Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim
Many thanks Jacques Veslot and Ben Bolker, Im closer to my goal thanks to Jacques's code and Ben I will follow the leads. Happy Holidays Ronnie Ronnie Ben Bolker wrote: Ronnie Babigumira rb.glists at gmail.com writes: It sounds like you might want to break your axis. plotrix provides a function to draw the axis break, but you have to mess around with the data scaling and axis labels yourself. See RSiteSearch(axis break); most of these discussions are about breaking y axes but the same techniques apply to the x axis. good luck, Ben Bolker __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] for loop error
I have the following code and I am not sure what's wrong or how to make it
work.
B - matrix(1,nrow=50,ncol=2)
for (i in 1:length(size.out)){ # length(size.out=2) these
are the two variables
X - var.range[i,1] # min
Y - var.range[i,1] # min
ratio - size.out[,i]
for (j in 1:groups) # no.groups=50
A - 0
X - Y # min
Y - X + span.group.size[i,1] # min + (max-min)/50
for (k in 1:length(ratio)) # there are
11065 observations per variable
if ((X = ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y))
A - A+1
B[j,i] - A
print(B)
}
basically, what I want to do is obtain a range for the variables in
size.out data frame. I do this by computing min and max and getting a span.
Then I have
var.range is defined by row=variables from size.out and col=[min max]
span.group.size is defined as row=variables from size.out and col=[span]
Now I want to count how many values fall into defined range with if ((X =
ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y)). This count I need to store which I then later
on plot.
Thanks.
Ita Cirovic-Donev
__
R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] for loop error
I have the following code and I am not sure what's wrong or how to make it
work.
B - matrix(1,nrow=50,ncol=2)
for (i in 1:length(size.out)){ # length(size.out=2) these
are the two variables
X - var.range[i,1] # min
Y - var.range[i,1] # min
ratio - size.out[,i]
for (j in 1:groups) # no.groups=50
A - 0
X - Y # min
Y - X + span.group.size[i,1] # min + (max-min)/50
for (k in 1:length(ratio)) # there are
11065 observations per variable
if ((X = ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y))
A - A+1
B[j,i] - A
print(B)
}
basically, what I want to do is obtain a range for the variables in
size.out data frame. I do this by computing min and max and getting a span.
Then I have
var.range is defined by row=variables from size.out and col=[min max]
span.group.size is defined as row=variables from size.out and col=[span]
Now I want to count how many values fall into defined range with if ((X =
ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y)). This count I need to store which I then later
on plot.
Thanks.
Ita Cirovic-Donev
__
R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim
Ronnie Babigumira wrote: Hi, Still fresh in R, tried to figure this out, now on my second day running with no luck (and a pile of hair on my desk) so I have thrown in the towel and would like to ask for some help. Here is what I am trying to do. I am trying to plot a distribution, I have 99 points, bound in the range xlim.min: -0.0173 xlim.max: 0.02103 However, I have a value outside this range (0.2454959) which I would like to add to the plot as a line and to do this I use abline(v=0.2454959) This is what I write xlim = c(-0.02, 0.3) denz - density(morp) plot.density(denz, xlim = xlim, ylim = c(0,70)) hist(morp, freq=F, add= T) abline(v=0.2454959) Without any options, plot.density spreads out nicely, however, naturally, the line I want to add is not plotted since it is well outside the range automatically determined by plot.density hence the need to add xlim however this produces something I dont find aesthetically appealing. The plot is squeezed out into a very lean bell shape. So (finally) my question, how can i widen the spread of my plot and yet also be able to add my xline. Hi Ronnie, For only one line, it is probably easiest to stick in an axis break and label the line on the x axis. Notice that the position of the line is arbitrarily set to be far enough beyond the end of the density curve to allow room for the axis break. testdata-rnorm(50,sd=0.01) denz-density(testdata) plot(denz,xlim=c(-0.02,0.04),axes=FALSE) box() axis(1,at=c(-0.02,0,0.02,0.039),labels=c(-0.02,0,0.02,0.2454959)) abline(v=0.039) axis.break(1,breakpos=0.037) This is probably a common enough problem for inclusion in the axis.break example. Jim __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] for loop error
Hi
As we do not have your data and you did not specify what is wrong and
your code is a bit messy I can not reproduce what you did and failed
to do.
In each email there is statement
PLEASE do read the posting guide!
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
You probably should look at
range? and apply?
apply(barva[,4:21], 2, function(x) sum((x5) (x0), na.rm=T))
tuny fe2o3 vlhk vodos vodiv phzbazbb olej dispRD
pod1mi tio2 l a b ce h DEcmc
1 0548548 0 75548 0 0 0
11 63 0 0 0 0 0548
gives me number of values in data frame barva in 0,5 interval, if
this is what you want.
HTH
Petr
On 23 Dec 2005 at 11:45, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
To: r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date sent: Fri, 23 Dec 2005 11:45:02 +0100
Subject:[R] for loop error
I have the following code and I am not sure what's wrong or how to
make it work.
B - matrix(1,nrow=50,ncol=2)
for (i in 1:length(size.out)){ # length(size.out=2)
these are the two variables
X - var.range[i,1] # min
Y - var.range[i,1] # min
ratio - size.out[,i]
for (j in 1:groups) # no.groups=50
A - 0
X - Y # min
Y - X + span.group.size[i,1] # min +
(max-min)/50
for (k in 1:length(ratio)) # there
are
11065 observations per variable
if ((X = ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y))
A - A+1
B[j,i] - A
print(B)
}
basically, what I want to do is obtain a range for the variables in
size.out data frame. I do this by computing min and max and getting a
span. Then I have
var.range is defined by row=variables from size.out and col=[min max]
span.group.size is defined as row=variables from size.out and
col=[span]
Now I want to count how many values fall into defined range with if
((X = ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y)). This count I need to store which
I then later on plot.
Thanks.
Ita Cirovic-Donev
__
R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide!
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Petr Pikal
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: [R] for loop error
I guess you missed {} after for ():
for (j in 1:groups) # no.groups=50
## ?? for (j in 1:groups) {
for (k in 1:length(ratio))
## ?? for () {
On 12/23/05, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I have the following code and I am not sure what's wrong or how to make it
work.
B - matrix(1,nrow=50,ncol=2)
for (i in 1:length(size.out)){ # length(size.out=2) these
are the two variables
X - var.range[i,1] # min
Y - var.range[i,1] # min
ratio - size.out[,i]
for (j in 1:groups) # no.groups=50
A - 0
X - Y # min
Y - X + span.group.size[i,1] # min + (max-min)/50
for (k in 1:length(ratio)) # there are
11065 observations per variable
if ((X = ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y))
A - A+1
B[j,i] - A
print(B)
}
basically, what I want to do is obtain a range for the variables in
size.out data frame. I do this by computing min and max and getting a span.
Then I have
var.range is defined by row=variables from size.out and col=[min max]
span.group.size is defined as row=variables from size.out and col=[span]
Now I want to count how many values fall into defined range with if ((X =
ratio[k]) (ratio[k] = Y)). This count I need to store which I then later
on plot.
Thanks.
Ita Cirovic-Donev
__
R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
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Xiaohua Dai, Dr.
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Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim
Hi, I believe Jim Lemon's solution requires his plotrix package. Maurice Haynes National Institutes of Health Child and Family Research Section -Original Message- From: Jim Lemon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, December 23, 2005 10:12 PM To: Ronnie Babigumira Cc: R Help Subject: Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim Ronnie Babigumira wrote: Hi, Still fresh in R, tried to figure this out, now on my second day running with no luck (and a pile of hair on my desk) so I have thrown in the towel and would like to ask for some help. Here is what I am trying to do. I am trying to plot a distribution, I have 99 points, bound in the range xlim.min: -0.0173 xlim.max: 0.02103 However, I have a value outside this range (0.2454959) which I would like to add to the plot as a line and to do this I use abline(v=0.2454959) This is what I write xlim = c(-0.02, 0.3) denz - density(morp) plot.density(denz, xlim = xlim, ylim = c(0,70)) hist(morp, freq=F, add= T) abline(v=0.2454959) Without any options, plot.density spreads out nicely, however, naturally, the line I want to add is not plotted since it is well outside the range automatically determined by plot.density hence the need to add xlim however this produces something I dont find aesthetically appealing. The plot is squeezed out into a very lean bell shape. So (finally) my question, how can i widen the spread of my plot and yet also be able to add my xline. Hi Ronnie, For only one line, it is probably easiest to stick in an axis break and label the line on the x axis. Notice that the position of the line is arbitrarily set to be far enough beyond the end of the density curve to allow room for the axis break. testdata-rnorm(50,sd=0.01) denz-density(testdata) plot(denz,xlim=c(-0.02,0.04),axes=FALSE) box() axis(1,at=c(-0.02,0,0.02,0.039),labels=c(-0.02,0,0.02,0.2454959)) abline(v=0.039) axis.break(1,breakpos=0.037) This is probably a common enough problem for inclusion in the axis.break example. Jim __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim
Without any options, plot.density spreads out nicely, however, naturally, the line I want to add is not plotted since it is well outside the range automatically determined by plot.density hence the need to add xlim however this produces something I dont find aesthetically appealing. The plot is squeezed out into a very lean bell shape. Using a broken axis is not a good solution to this problem (and there are very few times that using a broken axis is a good idea) It sounds like you are trying to compare a reference value to a distribution. To do this visually they both need to be on the same scale, so that you can see the distance between the reference value and the distribution. Although it may not be aesthetically pleasing, it is true to the data. Hadley __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim
Maurice, Indeed it does (tried to run it and got an error..however a quick search led me to it). Jim, many thanks for your code...I am now trying out all the ideas and will get back with what works best for me Ronnie Haynes, Maurice (NIH/NICHD) [E] wrote: Hi, I believe Jim Lemon's solution requires his plotrix package. Maurice Haynes National Institutes of Health Child and Family Research Section -Original Message- From: Jim Lemon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, December 23, 2005 10:12 PM To: Ronnie Babigumira Cc: R Help Subject: Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim Ronnie Babigumira wrote: Hi, Still fresh in R, tried to figure this out, now on my second day running with no luck (and a pile of hair on my desk) so I have thrown in the towel and would like to ask for some help. Here is what I am trying to do. I am trying to plot a distribution, I have 99 points, bound in the range xlim.min: -0.0173 xlim.max: 0.02103 However, I have a value outside this range (0.2454959) which I would like to add to the plot as a line and to do this I use abline(v=0.2454959) This is what I write xlim = c(-0.02, 0.3) denz - density(morp) plot.density(denz, xlim = xlim, ylim = c(0,70)) hist(morp, freq=F, add= T) abline(v=0.2454959) Without any options, plot.density spreads out nicely, however, naturally, the line I want to add is not plotted since it is well outside the range automatically determined by plot.density hence the need to add xlim however this produces something I dont find aesthetically appealing. The plot is squeezed out into a very lean bell shape. So (finally) my question, how can i widen the spread of my plot and yet also be able to add my xline. Hi Ronnie, For only one line, it is probably easiest to stick in an axis break and label the line on the x axis. Notice that the position of the line is arbitrarily set to be far enough beyond the end of the density curve to allow room for the axis break. testdata-rnorm(50,sd=0.01) denz-density(testdata) plot(denz,xlim=c(-0.02,0.04),axes=FALSE) box() axis(1,at=c(-0.02,0,0.02,0.039),labels=c(-0.02,0,0.02,0.2454959)) abline(v=0.039) axis.break(1,breakpos=0.037) This is probably a common enough problem for inclusion in the axis.break example. Jim __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim
Hadley Your point is valid and well taken. However, the break still shows how far off the value is from the distribution (I intend to add a note to draw a readers attention to this). Anyhow, like I said, I will try the two ideas shared on the list and make a note of what works best for me. Many thanks Ronnie hadley wickham wrote: Without any options, plot.density spreads out nicely, however, naturally, the line I want to add is not plotted since it is well outside the range automatically determined by plot.density hence the need to add xlim however this produces something I dont find aesthetically appealing. The plot is squeezed out into a very lean bell shape. Using a broken axis is not a good solution to this problem (and there are very few times that using a broken axis is a good idea) It sounds like you are trying to compare a reference value to a distribution. To do this visually they both need to be on the same scale, so that you can see the distance between the reference value and the distribution. Although it may not be aesthetically pleasing, it is true to the data. Hadley __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] maps package will not load
I recently installed the maps package, version 2.0-30, into an installation of R 2.2.1 on a rather ancient Pentium 3 PC under Windows NT4. When I try to load the library I get an error dialog with title 'Rgui.exe - Unable To Locate DLL', which says The dynamic link library R could not be found in the specified path (and then it lists the path, which does include the place that the DLL actually is). On dismissing this, I get the following in the console: Error in dyn.load(x, as.logical(local), as.logical(now)) : unable to load shared library 'C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-22~1.1/library/maps/libs/maps.dll': LoadLibrary failure: The specified module could not be found. Error in library(maps) : .First.lib failed for 'maps' maps.dll is indeed in the place from which R tells me it can't load it. Other packages with a .First.lib continue to work correctly. I have repeated the installation of the maps package, from several different mirrors, and the same thing happens. (To be more precise, I originally did this installation a few days ago into R 2.2.0, and got the results described above, and now I've installed R 2.2.1 and exactly the same thing happens, apart from the path being different of course.) Any ideas? Regards, Kevin Kevin McConway Senior Lecturer in Statistics Department of Statistics The Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK Phone: +44-1908-653676 Fax: +44-1908-655515 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
hi R-users, a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is not very fast. so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1- location in the files system? or have i to download and install the packages new? greetings from the snowy austria merry christmas helli system R.2.2.0 win xp __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
Hi Helli, this came up last week, Here are some of the replys posted 1. In http://cran.r-project.org/contrib/extra/batchfiles/batchfiles_0.2-5.zip are two Windows XP batch files: movedir.bat copydir.bat which will move the packages (which is much faster and suitable if you don't need the old version of R any more) or copy the packages (which takes longer but preserves the old version). 2. x - installed.packages()[,1] install.packages(x) 3. This is one reason we normally recommend that you install into a separate library. Then update.packages(checkBuilt = TRUE) is all that is needed. However, foo - installed.packages() as.vector(foo[is.na(foo[, Priority]), 1]) will give you a character vector which you can feed to install.packages(), so it's not complex to do manually. 4. If the previous installation is still alive, fire it up and pS - packageStatus() pkgs - pS$inst$Package[!pS$inst$Priority %in% c(base, recommended)] save(pkgs, file = foo) In the new installation, load(foo) install.packages(pkgs) Helmut Kudrnovsky wrote: hi R-users, a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is not very fast. so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1- location in the files system? or have i to download and install the packages new? greetings from the snowy austria merry christmas helli system R.2.2.0 win xp __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] convolution of the double exponential distribution
Duncan Murdoch schrieb:
On 12/22/2005 7:56 PM, Bickel, David wrote:
Is there any R function that computes the convolution of the double
exponential distribution?
If not, is there a good way to integrate ((q+x)^n)*exp(-2x) over x from
0 to Inf for any value of q and for any positive integer n? I need to
perform the integration within a function with q and n as arguments. The
function integrate() is giving me this message:
evaluation of function gave a result of wrong length
Under the substitution of y = q+x, that looks like a gamma integral.
The x = 0 to Inf range translates into y = q to Inf, so you'll need an
incomplete gamma function, such as pgamma. Be careful to get the
constant multiplier right.
Duncan Murdoch
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Hi,
you can use our package distr.
require(distr)
## define double exponential distribution
loc - 0 # location parameter
sca - 1 # scale parameter
rfun - function(n){ loc + scale * ifelse(runif(n) 0.5, 1, -1) * rexp(n) }
body(rfun) - substitute({ loc + scale * ifelse(runif(n) 0.5, 1, -1) *
rexp(n) },
list(loc = loc, scale = sca))
dfun - function(x){ exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale)/(2*scale) }
body(dfun) - substitute({ exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale)/(2*scale) }, list(loc
= loc, scale = sca))
pfun - function(x){ 0.5*(1 + sign(x-loc)*(1-exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale))) }
body(pfun) - substitute({ 0.5*(1 +
sign(x-loc)*(1-exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale))) },
list(loc = loc, scale = sca))
qfun - function(x){ loc - scale*sign(x-0.5)*log(1 - 2*abs(x-0.5)) }
body(qfun) - substitute({ loc - scale*sign(x-0.5)*log(1 - 2*abs(x-0.5)) },
list(loc = loc, scale = sca))
D1 - new(AbscontDistribution, r = rfun, d = dfun, p = pfun, q = qfun)
plot(D1)
D2 - D1 + D1 # convolution based on FFT
plot(D2)
hth,
Matthias
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[R] Constant error messages with new R version
Hi I would be grateful if anyone could shed any light... I usually import files into R with the read.csv command. This worked fine until I downloaded the latest version of R. Now, presumably it wont recognise the file as a data frame since I always get the error message:- The following object(s) are masked from package:base : Any suggestions much appreciated, Simon. Simon Pickett Centre for Ecology and Conservation Biology University of Exeter in Cornwall Tremough Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Tel: 01326371852 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
Helmut Kudrnovsky wrote: hi R-users, a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is not very fast. so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1- location in the files system? It is safe to copy. Uwe Ligges or have i to download and install the packages new? greetings from the snowy austria merry christmas helli system R.2.2.0 win xp __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Constant error messages with new R version
sp219 wrote: Hi I would be grateful if anyone could shed any light... I usually import files into R with the read.csv command. This worked fine until I downloaded the latest version of R. Now, presumably it wont recognise the file as a data frame since I always get the error message:- The following object(s) are masked from package:base : Any suggestions much appreciated, Simon. 1. This is a warning, no error. 2. Should be unrelated with the version of R (unless you last version was really ancient). You have masked objects from base (i.e. you have objects in the search path prior to base that have the same names as some objects in base). Uwe Ligges Simon Pickett Centre for Ecology and Conservation Biology University of Exeter in Cornwall Tremough Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Tel: 01326371852 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Plot problems: xlim
While I appreciate the availability of axis.break, I agree with Hadley in this case. I would provide two plots, with and without the special point. Or just the density plot and some numbers. Broken axes require interpretation which is often easier to do using numbers, e.g. the mean or range (exclusive of x.special) and x.special. Sometimes simple numbers really do provide a better 'picture'. Peter Ehlers Ronnie Babigumira wrote: Hadley Your point is valid and well taken. However, the break still shows how far off the value is from the distribution (I intend to add a note to draw a readers attention to this). Anyhow, like I said, I will try the two ideas shared on the list and make a note of what works best for me. Many thanks Ronnie hadley wickham wrote: Without any options, plot.density spreads out nicely, however, naturally, the line I want to add is not plotted since it is well outside the range automatically determined by plot.density hence the need to add xlim however this produces something I dont find aesthetically appealing. The plot is squeezed out into a very lean bell shape. Using a broken axis is not a good solution to this problem (and there are very few times that using a broken axis is a good idea) It sounds like you are trying to compare a reference value to a distribution. To do this visually they both need to be on the same scale, so that you can see the distance between the reference value and the distribution. Although it may not be aesthetically pleasing, it is true to the data. Hadley __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
This might not be the preferred way, but can one not also do this by appropriately assigning .libPaths? Peter Ehlers Uwe Ligges wrote: Helmut Kudrnovsky wrote: hi R-users, a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is not very fast. so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1- location in the files system? It is safe to copy. Uwe Ligges or have i to download and install the packages new? greetings from the snowy austria merry christmas helli system R.2.2.0 win xp __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] convolution of the double exponential distribution
Hi,
It is quite easy to integrate ((q+x)^n)*exp(-2x) over x from 0 to Inf, if
you are familiar with the following basic Laplace transform results:
(a) L_s[x^n] = \Gamma(n+1)/s^(n+1)
(b) L_s[f(x+q)] = exp(-qs) F(s)
Using (a) and (b) and substituting s=2, you get your desired integral, I:
I = exp(-2q) \Gamma(n+1) / 2^(n+1).
Hope this helps,
Ravi.
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Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
Johns Hopkins University
Ph: (410) 502-2619
Fax: (410) 614-9625
Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
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-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:r-help-
[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Matthias Kohl
Sent: Friday, December 23, 2005 10:09 AM
To: Bickel, David
Cc: r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch; Duncan Murdoch
Subject: Re: [R] convolution of the double exponential distribution
Duncan Murdoch schrieb:
On 12/22/2005 7:56 PM, Bickel, David wrote:
Is there any R function that computes the convolution of the double
exponential distribution?
If not, is there a good way to integrate ((q+x)^n)*exp(-2x) over x from
0 to Inf for any value of q and for any positive integer n? I need to
perform the integration within a function with q and n as arguments. The
function integrate() is giving me this message:
evaluation of function gave a result of wrong length
Under the substitution of y = q+x, that looks like a gamma integral.
The x = 0 to Inf range translates into y = q to Inf, so you'll need an
incomplete gamma function, such as pgamma. Be careful to get the
constant multiplier right.
Duncan Murdoch
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Hi,
you can use our package distr.
require(distr)
## define double exponential distribution
loc - 0 # location parameter
sca - 1 # scale parameter
rfun - function(n){ loc + scale * ifelse(runif(n) 0.5, 1, -1) * rexp(n)
}
body(rfun) - substitute({ loc + scale * ifelse(runif(n) 0.5, 1, -1) *
rexp(n) },
list(loc = loc, scale = sca))
dfun - function(x){ exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale)/(2*scale) }
body(dfun) - substitute({ exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale)/(2*scale) }, list(loc
= loc, scale = sca))
pfun - function(x){ 0.5*(1 + sign(x-loc)*(1-exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale))) }
body(pfun) - substitute({ 0.5*(1 +
sign(x-loc)*(1-exp(-abs(x-loc)/scale))) },
list(loc = loc, scale = sca))
qfun - function(x){ loc - scale*sign(x-0.5)*log(1 - 2*abs(x-0.5)) }
body(qfun) - substitute({ loc - scale*sign(x-0.5)*log(1 - 2*abs(x-0.5))
},
list(loc = loc, scale = sca))
D1 - new(AbscontDistribution, r = rfun, d = dfun, p = pfun, q = qfun)
plot(D1)
D2 - D1 + D1 # convolution based on FFT
plot(D2)
hth,
Matthias
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Re: [R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
Its possible and I have done this but found it difficult to keep straight what is where and ultimately found it simpler to have all the packages in the distribution's tree. As a result I went back to that simple setup. The other problem with sharing them among distros is the worry that updating them in a later version might break them in an earlier version thus from a practical viewpoint if you do that you may or may not be able to continue to use the earlier version. If you are not going to use the earlier version anyways I think its simplest just to use movedir.bat which is very fast and keeps the setup simple or copydir.bat which also does not require downloading the packages again but takes substantially longer since the packages must be physically copied from one place to another on your disk. If you are willing to reinstall them then the suggestions of how to do that could be followed. On 12/23/05, P Ehlers [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This might not be the preferred way, but can one not also do this by appropriately assigning .libPaths? Peter Ehlers Uwe Ligges wrote: Helmut Kudrnovsky wrote: hi R-users, a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is not very fast. so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1- location in the files system? It is safe to copy. Uwe Ligges or have i to download and install the packages new? greetings from the snowy austria merry christmas helli system R.2.2.0 win xp __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
P Ehlers wrote: This might not be the preferred way, but can one not also do this by appropriately assigning .libPaths? But then better use a clean library of contributed packages and not another R version's standard library. Uwe Ligges Peter Ehlers Uwe Ligges wrote: Helmut Kudrnovsky wrote: hi R-users, a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is not very fast. so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1- location in the files system? It is safe to copy. Uwe Ligges or have i to download and install the packages new? greetings from the snowy austria merry christmas helli system R.2.2.0 win xp __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] maps package will not load
The problem is a bug in your OS. (Given that Microsoft no longer supports it, the bug is not going to get fixed. Do you really want to be running an unsupported OS that was superseded in 1999?) You will need to compile package maps from the sources, after altering maps/src/Makefile.win as follows DLLLIBS = -L$(RHOME)/bin -L$(RHOME)/src/gnuwin32 -lR ^^ delete this On Fri, 23 Dec 2005, K.J.Mcconway wrote: I recently installed the maps package, version 2.0-30, into an installation of R 2.2.1 on a rather ancient Pentium 3 PC under Windows NT4. When I try to load the library I get an error dialog with title 'Rgui.exe - Unable To Locate DLL', which says The dynamic link library R could not be found in the specified path (and then it lists the path, which does include the place that the DLL actually is). On dismissing this, I get the following in the console: Error in dyn.load(x, as.logical(local), as.logical(now)) : unable to load shared library 'C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-22~1.1/library/maps/libs/maps.dll': LoadLibrary failure: The specified module could not be found. Error in library(maps) : .First.lib failed for 'maps' maps.dll is indeed in the place from which R tells me it can't load it. Other packages with a .First.lib continue to work correctly. I have repeated the installation of the maps package, from several different mirrors, and the same thing happens. (To be more precise, I originally did this installation a few days ago into R 2.2.0, and got the results described above, and now I've installed R 2.2.1 and exactly the same thing happens, apart from the path being different of course.) Any ideas? -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] Reading in large file in pieces
On 12/23/05 2:41 AM, Prof Brian Ripley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Thu, 22 Dec 2005, Sean Davis wrote: I have a large file (millions of lines) and would like to read it in pieces. The file is logically separated into little modules, but these modules do not have a common size, so I have to scan the file to know where they are. They are independent, so I don't have to read one at the end to interpret one at the beginning. Is there a way to read one line at a time and parse it on the fly and do so quickly, or do I need to read say 100k lines at a time and then work with those? Only a small piece of each module will remain in memory after parsing is completed on each module. My direct question is: Is there a fast way to parse one line at a time looking for breaks between modules, or am I better off taking large but manageable chunks from the file and parsing that chunk all at once? On any reasonable OS (you have not told us yours), it will make no difference as the file reads will be buffered. Assuming you are doing something like opening a connection and calling readLines(n=1), of course. Thanks. That is indeed the answer, and you are correct that it is quite fast on MacOS 10.4.4. Most importantly, it does successfully reduce memory usage for my program by an order of magnitude (+/-). Sean __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] convolution of the double exponential distribution
Mathematica says
Assuming[q ∈ Reals q 0, Integrate[(q + x)^n*Exp[-2*x], {x, 0,
Infinity}]]
2^(-1 - n)*Exp[2*q]*Gamma[1 + n, 2*q]
and 2-argument Gamma is the incomplete Gamma function
(integration starting at 2*q)
Duncan Murdoch wrote:
On 12/22/2005 7:56 PM, Bickel, David wrote:
Is there any R function that computes the convolution of the double
exponential distribution?
If not, is there a good way to integrate ((q+x)^n)*exp(-2x) over x from
0 to Inf for any value of q and for any positive integer n? I need to
perform the integration within a function with q and n as arguments. The
function integrate() is giving me this message:
evaluation of function gave a result of wrong length
Under the substitution of y = q+x, that looks like a gamma integral.
The x = 0 to Inf range translates into y = q to Inf, so you'll need an
incomplete gamma function, such as pgamma. Be careful to get the
constant multiplier right.
Duncan Murdoch
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Re: [R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
Good point. I actually keep packages that aren't installed with R in a separate directory. I set .libPaths via R_LIBS. Peter Ehlers Uwe Ligges wrote: P Ehlers wrote: This might not be the preferred way, but can one not also do this by appropriately assigning .libPaths? But then better use a clean library of contributed packages and not another R version's standard library. Uwe Ligges Peter Ehlers Uwe Ligges wrote: Helmut Kudrnovsky wrote: hi R-users, a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is not very fast. so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1- location in the files system? It is safe to copy. Uwe Ligges or have i to download and install the packages new? greetings from the snowy austria merry christmas helli system R.2.2.0 win xp __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] dse package problems
I am having problems with the package dse. I just installed R 2.2.1 and reinstalled all packages. I am running Windows XP Pro with all updates. Below there are two examples of error messages generated when trying to execute some simple programs. The code was taken directly from the package documentation. Any help on this will be greatly appreciated. Merry Christmas Fernando # First Example library(tframe) Loading required package: setRNG library(dse1) Attaching package: 'dse1' The following object(s) are masked from package:stats : acf simulate library(dse2) fileName - system.file(otherdata, eg1.dat, package=dse1) eg1.DSE.data - t(matrix(scan(fileName),5, 364))[, 2:5] Read 1820 items eg1.DSE.data - TSdata(input= eg1.DSE.data[,1,drop = F], output= + eg1.DSE.data[, 2:4, drop = F]) eg1.DSE.data # this is the troublemaking command input data: Error: evaluation nested too deeply: infinite recursion / options(expressions=)? # Second Example rary(tframe) Loading required package: setRNG library(dse1) Attaching package: 'dse1' The following object(s) are masked from package:stats : acf simulate library(dse2) AR - array(c(1, 0.5, 0.3, 0, 0.2, 0.1, 0, 0.2, 0.05, 1, 0.5, 0.3), c(3, 2, + 2)) MA - array(c(1, 0.2, 0, 0.1, 0, 0, 1, 0.3), c(2, 2, 2)) arma - ARMA(A = AR, B = MA, C = NULL) data.arma.sim - simulate(arma) data.arma.sim output data: Error: evaluation nested too deeply: infinite recursion / options(expressions=)? # ## # Second Example library(tframe) library(dse1) library(dse2) AR - array(c(1, 0.5, 0.3, 0, 0.2, 0.1, 0, 0.2, 0.05, 1, 0.5, 0.3), c(3, 2, 2)) MA - array(c(1, 0.2, 0, 0.1, 0, 0, 1, 0.3), c(2, 2, 2)) arma - ARMA(A = AR, B = MA, C = NULL) data.arma.sim - simulate(arma) data.arma.sim # R crashes here __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
[R] setting up a matrix structure
Dear R People: I have an n x (nm) matrix. In the first row, there will be n ones, followed by n(m-1) zeros. In the second row, there will be n zeros, n ones, and the rest zeros. In the third row, 2n zeros, n 1 and the rest zeros. . . . In the nth row, n(m-1) zeros and n ones. My question: how can I do this elegantly and efficiently, please? A loop will work just fine, but there must be a better way, please. Thanks for any help! R Version 2.2.0, Windows. Sincerely, Erin Hodgess Associate Professor Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences University of Houston - Downtown mailto: [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] setting up a matrix structure
Try this: n - 3; m - 2 # test values kronecker(diag(n), matrix(1, 1, m)) On 12/23/05, Erin Hodgess [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dear R People: I have an n x (nm) matrix. In the first row, there will be n ones, followed by n(m-1) zeros. In the second row, there will be n zeros, n ones, and the rest zeros. In the third row, 2n zeros, n 1 and the rest zeros. . . . In the nth row, n(m-1) zeros and n ones. My question: how can I do this elegantly and efficiently, please? A loop will work just fine, but there must be a better way, please. Thanks for any help! R Version 2.2.0, Windows. Sincerely, Erin Hodgess Associate Professor Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences University of Houston - Downtown mailto: [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] dse package problems
These are actually all the same thing, infinite recursion in a print() method. (Even the third reports that for my system.) It appears to be the print.tframed method inside print.TSdata which fails to change the class (and this looks like a candidate for NextMethod). You need to take it up with the package maintainer. On Fri, 23 Dec 2005, Fernando Saldanha wrote: I am having problems with the package dse. I just installed R 2.2.1 and reinstalled all packages. I am running Windows XP Pro with all updates. I suspect you updated the dse _bundle_ in doing so. Below there are two examples of error messages generated when trying to execute some simple programs. The code was taken directly from the package documentation. Any help on this will be greatly appreciated. Merry Christmas Fernando # First Example library(tframe) Loading required package: setRNG library(dse1) Attaching package: 'dse1' The following object(s) are masked from package:stats : acf simulate library(dse2) fileName - system.file(otherdata, eg1.dat, package=dse1) eg1.DSE.data - t(matrix(scan(fileName),5, 364))[, 2:5] Read 1820 items eg1.DSE.data - TSdata(input= eg1.DSE.data[,1,drop = F], output= + eg1.DSE.data[, 2:4, drop = F]) eg1.DSE.data # this is the troublemaking command input data: Error: evaluation nested too deeply: infinite recursion / options(expressions=)? # Second Example rary(tframe) Loading required package: setRNG library(dse1) Attaching package: 'dse1' The following object(s) are masked from package:stats : acf simulate library(dse2) AR - array(c(1, 0.5, 0.3, 0, 0.2, 0.1, 0, 0.2, 0.05, 1, 0.5, 0.3), c(3, 2, + 2)) MA - array(c(1, 0.2, 0, 0.1, 0, 0, 1, 0.3), c(2, 2, 2)) arma - ARMA(A = AR, B = MA, C = NULL) data.arma.sim - simulate(arma) data.arma.sim output data: Error: evaluation nested too deeply: infinite recursion / options(expressions=)? # ## # Second Example library(tframe) library(dse1) library(dse2) AR - array(c(1, 0.5, 0.3, 0, 0.2, 0.1, 0, 0.2, 0.05, 1, 0.5, 0.3), c(3, 2, 2)) MA - array(c(1, 0.2, 0, 0.1, 0, 0, 1, 0.3), c(2, 2, 2)) arma - ARMA(A = AR, B = MA, C = NULL) data.arma.sim - simulate(arma) data.arma.sim # R crashes here __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
Re: [R] copy contributed packages from R 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
When I asked this question, I got some good answers. Based on them, I
wrote a pair of functions to accomplish this. I have tested them in
exactly ONE installation, and they worked.
Of course these are not needed by R gurus, but I attach them (with many
more comment lines than actual source) for the use of anyone else who
would like to use them.
MHP
Helmut Kudrnovsky wrote on 12/23/2005 9:43 AM:
hi R-users,
a few days ago R 2.2.1 came out. on my win xp i'installed R 2.2.0. along the
time i've installed a lot of contributed packages. my internet-connection is
not very fast.
so my question: is it possible after installing R 2.2.1 to do copy/paste the
contributed packages from the C:\Programme\R221 to the C:\Programme\R2.2.1-
location in the files system?
or have i to download and install the packages new?
##
# Functions to (1) save names of installed package from an R
installation to#
# a file and (2) install the same packages on a new R
installation. #
##
# HOW TO MOVE PACKAGES FROM ONE R INSTALLATION TO
ANOTHER: #
# Put this file in your R working directory. Source it. Run
SaveMyPackages() #
# under the old installation. Save your workspace and exit. Open the
new #
# installation on the same directory. Run InstallMyPackages(). The
packages #
# will be installed. You may now rm(SaveMyPackages,InstallMyPackages)
if you #
# like. Also, you may delete the file pkg.list in the working
directory. #
##
# M. H. Prager
[EMAIL PROTECTED]#
# with much from posted code of U. Ligges, H. Nilsson, B. Ripley
#
# December,
2005#
##
SaveMyPackages - function(filename = pkg.list, savepkg = TRUE)
{ # Saves a character vector with names of non-default
# packages installed. Writes it to a dput ASCII file.
# --- Run this from old installation. ---
# Arguments:
# filename --Character, name of file to write.
# savepkg -- Logical, if TRUE save the file; if not, return
#the vector of package names instead.
foo - installed.packages()
foo - as.vector(foo[is.na(foo[, Priority]), 1])
if (savepkg) dput(foo, file = filename) else return(foo)
}
InstallMyPackages - function(x = dget(file = filename), filename =
pkg.list,
install = TRUE)
{ # Install or print list of packages .
# --- Run this from new installation. ---
# Arguments:
# x-- character, contains names of packages to
install; default is
# vector read from argument filename.
# filename-- character, name of file containing vector (in
dput format);
# default is pkg.list as in SaveMyPackages.
# install-- logical, should actual installation be done? If
not,
# the vector of package names in x is returned instead
# of being installed.
if (install) install.packages(x) else return(x)
}
##
__
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Re: [R] System Reliability Metrics
On Dec 21, 2005, at 11:02 AM, Jon Stearley wrote: I need to calculate some metrics such as Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), etc (see http://www.cs.sandia.gov/~jrstear/ras for a more complete list). I have observations like start endstate 1 2005-11-11 09:05:00 2005-11-11 12:20:00 Scheduled Downtime 2 2005-11-12 13:42:00 2005-11-12 14:45:00 Unscheduled Downtime where each row describes the system state between start and end times. Time between observations indicates a Production state. The metrics of interest involve simple ratios of total time spent in various states, number of transitions, etc. I'd like to plot period MTBF values (eg monthly vertical bars), as well as a cumulative MTBF (eg a line whose last value indicates MTBF for the entire time range), etc. What is the best approach in R towards these results? I have found that the zoo package fills most of my needs. Thanks. -jon __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
