogradi wrote: The OP was not comparing identity but equality. So it looks like a real bug, I think the following should be True for any function f: if a == b: f(a) == f(b) or not? In [74]: def f(x): : return x / 2 : In [75]: a = 5 In [76]: b = 5.0 In [77]: a == b Out[77]: True In [78]: f(a) == f(b) Out[78]: False And `f()` doesn't even use something like `random()` or `time()` here. ;-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Trying to choose between python and java
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Anthony Irwin wrote: #1 Does python have something like javas .jar packages. A jar file contains all the program files and you can execute the program with java -jar program.jar There are .egg files but usually distributing a program consisting of several files isn't a big problem. There is a mechanism to write a `setup.py` that copies the files into the correct locations. Look for `distutils` in the library docs. #2 What database do people recommend for using with python that is easy to distribute across linux, mac, windows. From Python 2.5 the standard library contains SQLite support. There are third party libraries to many DBMSs like MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle etc. The situation with MySQL bindings under Windows was a bit troublesome recently. The author of the bindings doesn't use Windows and does not provide pre-built binaries. #4 If I write a program a test it with python-wxgtk2.6 under linux are the program windows likely to look right under windows and mac? Likely yes, but you better check. Same applies to Java GUIs. #5 someone said that they used to use python but stopped because the language changed or made stuff depreciated (I can fully remember which) and old code stopped working. Is code written today likely to still work in 5+ years or do they depreciate stuff and you have to update? That sounds odd because the language and standard library is very backwards compatible. There are some things deprecated with a comment in the docs and in some cases runtime warnings, but the code still works. With Python 3.0 some things will break, because there's some cruft in the language and library that accumulated over time, just because backwards compatibility was such a high priority. The 2.x series will be supported for some time parallel to 3.x, so there is enough time to migrate. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], René Fleschenberg wrote: Stefan Behnel schrieb: :) This is not about technical English, this is about domain specific English. How big is your knowledge about, say, biological terms or banking terms in English? Would you say you're capable of modelling an application from the domain of biology, well specified in a large German document, in perfect English terms? As I have said, I don't need to be able to do that (model the application in perfect English terms). It is better to model it in non-perfect English terms than to model it in perfect German terms. Yes, I do sometimes use a dictionary to look up the correct English term for a domain-specific German word when programming. It is rarely necessary, but when it is, I usually prefer to take that effort over writing a mixture of German and English. What about words that can't really be translated because they are not only domain specific but some code within the organization the project is written for? Wouldn't it be much easier for maintenance if the specification, the code, and the users of the program use the same terms for the same things or concepts instead of mixing this with some artificial translations? Maybe you don't need this. The field of programming is very broad and many domains can be translated and make sense in an international context, but e.g. software that should map the workflow of a local company with local laws and regulations and internal names for things and concepts looks strange in both, pure english and mixed local language and english. But the latter is easier to map to the specifications and language of the end users. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], René Fleschenberg wrote: Stefan Behnel schrieb: 2) The with-statement does have proven substantial benefits, IMO. Not to me. I don't use it, so no-one should. Now you are starting to troll? I thought he starts to argument like you. ;-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Storing and searching nodes of a tree
In [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I use these names as keys in a dictionary, and store node's data.
Now given a name like abc, I want to find the key with the following
rule:
If the key exists return the value
If the key does not exist, return the value of the leaf node whose
name is in the given name. For, abc, it is ab . For, ad, it is
a.
I suppose there must be a simpler solution to this problem. I
implemented it like this:
d = {'a':0, 'aa':12, 'ab':43, 'aaa':22, 'aab':343, 'ac':33}
name = 'abc'
key = max( [ x for x in d.iterkeys() if x in name] )
value = d[key]
I can change the data structure from dictinory to tuple of key,value
pairs or any thing, and afford to keep them in a particular order. Is
there any way I can speed up this as I have to do this for around 4000
times with tree size being ~5000.
What about this:
def search(tree, path):
while path:
result = tree.get(path)
if result is not None:
return result
path = path[:-1]
raise KeyError('path not on tree')
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Storing and searching nodes of a tree
In [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
If I have the tree in the dictionary, the code would like this,
def search(tree, path):
while path and not(tree.haskey(path)):
path = path[:-1]
if path:
return tree[path]
else:
raise KeyError('path not on tree')
Another qn -- dict.haskey() takes logn time, am I right?
No it's O(1). Dictionaries are implemented as hash tables. You may write
the condition as:
while path and path not in tree:
That's a little easier to read and a bit faster too as a method lookup is
spared.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Ross Ridge wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So, please provide feedback, e.g. perhaps by answering these questions: - should non-ASCII identifiers be supported? why? Ross Ridge wrote: I think the biggest argument against this PEP is how little similar features are used in other languages Carsten Haese [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: That observation is biased by your limited sample. No. I've actually looked hard to find examples of source code that use non-ASCII identifiers. While it's easy to find code where comments use non-ASCII characters, I was never able to find a non-made up example that used them in identifiers. I think you have to search examples of ASCII sources with transliterated identifiers too, because the authors may have skipped the transliteration if they could have written the non-ASCII characters in the first place. And then I dare to guess that much of that code is not open source. One example are macros in office programs like spreadsheets. Often those are written by semi professional programmers or even end users with transliterated identifiers. If the OpenOffice API wouldn't be so javaesque this would be a good use case for code with non-ASCII identifiers. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Removing part of string
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], saif.shakeel wrote: Hi, I am parsing an xml file ,and one part of structure looks something like this: - COMPARAM id=_338 DDORef=_18 Semantics=timing PhysicalLink=Infotainment_Control_Bus_CAN SHORTNAMEInfotainment_Control_Bus_CAN_TIMEOUT_AX/SHORTNAME LONGNAMETimeout N_As/N_Ar/LONGNAME DESCRIPTIONTime from transmit request until a CAN frame transmit confirmation is received./DESCRIPTION /COMPARAM In my code i am extracting the data within LONGNAME,which is Timeout N_As/N_Ar.These tags repeat and will have different timer names..like - COMPARAM id=_339 DDORef=_18 Semantics=timing PhysicalLink=Infotainment_Control_Bus_CAN SHORTNAMEInfotainment_Control_Bus_CAN_TIMEOUT_BS/SHORTNAME LONGNAMETimeout N_Bs/LONGNAME DESCRIPTIONTime that the transmitter of a multi-frame message shall wait to receive a flow control (FC) frame before timing out with a network layer error./DESCRIPTION /COMPARAM I need to remove the words Timeout from the data,and take only the abbrevation..i.e.N_As/N_bs like that .In short i have to remove the words which come with name Time,and also the space which comes next to it. and take only the abbreviation.Can someone help me in this. You can test for the prefix with the `startswith()` method and use string slicing to create a new string without the prefix: In [3]: prefix = 'Timeout ' In [4]: longname = 'Timeout N_Bs' In [5]: longname.startswith(prefix) Out[5]: True In [6]: longname = longname[len(prefix):] In [7]: longname Out[7]: 'N_Bs' Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Paul Rubin wrote: Alexander Schmolck [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Plenty of programming languages already support unicode identifiers, Could you name a few? Thanks. Haskell. AFAIK the Haskell Report says so but the compilers don't supported it last time I tried. :-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Nick Craig-Wood wrote: My initial reaction is that it would be cool to use all those great symbols. A variable called OHM etc! This is a nice candidate for homoglyph confusion. There's the Greek letter omega (U+03A9) Ω and the SI unit symbol (U+2126) Ω, and I think some omegas in the mathematical symbols area too. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Michel Claveau wrote: And Il1 O0 ? Hm, we should ban digits from identifier names. :-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Michael Torrie wrote: I think non-ASCII characters makes the problem far far worse. While I may not understand what the function is by it's name in your example, allowing non-ASCII characters makes it works by forcing all would-be code readers have to have all kinds of necessary fonts just to view the source code. Things like reporting exceptions too. At least in your example I know the exception occurred in zieheDreiAbVon. But if that identifier is some UTF-8 string, how do I go about finding it in my text editor, or even reporting the message to the developers? I don't happen to have that particular keymap installed in my linux system, so I can't even type the letters! You find it in the sources by the line number from the traceback and the letters can be copy'n'pasted if you don't know how to input them with your keymap or keyboard layout. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Finally started on python..
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Roger Gammans wrote: I found myself using this sort of code a bit in one of my recent scripts class Something: def Entries(self): sort=self._data.keys() sort.sort() for i in sort: yield i IS this preferable to just returning the sort array from the function or not? Which is more runtime efficent. I see no benefit for a generator here as the whole list mus be build for sorting anyway. If you still want return an iterable here it could be written this way: class Something(object): def iter_entries(self): return iter(sorted(self._data.keys())) Just leave out the `iter()` call to return a sorted list. If you want to make `Something` objects iterable over the sorted keys, change the method name to `__iter__()`. Then you can use `Something` objects like this: something = Something() # Puts some entries into `something`. for entry in something: print entry Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to refer to partial list, slice is too slow?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], 人言落日是天涯，望极天涯不见家 wrote: I make a sample here for the more clearly explanation s = . - this is a large string data - ... def parser1(data) # do some parser ... # pass the remainder to next parser parser2(data[100:]) def parser2(data) # do some parser ... # pass the remainder to next parser parser3(data[100:]) def parser3(data) # do some parser ... # pass the remainder to next parser parser4(data[100:]) ... Do you need the remainder within the parser functions? If not you could split the data into chunks of 100 bytes and pass an iterator from function to function. Untested: def iter_chunks(data, chunksize): offset = chunksize while True: result = data[offset:offset + chunksize] if not result: break yield result def parser1(data): chunk = data.next() # ... parser2(data) def parser2(data): chunk = data.next() # ... parser3(data) # ... def main(): # Read or create data. # ... parser1(iter_chunks(data, 100)) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: replacing string in xml file--revisited
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], saif.shakeel wrote: Although this works alone it is nto working when i handle multiple file I/O.Is there a alternative to do this.(maybe without read() operation) Why do you want to change the part that *works* instead of fixing the code that doesn't!? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Minor bug in tempfile module (possibly __doc__ error)
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], James T. Dennis wrote: Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], James T. Dennis wrote: You can change it by simply assigning to the name: In [15]: tempfile.template = 'spam' In [16]: tempfile.template Out[16]: 'spam' I know you can change it. But changing it in your namespace doesn't change the results returned by the functions called from the module. I'm not changing it in my namespace but in the namespace of the `tempfile` module. I don't quite understand how this name/variable in my namespace (__main__) is able to change the value while the functions in the module still hold the old value. Default arguments are evaluated *once* when the ``def`` is executed and not at every function call. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: trouble with generators
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Hans-Peter Jansen wrote: class Gen(object): def records(self, cls): for i in range(3): setattr(cls, id, %s%s % (cls.__doc__, i)) yield cls […] class GenA(Gen): def __init__(self): self.genB = GenB() def records(self): for a in Gen.records(self, A()): Here you create an instance of `A` and pass that *instance* and not the *class*. If you would pass the class here, you must create objects in `Gen.records()`. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Minor bug in tempfile module (possibly __doc__ error)
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], James T. Dennis wrote: Tonight I discovered something odd in the __doc__ for tempfile as shipped with Python 2.4.4 and 2.5: it says: This module also provides some data items to the user: TMP_MAX - maximum number of names that will be tried before giving up. template - the default prefix for all temporary names. You may change this to control the default prefix. ... which would lead one to think that the following code would work: import tempfile tempfile.template = 'mytest' tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() tf.name '/tmp/mytest-XX' It doesn't. The source says: __all__ = [ NamedTemporaryFile, TemporaryFile, # high level safe interfaces mkstemp, mkdtemp, # low level safe interfaces mktemp, # deprecated unsafe interface TMP_MAX, gettempprefix,# constants tempdir, gettempdir ] Maybe the doc should be clearer in saying constants too. Secondly, the author(s) of the tempfile module apparently didn't understand this either. And no one else even noticed that the __doc__ is wrong (or at least misleading -- since the only way I can see to change tempfile.template is to edit the .py file! You can change it by simply assigning to the name: In [15]: tempfile.template = 'spam' In [16]: tempfile.template Out[16]: 'spam' If you want to change the outcome of the functions and objects then simply give the prefix as argument. In [21]: tempfile.mktemp(prefix='eggs') Out[21]: '/tmp/eggsBqiqZD' In [22]: a = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix='eric') In [23]: a.name Out[23]: '/tmp/ericHcns14' ... why can't I change that value in that other namespace? Is it a closure? (Or like a closure?) Where is this particular aspect of the import/namespace semantics documented? You *can* change it, but it is not used by the code in that module. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: error in the if, elif, else statement ?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], juan-manuel.behrendt wrote: Hello together, I wrote a script for the engineering software abaqus/CAE. It worked well until I implemented a selection in order to variate the variable lGwU through an if elif, else statement. I am going to post the first 82 lines of the script, since the error message points at line 80: from abaqusConstants import * from abaqus import * def CreateSchraube(name, l, flag=None, flag2=None): import part vp = session.currentViewportName model = session.sessionState[vp]['modelName'] m = mdb.models[model] s = m.ConstrainedSketch(name='__profile__', sheetSize=1000.0) s.ConstructionLine(point1=(0.0, -500.0), point2=(0.0, 500.0)) if flag==1: dh = 15.0 z = 15.0 dz = 60.0 d = 72.0 f = 1.0 dD = f*62.0 lGwO = 110.0 if flag2==11: # here appears the beginning of the new impletation in order to variate lGwU lGwU = 0.8*d # you can see these inner if, elif, else statement 4 times, because elif flag2==12:# the outer if, elif, else statement (which works!) has 4 cases lGwU = 1.0*d elif flag==13: lGwU = 1.2*d else: pass elif flag==2: dh = 15.0 z = 15.0 dz = 60.0 d = 72.0 f = 1.0 dD = f*62.0 lGwO = 110.0 if flag2==11: lGwU = 0.8*d elif flag2==12: lGwU = 1.0*d elif flag==13: lGwU = 1.2*d else: pass elif flag==3: dh = 25.0 z = 15.0 dz = 68.0 d = 80.0 f = 1.0 dD = f*71.5 lGwO = 120.0 if flag2==11: lGwU = 0.8*d elif flag2==12: lGwU = 1.0*d elif flag==13: lGwU = 1.2*d else: pass elif flag==4: dh = 25.0 z = 15.0 dz = 68.0 d = 80.0 f = 1.0 dD = f*71.5 lGwO = 120.0 if flag2==11: lGwU = 0.8*d elif flag2==12: lGwU = 1.0*d elif flag==13: lGwU = 1.2*d else: pass else: pass xyCoords = ((dh/2, -z), (dz/2, -z), (dz/2, 0), (d/2, 0),# this is line 80, where the error message points at (d/2, lGwU), (dD/2, (d-dD)/ (2*tan(radians(12)))+lGwU), (dD/2, l-lGwO-z-(d-dD)/ (2*tan(radians(20, (d/2, l-lGwO-z), (d/2, l-z), (dh/2, l-z), (dh/ 2, -z)) So, a lot of code, I hope somebody will read it. My Problem ist the error message, which says: #* UnboundLocalError: local variable 'lGwU' referenced before assignment #*File C:\ABAQUS_Products\6.6-3\abaqus_plugins\Schraube.py, line 80, in #*CreateSchraube #* xyCoords = ((dh/2, -z), (dz/2, -z), (dz/2, 0), (d/2, 0), So the error message is quite clear, however it is not suitable to what I've written in my script, because the local variable 'lGwU' IS assigned before referenced and, furthermore in line 80 lGwU does not appear. It is not assigned, otherwise you would not get this error. The line number is also correct because it's the start of the construct or logical line where the name is referenced. Just look at the very next line in the source. Another strange thing is, that the first two cases, where lGwU = 0.8*d and lGwU = 1.0*d is, do work in my abaqus script. So the error message only occurs if I choose lGwU = 1.2*d. Take a look at the condition for that case(s). You are testing `flag` instead of `flag2`. Maybe you should have written ``raise SomeError`` or ``assert False`` instead of all those useless ``else: pass``. If this branch is taken, obviously `lGwU` is not bound. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Getting some element from sets.Set
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Since any element of the set serves as a name (and you know the sets are all non- empty), it'd be very nice to have a .element() method, or some such. I guess iter(s).next() works okay, but it's not very readable, and I wonder if it's efficient. Give it a name and it gets more readable: def get_name(setobj): return iter(setobj).next() Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Designing a graph study program
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], andrea wrote: But I have some design doubts, I'd like to keep the algorithm (for example bfs) as clean as possible, being independent from the drawing methods. And how could I make it step through algorithms without having a more complicated code? Maybe using threads? Create an API that informs some observer about actions like visiting a node, traversing or adding an egde and so on. This way you can register callbacks that translate between the graph and the GUI. If you don't want to change the algorithm or graph and node classes this notification can be injected by wrapper classes to some degree. For very fine grained observation of an algorithm you might try to implement a step by step debugger. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ipython environment question
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Shane Geiger
wrote:
Run the script and then try to change the variable project_name from the
ipython prompt and then type create()
and the new value you assigned will *not* be used. I tried to use def
create(project_name = project_name): Even that didn't work.
What slight of hand is necessary?
import os, sys
project_name = 'python_packages'
group_name = 'sgeiger'
repo = '/var/svn'
def create(repo=repo,group_name=group_name,project_name=project_name):
#def create():
#os.system(sudo mkdir -p + repo )
#os.system(sudo svnadmin create + repo)
#os.system(sudo chown -R + group_name + + repo)
print sudo mkdir -p + repo + '/' + project_name
print sudo svnadmin create + repo + '/' + project_name
print sudo chown -R + group_name + + repo + '/' + project_name
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv.append('-cl')
from IPython.Shell import IPShellEmbed
ipshell = IPShellEmbed()
print Please set these variables: project_name, group_name ...and
then type create()
### I even tried to put all my
ipshell() # this call anywhere in your program will start IPython
You have to call the function with arguments. The default values are only
evaluated once when the ``def`` statement is executed, not every time the
function is called.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Atttribute error
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], HMS Surprise wrote: The snippet below causes an attribute error. AttributeError: module 'urllib' has no attribute 'urlopen' I am using python 2.2.3. According to the documentation at C: \Python22\Doc\lib urllib has a function called urlopen. Do you have a file called `urllib.py` in the current directory? Then this gets imported instead of the module in the standard library. Add this directly after the ``import`` to see what's happening: print urllib.__file__ print dir(urllib) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Towards faster Python implementations - theory
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Paul Boddie wrote: On the typing front, the neatest way to express typing is via initialization. With the Shed Skin restrictions, if all variables are initialized before use (preferably in __init__), there's no need to maintain an undefined flag for a variable. And, of course, if the type of a varaible is simple and can't change, it doesn't have to be boxed, (enclosed in an object) which is a big win. A variable? :-) Maybe that last sentence should start with: And, of course, if the type of objects bound to a name won't change… I'm fairly sure, although my intuition unfortunately doesn't provide a ready example right now, that typing via initialisation, whilst an important tool, may either impose unacceptable restrictions if enforced too rigidly or limit the precision that one might desire in determining type information in the resulting system. I often bind a name to `None` first if it is going to be bound to it's real value later on. So this initialization doesn't say anything about the type(s) that will be bound to it later. I don't see how this type inference for static types will work unless some of the dynamism of the language will get restricted. But is this really necessary? Isn't a JIT compiler and maybe type hinting good enough? By type hinting I really mean just recommendations from the programmer. So you can say this name should be an `int` and the JIT compiler produces code in advance, but it's okay to pass another object instead. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Name Format
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Grant Edwards wrote: On 2007-05-08, Anand [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How do I convert programmatically the file names from WIN32 to UNIX format? You don't need to. AFAIK, all legal WIN32 filenames are legal UNIX file names. Doesn't this depend more on the file system than the operating system? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Suggestions for how to approach this problem?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], John Salerno wrote: I have a large list of publication citations that are numbered. The numbers are simply typed in with the rest of the text. What I want to do is remove the numbers and then put bullets instead. Now, this alone would be easy enough, with a little Python and a little work by hand, but the real issue is that because of the way these citations were typed, there are often line breaks at the end of each line -- in other words, the person didn't just let the line flow to the next line, they manually pressed Enter. So inserting bullets at this point would put a bullet at each line break. So I need to remove the line breaks too, but of course not *all* of them because each reference still needs a line break between it. So I'm hoping I could get an idea or two for approaching this. I figure regular expressions will be needed, and maybe it would be good to remove the line breaks first and *not* remove a line break that comes before the numbers (because that would be the proper place for one), and then finally remove the numbers. I think I have vague idea how the input looks like, but it would be helpful if you show some example input and wanted output. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Designing a graph study program
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], andrea wrote: Interesting but what do you mean for two graph-implementatio that share the same interface?? I don't have abstract classes or interfaces in python, am I wrong? You are thinking of some kind of types or enforcements. If two classes have some methods with the same names and the same semantics they share the same interface. And a class that isn't meant to be instantiated or doesn't implement all methods is an abstract class. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: N00b question on Py modules
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], lokesh.jagasia wrote: My python module: _exitcode = 0 def setExitCode(): _exitcode = 1 if __name__ == '__main__': print _exitcode setExitCode() print _exitcode Actual O/P: 0 0 I expected to see an output of 0 followed by 1. But it turns out that the _exitcode variable is not changed at all. It seems that setExitCode() might be editing a local copy of the _exitcode variable. But then, how do I tell it to change the value of the module variable and not its local variable. Any name that gets bound to an object within a function is local to that function unless you declare it as ``global``. But using lots of global variables is considered bad style so you may think about rewriting functions with ``global`` names to return the value(s) instead: _exitcode = 0 def set_exitcode(): return 1 if __name__ == '__main__': print _exitcode _exitcode = set_exitcode() print _exitcode Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Examples / Links needed
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Andy wrote: Gurus, I'm looking for definite examples (pardon me if I'm not clear here) on Stack class...Somewhat like this : class Stack(object): def __init__(self__) self.__contents = [] I don't know what to tell you here without writing the thing for you. Ask yourself what operations a `Stack` needs and look at the documentation for `list` operations. It's pretty easy to map the stack operations to `list` ones. and ad hoc implementation of a class based on number system like for example somewhat like this def __imult__(self, other): self.__numerator *= other.__numerator self.__denominator *= other.__denominator . . return self So what exactly is your problem? Take a number like, look at the methods it implements and do this for your number like class. I'm not satisfied with Python Docs. Why? What does `Emulating numeric types`_ in the reference manual lack in your opinion? .. _Emulating numeric types: http://docs.python.org/ref/numeric-types.html Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: long lists
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Merrigan wrote: The Script it available at this url : http://www.lewendewoord.co.za/theScript.py P.S. I know it looks like crap, but I'm a n00b, and not yet through the OOP part of the tutorial. One spot of really horrible runtime is the `comp_are()` function, it has quadratic runtime. Why the funny spelling BTW? Why are you binding the objects to new names all the time and calling `str()` repeatedly on string objects? The names `a`, `b` and `fn2up` are unnecessary, you can use `file1`, `file2` and `filename` instead. And ``str(str(b))`` on a string object is a no-operation. It's the same as simply writing ``b``. Those two nested ``for``-loops can be replaced by converting both lists into `set()` objects, calculating the difference and convert back to a sorted list: def compare(remote, local): return sorted(set(local) - set(remote)) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: is for reliable?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi to all I have a question about the for statement of python. I have the following piece of code where cachefilesSet is a set that contains the names of 1398 html files cached on my hard disk [snipped code] this code stops at the 473th file instead of reaching 1398 however I changed the for and substituted it with a while in this way while cachefilesSet: fn = cachefilesSet.pop() ... ... the while loop reaches the 1398th file and is some 3-4 times faster than the for loop How is this possible? Good question. ``for`` loops are of course reliable. Can you give a short self contained example that shows the behavior? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie prob: How to write a file with 3 threads?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], est wrote: I need to write a file using 3 threads simutaniously, e.g. Thread 1 write the first byte of test.bin with an a, second thread write the second byte b, third thread write the third byte c. Anyone could give a little example on how to do that? Simplest solution is: don't do that. Write from one thread and send the date from the other threads via a `Queue.Queue` to the writing thread. Send the number of the thread with the data so the writer thread knows in which order the data has to be written. I have my code, but it makes python intepreter crash everytime on my Vista. Show minimal (non-)working code, tell us the exception plus traceback and explain crash. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Looping over lists
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], prad wrote: On Friday 04 May 2007 18:40:53 Tommy Grav wrote: Can anyone help me with the right approach for this in python? for each in a: for item in a[a.index(each)+1:]: print each,item will produce 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 3 2 4 2 5 3 4 3 5 4 5 But only if the elements in the list are unique. And the runtime is suboptimal because `index()` is doing a linear search -- the outer loop becomes slower and slower with each iteration. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python regular expressions just ain't PCRE
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Wiseman wrote: Note: I know there are LALR parser generators/parsers for Python, but the very reason why re exists is to provide a much simpler, more productive way to parse or validate simple languages and process text. (The pyparse/yappy/yapps/insert your favourite Python parser generator here argument could have been used to skip regular expression support in the language, or to deprecate re. Would you want that? And following the same rule, why would we have Python when there's C?) I don't follow your reasoning here. `re` is useful for matching tokens for a higher level parser and C is useful for writing parts that need hardware access or raw speed where pure Python is too slow. Regular expressions can become very unreadable compared to Python source code or EBNF grammars but modeling the tokens in EBNF or Python objects isn't as compact and readable as simple regular expressions. So both `re` and higher level parsers are useful together and don't supersede each other. The same holds for C and Python. IMHO. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do I get type methods?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Thomas Nelson wrote: On May 4, 7:59 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Let me retype my question: what I 'dir()' in case of 'pyuno' type instance? Or in case of 'dict' type instance? Or in case of any other new python type? class Foo: ... def f(self,x): ... print x+1 ... def g(self,x): ... print x-1 ... dir(Foo) ['__doc__', '__module__', 'f', 'g'] Is this not what you want? These are the only methods in the Foo class. The OPs problem is, there is no access to the class or type because there is no name. You can get just instances from a factory function. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: newbie: copy base class fields
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], tmp123 wrote: The following small program gives an error: #!/usr/bin/python # class A: def __init__(self): self.v1=1 def __repr__(self): return v1=%d\n % self.v1 class B(A): def __init__(self,a): self=a self.v2=2 def __repr__(self): return A.__repr__(self) + (v2=%d\n % self.v2) x=A() print x y=B(x) print y $ ./prueba.pl v1=1 Traceback (most recent call last): File ./prueba.pl, line 23, in module print y File ./prueba.pl, line 17, in __repr__ return A.__repr__(self) + (v2=%d\n % self.v2) File ./prueba.pl, line 9, in __repr__ return v1=%d\n % self.v1 AttributeError: B instance has no attribute 'v1' It seems that the statement self=a is not the correct way to copy all the fields of the base class from the __init__ argument to the new object. This binds the local name `self` to the same object that is bound to `a`. Now you have lost the reference to the instance, so the next line sets the attribute `v2` on the object passed to the constructor of the `B` object. Of course, it is not an option to copy one by one all the fields of class A inside the __init__ of B. Several variants of the program produces similar results. Please, could someone explain which way is the correct way? Call the `__init__()` of `A`: class B(A): def __init__(self, a): A.__init__(self) self.v2 = 2 Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ascii to unicode line endings
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], fidtz wrote: import codecs testASCII = file(c:\\temp\\test1.txt,'w') testASCII.write(\n) testASCII.close() testASCII = file(c:\\temp\\test1.txt,'r') testASCII.read() '\n' Bit pattern on disk : \0x0D\0x0A testASCII.seek(0) testUNI = codecs.open(c:\\temp\\test2.txt,'w','utf16') testUNI.write(testASCII.read()) testUNI.close() testUNI = file(c:\\temp\\test2.txt,'r') testUNI.read() '\xff\xfe\n\x00' Bit pattern on disk:\0xff\0xfe\0x0a\0x00 Bit pattern I was expecting:\0xff\0xfe\0x0d\0x00\0x0a\0x00 testUNI.close() Files opened with `codecs.open()` are always opened in binary mode. So if you want '\n' to be translated into a platform specific character sequence you have to do it yourself. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to replace the last (and only last) character in a string?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Johny wrote: Let's suppose s='12345 4343 454' How can I replace the last '4' character? I tried string.replace(s,s[len(s)-1],'r') where 'r' should replace the last '4'. But it doesn't work. Can anyone explain why? Because you can't change strings. Any function or method that changes a string returns a new and modified copy. So does the `string.replace()` function. And you don't bind the result to a name, so it is lost. This is shorter than using `replace()`: In [9]: s = '12345 4343 454' In [10]: s = s[:-1] + 'r' In [11]: s Out[11]: '12345 4343 45r' BTW most things in the `string` module are deprecate because they are available as methods on string objects. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: _csv.Error: string with NUL bytes
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], fscked wrote: The traceback is as follows: Traceback (most recent call last): File createXMLPackage.py, line 35, in ? for boxid, mac, activated, hw_ver, sw_ver, heartbeat, name, address, phone, country, city, in csvreader: _csv.Error: string with NUL bytes Exit code: 1 , 0001h As Larry said, this most likely means there are null bytes in the CSV file. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calling Exe from Python
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], M Abbas wrote: This is what i am required to do. Call an executable from my python script, and when the executable is fininshed running, i should continue with my python script. I have tried os.exec() but it calls the executable and never returns to the calling python script. I tried os.fork it will start an independent process, since logic of my program depends on the results of executable. Take a look at `os.system()` or the `subprocess` module. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: I need help speeding up an app that reads football scores and generates rankings
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], jocknerd wrote: The biggest difference in my two apps is the C app uses linked lists. I feel my Python app is doing too many lookups which is causing the bottleneck. Then replace those linear searches you wrote in Python with a dictionary. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Time functions
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], HMS Surprise wrote: I wish to generate a datetime string that has the following format. '05/02/2007 12:46'. The leading zeros are required. I found '14.2 time' in the library reference and have pulled in localtime. Are there any formatting functions available or do I need to make my own? Perhaps there is something similar to C's printf formatting. You mean like `time.strftime()`!? :-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: I/O Operations .....
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], saif.shakeel wrote: File writing can be done in that way,but my query is something different.I have to rename the output file by default with input file name(only changing the extension. Take a look at the functions in `os.path`. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: regexp match string with word1 and not word2
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Flyzone wrote: for y in range(0, len(skip_lst) ): if (re.search(skip_lst[y], line)): skip=1 break Please try to avoid unnecessary indexes:: for regexp in skip_list: if re.search(regexp, line): skip = True break And if you don't intent to count the `skip`\s a `True` seems to be more readable. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: I can't inherit from compiled classes ?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Maxim Veksler wrote: Hello list, I'm trying to subclass socket and select, for both I get: TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases module.__init__() takes at most 2 arguments (3 given) , I don't understand this error. Why would python try to pass 3 arguments (what are they) ? Googling for this error gave random results talking about try to inherit a Package but socket is definitely a class, (/usr/lib/python2.4/socket.py). Not sure about select thought. I've did the following to receive the error: In [1]: import socket In [2]: class PollingSocket(socket): ...: pass ...: --- exceptions.TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/hq4ever/ipython console TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases module.__init__() takes at most 2 arguments (3 given) What am I breaking wrong? You are trying to subclass a module here, just like the error message says. The module contains a `socket` type: In [3]: import socket In [4]: type(socket) Out[4]: type 'module' In [5]: type(socket.socket) Out[5]: type 'type' `select.select()` is a function: In [6]: import select In [7]: type(select.select) Out[7]: type 'builtin_function_or_method' Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner Ping program
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Linus Cohen wrote: I'm a newbie to python and programming in general, so I wanted a simple project to start off. What I'm trying to do here is write a python command-line ping program, much like the Unix and Windows ping programs. I've got this much worked out already: class ping def PING(IP, pings, size): Why is it a class? I would have expected a `ping()` function. And you might have a look at `PEP 8 -- Style Guide for Python Code`_ for spelling conventions for class and function names. .. _PEP 8 -- Style Guide for Python Code: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: My newbie annoyances so far
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Bjoern Schliessmann wrote: Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: HP RPL made more sense: b if c [else d] end Please explain. HP RPL: b if c [else d] end Python: b if c else d What's the more sense here? The HP RPL leaves even more questions. If the square brackets mean the ``else`` part is optional, what would be the result of the expression if `c` is `False`? Hypothetical HP RPL syntax construct in Python:: x = 42 if False end print x # - ??? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which are your favorite UML tools?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Russell E. Owen wrote: Some problems are intrinsic to UML (for instance it has no concept of linking use case information to other elements). And I don't know of any way to model functions (only classes). Just model modules as classes and functions as static methods of the module's class. Modules are objects too and can be seen as singletons. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner Ping program
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Linus Cohen wrote: Actually the class ping bit is a placeholder. I'm actually developing a module with python implementations of most standard network/internet tools such as telnet, tracert, whois etc. It will be called inettools, and the ping function is what I'm working on first. Still doesn't explain why it is a class. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: My python annoyances so far
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Steven Howe wrote: And before someone get's all technical, I know everything in Python is an 'object' even None, which implies class, or is it the other way around? Objects don't imply classes. There are object oriented languages without classes like the Io language. Everything there is an object and the base object has a `clone()` method to make a copy. So you make copies of objects and modify them to tweak them into the way you want them. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Memory addressing
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Simon Berube wrote: In short, how do I used Object at Memory Address strings to recreate a an object. You already got the answer: you can't. Either you still have a reference to that object, or the memory address is not guaranteed to point to the object anymore even if you could get an object from a raw memory address. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: If Dict Contains a particular key
In [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Apr 24, 1:41 pm, Steven Bethard [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Steven Howe wrote:
or try:
thedict = { 'a': 1, 'b':2, 'c':3 }
if 'a' in thedict.keys():
print thedict['a']
Better yet, just:
if 'a' in thedict:
...
There's no need for the call to keys().
Why not
if thedict.has_key('a'):
pass
elde:
pass
Additional to the speed argument, the ``in`` operator works with more
types, like lists, sets and iterables. And if someone implements a
container class with membership testing, it is more likely he writes a
`__contains__()` method than a `has_key()` method.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File not read to end
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], andrew.jefferies wrote: On Apr 25, 2:51 pm, Larry Bates [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I'm trying to write a simple log parsing program. I noticed that it isn't reading my log file to the end. My log is around 200,000 lines but it is stopping at line 26,428. I checked that line and there aren't any special characters. This is the file reading code segment that I'm using: sysFile=open(sysFilename,'r') lineCount = 0 for line in sysFile: lineCount +=1 print str(lineCount) + -- + line I also stuck this same code bit into a test script and it was able to parse the entire log without problem. Very quirky. […] I've attached the whole script. Thanks again for your help. There are ``break`` statements in the loop body!? Do you really want to leave the loop at those places? And I've seen at least two times ``somefile.close`` which does just reference the `close()` method but does not *call* it. Parenthesis are the call operator in Python and they are not optional! Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python keywords
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], gtb wrote: Have done some searching but have not found a place where I can look up python keywords. I was looking at a script that contained the following line: assert self.getResponseCode() in (200, 304, 302) I can infer the usage here but previously I had thought that in was only used with 'for. I looked thru 'the Python Reference Manual and found in is a keyword but in skimming thru I found it only with for. The reference manual seems good but seems not to be setup for searching. Or maybe I just missed something. If you look in the library reference index you'll find a link to the `Sequence Types`_ section where it is mentioned as an operator that tests if some object contains another. And the reference manual has an index entry called `in operator` which leads to the page Comparisons_, telling how to overwrite the behaviour in your own classes. .. _Sequence Types: http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq.html .. _Comparisons: http://docs.python.org/ref/comparisons.html Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: My python annoyances so far
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], flifus wrote: Well, why do some things in the library have to be functions, and other things have to be class methods? Why aren't they all just either functions or class methods? like perhaps ruby. To which class should `sorted()` belong to then? Or the functions in the `math` module? What about `itertools`? In languages without functions, like Java, you'll have to write static methods where you really want functions, just because Java forces you to stuff everything into classes. And instead of a simple ``lambda`` function one needs to write an anonymous class with a method. Quite convoluted. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Coding conventions for class names
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Kay Schluehr wrote: set, int, float, list, object,... Don't see any of the basic types following the capitalized word convention for classes covered by PEP 08. This does not hold only for __builtins__ in the strict sense but also for types defined in builtin modules like datetime. Most built-ins are easy to explain: They were functions long before it was possible to use them as base classes and stayed lowercase for backwards compatibility. Don't know about `set` and `object`. I guess it's foolish consistency!? My question is: does anyone actually follow guidelines here and if yes which ones and are they resonable ( e.g. stable with regard to refactoring etc. )? I follow PEP 8 in my (mostly unpublished) code if that does matter to you. :-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subprocess.Popen fails, but os.system works
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], bahoo wrote:
This line of code fails (see error message at the end),
last_line = subprocess.Popen([D:/release/win.exe 0.5 1000 100 D:/
images/img.ppm out.ppm], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
but using os.system works:
os.system('D:/release/win.exe 0.5 1000 100 D:/images/img.ppm out.ppm')
--
C:/Python25/pythonw.exe -u D:/run.pyw
Traceback (most recent call last):
File D:/run.pyw, line 59, in module
process_dir(mydir)
File D:/run.pyw, line 52, in process_dir
segmentation (dir,f)
File D:/run.pyw, line 35, in segmentation
last_line = subprocess.Popen([D:/release/win.exe 0.5 1000 100 D:/
images/img.ppm out.ppm], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
File C:\Python25\lib\subprocess.py, line 593, in __init__
errread, errwrite)
File C:\Python25\lib\subprocess.py, line 793, in _execute_child
startupinfo)
WindowsError: [Error 22] The filename, directory name, or volume label
syntax is incorrect
---
Can anyone tell me why?
You are trying to execute a program named::
D:/release/win.exe 0.5 1000 100 D:/images/img.ppm out.ppm
Such a program does not exist on your computer. ;-)
Give `subprocess.Popen()` a list with the program name and the individual
arguments as elements instead.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python and Javascript equivalence
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Prateek wrote: Try creating a dict with sequential numeric keys. If you already have a list called my_list, you can do: com_array = dict(zip(range(len(my_list)), my_list)) com_array = dict(enumerate(my_list)) That doesn't create the intermediate lists. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Suggestion: str.itersplit()
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Dustan wrote: From my searches here, there is no equivalent to java's StringTokenizer in python, which seems like a real shame to me. However, str.split() works just as well, except for the fact that it creates it all at one go. I suggest an itersplit be introduced for lazy evaluation, if you don't want to take up recourses, and it could be used just like java's StringTokenizer. Comments? Does it really make such a difference? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python un-plugging the Interpreter
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], John Nagle wrote: Many cases are easy. If a smart compiler sees for i in range(n) : ... # something and there are no other assignments to i, then it's clear that i can be represented as an integer, without boxing into a general object. How is it clear that `i` is restricted to integers? That works only if you assume `range` refers to the built-in `range()` function. So the smart compiler has to check all possible control flows up to this point and be sure `range` was not bound to something different. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Feature Request: Explicit variable declarations
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli wrote: Jorgen Grahn [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: As a C and C++ programmer (not a C/C++ programmer), I have to say that Yeah, I wonder, what's C divided by C++ -- maybe about 0.731...? Isn't it 1 unless `C` is 0? The increment happens after the division, right? :-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calling private base methods
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Isaac Rodriguez wrote: But the truth is that C++ and Java made a decision to do that for a reason, and the times when you have to work around those language features come once in a blue moon; they are the exception, not the rule, and you don't implement features in a language, or for that matter in an application, to simplify the exceptions; you try to implement the most common scenarios. So the most common scenario is that programmers try to poke around all the time in the internals of classes even if the need to do so is very rare? Otherwise it would not be necessary to have and use a mechanism to declare everything private. ;-) Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nested dictionaries trouble
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], IamIan wrote: years = [199%s % x for x in range(0,10)] years += [200%s % x for x in range(0,10)] I haven't had any luck doing this in one line though. Is it possible? In [48]: years = map(str, xrange(1999, 2011)) In [49]: years Out[49]: ['1999', '2000', '2001', '2002', '2003', '2004', '2005', '2006', '2007', '2008', '2009', '2010'] Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Syntax error
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], hg wrote: I had the customer comment out the first two lines of the file: #!/bin/env python # -*- coding: iso-8859-15 -*- ... and the problem disappeared. I am at a loss. Any clue ? There was once a bug in Python that lead to such errors if an encoding comment was used. So your costumer might check his Python version and maybe he should update. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to initialize a table of months.
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Steven W. Orr
wrote:
I want to call datetime.datetim() whose arg2 is a number between 1-12 so I
have to convert the month to an integer.
I wrote this, but I have a sneaky suspicion there's a better way to do it.
mons = {'Jan':1, 'Feb':2, 'Mar':3, 'Apr':4, 'May':5, 'Jun':6,
'Jul':7, 'Aug':8, 'Sep':9, 'Oct':10, 'Nov':11, 'Dec':12 }
def mon2int( mon ):
global mons
return mons[mon]
You've already got some answers, I just want to point out that the
``global`` is unnecessary here and that `mons` as a constant should be
spelled in capital letters by convention. And maybe it's better to write
`MONTHS` instead the abbreviation.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: sqlite3 question
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Gabriel
Genellina wrote:
En Thu, 12 Apr 2007 08:43:49 -0300, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
[EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió:
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Jorgen Bodde
wrote:
r = c.execute('select * from song where id = 1')
for s in r:
... print s
...
(1, u'Spikedrivers Blues', u'Mississippi John Hurt')
This should not work because `r` should not be a `Cursor` object. The
`execute()`-Method returns an integer with the number of affected rows.
Actually DBAPI 2.0 says the return value is undefined.
I just remembered the number of affected rows, but that's just for data
manipulation statements like ``UPDATE`` or ``INSERT``. For ``SELECT`` the
method should return `None`. My bad.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pyparsing Catch-22
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], 7stud wrote: However, all of the beginning examples use a Word() in the parse expression, but I couldn't find an adequate explanation of what the arguments to Word() are and what they mean. I finally found the information buried in one of the many documents--the one called Using the Pyparsing Module. If that seems like an obvious place to look, I did start there, but I didn't find it at first. An obvious place should be the docstring of the `Word` class which says: Token for matching words composed of allowed character sets. Defined with string containing all allowed initial characters, an optional string containing allowed body characters (if omitted, defaults to the initial character set), and an optional minimum, maximum, and/or exact length. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to generate a continuous string
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], 人言落日是天涯，望极天涯不见家 wrote: How to generate a continuous string, like this aaa the number of characters is dynamic. Is there a module or function implement this string ? such as: duplicate_string(char, num) Even easier: multiply the string by a number. In [12]: 'a' * 5 Out[12]: 'a' Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file resume
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], luca72 wrote:
if i have one file written in binary mode, how can i append others
binary data to this file after the its closure.
ex
my_file = open('blabal', 'wb')
then i write something and then
my_file.close()
now if i need to open it again and append other binary data how can i
proceed?
Just open it in append mode: ``open('blablal', 'ab')``
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python editor/IDE on Linux?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Dotan Cohen wrote: Has anyone any experience with Python in Kate or Kdevelop? I'm using Kate/KWrite quite often. Syntax highlighting and an auto indention for Python are standard features. The only extra I'm using is the word completion plug-in to spare myself too much typing and limit typing errors in long names. Along with the editor there's always a terminal with IPython running to test and explore my own code and libraries. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to strip the domain name in python?
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Marko.Cain.23
wrote:
On Apr 14, 10:36 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Apr 14, 12:02 am, Michael Bentley [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
On Apr 13, 2007, at 11:49 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi,
I have a list of url names like this, and I am trying to strip out the
domain name using the following code:
http://www.cnn.com
www.yahoo.com
http://www.ebay.co.uk
pattern = re.compile(http:(.*)\.(.*), re.S)
match = re.findall(pattern, line)
if (match):
s1, s2 = match[0]
print s2
but none of the site matched, can you please tell me what am i
missing?
change re.compile(http:(.*)\.(.*), re.S) to re.compile(http:\/
\/(.*)\.(.*), re.S)
Thanks. I try this:
but when the 'line' ishttp://www.cnn.com, I get 's2' com,
but i want 'cnn.com' (everything after the first '.'), how can I do
that?
pattern = re.compile(http:\/\/(.*)\.(.*), re.S)
match = re.findall(pattern, line)
if (match):
s1, s2 = match[0]
print s2
Can anyone please help me with my problem? I still can't solve it.
Basically, I want to strip out the text after the first '.' in url
address:
http://www.cnn.com - cnn.com
from urlparse import urlsplit
def get_domain(url):
net_location = urlsplit(url)[1]
return '.'.join(net_location.rsplit('.', 2)[-2:])
def main():
print get_domain('http://www.cnn.com')
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
