[R] TSLS / 2SLS with a binary outcome
Hi, I am wanting to complete 2 stage least squared regression with a binary outcome. I have found and implemented a continuous outcome with tsls() from the sen package or ivreg() from the AER package. However I am struggling to find a package/function that implements a function for a binary outcome. If someone could knows of a package or function and could help by pointing me in the right direction I would be most grateful. Kind regards Philip [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] cex values being ignored in the curve function
Dear R-Community, The cex values in curve seem to be being ignored. I have searched previous help questions and also the web generally, and cannot find this being a major problem so I am suspicious of something odd happening but I am at a loss to work out why. I am trying to plot this: b1 - -0.858 pow- 0.8 ratio - 1 sig - 0.05 curve((qnorm(1-sig/2)+qnorm(pow))^2/b1^2/x/(ratio/(1+ratio))/(1/(1+ratio)),from=0.005,to=0.08,main=This needs to be bigger,xlab=And this bigger too,ylab=And this too, cex=1,cex.lab=3.5, cex.axis=3.5, cex.main=3.5, cex.sub=3.5) But no matter what value of cex I make it, or whether I break up the arguments into : title(main=something,cex.main=3) axis(cex.axis=2) or parse this before plotting : par(cex.lab=1.5, cex.axis=1.5, cex.main=3.5, cex.sub=1.5) I cannot get the main, axis titles or axis numbers to change in size, whatever I do. I am using a macbook pro, with mavericks, R-studio and R 3.1.0 spring-dance, and I am initiating the plot with: X11( width=width , height=height , type=cairo). Any help would be greatly appreciated. thanks Philip __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] ROCR package not installing
My version is: Linux bioinform08 2.6.32-33-generic #70-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jul 7 21:13:52 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS R version 2.10.1 (2009-12-14) Philip -Original Message- From: Pascal Oettli [mailto:kri...@ymail.com] Sent: Thursday, 22 November 2012 4:20 PM To: Philip Robinson Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] ROCR package not installing Hello, What is the version of R you use ? Regards, Pascal Le 22/11/2012 15:02, Philip Robinson a écrit : I have tried installing the package (ROCR) with this command: Install.packages(ROCR) And with this command on the command line R CMD INSTALL ROCR_1.0-4.tar.gz But both times I get exactly the same error shown below, I don't understand what is wrong, is this an error in the package code? Thank you Philip probinson@bioinform08:/tmp/RtmpO0rFbx/downloaded_packages$ R CMD INSTALL ROCR_1.0-4.tar.gz * installing to library '/home/probinson/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.10' * installing *source* package 'ROCR' ... ** R ** data ** demo ** preparing package for lazy loading Loading required package: gtools Loading required package: gdata gdata: read.xls support for 'XLS' (Excel 97-2004) files ENABLED. gdata: read.xls support for 'XLSX' (Excel 2007+) files ENABLED. Attaching package: 'gdata' The following object(s) are masked from package:utils : object.size Loading required package: caTools Loading required package: bitops Loading required package: grid Loading required package: KernSmooth KernSmooth 2.23 loaded Copyright M. P. Wand 1997-2009 Attaching package: 'gplots' The following object(s) are masked from package:stats : lowess Error in setMethod(plot, signature(x = performance, y = missing), : no existing definition for function plot Error : unable to load R code in package 'ROCR' ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'ROCR' * removing '/home/probinson/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.10/ROCR' probinson@bioinform08:/tmp/RtmpO0rFbx/downloaded_packages$ [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] ROCR package not installing
Hi Mohammed, This didn't work either: Error in setMethod(plot, signature(x = performance, y = missing), : no existing definition for function plot Error : unable to load R code in package 'ROCR' ERROR: lazy loading failed for package ‘ROCR’ * removing ‘/home/probinson/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.10/ROCR’ The downloaded packages are in ‘/tmp/Rtmpn1DjHt/downloaded_packages’ Warning message: In install.packages(ROCR, dep = T) : installation of package 'ROCR' had non-zero exit status thanks Philip -Original Message- From: Mohammed Ouassou [mailto:mohammed.ouas...@statkart.no] Sent: Thursday, 22 November 2012 6:02 PM To: Philip Robinson Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] ROCR package not installing try: install.packages(ROCR,dep=T) M.O On to., 2012-11-22 at 16:02 +1000, Philip Robinson wrote: I have tried installing the package (ROCR) with this command: Install.packages(ROCR) And with this command on the command line R CMD INSTALL ROCR_1.0-4.tar.gz But both times I get exactly the same error shown below, I don't understand what is wrong, is this an error in the package code? Thank you Philip probinson@bioinform08:/tmp/RtmpO0rFbx/downloaded_packages$ R CMD INSTALL ROCR_1.0-4.tar.gz * installing to library '/home/probinson/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.10' * installing *source* package 'ROCR' ... ** R ** data ** demo ** preparing package for lazy loading Loading required package: gtools Loading required package: gdata gdata: read.xls support for 'XLS' (Excel 97-2004) files ENABLED. gdata: read.xls support for 'XLSX' (Excel 2007+) files ENABLED. Attaching package: 'gdata' The following object(s) are masked from package:utils : object.size Loading required package: caTools Loading required package: bitops Loading required package: grid Loading required package: KernSmooth KernSmooth 2.23 loaded Copyright M. P. Wand 1997-2009 Attaching package: 'gplots' The following object(s) are masked from package:stats : lowess Error in setMethod(plot, signature(x = performance, y = missing), : no existing definition for function plot Error : unable to load R code in package 'ROCR' ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'ROCR' * removing '/home/probinson/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.10/ROCR' probinson@bioinform08:/tmp/RtmpO0rFbx/downloaded_packages$ [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] ROCR package not installing
I have tried installing the package (ROCR) with this command: Install.packages(ROCR) And with this command on the command line R CMD INSTALL ROCR_1.0-4.tar.gz But both times I get exactly the same error shown below, I don't understand what is wrong, is this an error in the package code? Thank you Philip probinson@bioinform08:/tmp/RtmpO0rFbx/downloaded_packages$ R CMD INSTALL ROCR_1.0-4.tar.gz * installing to library '/home/probinson/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.10' * installing *source* package 'ROCR' ... ** R ** data ** demo ** preparing package for lazy loading Loading required package: gtools Loading required package: gdata gdata: read.xls support for 'XLS' (Excel 97-2004) files ENABLED. gdata: read.xls support for 'XLSX' (Excel 2007+) files ENABLED. Attaching package: 'gdata' The following object(s) are masked from package:utils : object.size Loading required package: caTools Loading required package: bitops Loading required package: grid Loading required package: KernSmooth KernSmooth 2.23 loaded Copyright M. P. Wand 1997-2009 Attaching package: 'gplots' The following object(s) are masked from package:stats : lowess Error in setMethod(plot, signature(x = performance, y = missing), : no existing definition for function plot Error : unable to load R code in package 'ROCR' ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'ROCR' * removing '/home/probinson/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.10/ROCR' probinson@bioinform08:/tmp/RtmpO0rFbx/downloaded_packages$ [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] identifying a column name correctly to use in a formula
Hi,
I have a large matrix (SNPs) that I want to cycle over with logistic
regression with interaction terms. I have made a loop but I am struggling
to identify to the formula the name of the column in a way which is
meaningful to the formula. It errors becasue it is not evaluated proporly.
(below is a pilot with only 7 to 33 columns, my actual has 200,000 columns)
My attempts:
for (i in 7:33) {
label - colnames(n)[i]
model1 - glm(AS~label*interaction,family=binomial(logit),data=n)
X - summary(model1)$coefficients[2,1]
Y - c(label,X)
vector - rbind(vector,Y)
} #variable lengths differ
Error in model.frame.default(formula = AS ~ label, data = n,
drop.unused.levels = TRUE) :
variable lengths differ (found for 'label')
#This is because it is trying to do logistic regression on a character
string
for (i in 7:33) {
label - eval(colnames(n)[i])
model1 - glm(AS~label*interaction,family=binomial(logit),data=n)
X - summary(model1)$coefficients[2,1]
Y - c(label,X)
vector - rbind(vector,Y)
} #variable lengths differ
Error in model.frame.default(formula = AS ~ label, data = n,
drop.unused.levels = TRUE) :
variable lengths differ (found for 'label')
#same as above
for (i in 7:33) {
label - as.name(colnames(n)[i])
model1 - glm(AS~label*interaction,family=binomial(logit),data=n)
X - summary(model1)$coefficients[2,1]
Y - c(label,X)
vector - rbind(vector,Y)
}
Error in model.frame.default(formula = AS ~ label, data = n,
drop.unused.levels = TRUE) :
invalid type (symbol) for variable 'label
#not sure what this error is
for (i in 7:33) {
label - eval(as.name(colnames(n)[i]))
model1 - glm(AS~label*interaction,family=binomial(logit),data=n)
X - summary(model1)$coefficients[2,1]
Y - c(label,X)
vector - rbind(vector,Y)
}
# Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : object 'B1' not found
B1 is the name of the first column - this isn't an object and that seems to
be why it is causing an error
for (i in 7:33) {
label - as.formula(colnames(n)[i])
model1 - glm(AS~label*interaction,family=binomial(logit),data=n)
X - summary(model1)$coefficients[2,1]
Y - c(label,X)
vector - rbind(vector,Y)
}
Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : object 'B1' not found
#same as above
for (i in 7:33) {
label - eval(as.formula(colnames(n)[i]))
model1 - glm(AS~label*interaction,family=binomial(logit),data=n)
X - summary(model1)$coefficients[2,1]
Y - c(label,X)
vector - rbind(vector,Y)
}
Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : object 'B1' not found
#same as above
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks
Philip
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[R] nested if else statements
I have a vector of 2,1,0 I want to change to 0,1,2 respectively (the data
is allele dosages)
I have tried multiple nested if/else statements and looked at the ?if help
and cannot work out what is wrong, other people have posted code which is
identical and they state works.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
A[1:20]
[1] 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
B - rep(NA,length(A))
for (i in 1:length(A)){ if(A[i]==2){B[i] - 0} else
+ if(A[i]==0){B[i] - 2} else
+ if(A[i]==1){B[i] - 1}}
Error in if (A[i] == 2) { : missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
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[R] extracting from data.frames for survival analysis
Hi, I have a data frame: class(B27.vec) [1] data.frame head(B27.vec) AGE Gend B27 AgeOn DD uveitis psoriasis IBD CD UC InI BASDAI BASFI Smok UV 1 571 119 38 2 1 1 1 1 1 5.40 8.08 NA 1 2 351 133 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1.69 2.28 NA 1 3 492 140 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.30 9.40 NA 0 4 321 121 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 5.10 9.10 NA 0 5 311 124 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 6.63 6.52 NA 0 6 271 123 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 7.19 6.51 NA 0 I am trying to perform survival analysis but continually get errors when extracting from this data.frame: attempt 1: X - Surv(B27.vec$AgeOn,B27.vec$UV) survdiff(X,rho=0,data=uvf) Error in x$terms : $ operator is invalid for atomic vectors attempt 2: X - Surv(B27.vec[,4],B27.vec[,15]) survdiff(X,rho=0,data=uvf) Error in x$terms : $ operator is invalid for atomic vector attempt 3: AO - B27.vec[[AgeOn, exact = TRUE]] UV - B27.vec[[UV,exact=TRUE]] X - Surv(AO,UV) survdiff(X,rho=0,data=uvf) Error in x$terms : $ operator is invalid for atomic vectors I have read ?data.frame extract.data.frame but I cannot understand how I might structure this differently so it extracts the required columns from this dataframe. For the second 2 attempts I am not using the $ term. Sorry if this seems basic but cannot understand why attempt 1 or 2 doesn't work. thanks Philip __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] determining the difference between 2 character strings
Hi, I am struggling, I have 2 lists with shared elements, one ~600, one ~1000, and I need to determine the difference between them. They are character strings, and to use setdiff(), or unique() I need vectors. I don't know how to force these character strings into a form where you can use functions like setdiff(). Any help would be greatly appreciated. head(R1) [1] ccc-5-96078266-C-T ccc-5-96127578-C-T ccc-5-96133900-A-G ccc-5-96145958-C-T ccc-5-96147966-C-T ccc-5-96150086-T-C head(R2) [1] imm_5_96030100 imm_5_96377451 imm_5_96334858 imm_5_96318074 imm_5_96356643 imm_5_96389465 thanks Philip __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Lapack routine dgesv: system is exactly singular
Hi I have a problem with this error, I have searched the archives and found previous discussion about this, can I cannot understand how the explanations apply to what I am trying to do. I am trying to do Log_rank Survival analysis, I have included tables and str command, is it a factor/integer problem? If so how do I correct this, as all my attempt to recode the data have failed. survdiff(Surv(f2$days.alive , f2$censored)~group, data=f2) Error in drop(.Call(La_dgesv, a, as.matrix(b), tol, PACKAGE = base)) : Lapack routine dgesv: system is exactly singular head(f2) group days.alive censored 1 PRI_CAS_5_NODU 18261 2 PRI_CAS_5_NODU 14880 3 PRI_CAS_5_NODU 18261 4 PRI_CAS_5_NODU 18261 5 PRI_CAS_5_NODU3030 6 PRI_CAS_5_NODU 18261 str(f2) 'data.frame': 16795 obs. of 3 variables: $ group : Factor w/ 2 levels PRI_CAS_5_NODU,..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ days.alive: int 1826 1488 1826 1826 303 1826 1826 971 467 1826 ... $ censored : int 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 ... table(f2$group) PRI_CAS_5_NODU SEC_CAS_5_NODUP 3326 13469 table(f2$censored) 01 7860 8935 [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] creating vectors from data-frames
I am having a problem with creating a vector from a rows or columns, I searched around and found as.vector(x), but it does not seem to do what it says it does I have included an example below, of doing what would seem to be the method required to create a vector, but instead it creates a one row data frame. What is required to actually create a vector. Many thanks Philip data V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6V7V8V9 V10 V11 1 E 2369 2304 2312 2460 2645 3038 3265 3760 3904 4421 2 NZ 705 817 907 917 954 1,026 1,065 1,125 1,276 1,449 nz -as.vector(data[2,2:11]) nz V2 V3 V4 V5 V6V7V8V9 V10 V11 2 705 817 907 917 954 1,026 1,065 1,125 1,276 1,449 class(nz) [1] data.frame [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R for loop stops after 4 iterations
That's fantastic, thank you very much, the qnorm option is interesting, I
will have to play around with it.
Many thanks again
Philip
-Original Message-
From: R. Michael Weylandt [mailto:michael.weyla...@gmail.com]
Sent: Sunday, 23 October 2011 10:28 AM
To: Philip Robinson
Cc: r-help@r-project.org
Subject: Re: [R] R for loop stops after 4 iterations
There's a seeming inconsistency in this question -- namely, you provide an
example of a data frame with 4 columns but say it is 27x3
-- but I think your question comes from a misunderstanding of what
length(e) calculates. For a data frame it gives the number of columns back.
Hence if you have a 27x4 data frame (which you appear to) iterations will
only fill the first four elements of output.
You'd probably rather use NROW(e). As an aside, for these sort of loops,
seq_along() is usually a very good choice, but it doesn't work here because
of the length() thing.
On another note, why don't you just do the calculation analytically and save
yourself some trouble?
# Something like
with(e, qnorm(0.42, V2, V3)*100)
Michael
On Sat, Oct 22, 2011 at 7:33 PM, Philip Robinson
philip.c.robin...@gmail.com wrote:
I have a data frame called e, dim is 27,3, the first 5 lines look like
this:
V1 V2 V3 V4
1 1673 0.36 0.08 Smith
2 167 0.36 0.08 Allen
3 99 0.37 0.06 Allen
4 116 0.38 0.07 Allen
5 95 0.41 0.08 Allen
I am trying to calculate the proportion/percentage of V1 which would
have values 0.42 if V2 was the mean of a normal distribution with V1
people and a standard distribution of V3. The loop works but only for
4 iterations then stops, I can't understand why, the code and the
output are below
output - rep(NA, 27)
for (i in 1:length(e))
{
x - rnorm(n=e[i,1], mean=e[i,2], sd=e[i,3])
n - e[i,1]
v - x0.42
q -(sum(v)/n)*100
output[i] - q
}
output
[1] 22.23551 27.54491 25.25253 19.82759 NA NA NA
NA NA
[10] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA
[19] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA
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and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] R for loop stops after 4 iterations
I have a data frame called e, dim is 27,3, the first 5 lines look like this:
V1 V2 V3V4
1 1673 0.36 0.08 Smith
2 167 0.36 0.08 Allen
399 0.37 0.06 Allen
4 116 0.38 0.07 Allen
595 0.41 0.08 Allen
I am trying to calculate the proportion/percentage of V1 which would have
values 0.42 if V2 was the mean of a normal distribution with V1 people and
a standard distribution of V3. The loop works but only for 4 iterations then
stops, I can't understand why, the code and the output are below
output - rep(NA, 27)
for (i in 1:length(e))
{
x - rnorm(n=e[i,1], mean=e[i,2], sd=e[i,3])
n - e[i,1]
v - x0.42
q -(sum(v)/n)*100
output[i] - q
}
output
[1] 22.23551 27.54491 25.25253 19.82759 NA NA NA NA
NA
[10] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA
[19] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA
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and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] help with graphing -- Points in my graph are not apparent, always displayed in steps
http://n4.nabble.com/file/n962784/egraph_rules_list_2.png The red X's that are listed above represent data points that have been completely ignored in production of my graph. I know that in a specified sentence length there are variations in number of Conjunctions -- View this message in context: http://n4.nabble.com/help-with-graphing-Points-in-my-graph-are-not-apparent-always-displayed-in-steps-tp961629p962784.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] help with graphing -- Points in my graph are not apparent, always displayed in steps
Sorry to have not provided enough information in my prior post. Here is a
summary of the calculation set that I am doing. The histograms have changed
since my last post, but I am not so concerned about them. The scatter plots
do not show all of the points, they seem to round off to the most common. I
have tried doctoring the http://n4.nabble.com/file/n963172/ESTATS ESTATS
file to get a different result, but received no change.
removeOutliers-function(dataset){
return(
dataset[
max(sort(dataset$words)[1:(length(dataset$words)/100)])dataset$words
dataset$words(min(sort(dataset$words)[(99*length(dataset$words)/100):length(dataset$words)])+1),,
]
)
};
edat.src-read.csv(ESTATS,head=TRUE,sep=\t);
edat-removeOutliers(edat.src);
# Only address the subset where there exists appropriate conjunctions within
the sentence
temp-edat[edat$R2SC0,,]
png(egraph_rules_list_2.png,width=800,height=700,res=72);
par(mfrow=c(2,2));
# graph that i am having trouble with, it does not seem to reflect the
data
# The scatter plots are not recognizing all of the data
qqplot(x=temp$words,y=temp$R2SC,ylab=With Rules applied SC,xlab=Number of
Words,col=blue,main=Subordinating Conjunctions\n(Number of Words));
hist(temp$words,col=heat.colors(max(temp$words)),main=Subortinating
Conjunctions \n-- Number of Words);
temp-edat[edat$R2CC0,,]
qqplot(x=temp$words,y=temp$R2CC,ylab=With Rules applied CC,xlab=Number
of Words,col=purple,main=Coordinating Conjunctions\n(Number of Words));
hist(temp$words,col=heat.colors(max(temp$words)),main=Coordinating
Conjunctions \n-- Number of Words);
dev.off();
David Winsemius wrote:
You provide no data. This is a guess, therefore. You have used a hist
call that has a ratio as the argument and were expecting it to be
interpreted as a formula.
--
View this message in context:
http://n4.nabble.com/help-with-graphing-Points-in-my-graph-are-not-apparent-always-displayed-in-steps-tp961629p963172.html
Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
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PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] help with graphing -- Points in my graph are not apparent, always displayed in steps
Thank you very much, -- Philip David Winsemius wrote: -- View this message in context: http://n4.nabble.com/help-with-graphing-Points-in-my-graph-are-not-apparent-always-displayed-in-steps-tp961629p963227.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] help with graphing -- Points in my graph are not apparent, always displayed in steps
I am trying to graphically represent a large set of data who's result is not strictly uniform. http://n4.nabble.com/file/n961629/egraph_rules_list_2.png The scatter plot to the left has all of the data rising in steps however I know that there are cases within my data that do not fit the dotted line. temp-edat[edat$R1SC0,,] png(egraph_rules_list_1.png,width=800,height=700,res=72); par(mfrow=c(2,2)); qqplot(x=temp$words,y=temp$R1SC,ylab=With Rules applied SC Shortlist,xlab=Number of Words,col=blue,main=Subordinating Conjunctions\n(Number of Words),type=p); hist(temp$R1SC/temp$words,col=heat.colors(max(temp$R1SC)),main=Subortinating Conjunctions \n/ Number of Words); temp-edat[edat$R1CC0,,] qqplot(x=temp$words,y=temp$R1CC,ylab=With Rules applied CC Shortlist,xlab=Number of Words,col=purple,main=Coordinating Conjunctions\n(Number of Words),type=p); hist(temp$R1CC/temp$words,col=heat.colors(max(temp$R1CC)),main=Coordinating Conjunctions \n/ Number of Words); dev.off(); your help is much appreciated -- View this message in context: http://n4.nabble.com/help-with-graphing-Points-in-my-graph-are-not-apparent-always-displayed-in-steps-tp961629p961629.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
