[RELEASED] Python 2.7 alpha 2
On behalf of the Python development team, I'm gleeful to announce the second alpha release of Python 2.7. Python 2.7 is scheduled to be the last major version in the 2.x series. It includes many features that were first released in Python 3.1. The faster io module, the new nested with statement syntax, improved float repr, and the memoryview object have been backported from 3.1. Other features include an ordered dictionary implementation, unittests improvements, and support for ttk Tile in Tkinter. For a more extensive list of changes in 2.7, see http://doc.python.org/dev/whatsnew/2.7.html or Misc/NEWS in the Python distribution. To download Python 2.7 visit: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.7/ Please note that this is a development release, intended as a preview of new features for the community, and is thus not suitable for production use. The 2.7 documentation can be found at: http://docs.python.org/2.7 Please consider trying Python 2.7 with your code and reporting any bugs you may notice to: http://bugs.python.org Have fun! -- Benjamin Peterson 2.7 Release Manager benjamin at python.org (on behalf of the entire python-dev team and 2.7's contributors) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Append to an Excel file
Hi All, How do I add a line to an existing file. This should append to the existing data in the excel file, which was saved previously. Thanks, PP -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Append to an Excel file
On Jan 9, 12:30 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote: Hi All, How do I add a line to an existing file. This should append to the existing data in the excel file, which was saved previously. Thanks, PP http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Clarifications on compiling for Windows
On Jan 7, 10:51 pm, Mensanator mensana...@aol.com wrote: On Jan 8, 12:19 am, peteshinners p...@shinners.org wrote: My presentation for Pycon is coming together, but I need to make sure my information about compiling Python and Python extensions for Windows is correct. I'm really only experienced with this on the Linux side of things. First of all, is the Windows FAQ fairly up to date? Should people be referring to section 6 if they are going to build an application with an embedded Python interpreter?http://www.python.org/doc/faq/windows/#how-can-i-embed-python-into-a-... If I understand correctly, compiled extensions for Python on Windows should match the compiler that was used to build the interpreter itself? Is there a list somewhere that shows which version of msvc was used to compile the recent Python binaries? Thank you for feedback. I definitely want to make sure I have this correct before telling anybody else? You aren't going to try it? At a high level: YES. Avoid FILE* and you are golden on Windows. Works like a charm. MSVC 2008 works for 2.6 with the least effort (I strongly recommend having it installed as that's what the build uses). If you have VS2008 you will have no problem whatsoever with setup.py install, even with C extensions. I'd like to verify the same with earlier versions of VS but I can't. MinGW works, too, but with slightly more effort: there are some command line arguments you have to issue setup.py to know how to use/where the MinGW compiler is. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Append to an Excel file
On Jan 9, 1:47 am, Jason Scheirer jason.schei...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 9, 12:30 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote: Hi All, How do I add a line to an existing file. This should append to the existing data in the excel file, which was saved previously. Thanks, PP http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt Hi Jason and all, Thanks I have seen this.. my question is there a way to append to a excel file which has been closed. Any specific modes which can be added to the sheet so that it adds a line to the data which was return in some earlier running of the program. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Link to module Stack
Link to module Stack: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/e6a0668bb2be9a8e/64cb44a120baeca2?lnk=gstq=stack+module#64cb44a120baeca2 Here's the stack module for py4th. nick ---cut here #!/usr/Util/bin/python # # @(#)stack.py 1.1 # # stack.py # generic stack class. class Stack: def __init__(self): self.__heap = [] def push (self, word): self.__heap.append (word) def pop (self): if len(self.__heap) == 0: raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow result = self.__heap[-1] del self.__heap[-1] return result def __repr__(self): return `self.__heap` def __str__(self): return `self.__heap` def flush (self): self.__heap = [] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: C Module's '1.#INF' changes to 'inf' at Python
On Jan 8, 3:36 pm, Robert Kern robert.k...@gmail.com wrote: On 2010-01-08 07:48 AM, CELEN Erman wrote: My problem is that I’ve noticed a strange behavior in Python while handling FPEs on Windows after switching compilers (msvc8 to msvc9) and I am trying to find out how Python handles INF values to figure out where the problem might be. [...] Python 2.6 changed the string representations of the special floating point values inf and nan. Previously, the string representation was left up to the C runtime, so they differed between platforms. Python 2.6 normalized the string representation across all platforms. The underlying values are the same. What version of Python are you using? In addition to this, for good or ill Python 2.6 also standardized exceptional behaviour for the math module functions: log10(0.0) and sqrt(-1) used to produce different results across implementations, but now both should consistently produce ValueError regardless of the platform. This is achieved by dealing directly with special cases in the input before delegating to the relevant libm function; this of course has an associated performance cost. There are some notes on the (intended) current behaviour at the top of the Modules/ mathmodule.c file: http://svn.python.org/view/*checkout*/python/branches/release26-maint/Modules/mathmodule.c -- Mark -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Link to module Stack
On Sat, 09 Jan 2010 01:07:39 -0800, kzagradskiy wrote: class Stack: def __init__(self): self.__heap = [] A heap has a technical meaning in programming. To describe the internals of a stack as heap will be disconcerting and confusing to anyone who knows about stacks and heaps. def push (self, word): self.__heap.append (word) def pop (self): if len(self.__heap) == 0: raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow InnerInterpreterError is the most inappropriate exception name I've ever seen. It has nothing to do with the interpreter, it's a stack error. result = self.__heap[-1] del self.__heap[-1] That is better written as result = self.__heap.pop(). -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
Daniel Fetchinson wrote: I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. I'd like to encrypt/convert it into a binary file in such a way that possession of a password allows anyone to convert it back into the original text file while not possessing the password one would only see the following with the standard linux utility 'file': [fetchin...@fetch ~]$ file encrypted.data encrypted.data: data and the effort required to convert the file back to the original text file without the password would be equivalent to guessing the password. I'm fully aware of the security implications of this loose specification, but for my purposes this would be a good solution. What would be the simplest way to achieve this using preferably stock python without 3rd party modules? If a not too complex 3rd part module made it really simple that would be acceptable too. Daniel, Here's what looks like another thread veering off into package-ology, leaving a stumped OP behind. Don't use a random generator for encryption purposes! warns the manual, of which fact I was reminded in no uncertain terms on this forum a few years ago when I proposed the following little routine in response to a post very similar to yours. One critic challenged me to encode my credit card data and post it. Which I did. Upon which another critic conjured up the horror vision of gigahertzes hacking my pathetic little effort to pieces as I was reading his message. Of the well-meaning kind, he urged me to put an immediate stop to this foolishness. I didn't. No unplanned expenditures ensued. Or to quote ... I forget who: Fools and innovators are people who don't care much about what one is not supposed to do. So, take or leave what follows for what it is worth or not worth, I am confident it works and would serve your purpose, which, as I understand, is not to write a text book on cryptology. Regards Frederic ## import random def crypt_string (string, key, floor = 0, size_of_set = 255): # key is a number. The sign of that number controls which way the process # goes. If the number is positive, the result is an encryption. A negative # number orders a decryption. if key == 0: return string # No processing import random MAX_CHUNK_SIZE = 32 MIN_CHUNK_SIZE = 16 def process_sequence (sequence): s = '' for c in sequence: r = random.randint (0, size_of_set - 1) s += chr (((ord (c) - floor + r * sign) % size_of_set) + floor) return s def shuffle_sequence (sequence): random.shuffle (sequence) return sequence sign = (key 0) * 2 - 1 random.seed (key * sign) s = '' if sign 0:# forward i = 0 while i len (string): random_size_of_chunk = random.randint (MIN_CHUNK_SIZE, MAX_CHUNK_SIZE) clear_chunk_shuffled = shuffle_sequence (list (string [i:i+random_size_of_chunk])) code_chunk_shuffled = process_sequence (clear_chunk_shuffled) s += code_chunk_shuffled i += len (code_chunk_shuffled) else: # backward i = 0 while i len (string): random_size_of_chunk = random.randint (MIN_CHUNK_SIZE, MAX_CHUNK_SIZE) code_chunk_shuffled = list (string [i:i+random_size_of_chunk]) real_size_of_chunk = len (code_chunk_shuffled) unshuffling_template = shuffle_sequence (range (real_size_of_chunk)) # 1. same ... clear_chunk_shuffled = process_sequence (code_chunk_shuffled) # 2. ... order clear_chunk = real_size_of_chunk * [None] for ii in range (real_size_of_chunk): clear_chunk [unshuffling_template[ii]] = clear_chunk_shuffled [ii] s += ''.join (clear_chunk) i += real_size_of_chunk return s def _crypt_file (in_file, out_file, key): BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 while 1: s = in_file.read (BUFFER_SIZE) if s == '': break out_file.write (crypt_string (s, key)) def crypt_file (in_file_name, out_file_name, key): in_file = open (in_file_name, 'rb') out_file = open (out_file_name, 'wb') _crypt_file (in_file, out_file, key) out_file.close () -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Porblem with xlutils/xlrd/xlwt
Whenever i run the code below I get the following error:
AttributeError: 'Book' object has no attribute 'on_demand'
WARNING: Failure executing file: copy.py
Why is it so??
from xlrd import open_workbook
from xlwt import easyxf
from xlutils.copy import copy
rb = open_workbook('source.xls',formatting_info=True)
rs = rb.sheet_by_index(0)
wb = copy(rb)
ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
plain = easyxf('')
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(2)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,2,cell.value,plain)
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(4)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,4,cell.value-1000)
wb.save('output.xls')
--
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Re: Clarifications on compiling for Windows
First of all, is the Windows FAQ fairly up to date? Fairly, yes. Should people be referring to section 6 if they are going to build an application with an embedded Python interpreter? I think that's very selective in its view of problems - why would I be using SWIG, for example? (yet there are three issues dedicated to SWIG in this section) pythonNN.dll is not in \windows\system, but in system32 or winsxs. pythonNN.lib is *not* a static library, but (as the text then notes) an import library. So even if you link with pythonNN.lib, you *still* need pythonNN.dll at run-time (what is discussed as a drawback of dynamic linking). Of course, it might be possible to build a static library out of Python (which then still might be called pythonNN.lib). IMO, it should be possible to link Python into the executable (at the expense of not supporting dynamic loading of extension modules anymore). If I understand correctly, compiled extensions for Python on Windows should match the compiler that was used to build the interpreter itself? Is there a list somewhere that shows which version of msvc was used to compile the recent Python binaries? See PCbuild/readme.txt of the respective Python release. 2.3: VC 6 2.4, 2.5: VC 7.1 / VS .NET 2003 2.6, 3.1: VC 9 / VS 2008 Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very
simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. I'd like to
encrypt/convert it into a binary file in such a way that possession of
a password allows anyone to convert it back into the original text
file while not possessing the password one would only see the
following with the standard linux utility 'file':
[fetchin...@fetch ~]$ file encrypted.data
encrypted.data: data
and the effort required to convert the file back to the original text
file without the password would be equivalent to guessing the
password.
I'm fully aware of the security implications of this loose
specification, but for my purposes this would be a good solution.
What would be the simplest way to achieve this using preferably stock
python without 3rd party modules? If a not too complex 3rd party
module made it really simple that would be acceptable too.
Paul Rubin's p3.py algorithm is probably the most straightforward way to
meet
these requirements. It's not a standard crypto algorithm by any means,
but
Paul
knows his stuff and has devised it with these deployment restrictions in
mind.
http://www.nightsong.com/phr/crypto/p3.py
Thanks a lot, currently I'm having trouble using this code on python
2.6 but probably some small tweaking will fix it.
Actually, it also doesn't work with python 2.5 and currently I don't
have access to anything older. array.array raises a
ValueError: string length not a multiple of item size
Does anyone recall a change to array.array?
The full traceback is
Traceback (most recent call last):
File p3.py, line 163, inmodule
_test()
File p3.py, line 143, in _test
c1 = e(plain,key)
File p3.py, line 69, in p3_encrypt
xkey = _expand_key(k_enc, n+4)
File p3.py, line 41, in _expand_key
return array ('L', j)
ValueError: string length not a multiple of item size
Are you on a 64-bit platform? Unfortunately, array's integer typecodes are
platform-specific, but p3.py requires a 32-bit integer and was written on a
32-bit platform. It's reasonably straightforward to fix. Put this bit of
(untested) code at the top of the file and replace occurrences of 'L' with
uint32:
# Find the typecode of a 32-bit unsigned integer.
for typecode in 'IL':
if len(array(typecode, [0]).tostring()) == 4:
uint32 = typecode
break
else:
raise RuntimeError(Neither 'I' nor 'L' are unsigned 32-bit integers.)
Thanks!
That was exactly the problem, I'm on a 64 bit machine and your fix
seems to work indeed.
Cheers,
Daniel
--
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--
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Re: table from csv file
On Jan 8, 8:31 pm, J dreadpiratej...@gmail.com wrote:
On Fri, Jan 8, 2010 at 13:55, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Jan 8, 5:59 pm, marlowe marlowequ...@hotmail.com wrote:
I am trying to create a table in python from a csv file where I input
which columns I would like to see, and the table only shows those
columns. I have attached an example of the csv file i am using, and
some of the code I have written. I am having trouble converting
variables between lists, dictionaries and tuples. Is there a name for
what I am attempting to do? any help to get me on the right track with
this is appreciated.
test.csv
I had to edit that and comma delimit it, because cut and paste gave me
random numbers/types of whitespace...
[code snipped]
This might be a useful starting point (I'm guessing this is what
you're after...)
Let's assume your 'CSV' file is tab separated as it's certainly not
comma separated :)
import csv
csvin = csv.reader(open('test.csv'), delimiter='\t')
header = dict( (val.strip(),idx) for idx, val in enumerate(next
(csvin)) )
We can use header as a column name-column index lookup eg header
['Open'] == 1
from operator import itemgetter
wanted = ['Open', 'Close'] # Although you'll want to use raw_input and
split on ','
getcols = itemgetter(*[header[col] for col in wanted])
getcols is a helper function that'll return a tuple of the columns in
the requested order...
for row in csvin:
print getcols(row)
Loop over the rest of the file and output the required columns.
As someone who knows just enough to be dangerous... what about this:
import csv
reader = open('C:/test.txt','rb')
data = csv.DictReader(reader,restval='000',restkey='Misc')
[snip]
DictReader works, but what use to bug me was the fact you couldn't
then output the cols in the 'correct' order afterwards, so you had
to store the header row anyway to re-order the rows...
(although admittedly this doesn't affect the OP's question).
However, I see that 2.6+ offers .fieldnames on DictReader objects.
Cheers,
Jon.
--
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Re: Porblem with xlutils/xlrd/xlwt
On Jan 9, 10:24 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
Whenever i run the code below I get the following error:
AttributeError: 'Book' object has no attribute 'on_demand'
WARNING: Failure executing file: copy.py
Why is it so??
from xlrd import open_workbook
from xlwt import easyxf
from xlutils.copy import copy
rb = open_workbook('source.xls',formatting_info=True)
rs = rb.sheet_by_index(0)
wb = copy(rb)
ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
plain = easyxf('')
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(2)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,2,cell.value,plain)
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(4)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,4,cell.value-1000)
wb.save('output.xls')
I suspect your version of xlrd is not up to date (although I thought
on_demand was ages ago!).
Make sure all the tools are the latest versions from http://www.python-excel.org
There's also a dedicated Google Group for the xl* products listed on
that page.
hth
Jon.
--
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Re: Porblem with xlutils/xlrd/xlwt
On Jan 9, 3:42 am, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 10:24 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
Whenever i run the code below I get the following error:
AttributeError: 'Book' object has no attribute 'on_demand'
WARNING: Failure executing file: copy.py
Why is it so??
from xlrd import open_workbook
from xlwt import easyxf
from xlutils.copy import copy
rb = open_workbook('source.xls',formatting_info=True)
rs = rb.sheet_by_index(0)
wb = copy(rb)
ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
plain = easyxf('')
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(2)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,2,cell.value,plain)
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(4)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,4,cell.value-1000)
wb.save('output.xls')
I suspect your version of xlrd is not up to date (although I thought
on_demand was ages ago!).
Make sure all the tools are the latest versions
fromhttp://www.python-excel.org
There's also a dedicated Google Group for the xl* products listed on
that page.
hth
Jon.
yeah all my versions are latest from http://www.python-excel.org .
just checked!!
what could be the problem?
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Re: lightweight encryption of text file
On 1/9/10, Steven D'Aprano st...@remove-this-cybersource.com.au wrote: On Fri, 08 Jan 2010 20:14:51 +0100, Daniel Fetchinson wrote: I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. I'd like to encrypt/convert it into a binary file in such a way that possession of a password allows anyone to convert it back into the original text file while not possessing the password one would only see the following with the standard linux utility 'file': [fetchin...@fetch ~]$ file encrypted.data encrypted.data: data If that is your sole requirement, No, that was not my sole requirement, I also wrote: and the effort required to convert the file back to the original text file without the password would be equivalent to guessing the password. then the addition of a single non-text byte (say, a null) anywhere in the file would be sufficient to have file identify it as data. Yes, but this would not satisfy the other requirement quoted above. One could read the file without an effort that is equivalent to guessing a random password. You say encrypt/convert -- does this mean that you don't care if people can read the text in a hex editor, so long as file identifies it as data? I do care. See the quote above :) Would something like a binary Vigenere Cipher be sufficient? # Untested def encrypt(plaintext, password): cipher = [] for i, c in enumerate(plaintext): shift = password[i % len(password)] shift = ord(shift) cipher.append((ord(c) + shift) % 256) return ''.join([chr(n) for n in cipher]) def decrypt(ciphertext, password): plain = [] for i, c in enumerate(ciphertext): shift = password[i % len(password)] shift = ord(shift) plain.append((256 + ord(c) - shift) % 256) return ''.join([chr(n) for n in plain]) Thanks, this looks simple enough and probably sufficient for my purposes! I'll see if I'll use this or Paul Rubin's p3.py. Is it acceptable if there is a chance (small, possibly vanishingly small) that file will identify it as text? As far as I know, even the heavyweight serious encryption algorithms don't *guarantee* that the cipher text will include non-text bytes. Hmmm, that's a good point, but actually it doesn't matter if 'file' identifies it as text with a very small probability. and the effort required to convert the file back to the original text file without the password would be equivalent to guessing the password. If you seriously mean that, then lightweight encryption won't do the job, because it is vulnerable to frequency analysis, which is easier than guessing the password. You need proper, heavy-weight encryption. Well, probably you are right and I should have been more clear. What typically people call obfuscation is sufficient for me, as long as the obfuscation involves a password, something that your solution seems to do. I'm fully aware of the security implications of this loose specification, but for my purposes this would be a good solution. Can you explain what your objection to real encryption is? Not much really, I simply don't want to overkill, that's all. First and foremost I wouldn't want to introduce a dependency on a 3rd party module and also wouldn't want to read documentation of a complex API when all I need are two functions: encrypt( text, password) and decrypt( text, password ). I really like your solution because that's all it does. The problem is that, as I see it, you've assumed a solution rather than state what your requirements are. I'm *guessing* that you are more concerned of having to learn to use a complex API, Well, that's sort of true about learning a complex API :) But it's also true that I'm not storing anything really valuable in the file but still wouldn't want to leave it lying around in plain text. In case I lose the laptop with the file I seriously doubt anybody who finds it will go through each and every file and try to find what's in it, even though they look like data files and there is no hint what so ever that any one of them contains encrypted info. If they see a text file, well, that can give them ideas, so let's encrypt a little bit. So basically that's the story, granted, it's not a full specification or anything like that, it's a description of a vague situation but that's really all I have :) Cheers, Daniel -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. I'd like to encrypt/convert it into a binary file in such a way that possession of a password allows anyone to convert it back into the original text file while not possessing the password one would only see the following with the standard linux utility 'file': [fetchin...@fetch ~]$ file encrypted.data encrypted.data: data and the effort required to convert the file back to the original text file without the password would be equivalent to guessing the password. I'm fully aware of the security implications of this loose specification, but for my purposes this would be a good solution. What would be the simplest way to achieve this using preferably stock python without 3rd party modules? If a not too complex 3rd part module made it really simple that would be acceptable too. Daniel, Here's what looks like another thread veering off into package-ology, leaving a stumped OP behind. Don't use a random generator for encryption purposes! warns the manual, of which fact I was reminded in no uncertain terms on this forum a few years ago when I proposed the following little routine in response to a post very similar to yours. One critic challenged me to encode my credit card data and post it. Which I did. Upon which another critic conjured up the horror vision of gigahertzes hacking my pathetic little effort to pieces as I was reading his message. Of the well-meaning kind, he urged me to put an immediate stop to this foolishness. I didn't. No unplanned expenditures ensued. Or to quote ... I forget who: Fools and innovators are people who don't care much about what one is not supposed to do. So, take or leave what follows for what it is worth or not worth, I am confident it works and would serve your purpose, which, as I understand, is not to write a text book on cryptology. Regards Frederic ## import random def crypt_string (string, key, floor = 0, size_of_set = 255): # key is a number. The sign of that number controls which way the process # goes. If the number is positive, the result is an encryption. A negative # number orders a decryption. if key == 0: return string # No processing import random MAX_CHUNK_SIZE = 32 MIN_CHUNK_SIZE = 16 def process_sequence (sequence): s = '' for c in sequence: r = random.randint (0, size_of_set - 1) s += chr (((ord (c) - floor + r * sign) % size_of_set) + floor) return s def shuffle_sequence (sequence): random.shuffle (sequence) return sequence sign = (key 0) * 2 - 1 random.seed (key * sign) s = '' if sign 0:# forward i = 0 while i len (string): random_size_of_chunk = random.randint (MIN_CHUNK_SIZE, MAX_CHUNK_SIZE) clear_chunk_shuffled = shuffle_sequence (list (string [i:i+random_size_of_chunk])) code_chunk_shuffled = process_sequence (clear_chunk_shuffled) s += code_chunk_shuffled i += len (code_chunk_shuffled) else: # backward i = 0 while i len (string): random_size_of_chunk = random.randint (MIN_CHUNK_SIZE, MAX_CHUNK_SIZE) code_chunk_shuffled = list (string [i:i+random_size_of_chunk]) real_size_of_chunk = len (code_chunk_shuffled) unshuffling_template = shuffle_sequence (range (real_size_of_chunk)) # 1. same ... clear_chunk_shuffled = process_sequence (code_chunk_shuffled) # 2. ... order clear_chunk = real_size_of_chunk * [None] for ii in range (real_size_of_chunk): clear_chunk [unshuffling_template[ii]] = clear_chunk_shuffled [ii] s += ''.join (clear_chunk) i += real_size_of_chunk return s def _crypt_file (in_file, out_file, key): BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 while 1: s = in_file.read (BUFFER_SIZE) if s == '': break out_file.write (crypt_string (s, key)) def crypt_file (in_file_name, out_file_name, key): in_file = open (in_file_name, 'rb') out_file = open (out_file_name, 'wb') _crypt_file (in_file, out_file, key) out_file.close () Thanks a lot! Your description is a good fit for my purposes, indeed I don't plan on writing a text book on encryption :) Also, I don't plan on encrypting credit card numbers either, all I need is that a file doesn't look obviously full of ascii characters but something that is generic data. And since it will not be an entire system, with lots of files of this type, only we are talking about a single file, there is no incentive to decipher my algorithm. I'll take a look at your code, thanks a lot, Daniel -- Psss, psss, put it down! - http://www.cafepress.com/putitdown --
Re: Porblem with xlutils/xlrd/xlwt
On Jan 9, 10:44 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 3:42 am, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 10:24 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
Whenever i run the code below I get the following error:
AttributeError: 'Book' object has no attribute 'on_demand'
WARNING: Failure executing file: copy.py
Why is it so??
from xlrd import open_workbook
from xlwt import easyxf
from xlutils.copy import copy
rb = open_workbook('source.xls',formatting_info=True)
rs = rb.sheet_by_index(0)
wb = copy(rb)
ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
plain = easyxf('')
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(2)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,2,cell.value,plain)
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(4)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,4,cell.value-1000)
wb.save('output.xls')
I suspect your version of xlrd is not up to date (although I thought
on_demand was ages ago!).
Make sure all the tools are the latest versions
fromhttp://www.python-excel.org
There's also a dedicated Google Group for the xl* products listed on
that page.
hth
Jon.
yeah all my versions are latest fromhttp://www.python-excel.org.
just checked!!
what could be the problem?
Does rb = xlrd.open_workbook('somesheet.xls', on_demand=True) work by
itself?
--
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Re: Link to module Stack
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Sat, 09 Jan 2010 01:07:39 -0800, kzagradskiy wrote: class Stack: def __init__(self): self.__heap = [] A heap has a technical meaning in programming. To describe the internals of a stack as heap will be disconcerting and confusing to anyone who knows about stacks and heaps. def push (self, word): self.__heap.append (word) def pop (self): if len(self.__heap) == 0: raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow InnerInterpreterError is the most inappropriate exception name I've ever seen. It has nothing to do with the interpreter, it's a stack error. It has everything to do with the (Forth) interpreter. Exceptions can readily be named according to their application -- it's not always about Python. Anyway, Forth has an inner-interpreter and an outer-interpreter, and the name will make sense to a Forth programmer. result = self.__heap[-1] del self.__heap[-1] That is better written as result = self.__heap.pop(). or even better, without the extra local var: def pop (self): if len(self.__heap) == 0: raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow return self.__heap.pop(1) P.S. - I'm puzzled why the OP even put this message here. There's no question posted with it. DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Porblem with xlutils/xlrd/xlwt
On Jan 9, 3:52 am, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 10:44 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 3:42 am, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 10:24 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
Whenever i run the code below I get the following error:
AttributeError: 'Book' object has no attribute 'on_demand'
WARNING: Failure executing file: copy.py
Why is it so??
from xlrd import open_workbook
from xlwt import easyxf
from xlutils.copy import copy
rb = open_workbook('source.xls',formatting_info=True)
rs = rb.sheet_by_index(0)
wb = copy(rb)
ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
plain = easyxf('')
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(2)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,2,cell.value,plain)
for i,cell in enumerate(rs.col(4)):
if not i:
continue
ws.write(i,4,cell.value-1000)
wb.save('output.xls')
I suspect your version of xlrd is not up to date (although I thought
on_demand was ages ago!).
Make sure all the tools are the latest versions
fromhttp://www.python-excel.org
There's also a dedicated Google Group for the xl* products listed on
that page.
hth
Jon.
yeah all my versions are latest fromhttp://www.python-excel.org.
just checked!!
what could be the problem?
Does rb = xlrd.open_workbook('somesheet.xls', on_demand=True) work by
itself?
Yes it does. The problem is with line: wb = copy(rb)
here I am getting the error: AttributeError: 'Book' object has no
attribute 'on_demand'
Thanks ..
--
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Re: lightweight encryption of text file
Anthra Norell wrote: div class=moz-text-flowed style=font-family: -moz-fixedDaniel Fetchinson wrote: I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. I'd like to encrypt/convert it into a binary file in such a way that possession of a password allows anyone to convert it back into the original text file while not possessing the password one would only see the following with the standard linux utility 'file': [fetchin...@fetch ~]$ file encrypted.data encrypted.data: data and the effort required to convert the file back to the original text file without the password would be equivalent to guessing the password. I'm fully aware of the security implications of this loose specification, but for my purposes this would be a good solution. What would be the simplest way to achieve this using preferably stock python without 3rd party modules? If a not too complex 3rd part module made it really simple that would be acceptable too. Daniel, Here's what looks like another thread veering off into package-ology, leaving a stumped OP behind. Don't use a random generator for encryption purposes! warns the manual, of which fact I was reminded in no uncertain terms on this forum a few years ago when I proposed the following little routine in response to a post very similar to yours. One critic challenged me to encode my credit card data and post it. Which I did. Upon which another critic conjured up the horror vision of gigahertzes hacking my pathetic little effort to pieces as I was reading his message. Of the well-meaning kind, he urged me to put an immediate stop to this foolishness. I didn't. No unplanned expenditures ensued. Or to quote ... I forget who: Fools and innovators are people who don't care much about what one is not supposed to do. So, take or leave what follows for what it is worth or not worth, I am confident it works and would serve your purpose, which, as I understand, is not to write a text book on cryptology. Regards Frederic snip The problem I'd have with this approach (not studied in detail), is that there's no reason that next year's Python must use the same random number generator, or the same shuffle algorithm. So in order to assure that encrypted archives will be recoverable, one should store with them the CPython implementation, in source form, just in case that's needed to reconstruct things. DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to get many places of pi from Machin's Equation?
Machin's Equation is 4 arctan (1/5) - arctan(1/239) = pi/4 Using Python 3.1 and the math module: from math import atan, pi pi 3.141592653589793 (4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4 3.1415926535897936 (4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4 == pi False abs((4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4) - pi .01 False abs((4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4) - pi .0001 False abs((4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4) - pi .001 True Is there a way in Python 3.1 to calculate pi to greater accuracy using Machin's Equation? Even to an arbitrary number of places? Thanks, Dick Moores -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Link to module Stack
Dave Angel da...@ieee.org wrote: or even better, without the extra local var: def pop (self): if len(self.__heap) == 0: raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow return self.__heap.pop(1) pop(1)? Anyway if would be simpler and almost certainly faster to not bother checking before the pop: def pop(self): try: return self.__heap.pop() except IndexError: raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow and if performance mattered the OP might even consider pre-binding the pop method in __init__: self.__pop = self.__heap.pop but that's probably premature optimisation. P.S. - I'm puzzled why the OP even put this message here. There's no question posted with it. Me too. It's a repost of something from 2004. Bizarre. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Accessing python from a network share in windows 7
aj mailtome200420032...@gmail.com writes: I access python from a network share. This works fine on XP but on windows 7 it throws the following error: Python 2.6.1 (r261:67517, Dec 4 2008, 16:51:00) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import random Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module File t:\win32\python-2.6.1\lib\random.py, line 871, in module _inst = Random() File t:\win32\python-2.6.1\lib\random.py, line 96, in __init__ self.seed(x) File t:\win32\python-2.6.1\lib\random.py, line 110, in seed a = long(_hexlify(_urandom(16)), 16) WindowsError: [Error 127] The specified procedure could not be found Is there some security policy that I need to enable/disable to use python from a network on windows 7? Well, there was just a complaint about this sort of thing on a local newsgroup here. Specifically, someone was trying to execute a Windows program from a share and every time Windows 7 pops up a warning window saying that the program is maybe from the evil interwebby and are you really sure you actually want to run it. So probably that's the command line version of same. Solution is apparently specifying your server to be in the local intranet, in IE's security settings. Apparently there is a non-working autodetection for what is a local intranet, so specifying the server IP address by hand in the advanced settigns is the working solution. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Standardized interpreter speed evaluation tool
Chris Rebert wrote: On Fri, Jan 8, 2010 at 2:25 AM, alexru tara...@gmail.com wrote: Is there any standardized interpreter speed evaluation tool? Say I made few changes in interpreter code and want to know if those changes made python any better, which test should I use? Although apparently undocumented, test.pystone is some sort of interpreter benchmark. It's undocumented because it's not considered a representative benchmark.Sure, you can use it to get *some* idea of relative performance, but a single program is a very poor tool for such a complex topic a comparing implementations of a dynamic language. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 PyCon is coming! Atlanta, Feb 2010 http://us.pycon.org/ Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ UPCOMING EVENTS:http://holdenweb.eventbrite.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
Daniel Fetchinson fetchin...@googlemail.com writes: I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. I'd like to encrypt/convert it into a binary file in such a way that possession of a password allows anyone to convert it back into the original text file while not possessing the password one would only see the following with the standard linux utility 'file': [fetchin...@fetch ~]$ file encrypted.data encrypted.data: data [...] This is probably not what you want, but it is very simple and doesn't import any module:) I am not qualified to say how easy it is to discover the message without the password. def str2int(txt): return reduce(lambda n, c: n*255 + ord(c), txt, 0) def int2str(n): chars = [] while n: n, o = divmod(n, 255) chars.append(chr(o)) return ''.join(reversed(chars)) def encrypt(txt, pwd): return int2str(str2int(txt)*str2int(pwd)) def decrypt(txt, pwd): return int2str(str2int(txt)/str2int(pwd)) def test(txt, pwd): encrypted_txt = encrypt(txt, pwd) decrypted_txt = decrypt(encrypted_txt, pwd) print text:%r % txt print encrypted:%r % encrypted_txt print decrypted:%r % decrypted_txt test(This encryption scheme is definitely unbreakable., secret) text:'This encryption scheme is definitely unbreakable.' encrypted:'2\xa5\xd4\x17i+E\x01k\xfa\x94\xf80\xa8\x8f\xea.w\x128\xf1\xd9\x0f9\xf2t\xc9\r`\x90%\xd6\xf3~\x1f\x00%u\x8a\xe4\xe0\xa7\xb8\xb0ec)S\xcb\xf2\xec' decrypted:'This encryption scheme is definitely unbreakable.' -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Append to an Excel file
pp wrote: On Jan 9, 1:47 am, Jason Scheirer jason.schei...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 9, 12:30 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote: Hi All, How do I add a line to an existing file. This should append to the existing data in the excel file, which was saved previously. Thanks, PP http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt Hi Jason and all, Thanks I have seen this.. my question is there a way to append to a excel file which has been closed. Any specific modes which can be added to the sheet so that it adds a line to the data which was return in some earlier running of the program. If you are talking about an XLS file and not a CSV then it's a highly structured object, and you can't just stick bits on the end with any expectation that Excel will know what to do with the new data. The most likely outcomes would be Excel either complaining the file format is invalid or ignoring the extra data. If it's a CSV file, then f = open(file, a) should do it. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 PyCon is coming! Atlanta, Feb 2010 http://us.pycon.org/ Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ UPCOMING EVENTS:http://holdenweb.eventbrite.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: creating tar file and streaming it over HTTP?
OK, thanks to the feedback from everyone I got the PUT from a client to the WSGI server working. I'm now trying to go the other way around: use a tar stream in one of the functions in the WSGI server in order to send files to the client. Problem is that the WSGI specs expects an iterator as return value for streaming, whereas TarFile needs to write to a file obj. Is there any way I can get these two to work together? Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Something More Elegant
Hi; The following code works fine. I would like you to suggest something more simple and elegant: sql = 'select p.ID from %sPackages p join %sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=%s;' % (store, store, categoryID) cursor.execute(sql) tmp = [itm[0] for itm in cursor] packageIDs = [] for t in tmp: if t not in packageIDs: packageIDs.append(t) TIA, beno -- The Logos has come to bear http://logos.13gems.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
Your code select some ids from database and list distinct ids in packageIDs. You can use SELECT DISTINCT in your SQL statement. On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 11:23 AM, Victor Subervi victorsube...@gmail.comwrote: Hi; The following code works fine. I would like you to suggest something more simple and elegant: sql = 'select p.ID from %sPackages p join %sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=%s;' % (store, store, categoryID) cursor.execute(sql) tmp = [itm[0] for itm in cursor] packageIDs = [] for t in tmp: if t not in packageIDs: packageIDs.append(t) TIA, beno -- The Logos has come to bear http://logos.13gems.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
Victor Subervi wrote: Hi; The following code works fine. I would like you to suggest something more simple and elegant: sql = 'select p.ID from %sPackages p join %sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=%s;' % (store, store, categoryID) cursor.execute(sql) tmp = [itm[0] for itm in cursor] packageIDs = [] for t in tmp: if t not in packageIDs: packageIDs.append(t) You mean like sql = select distinct p.ID from ... % (...) # cursor.execute(sql) package_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()] It would also help if you didn't pass the categoryID as a string-formatted value, but as a proper parameter, something like sql = ... where c.categoryid=? % (store, store) cursor.execute(sql, (category_id,)) This helps prevent SQL-injection attacks (assuming you have full control over the value of store...otherwise, as you've been advised, if the remote user has control over the value in store, you're asking to be exploited). You'd have to check the place-holder character for your particular back-end: import your database engine as db print db.paramstyle should tell you whether to use ?, %s, or some other notation. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 8:39 AM, Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.comwrote:
Victor Subervi wrote:
Hi;
The following code works fine. I would like you to suggest something more
simple and elegant:
sql = 'select p.ID from %sPackages p join %sCategoriesPackages c
where
c.CategoryID=%s;' % (store, store, categoryID)
cursor.execute(sql)
tmp = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
packageIDs = []
for t in tmp:
if t not in packageIDs:
packageIDs.append(t)
You mean like
sql = select distinct p.ID from ... % (...)
Oh, that's good!
#
cursor.execute(sql)
package_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
It would also help if you didn't pass the categoryID as a string-formatted
value, but as a proper parameter, something like
sql = ... where c.categoryid=? % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (category_id,))
I now have the following:
sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;' % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
It threw this error:
/var/www/html/angrynates.com/christians/cart/display.py
141 print '/td/tr/table\n'
142 cursor.close()
143 bottom()
144
145 display()
display = function display
/var/www/html/angrynates.com/christians/cart/display.py in display()
109 categoryID = cursor.fetchone()[0]
110 sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;' % (store, store)
111 cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
112 packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
113 for pid in packageIDs:
global cursor = MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object, cursor.execute = bound
method Cursor.execute of MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object, sql = 'select
distinct p.ID from productsPackages p join productsCategoriesPackages c
where c.CategoryID=?;', categoryID = 1L
/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py in
execute(self=MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object, query='select distinct p.ID
from productsPackages p join productsCategoriesPackages c where
c.CategoryID=?;', args=(1L,))
146 query = query.encode(charset)
147 if args is not None:
148 query = query % db.literal(args)
149 try:
150 r = self._query(query)
query = 'select distinct p.ID from productsPackages p join
productsCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;', db = weakproxy at
0x2b79db9dc470 to Connection, db.literal = bound method Connection.literal
of _mysql.connection open to 'localhost' at 142be8b0, args = (1L,)
TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting
args = ('not all arguments converted during string formatting',)
This helps prevent SQL-injection attacks (assuming you have full control
over the value of store...otherwise, as you've been advised, if the remote
user has control over the value in store, you're asking to be exploited).
They have control over it. I pass it in the url. Please advise.
You'd have to check the place-holder character for your particular
back-end:
import your database engine as db
print db.paramstyle
Printed format. What's that mean? I use MySQLdb
TIA,
beno
--
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Re: Another Screwy Problem
On Sat, 2010-01-09 at 07:59 -0500, Victor Subervi wrote: On Fri, Jan 8, 2010 at 4:44 PM, J. Clifford Dyer j...@sdf.lonestar.org wrote: Victor Subervi wrote: Hi; I have this line of code: sql = 'select Name, Price from %sPackages where ID=%s;' % (store, pid) which prints to this: select Name, Price from productsPackages where ID=1; which when I enter it into the MySQL interpreter gives me this: mysql select Name, Price from productsPackages where ID=1; +--++ | Name | Price | +--++ | pkg | 123.45 | +--++ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) exactly what I expect. However, in my script for some reason it returns this: ((1,),) First, got your other email. I thought I had executed the statement. Oops. Works fine now. Sorry. First, never use string formatting to pass parameters to your database. Read the MySQLdb documentation (or sqlite, or psycopg2) documentation for reasons why, and how to do it right. The only thing I found, which collaborates with something someone else taught me on this list about entering binary data, is that one must pass the parameters in the execute statement. Is that what you mean? If so, I find that for all purposes thus far other than binary data, the way I've been doing it seems to work just fine. I would prefer to keep doing it that way, because I find putting a print statement between the sql= line and the execute statement gives me a good opportunity to review the sql statement and catch errors. Is this not good practice? Thanks. beno This is a horrendous practice. You leave yourself vulnerable not only to attacks, but to simple absent-mindedness as well. Using parameters in your execute statement will handle all necessary quoting for you, which eliminates the possibility of a bad query sneaking in. For more information, as I mentioned, look up SQL injection. Also, read this: http://xkcd.com/327/ Cheers, Cliff -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another Screwy Problem
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 9:07 AM, J. Cliff Dyer j...@sdf.lonestar.org wrote: On Sat, 2010-01-09 at 07:59 -0500, Victor Subervi wrote: On Fri, Jan 8, 2010 at 4:44 PM, J. Clifford Dyer j...@sdf.lonestar.org wrote: Victor Subervi wrote: Hi; I have this line of code: sql = 'select Name, Price from %sPackages where ID=%s;' % (store, pid) which prints to this: select Name, Price from productsPackages where ID=1; which when I enter it into the MySQL interpreter gives me this: mysql select Name, Price from productsPackages where ID=1; +--++ | Name | Price | +--++ | pkg | 123.45 | +--++ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) exactly what I expect. However, in my script for some reason it returns this: ((1,),) First, got your other email. I thought I had executed the statement. Oops. Works fine now. Sorry. First, never use string formatting to pass parameters to your database. Read the MySQLdb documentation (or sqlite, or psycopg2) documentation for reasons why, and how to do it right. The only thing I found, which collaborates with something someone else taught me on this list about entering binary data, is that one must pass the parameters in the execute statement. Is that what you mean? If so, I find that for all purposes thus far other than binary data, the way I've been doing it seems to work just fine. I would prefer to keep doing it that way, because I find putting a print statement between the sql= line and the execute statement gives me a good opportunity to review the sql statement and catch errors. Is this not good practice? Thanks. beno This is a horrendous practice. You leave yourself vulnerable not only to attacks, but to simple absent-mindedness as well. Using parameters in your execute statement will handle all necessary quoting for you, which eliminates the possibility of a bad query sneaking in. For more information, as I mentioned, look up SQL injection. Also, read this: http://xkcd.com/327/ Thanks :) beno -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to get many places of pi from Machin's Equation?
On Jan 9, 10:31 pm, Richard D. Moores rdmoo...@gmail.com wrote: Machin's Equation is 4 arctan (1/5) - arctan(1/239) = pi/4 Using Python 3.1 and the math module: from math import atan, pi pi 3.141592653589793 (4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4 3.1415926535897936 (4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4 == pi False abs((4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4) - pi .01 False abs((4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4) - pi .0001 False abs((4*atan(.2) - atan(1/239))*4) - pi .001 True Is there a way in Python 3.1 to calculate pi to greater accuracy using Machin's Equation? Even to an arbitrary number of places? Considering that my namesake calculated pi to 100 decimal places with the computational equipment available in 1706 (i.e. not much), I'd bet you London to a brick that Python (any version from 0.1 onwards) could be used to simulate his calculations to any reasonable number of places. So my answers to your questions are yes and yes. Suggestion: search_the_fantastic_web(machin pi python) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
Victor Subervi wrote:
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 8:39 AM, Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.com
mailto:python.l...@tim.thechases.com wrote:
Victor Subervi wrote:
Hi;
The following code works fine. I would like you to suggest
something more
simple and elegant:
sql = 'select p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where
c.CategoryID=%s;' % (store, store, categoryID)
cursor.execute(sql)
tmp = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
packageIDs = []
for t in tmp:
if t not in packageIDs:
packageIDs.append(t)
You mean like
sql = select distinct p.ID from ... % (...)
Oh, that's good!
#
cursor.execute(sql)
package_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
It would also help if you didn't pass the categoryID as a
string-formatted value, but as a proper parameter, something like
sql = ... where c.categoryid=? % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (category_id,))
I now have the following:
sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;' % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
It threw this error:
/var/www/html/angrynates.com/christians/cart/display.py
http://angrynates.com/christians/cart/display.py
141 print '/td/tr/table\n'
142 cursor.close()
143 bottom()
144
145 display()
display = function display
/var/www/html/angrynates.com/christians/cart/display.py
http://angrynates.com/christians/cart/display.py in display()
109 categoryID = cursor.fetchone()[0]
110 sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;' % (store, store)
111 cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
112 packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
113 for pid in packageIDs:
global cursor = MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object, cursor.execute = bound
method Cursor.execute of MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object, sql = 'select
distinct p.ID from productsPackages p join productsCategoriesPackages c
where c.CategoryID=?;', categoryID = 1L
/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py in
execute(self=MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object, query='select distinct
p.ID from productsPackages p join productsCategoriesPackages c where
c.CategoryID=?;', args=(1L,))
146 query = query.encode(charset)
147 if args is not None:
148 query = query % db.literal(args)
149 try:
150 r = self._query(query)
query = 'select distinct p.ID from productsPackages p join
productsCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;', db = weakproxy at
0x2b79db9dc470 to Connection, db.literal = bound method
Connection.literal of _mysql.connection open to 'localhost' at
142be8b0, args = (1L,)
TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting
args = ('not all arguments converted during string formatting',)
This helps prevent SQL-injection attacks (assuming you have full
control over the value of store...otherwise, as you've been
advised, if the remote user has control over the value in store,
you're asking to be exploited).
They have control over it. I pass it in the url. Please advise.
You'd have to check the place-holder character for your particular
back-end:
import your database engine as db
print db.paramstyle
Printed format. What's that mean? I use MySQLdb
TIA,
beno
Given that you actually started this thread by asking a good question
that showed you had done some independent work, I'll bite.
The problem is something that was discussed in one of your other
numerous threads by John Machin and me. The issue is the
parameterization of (i.e. sticking variable bits into) SQL queries.
When you write
curs.execute(some sql query with %s and %s in it, (data1, data2))
the second argument to execute is supposed to contain data values. This
allows the SQL engine to do the preparatory work for a query once, and
then use the same prepared query then next time it's executed. The
preparation involves scanning the SQL query to make sure the syntax is
correct, validating the table and column names, and developing a query
execution plan that is a sequence of internal operations the database
performs to get you the answer you want. (SQL, unlike Python, is a
declarative language - rather than telling it what to do you describe
the results you want to see and the engine works out how to provide it).
Of course, if different tables are used for different queries then there
is no hope that the same execution plan can be used for them. For this
reason most database processors (and this certainly includes the one you
are using) don't allow you to
Re: How to get many places of pi from Machin's Equation?
En Sat, 09 Jan 2010 08:31:49 -0300, Richard D. Moores rdmoo...@gmail.com escribió: Is there a way in Python 3.1 to calculate pi to greater accuracy using Machin's Equation? Even to an arbitrary number of places? You may be interested in Demo/scripts/pi.py in the source distribution. It can generate pi with infinite precision, limited by available memory only. And this thread from last month: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/e37bb8c59f2e5582/ -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
En Sat, 09 Jan 2010 11:01:25 -0300, Victor Subervi
victorsube...@gmail.com escribió:
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 8:39 AM, Tim Chase
python.l...@tim.thechases.comwrote:
It would also help if you didn't pass the categoryID as a
string-formatted
value, but as a proper parameter, something like
sql = ... where c.categoryid=? % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (category_id,))
I now have the following:
sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;' % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
It threw this error:
TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting
args = ('not all arguments converted during string formatting',)
You'd have to check the place-holder character for your particular
back-end:
import your database engine as db
print db.paramstyle
Printed format. What's that mean? I use MySQLdb
That means, MySQLdb uses %s as a placeholder for parameter substitution --
same as Python when doing string interpolation. Unfortunately this will
confuse things. In your code above, the ? near the end should become %s --
but you don't want THAT %s to be interpreted by Python at that time,
instead it must remain as a literal %s until the cursor.execute line. You
have to escape the % by doubling it: %%s
sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=%%s;' % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
--
Gabriel Genellina
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: restructuredText editor ?
On 01/09/2010 03:32 AM, Florian Diesch wrote: Petervm...@mycircuit.org writes: What editor do people out there use to edit .rst files for sphinx-python documentation ? Emacs with ReST mode and YASnippet Florian Great, works very well and thanks for mentionning YASnippets ( useful for many types of documents ) Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
And you should use cursor.fetchall() instead of cursor in list
comprehension:
packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor.fetchall()]
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 1:01 PM, Gabriel Genellina gagsl-...@yahoo.com.arwrote:
En Sat, 09 Jan 2010 11:01:25 -0300, Victor Subervi
victorsube...@gmail.com escribió:
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 8:39 AM, Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.com
wrote:
It would also help if you didn't pass the categoryID as a
string-formatted
value, but as a proper parameter, something like
sql = ... where c.categoryid=? % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (category_id,))
I now have the following:
sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=?;' % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
It threw this error:
TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting
args = ('not all arguments converted during string formatting',)
You'd have to check the place-holder character for your particular
back-end:
import your database engine as db
print db.paramstyle
Printed format. What's that mean? I use MySQLdb
That means, MySQLdb uses %s as a placeholder for parameter substitution --
same as Python when doing string interpolation. Unfortunately this will
confuse things. In your code above, the ? near the end should become %s --
but you don't want THAT %s to be interpreted by Python at that time, instead
it must remain as a literal %s until the cursor.execute line. You have to
escape the % by doubling it: %%s
sql = 'select distinct p.ID from %sPackages p join
%sCategoriesPackages c where c.CategoryID=%%s;' % (store, store)
cursor.execute(sql, (categoryID,))
packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor]
--
Gabriel Genellina
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
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Microsoft Office Word and Python (Win XP)
Hi. Im very new with python. I have got some answer on my issue to use interop or COM ''plugins'' to access MS Word through python but i don't even know what those two ''plugins'' are so I cannot use them. What I want to do is the following: I need the script that moves (only moves, not change or delete!) entire (100% of the text) text from one .doc file to another. But its not so easy as it sounds. The target .doc file is not the only one but can be many of them. All the target .doc files are always in the same folder (same path) but all of them don't have the same name. The .doc file FROM where I want to move entire text is only one, always in the same folder (same path) and always with the same file name. Names of the target are only similar but as I have said before, not the same. Here is the point of whole script: Target .doc files have the names: HD1.doc HD2.doc HD3.doc HD4.doc and so on What I would like to have is moved the entire (but really all of the text, must be 100% all) text into the .doc file with the highest ( ! ) number. The target .doc files will always start with ''HD'' and always be similar to above examples. It is possible that the doc file (target file) is only one, so only HD1.doc. Therefore ''1'' is the maximum number and the text is moved into this file. Sometimes the target file is empty but usually won't be. If it won't be then the text should be moved to the end of the text, into first new line (no empty lines inbetween). So for example in the target file which has the maximum number in its name is the following text: a b c In the file from which I want to move the text is: d This means I need in the target file this: a b c d Could someone tell me please how to do this? Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 9:35 AM, Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com wrote: But we are now in the realm of theory as far as you are concerned, since you have already stated several times that you aren't interested in correcting your design until after you have got the current mess into production. So good luck with that. And if you were in my shoes, I'm sure you'd do the same thing. Well, it *is* working now :)) And I am interested in cleaning this up. I should probably start with the matter of databases, since that's something I won't be able to easily change once clients actually start entering data. Please share with me any further concepts or questions to get me thinking how to redesign the databases. TIA, beno -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Porblem with xlutils/xlrd/xlwt
On Jan 9, 9:56 pm, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 3:52 am, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 10:44 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 3:42 am, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Jan 9, 10:24 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote:
yeah all my versions are latest fromhttp://www.python-excel.org.
just checked!!
How did you check?
what could be the problem?
Does rb = xlrd.open_workbook('somesheet.xls', on_demand=True) work by
itself?
Yes it does. The problem is with line: wb = copy(rb)
here I am getting the error: AttributeError: 'Book' object has no
attribute 'on_demand'
Please replace the first 4 lines of your script by these 6 lines:
import xlrd
assert xlrd.__VERSION__ == 0.7.1
from xlwt import easyxf
from xlutils.copy import copy
rb = xlrd.open_workbook(
'source.xls',formatting_info=True, on_demand=False)
and run it again. Please copy all the output and paste it into your
response.
--
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Re: Something More Elegant
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 10:14 AM, Iuri iurisil...@gmail.com wrote: And you should use cursor.fetchall() instead of cursor in list comprehension: packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor.fetchall()] Now, someone else on this list told me the other. Can you explain the difference? TIA, beno -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to get many places of pi from Machin's Equation?
On Jan 9, 11:31 am, Richard D. Moores rdmoo...@gmail.com wrote: Is there a way in Python 3.1 to calculate pi to greater accuracy using Machin's Equation? Even to an arbitrary number of places? There's no arbitrary-precision version of atan included with Python. You could write your own (e.g., based on argument reduction + Taylor series) for use with the decimal module, or you could use one of the various 3rd party arbitrary-precision arithmetic packages that do provide atan. Mark -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Scripting (was Re: Python books, literature etc)
Just to kind of get back on topic: Before buying a book or making a terribly large investment, OP should consider the fact that Python 3 is out and gaining some popularity. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to get many places of pi from Machin's Equation?
On Jan 9, 11:31 am, Richard D. Moores rdmoo...@gmail.com wrote: Machin's Equation is 4 arctan (1/5) - arctan(1/239) = pi/4 [...] Is there a way in Python 3.1 to calculate pi to greater accuracy using Machin's Equation? Even to an arbitrary number of places? Here's some crude code (no error bounds, possibility of infinite loops, ...) that computes pi to 1000 places using Machin's formula and the decimal module. The last few digits will be bogus, and should be ignored. from decimal import Decimal, getcontext def atan(x): # reductions reductions = 0 while 100*abs(x) 1: reductions += 1 x /= 1 + (1+x*x).sqrt() # Taylor series sum = 0 xpow = x x2 = x*x k = 1 while True: term = xpow/k oldsum = sum sum += term if sum == oldsum: break k += 2 xpow *= -x2 return sum * 2**reductions getcontext().prec = 1000 one = Decimal(1) print(16*atan(one/5) - 4*atan(one/239)) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Easy Q
Hi; I have a string.join statement on a variable that comes from a cgi.FieldStorage().getlist. The variable may be a list or a single value. I need to treat it differently depending on which it is. How can I distinguish it? len(var) will obviously give me the length of the string if it's a string and the length of the list if it's a list. TIA, beno -- The Logos has come to bear http://logos.13gems.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Link to module Stack
On Sat, 09 Jan 2010 05:56:36 -0500, Dave Angel wrote:
InnerInterpreterError is the most inappropriate exception name I've
ever seen. It has nothing to do with the interpreter, it's a stack
error.
It has everything to do with the (Forth) interpreter. Exceptions can
readily be named according to their application -- it's not always about
Python. Anyway, Forth has an inner-interpreter and an
outer-interpreter, and the name will make sense to a Forth programmer.
Pardon me, but I *am* a Forth programmer. Or was, it's been many years,
and I'm rusty. I guess this is a difference of terminology: what you're
calling an inner interpreter and an outer interpreter I know of as the
Forth engine and the (text) interpreter. Gforth refers to them as such,
so did Leo Brodie's Forth books, and the (ancient) Macintosh Forth
compiler Mach 2.
But in any case... a stack is an general-purpose data structure, and the
error message shouldn't be coupled so tightly to one use. That would be
like this (made-up) example:
1/0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
GraphicsApplicationError: too few pixels to calculate average
Ridiculous, yes?
Yes, Forth uses a stack (technically two, a parameter stack and a return
stack, and some implementations include a third, floating point, stack).
Virtually all languages use stacks in their implementation, and Python
byte-code is also stack-based.
result = self.__heap[-1]
del self.__heap[-1]
That is better written as result = self.__heap.pop().
or even better, without the extra local var:
def pop (self):
if len(self.__heap) == 0:
raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow
return self.__heap.pop(1)
pop(1)? I don't think so.
L = list('abcdef')
L.pop(1)
'b'
L
['a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
You probably meant pop(-1), but that's unnecessary because pop defaults
to popping from the end of the list.
P.S. - I'm puzzled why the OP even put this message here. There's no
question posted with it.
Me too.
--
Steven
--
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Re: How to get many places of pi from Machin's Equation?
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 07:57, Mark Dickinson dicki...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 9, 11:31 am, Richard D. Moores rdmoo...@gmail.com wrote: Machin's Equation is 4 arctan (1/5) - arctan(1/239) = pi/4 [...] Is there a way in Python 3.1 to calculate pi to greater accuracy using Machin's Equation? Even to an arbitrary number of places? Here's some crude code (no error bounds, possibility of infinite loops, ...) that computes pi to 1000 places using Machin's formula and the decimal module. The last few digits will be bogus, and should be ignored. from decimal import Decimal, getcontext def atan(x): # reductions reductions = 0 while 100*abs(x) 1: reductions += 1 x /= 1 + (1+x*x).sqrt() # Taylor series sum = 0 xpow = x x2 = x*x k = 1 while True: term = xpow/k oldsum = sum sum += term if sum == oldsum: break k += 2 xpow *= -x2 return sum * 2**reductions getcontext().prec = 1000 one = Decimal(1) print(16*atan(one/5) - 4*atan(one/239)) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Great! Done in Python 3 with arctan and the decimal module. And the first 997 digits were accurate. Just what I was after. I don't believe the Chudnovsky algorithm has been mentioned. It isn't what I wanted, but it is amazing. (http://pastebin.com/f2a77629f) Thanks, everyone! Dick Moores -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: table from csv file
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 05:26, Jon Clements jon...@googlemail.com wrote:
reader = open('C:/test.txt','rb')
data = csv.DictReader(reader,restval='000',restkey='Misc')
[snip]
DictReader works, but what use to bug me was the fact you couldn't
then output the cols in the 'correct' order afterwards, so you had
to store the header row anyway to re-order the rows...
(although admittedly this doesn't affect the OP's question).
However, I see that 2.6+ offers .fieldnames on DictReader objects.
At a guess, and I stipulate that because I am just learning about all
this, I'd say that's because DictReader returns a dictionary for each
row retrieved... It DOES take the first row and make those the dict
keys, but after that, it just returns a Dict for each rows and
dictionaries seem to be randomly ordered.
It may not be that great if you're doing something that needs order,
but all he's doing is pulling arbitrary columns from a file and
printing as a table, so that works great in this case...
It was quite interesting messing around with that yesterday. I saw
the question, and it looked interesting, so I went and learned and
applied ;-) I'm rather smugly satisfied with myself ...
Cheers,
Jeff
--
Samuel Goldwyn - I'm willing to admit that I may not always be
right, but I am never wrong. -
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/s/samuel_goldwyn.html
--
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Re: Easy Q
Victor Subervi wrote: Hi; I have a string.join statement on a variable that comes from a cgi.FieldStorage().getlist. The variable may be a list or a single value. I need to treat it differently depending on which it is. How can I distinguish it? len(var) will obviously give me the length of the string if it's a string and the length of the list if it's a list. 1. string.join isn't a statement, it's a function, and why are you using it anyway? Strings have a .join method: , .join([first, second, third]) 'first, second, third' 2. Are you sure cgi.FieldStorage().getlist sometimes returns a single value instead of a list? If that's the case then it's a very odd name for the method! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Easy Q
Victor Subervi wrote: Hi; I have a string.join statement on a variable that comes from a cgi.FieldStorage().getlist. The variable may be a list or a single value. I need to treat it differently depending on which it is. How can I distinguish it? len(var) will obviously give me the length of the string if it's a string and the length of the list if it's a list. TIA, beno Like this: if isinstance(var, list): ... join ... else: ... ??? ... Gary Herron -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[RELEASED] Python 2.7 alpha 2
On behalf of the Python development team, I'm gleeful to announce the second alpha release of Python 2.7. Python 2.7 is scheduled to be the last major version in the 2.x series. It includes many features that were first released in Python 3.1. The faster io module, the new nested with statement syntax, improved float repr, and the memoryview object have been backported from 3.1. Other features include an ordered dictionary implementation, unittests improvements, and support for ttk Tile in Tkinter. For a more extensive list of changes in 2.7, see http://doc.python.org/dev/whatsnew/2.7.html or Misc/NEWS in the Python distribution. To download Python 2.7 visit: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.7/ Please note that this is a development release, intended as a preview of new features for the community, and is thus not suitable for production use. The 2.7 documentation can be found at: http://docs.python.org/2.7 Please consider trying Python 2.7 with your code and reporting any bugs you may notice to: http://bugs.python.org Have fun! -- Benjamin Peterson 2.7 Release Manager benjamin at python.org (on behalf of the entire python-dev team and 2.7's contributors) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Direct use of bytearray buffers with ctypes ?
Hello I'm having big trouble wrapping the win32 ReadFile() function with ctypes. I wanted to allow the user to give a bytearray to this function, so that the writable buffer of this bytearray is directly used to receive the data from the file ; thus, no temporary copy in a separate ctype buffer would be required. However, I've found no way to provide ReadFile with a pointer to the inner buffer of the bytearray object. I get misc. TypeErrors and ValueErrors all the time, by trying to use the from_buffer() method or other ctypes functions. Is that actually posisble to expose with ctypes the internals of a python object to the system, or is that unsupported at the moment ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Office Word and Python (Win XP)
On Jan 9, 4:12 pm, 3lvss0...@gmail.com 3lvss0...@gmail.com wrote: Hi. Im very new with python. I have got some answer on my issue to use interop or COM ''plugins'' to access MS Word through python but i don't even know what those two ''plugins'' are so I cannot use them. What I want to do is the following: I need the script that moves (only moves, not change or delete!) entire (100% of the text) text from one .doc file to another. But its not so easy as it sounds. The target .doc file is not the only one but can be many of them. All the target .doc files are always in the same folder (same path) but all of them don't have the same name. The .doc file FROM where I want to move entire text is only one, always in the same folder (same path) and always with the same file name. Names of the target are only similar but as I have said before, not the same. Here is the point of whole script: Target .doc files have the names: HD1.doc HD2.doc HD3.doc HD4.doc and so on What I would like to have is moved the entire (but really all of the text, must be 100% all) text into the .doc file with the highest ( ! ) number. The target .doc files will always start with ''HD'' and always be similar to above examples. It is possible that the doc file (target file) is only one, so only HD1.doc. Therefore ''1'' is the maximum number and the text is moved into this file. Sometimes the target file is empty but usually won't be. If it won't be then the text should be moved to the end of the text, into first new line (no empty lines inbetween). So for example in the target file which has the maximum number in its name is the following text: a b c In the file from which I want to move the text is: d This means I need in the target file this: a b c d Could someone tell me please how to do this? Thank you. Hi, I will try to head you in the right direction with the Python/MS.Word link. First of all, you need to install the win32 extension. See http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/ Once you have this installed you can instantiate a MS.Word application like this (code untested): from win32com.client import Dispatch app = Dispatch(Word.Application) app.Visible = True The code so-far is more or less equivalent to opening Word without opening a document (normally Word will start with an empty document). To open a document do something like the following. doc = app.Documents.Open(c:\\example.doc) Further builtin Python modules that could be helpfull are: glob- for searching files matching a pattern os, os.path - for path related functionality like stripping directory names from a complete path Take a look at the online documentation for more information http://docs.python.org/modindex.html Good luck and let us know the result. Marco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Office Word and Python (Win XP)
On 1/9/2010 10:12 AM, 3lvss0...@gmail.com wrote: I need the script that moves (only moves, not change or delete!) entire (100% of the text) text from one .doc file to another. If you want to copy files without modification, use the OS copy command. You can use the subprocess module to do that from Python. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Easy Q
Victor Subervi wrote: Hi; I have a string.join statement on a variable that comes from a cgi.FieldStorage().getlist. The variable may be a list or a single value. I need to treat it differently depending on which it is. How can I distinguish it? len(var) will obviously give me the length of the string if it's a string and the length of the list if it's a list. TIA, beno If you have to do an explicit type check of your variable, use an if statement, and the isinstance() built-in function. Note that you can check for multiple types, like list and tuple, in the same function call. DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
interactive terminal in Ubuntu Linux : libreadline5-dev works only in Python 2.6 not 3.1
On Jan 6 I inquired how to fix the 3.1.1 interactive terminal in Ubuntu Linux. Left arrow yields ^[[D , etc. casevh helped by suggesting libreadline5-dev be installed. Did so with Synaptic Package Manager. The behavior of the Python 3.3.1 terminal is unchanged but the 2.6.2 terminal is corrected. Is there any way to fix the 3.1.1 terminal command line ? Thanks, Dave WB3DWE pdlem...@earthlink.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Easy Q
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 11:56 AM, Gary Herron gher...@islandtraining.comwrote: Victor Subervi wrote: Hi; I have a string.join statement on a variable that comes from a cgi.FieldStorage().getlist. The variable may be a list or a single value. I need to treat it differently depending on which it is. How can I distinguish it? len(var) will obviously give me the length of the string if it's a string and the length of the list if it's a list. TIA, beno Like this: if isinstance(var, list): ... join ... else: ... ??? ... Right.. Thanks! beno -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 1:00 PM, Dennis Lee Bieber wlfr...@ix.netcom.comwrote: On Sat, 9 Jan 2010 10:28:31 -0500, Victor Subervi victorsube...@gmail.com declaimed the following in gmane.comp.python.general: On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 10:14 AM, Iuri iurisil...@gmail.com wrote: And you should use cursor.fetchall() instead of cursor in list comprehension: packageIDs = [itm[0] for itm in cursor.fetchall()] Now, someone else on this list told me the other. Can you explain the difference? Since a (one-liner) list comprehension is going to result in processing all the data, it may be faster to fetch all the data at the start. Depending upon the implementation of the database API, iterating over a cursor object to retrieve one record at a time may result in a hit on the database engine (some engines may hold the data in the server and only transmit it record by record unless explicitly asked for all of it -- and if the database server is on a different machine that could make for a lot of slow network traffic). Also, you need to take the database locking system into account -- until you not only read all the data, but commit the transaction (even a read-only transaction), the engine may lock any other user from accessing those records (and some engines may lock the entire table, not just records). Iterating over a cursor may be useful if: 1) you have a really massive database and your query is not filtering the data to manageable levels (better done by looping over the query itself using limit and offset features to control how many records are returned in a batch); 2) it is a single user/single access database where locking data won't have an impact; 3) you need to use the data in each record to update or otherwise perform some other query on the database (though unless this is done within the same transaction you might still have locking issues). Wow! Thanks. I'll digest this over the weekend. beno -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. I'd like to encrypt/convert it into a binary file in such a way that possession of a password allows anyone to convert it back into the original text file while not possessing the password one would only see the following with the standard linux utility 'file': [fetchin...@fetch ~]$ file encrypted.data encrypted.data: data [...] This is probably not what you want, but it is very simple and doesn't import any module:) I am not qualified to say how easy it is to discover the message without the password. def str2int(txt): return reduce(lambda n, c: n*255 + ord(c), txt, 0) def int2str(n): chars = [] while n: n, o = divmod(n, 255) chars.append(chr(o)) return ''.join(reversed(chars)) def encrypt(txt, pwd): return int2str(str2int(txt)*str2int(pwd)) def decrypt(txt, pwd): return int2str(str2int(txt)/str2int(pwd)) def test(txt, pwd): encrypted_txt = encrypt(txt, pwd) decrypted_txt = decrypt(encrypted_txt, pwd) print text:%r % txt print encrypted:%r % encrypted_txt print decrypted:%r % decrypted_txt test(This encryption scheme is definitely unbreakable., secret) text:'This encryption scheme is definitely unbreakable.' encrypted:'2\xa5\xd4\x17i+E\x01k\xfa\x94\xf80\xa8\x8f\xea.w\x128\xf1\xd9\x0f9\xf2t\xc9\r`\x90%\xd6\xf3~\x1f\x00%u\x8a\xe4\xe0\xa7\xb8\xb0ec)S\xcb\xf2\xec' decrypted:'This encryption scheme is definitely unbreakable.' Thanks, this looks pretty simple too, I will go with either Steven's or with your solution. Cheers, Daniel -- Psss, psss, put it down! - http://www.cafepress.com/putitdown -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Office Word and Python (Win XP)
Marco Nawijn: I have had installed pywin32 already. The three lines that you mentoined don't do this, also what did you mean with doc = app.Documents.Open(c:\\example.doc). Which document should I open with this line? It shouldn't be opened anything. I was asking about the script as automated process. If you know how could i do this? Terry Reedy: I have never mentoined copying files but moving the whole text from, always the same (same name, same path), .doc file with. However copying (=moving) text to correct .doc file would be good yes. I know command prompt and its copy function but this way it wouldn't work because I would have to define the target file - the file INTO which I want to move the text. But I will never know the file name (target file). The only thing I know is: - the file is one of .doc files that start with HD - whole name of those .doc file is always HDX.doc where X is a number and I need to move the text into the file with maximum X (the most high number) - all the HD files will be always in the same path (same folder) but I would like to use the path inside the code (it might be obvious that I have to) because on PC and laptop, I have two different usernames and since HD files are located inside Documents And Settings, I have to use two copies of the script - one for PC, one for laptop. Dennis Lee Bieber: Im not familiar with python, also Im not programmer. Thats why Im not able to do so when people tell me do this then use XYZ function which will give you ZYX from what you can do that and you will get result. Im still willing to learn but there are thousands of python tutorials and the one for exsactly this topic probably doesn't exsist. The .doc extension is required, so I cannot use .txt because I need the HD files in .doc. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Scripting (was Re: Python books, literature etc)
Peter vm...@mycircuit.org wrote in message news:mailman.661.1262978839.28905.python-l...@python.org... Sounds good. Regarding the book's title: is it just me, or are Python programmers in general put off when people call it scripting? I won't attempt a strict definition of the term scripting language, but it seems like non-programmers use it to mean less scary than what you might think of as programming, while programmers interpret it as not useful as a general-purpose language. It took me a while to take scripting seriously. I grew up with Pascal and Eiffel and I found it difficult to appreciate dynamic typing and scripting. The author Langtangen is explaining in detail why he considers scripting useful, in particular he provides an automatic test suite to run different language versions ( perl, python, c, c++) of the same program to compare performance. The results are amazing, in that some of the examples run faster than the C++ version. I think if you can get Python to run fast (compared to compiled languages), then that's scripting (ie. just using it to sequence lots of built-in functions and operations). If it runs a lot slower than those other languages, then you're probably doing some programming. And with programs where the runtime is not significant, it could be either... -- Bartc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Python-Dev] [RELEASED] Python 2.7 alpha 2
Hello, I have a question: are class decorator planned to be backported from 3.x? All the best, *j -- Jan Kaliszewski (zuo) z...@chopin.edu.pl -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PIL show() not working for 2nd pic
I am using PIL for image processing in ubuntu 9.04. When i give two im.show() commands for two different images, the second image is not displayed (eye of gnome is the display program). It says no such file or directory. Any ideas? Suresh I also had problems with show() when using eye of gnome as the image viewer with your code but no problems using the display viewer from the imagemagick package im.show( command = 'eog' )#problems im.show( command = 'display' )# no problems # -- #!/usr/bin/python ''' NewsGroup comp.lang.python Subject .. PIL show() not working for 2nd pic Date . 2010-01-07 Post_By .. suresh.amritapuri Edit_By .. Stanley C. Kitching ''' import math import Image list_source = [ 'image/beach.tif' , 'image/colors.tif' ] list_target = [ ] def neg( x ) : return 255 - 1 - x def logtr( x ) : y = math.log( 1 + x , 10 ) print y return y * 100 for this_image in list_source : im_source = Image.open( this_image ) im_neg = im_source.point( neg ) im_logtr = im_source.point( logtr ) list_target.append( im_source ) list_target.append( im_neg ) list_target.append( im_logtr ) for this_image in list_target : this_image.show( command = 'display' ) # -- -- Stanley C. Kitching Human Being Phoenix, Arizona -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Something More Elegant
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 7:15 AM, Victor Subervi victorsube...@gmail.comwrote: On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 9:35 AM, Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com wrote: But we are now in the realm of theory as far as you are concerned, since you have already stated several times that you aren't interested in correcting your design until after you have got the current mess into production. So good luck with that. And if you were in my shoes, I'm sure you'd do the same thing. ... Really, no, he wouldn't :) We're not all just hobbyists here who only do work for random open source projects. A lot of us are professionals who actually do have clients, actually do have deadlines, actually do have an understanding for production requirements. Getting something into production as soon as possible is certainly an important goal in commercial work. But it is not the only goal. Proper database design is very important because if you don't do it, you'll actually end up usually wasting *more* time and effort then if you just bite the bullet and fix it now. Proper database design -- in particular in your case, not having multiple tables with various names that even need %sThis or %sThat, and using parameterized queries to access those tables, is really important. It will save you time, it will save you effort, and it'll save you money-- because /not/ doing it is among other things, a major security risk. Getting code out fast and now is a noble goal in commercial projects, getting code out which is by design prone to attacks by hackers is negligence. Well, it *is* working now :)) And I am interested in cleaning this up. I should probably start with the matter of databases, since that's something I won't be able to easily change once clients actually start entering data. Please share with me any further concepts or questions to get me thinking how to redesign the databases. Your first goal needs to be in the layout of your tables, yes. Instead of having multiple Packages tables that vary, have a single Packages table, with an additional column that determines what kind of package it is (this information used to be in the name of the table). This may seem like everything's jumbled together, but it works. Put an index on that column if you need to: don't worry about if that one table might have thousands or tens of thousands of records. Databases are -designed- to handle that, and handle it well and faster. Do the same for any other table which has various names-- CategoriesPackages seems to be another one. Segment the data by adding columns and indexes when needed, and not by breaking it out into different tables: if two tables have approximately the same columns, they belong in one table, with a column to simply differentiate between the two. These steps are taking your database towards the ultimate goal of normalization-- a laudable goal, but I won't go into that in detail. It takes a book. The next thing to do is to re-do your SQL queries. You should never do string interpolation, e.g: SQL=SELECT x FROM y WHERE z = %s % (arg,) cur.execute(SQL) If you have done the first step, your tables always have a set names so you never need to interpolate to do the queries-- and then at this point, under no circumstances ever, ever-- consider this a law that you will get fined for violation-- use string interpolation to generate your queries. Instead, do: cur.execute(SELECT x FROM y WHERE z = %s, (arg,)) That looks really similar, but is lightyears away. Its very unfortunate that some database drivers use 'format' as the paramstyle because it confuses issues, but the two effects are very different. In one, Python is just munging together and creating a new string. In the other, the database driver is doing a few things. Its analyzing the query, its storing it (often caching it, which speeds up further executions of that query), etc, etc, and then finally its seeing that you are passing arguments into it, and it is -safely- binding those arguments into the expression; this prevents SQL Injection attacks. You can use interpolation and prevent injection if you -meticulously- check -every- string that comes from the user, and -never- trust it (even if that string was written out to a hidden input and legitimate users have no way to alter, because illegitimate users will alter it anyways). Or you can use parameterized queries and just avoid it, while getting plenty of other benefits as well. At work, we had a third-party package that we re-sold as part of our offering, and glancing over its source, I noticed something. It did, in essence to check login: cur.execute(SELECT user_id FROM usertable WHERE username = '%s' AND password = '%s' % (username, password)) I blinked, and emailed them to point out the problem. I suggested they log in as: Username = dummyuser Password = '; DROP usertable You see, when using interpolation, the string that got sent to the database was: SELECT user_id FROM
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
Daniel Fetchinson fetchin...@googlemail.com writes: http://www.nightsong.com/phr/crypto/p3.py Thanks a lot, currently I'm having trouble using this code on python 2.6 but probably some small tweaking will fix it. Yikes, this is the first I've heard of such a problem. I will look into it. Thanks. (Also thanks to Robert for the recommendation). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Link to module Stack
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Sat, 09 Jan 2010 05:56:36 -0500, Dave Angel wrote: InnerInterpreterError is the most inappropriate exception name I've ever seen. It has nothing to do with the interpreter, it's a stack error. It has everything to do with the (Forth) interpreter. Exceptions can readily be named according to their application -- it's not always about Python. Anyway, Forth has an inner-interpreter and an outer-interpreter, and the name will make sense to a Forth programmer. Pardon me, but I *am* a Forth programmer. Or was, it's been many years, and I'm rusty. I guess this is a difference of terminology: what you're calling an inner interpreter and an outer interpreter I know of as the Forth engine and the (text) interpreter. Gforth refers to them as such, so did Leo Brodie's Forth books, and the (ancient) Macintosh Forth compiler Mach 2. But in any case... a stack is an general-purpose data structure, and the error message shouldn't be coupled so tightly to one use. That would be like this (made-up) example: 1/0 Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module GraphicsApplicationError: too few pixels to calculate average Ridiculous, yes? Yes, Forth uses a stack (technically two, a parameter stack and a return stack, and some implementations include a third, floating point, stack). Virtually all languages use stacks in their implementation, and Python byte-code is also stack-based. result = self.__heap[-1] del self.__heap[-1] That is better written as result = self.__heap.pop(). or even better, without the extra local var: def pop (self): if len(self.__heap) == 0: Since self.__heap is a list, the canonical Python for the above test would, of course, be the much simpler if not self.__heap regards Steve -- Steve Holden +1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 PyCon is coming! Atlanta, Feb 2010 http://us.pycon.org/ Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ UPCOMING EVENTS:http://holdenweb.eventbrite.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
Daniel Fetchinson fetchin...@googlemail.com writes: I have a plain text file which I would like to protect in a very simple minded, yet for my purposes sufficient, way. For encrypting strings, use this module: http://nightsong.com/phr/crypto/p3.py Obviously this is limited to strings that fit in memory, which might be a problem with large files. Some day I might get around to adding a streaming interface to it. The file command will not recognize the ciphertext as encrypted data. It will just say data. If you want to be more serious, use pgp or gpg with the -c option (password-based encryption). I think file does recognize the pgp file format as encrypted data (RFC 2440). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lightweight encryption of text file
Robert Kern robert.k...@gmail.com writes: Are you on a 64-bit platform? Unfortunately, array's integer typecodes are platform-specific, but p3.py requires a 32-bit integer ... Oh yes, thanks, I never did get around to dealing with 64 bit platforms. I also notice that some of the unit test functions use print statements, which won't compile under Python 3.0. I will try to release a version in the next few days with fixes for both of these issues. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive terminal in Ubuntu Linux : libreadline5-dev works only in Python 2.6 not 3.1
On Jan 9, 10:06 am, Dave WB3DWE wrote: On Jan 6 I inquired how to fix the 3.1.1 interactive terminal in Ubuntu Linux. Left arrow yields ^[[D , etc. casevh helped by suggesting libreadline5-dev be installed. Did so with Synaptic Package Manager. The behavior of the Python 3.3.1 terminal is unchanged but the 2.6.2 terminal is corrected. Is there any way to fix the 3.1.1 terminal command line ? Thanks, Dave WB3DWE pdlem...@earthlink.net Did you recompile Python 3.1.1 after installing libreadline5-dev? (From the Python 3.1.1 directory. Your options to configure may vary.) make distclean ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-computed-gotos --with-wide- unicode make make altinstall casevh -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Python-Dev] [RELEASED] Python 2.7 alpha 2
On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 2:53 PM, Jan Kaliszewski z...@chopin.edu.pl wrote: Hello, I have a question: are class decorator planned to be backported from 3.x? Eh? Class decorators have been in the 2.x series since 2.6. If you want to know more about class decorators check out this talk from PyCon 2009 http://pycon.blip.tv/file/1949345 by a very handsome and well beloved man, and come to pycon 2010 where there will be a couple more talks on the subject by slightly more homely but none the less competent speakers. -Jack -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Office Word and Python (Win XP)
On Jan 9, 8:18 pm, 3lvss0...@gmail.com 3lvss0...@gmail.com wrote: Marco Nawijn: I have had installed pywin32 already. The three lines that you mentoined don't do this I checked at my own computer and it works fine. also what did you mean with doc = app.Documents.Open(c:\\example.doc). Which document should I open with this line? This was just meant as an example on how to open a Word document from within python. This would be the basis for copying/appending from your source document to your target document (e.g. HD10.doc). It shouldn't be opened anything. I was asking about the script as automated process. If you know how could i do this? Well it is a python script. So you can run it as an automated process. You should just set app.Visible=False so the Word user interface component is not shown. Terry Reedy: I have never mentoined copying files but moving the whole text from, always the same (same name, same path), .doc file with. However copying (=moving) text to correct .doc file would be good yes. I know command prompt and its copy function but this way it wouldn't work because I would have to define the target file - the file INTO which I want to move the text. But I will never know the file name (target file). The only thing I know is: - the file is one of .doc files that start with HD - whole name of those .doc file is always HDX.doc where X is a number and I need to move the text into the file with maximum X (the most high number) - all the HD files will be always in the same path (same folder) but I would like to use the path inside the code (it might be obvious that I have to) because on PC and laptop, I have two different usernames and since HD files are located inside Documents And Settings, I have to use two copies of the script - one for PC, one for laptop. Dennis Lee Bieber: Im not familiar with python, also Im not programmer. Thats why Im not able to do so when people tell me do this then use XYZ function which will give you ZYX from what you can do that and you will get result. Im still willing to learn but there are thousands of python tutorials and the one for exsactly this topic probably doesn't exsist. The .doc extension is required, so I cannot use .txt because I need the HD files in .doc. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Python-Dev] [RELEASED] Python 2.7 alpha 2
09-01-2010 o 22:34:28 Jack Diederich jackd...@gmail.com wrote: On Sat, Jan 9, 2010 at 2:53 PM, Jan Kaliszewski z...@chopin.edu.pl I have a question: are class decorator planned to be backported from 3.x? Eh? Class decorators have been in the 2.x series since 2.6. Oops, I overlooked the fact :) Thank you! *j -- Jan Kaliszewski (zuo) z...@chopin.edu.pl -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Append to an Excel file
pp parul.pande...@gmail.com writes: On Jan 9, 1:47 am, Jason Scheirer jason.schei...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 9, 12:30 am, pp parul.pande...@gmail.com wrote: Hi All, How do I add a line to an existing file. This should append to the existing data in the excel file, which was saved previously. Thanks, PP http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt Hi Jason and all, Thanks I have seen this.. my question is there a way to append to a excel file which has been closed. Any specific modes which can be added to the sheet so that it adds a line to the data which was return in some earlier running of the program. I may be wrong, but I think that you have to do the following 1) Use xlrd to read the file. This creates an xlrd.Book 2) Use xlutils to transform the xlrd.Book into a xlwt.WorkBook 3) Edit the xlwt.WorkBook 4) Save the xlwt.WorkBook https://secure.simplistix.co.uk/svn/xlutils/trunk/xlutils/docs/copy.txt Niels -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python-list Digest, Vol 76, Issue 97
On Jan 8, 2010, at 7:35:39 PM EST, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote:
On 1/8/2010 12:02 PM, Mitchell L Model wrote:
On further reflection, I will add that
what appears to be happening is that during import both the global
and
local dictionaries are set to a copy of the globals() from the
importing
scope and that copy becomes the value of the module's __dict__ once
import has completed successfully.
I have no idea why you think that. The module dict starts empty
except for __name__, __file__, and perhaps a couple of other
'hidden' items. It is not a copy and has nothing to do with
importing scopes.
Why I think -- or, rather, thought -- that was because of some
defective experiments I ran. It was purely a delusion. Thank you for
correcting it.
and that copy becomes the value of the module's __dict__ once
import has completed successfully.
That new dict becomes .
Because exec leaves locals() and globals() distinct,
Not necessarily.
In 3.x, at least,
exec(s)
executes s in the current scope. If this is top level, where locals
is globals, then same should be true within exec.
Yes. To simplify some of my ramblings and incorporate the points you
and others have made, and to once again acknowledge Python's elegance,
an important observation which I bet even a lot of serious Python
programs don't realize (or at least not consciously) is that:
globals() is locals()
in the following contexts:
the interpreter top level
the top level of a module (though as you point out, starts out as a
very bare dictionary during import)
a string being exec'd when the call to exec includes
no dictionary argument(s)
one dictionary argument
the same dictionary as both the second and third arguments
The identity does not hold for:
a string being exec'd when a different dictionary is provided as the
second and third arguments to exec
inside anything that creates a scope: a function definition, class
definition, etc.
Did I get all that right? Are there any other contexts that should be
included in these?
d = {}
exec(s, d)
In 3.x, at least, d will also be used as locals.
Yes, talking about 3.x.
exec(s, d, d)
Again, globals and locals are not distinct.
It would seem that in 3.x, the only way for exec to have distinct
globals and locals is to call exec(s) where they are distinct or to
pass distince globals and locals.
Apparently so. To clarify where they are distinct, that would mean
from a context in which they were already distinct, which is not the
case if exec is called from the top level, but is the case if called
from within, say, a function, as my code does.
Some of the issues of this thread are discussed in Language
Reference 4.1, Naming and Binding. I suppose it could be clearer
that it is, but the addition of nonlocal scope complicated things.
I pretty much have that section memorized and reread it at least
monthly. It's part of what I meant by starting my original comments by
saying that I thought I understood all of this. Thank you (and others)
for helping clarify exactly what's going on. As with so many things in
Python, it is not always easy to keep one's preconceptions, delusions,
and experiences with other languages out of the way of its simplicity,
even if one is a very experienced and knowledgeable Python programmer.
--- Mitchell--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive terminal in Ubuntu Linux : libreadline5-dev works only in Python 2.6 not 3.1
On Sat, 9 Jan 2010 13:27:07 -0800 (PST), casevh cas...@gmail.com wrote: Did you recompile Python 3.1.1 after installing libreadline5-dev? (From the Python 3.1.1 directory. Your options to configure may vary.) make distclean ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-computed-gotos --with-wide- unicode make make altinstall casevh Thanks so much for your help . . . but I'm going backwards, probably due to my inadequate knowledge of Linux. Ran the above vebatim, except had to do sudo make install. Python recompiled and the system appears to be in same path/dir as before : /home/dave/python31/Python-3.1.1 Called up interactive promptwith $ python3 , as before. Problems : 1. prompt keys remain fouled up as before. 2. will not import random module, either from prompt or from any of my prewritten modules. Get ImportError /usr/local/lib/Python3.1/lib-dynload/_collections.so : undefined symbol : PyUnicode UCS4_FromString Some other modules will import : math , sys, os 3. Some of my pre-existing modules will not run : have not checked them all, but apparently those with random. 4. Attempted to read my modules with gedit. Pulls them up but refuses to save : could not save file /usr/local/lib/python3.1/dlmodules/Ackermann.py You do not have permission necessary to save file. This is same path my modules were in before the recompile and the dir I made for them. Had no trouble saving them previously. If no fix available, I'll reinstall from the Python-3.1.1 that I extracted from the tarball , and go back to XP for a while : ( Dave WB3DWE pdlem...@earthlink.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Link to module Stack
Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Sat, 09 Jan 2010 05:56:36 -0500, Dave Angel wrote: InnerInterpreterError is the most inappropriate exception name I've ever seen. It has nothing to do with the interpreter, it's a stack error. It has everything to do with the (Forth) interpreter. Exceptions can readily be named according to their application -- it's not always about Python. Anyway, Forth has an inner-interpreter and an outer-interpreter, and the name will make sense to a Forth programmer. Pardon me, but I *am* a Forth programmer. Or was, it's been many years, and I'm rusty. I guess this is a difference of terminology: what you're calling an inner interpreter and an outer interpreter I know of as the Forth engine and the (text) interpreter. Gforth refers to them as such, so did Leo Brodie's Forth books, and the (ancient) Macintosh Forth compiler Mach 2. I'm pretty sure FIG-Forth called them an inner interpreter and outer interpreter, but I don't remember other sources. FIG-Forth was my first Forth system, gotten on an 8 diskette. The inner interpreter was LOADSW, JMP AX, I believe, as it was an indirected threaded interpreter implementation. snip or even better, without the extra local var: def pop (self): if len(self.__heap) == 0: raise InnerInterpreterError, stack underflow return self.__heap.pop(1) pop(1)? I don't think so. That was a typo; I meant pop(). And of course others have improved on my remarks anyway. DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Office Word and Python (Win XP)
Marco did you also make the HD files to it worked for you? Because I cannot even imagine how only three lines would do everything - find correct folder (path) of the files, find maximum number, move the entire text,... In this 3 lines is not stated that we are talking about the files that start with HD so I wonder how it worked for you. Nothing was moved on my PC. I have done some research about the line app = Dispatch(Word.Application) and saw this: http://www.programmingforums.org/post105986.html The script described here is different comparing to what I want to do but I might be able to use some ideas - of course, since Im not a programmer, I need to study the functions before. On the link the user is trying to replace parts (predefinited or not - i don't know) of the .doc files - this is not moving/copying entire text but the topic is still about writing something into .doc through python. Unfortunatelly for me, his script doesn't need to search for correct .doc file. So I kept searching and came to this: http://www.daniweb.com/forums/thread129924.html This task is very close to what I want but still different. If we try to compare; I am a text (his task) = already exsisting (if any) text in my HDX file where X is the highest number (my task) Hello (his task) = whole text inside .doc with always the same name on the same location (my task) then thats it. I believe just those two differences exsist. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: interactive terminal in Ubuntu Linux : libreadline5-dev works only in Python 2.6 not 3.1
On Jan 9, 3:10 pm, pdlem...@earthlink.net wrote: On Sat, 9 Jan 2010 13:27:07 -0800 (PST), casevh cas...@gmail.com wrote: Did you recompile Python 3.1.1 after installing libreadline5-dev? (From the Python 3.1.1 directory. Your options to configure may vary.) make distclean ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-computed-gotos --with-wide- unicode make make altinstall casevh Thanks so much for your help . . . but I'm going backwards, probably due to my inadequate knowledge of Linux. Ran the above vebatim, except had to do sudo make install . Python recompiled and the system appears to be in same path/dir as before : /home/dave/python31/Python-3.1.1 Called up interactive prompt with $ python3 , as before. It looks like you now have two copies of Python 3.1.1 installed. That's probably a side-effect of my instructions. I'll got through each instruction individually. It looks like your Python source code is in /home/dave/python31/ Python-3.1.1. The commnad make distclean should remove the results of the prior configuration so to won't need to extract the source code again. The command ./configure accepts several options that control how the source code is configured. To see all the available options, use the command ./configure --help. The first option - --prefix=/usr/local - identifies the location where Python 3.1.1 will be installed. The / usr/local directory is a common location for user-compiled programs. If no location is specified, many applications assume /usr/local. The option - --with-computed-gotos - is just a compiler options that produces a slightly faster interpreter. The final option - --with- wide-unicode - identifies the proper Unicode format to use. (I looks like this option may have been split via line wrapping on my earlier email. I think it is causing the UCS4 error.) The command make compiles Python 3.1.1. The command sudo make altinstall installs Python 3.1.1 under the / usr/local directory. The option altinstall installs Python 3.1.1 and leaves its name as python3.1. It should be located in /usr/ local/bin/python3.1. Your own programs (Ackermann.py) should be kept somewhere in your home directory, for example /home/dave/code. Typing python3.1 will look in the current directory first, and then search the path where it should find /usr/local/bin/python3.1. What will you need to do fix this? 1) Try the commands again. Make sure all the ./configure options are on one line. Make sure to do sudo make altinstall. (Don't use sudo make install; it will give your version of Python the name python and that can cause confusion on your system.) 2) Move your applications to another directory. 3) Try running python3.1 while you are in that directory. If this doesn't work, report back on the error messages you receive. Don't give up; we can fix this. casevh Problems : 1. prompt keys remain fouled up as before. 2. will not import random module, either from prompt or from any of my prewritten modules. Get ImportError /usr/local/lib/Python3.1/lib-dynload/_collections.so : undefined symbol : PyUnicode UCS4_FromString Some other modules will import : math , sys, os 3. Some of my pre-existing modules will not run : have not checked them all, but apparently those with random. 4. Attempted to read my modules with gedit. Pulls them up but refuses to save : could not save file /usr/local/lib/python3.1/dlmodules/Ackermann.py You do not have permission necessary to save file. This is same path my modules were in before the recompile and the dir I made for them. Had no trouble saving them previously. If no fix available, I'll reinstall from the Python-3.1.1 that I extracted from the tarball , and go back to XP for a while : ( Dave WB3DWE pdlem...@earthlink.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Prepend to logging message
How to prepend anything to a logging message? Is possible to do it
from the dictionary object (ExtraLog) or is there is that override
process() [1]?
--
class ExtraLog(object):
def __getitem__(self, name):
if name == 'foo':
result = 'testing'
return result
def __iter__(self):
keys = ['foo',]
keys.extend(self.__dict__.keys())
return iter(keys)
logger = logging.LoggerAdapter(logging.getLogger('foo'), ExtraLog())
--
[1] http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#logging.LoggerAdapter
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Microsoft Office Word and Python (Win XP)
On Sat, 9 Jan 2010 11:18:12 -0800 (PST), 3lvss0...@gmail.com 3lvss0...@gmail.com wrote: Dennis Lee Bieber: Im not familiar with python, also Im not programmer. What you want to do isn't complicated, but it isn't simple either, unless you're familiar with VBA/VBS. I approach these problems by first getting the VBA code by recording a macro within Word. I then convert it to VB Script, which is a learning process in itself. Converting that script to Python com is another learning process and then putting the whole thing together with file finding and saving is another job. When you've done that, you won't feel able to say you're not a programmer - and you should feel familiar with Python, too. DaveM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Prepend to logging message
Joan,
2010/1/10 Joan Miller pelok...@gmail.com:
How to prepend anything to a logging message? Is possible to do it
from the dictionary object (ExtraLog) or is there is that override
process() [1]?
--
class ExtraLog(object):
def __getitem__(self, name):
if name == 'foo':
result = 'testing'
return result
def __iter__(self):
keys = ['foo',]
keys.extend(self.__dict__.keys())
return iter(keys)
logger = logging.LoggerAdapter(logging.getLogger('foo'), ExtraLog())
--
Yep. Just subclass LoggerAdapter and override process(..)
Read this:
http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#adding-contextual-information-to-your-logging-output
--
Regards
Ishwor Gurung
Key id:0xa98db35e
Key fingerprint:FBEF 0D69 6DE1 C72B A5A8 35FE 5A9B F3BB 4E5E 17B5
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PIL how to display multiple images side by side
On 1/9/2010 8:43 AM, suresh.amritapuri wrote: Hi, In PIL, how to display multiple images in say m rows and n colums when I have m*n images. suresh Tkinter has PhotoImage widget and PIL has support for this widget: http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/imagetk.htm -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PIL how to display multiple images side by side
* Lie Ryan: On 1/9/2010 8:43 AM, suresh.amritapuri wrote: Hi, In PIL, how to display multiple images in say m rows and n colums when I have m*n images. suresh Tkinter has PhotoImage widget and PIL has support for this widget: http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/imagetk.htm Maybe I've misunderstood something (in that case glad to learn!), but I believe PhotoImage is not a widget, and that a PhotoImage has to be presented in e.g. a Label widget or some other widget that's able to display images. Cheers, - Alf -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subprocess.Popen does not close pipe in an error case
On Wed, 06 Jan 2010 11:39:37 -0800, Steven K. Wong wrote: Suppose now all the prog1.poll() calls/loop are replaced by a single prog1.wait(). Without the explicit prog1.stdout.close(), prog1.wait() will not return, so the calling process still hangs. Because calling prog1.wait() means that the calling process will naturally never read prog1.stdout, I would argue that prog1.wait() should close the pipe before actually waiting for prog1 to exit. Makes sense? prog1.stdout might be being read by a different thread. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[issue7647] Add statvfs flags to the posix module
Georg Brandl ge...@python.org added the comment: IMO these symbols should go to the stat module, not the posix module. However, that module is Python, so the values would need to be hardcoded. Do you know whether they are constant on all relevant systems? -- assignee: - loewis nosy: +georg.brandl, loewis ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7647 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7422] Document inspect.get(full)argspec limitation to Python function
Georg Brandl ge...@python.org added the comment: Thanks, added Python in r77382, r77383. -- resolution: - fixed status: open - closed ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7422 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7441] Py3.1: Fatal Python Error: Py_Initialize...unknown encoding: chcp 65001.
Changes by Georg Brandl ge...@python.org: -- status: open - closed ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7441 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7498] test_multiprocessing test_rapid_restart fails if port 9999 already in use
Georg Brandl ge...@python.org added the comment: Can this be closed? -- nosy: +georg.brandl ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7498 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7647] Add statvfs flags to the posix module
Martin v. Löwis mar...@v.loewis.de added the comment: I think having a stat module is a mistake in the first place. It's primary purpose (giving symbolic names to fields in a stat result) is out-of-date, now that we have named tuples. It's secondary purpose (collecting symbolic constants and macros around them) is flawed, as there is no guarantee that they are fixed across systems (unless we explicitly map the values correspondingly. So I support addition of the constants to the posix module. Not sure whether documentation is lacking in the patch (i.e. whether they ought to be documented). -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7647 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7647] Add statvfs flags to the posix module
Georg Brandl ge...@python.org added the comment: Okay. Would it then make sense to migrate those constants in the stat module to posix, and deprecate the former? -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7647 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7507] pipes.quote does not correctly escape !
Georg Brandl ge...@python.org added the comment: I'm attaching a patch that changes quote() logic. It also fixes #7476, the empty argument case. Strings with unsafe characters are now always quoted with single quotes. Single quotes themselves are replaced by a single quote in double quotes, so that te$t'quoting becomes 'te$t'''quoting' which I believe is portable across all commonly used shells. (Another implementation would be to just backslash-quote all unsafe chars, but it makes for less readable results.) Assigning to David for review -- you recently claimed to like shells :) -- assignee: - r.david.murray nosy: +georg.brandl, r.david.murray ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7507 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7651] Python3: guess text file charset using the BOM
Walter Dörwald wal...@livinglogic.de added the comment: IMHO this is the wrong approach. As Martin v. Löwis suggested here http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2010-January/094841.html the best solution would be a new codec (which he named sniff), that autodetects the encoding on reading. This doesn't require *any* changes to the IO library. It could even be developed as a standalone project and published in the Cheeseshop. -- nosy: +doerwalter ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7651 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7498] test_multiprocessing test_rapid_restart fails if port 9999 already in use
Changes by R. David Murray rdmur...@bitdance.com: -- status: open - closed ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7498 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7092] Test suite emits many DeprecationWarnings when -3 is enabled
Benjamin Peterson benja...@python.org added the comment: This can wait. -- priority: release blocker - deferred blocker ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7092 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7559] TestLoader.loadTestsFromName swallows import errors
Michael Foord mich...@voidspace.org.uk added the comment: Wouldn't this be a backwards incompatible change of tested behaviour though? -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7559 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7632] dtoa.c: oversize b in quorem
Mark Dickinson dicki...@gmail.com added the comment: Second patch, adding a fix for the rounding bug to the first patch. -- Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file15796/issue7632_v2.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7632 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue7632] dtoa.c: oversize b in quorem
Mark Dickinson dicki...@gmail.com added the comment: Here's the (rather crude) testing program that turned up these errors. -- Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file15797/test_dtoa.py ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue7632 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
