Re: Sundial Information

[Richard Langley]

And I think Frank might be having us on with the "owla"  
interpretation. More likely the owls around Hughes Hall descend from  
the college's crest/shield:
<http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Hall%2C_Cambridge?wasRedirected=true 
>.


-- Richard Langley

Sent from my iPod Touch


On 2010-11-19, at 1:06 PM, Frank King  wrote:


Dear John,


I'm asking you guys if you have seen any
relationship between owls and sundials.


I once tried very hard to establish such a
relationship but my best intentions were
not appreciated...

I had a client and I wanted to symbolise
sunrise and sunset on the proposed sundial.

I offered a really beautiful cock for sunrise
and an even more beautiful owl for sunset.

The client's comment was brief: too fussy.

So there was another good idea that failed
to see the light of day :-(

Actually there is a College in Cambridge,
Hughes Hall, which has a modern down-market
sundial and I am pretty sure there is an owl
on it.  That's because Hughes Hall in Latin
is Aula de Hughes and Aula sounds almost
like Owl and they have owls all over the
place in consequence.

OK, I'm just the messenger!

Very best wishes

Frank

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Re: upside down world

[Richard Langley]

The Catholic Encyclopedia has an interesting article on church  
orientation, including a mention of St. Peter's: .

-- Richard

On 19-Feb-11, at 11:47 AM, Frank King wrote:


Dear Jackie,

That is an interesting observation...


... I moved from London to Brighton...
In London it seemed usual to say it's on
the left of the street, but here on the
coast, far more people say it's on the
east side.


Next time I am in Brighton I shall test the
natives.

The natives here in Cambridge would almost all
fail.  When making arrangements to meet someone
I used to give instructions of the form "I'll
meet you at the WEST door of a certain church."
This never worked and I eventually gave up when
even the Vicar went to the wrong door.

The church in question is properly orientated
with the west end very closely aligned with
due west so there is no excuse!

It has always intrigued me that S. Peter's,
Rome (which is arguably quite an important
church!) is almost exactly 180 degrees wrong
with the "west front" facing east!  Take a
look via Google Earth or Google Maps.

That wouldn't matter too much, but the obelisk
in S. Peter's Square is used as a noon mark.

The relevant markings are set out in the pavement
on the north side of the obelisk (as expected)
but when standing on the "west front" of the
church looking out across the square, the noon
shadow is to the left not to the right.

I am not sure I would be able to find the right
door there!

Frank

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-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail:  
l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/ 
 |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506  
453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506  
453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B  
5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http:// 
www.fredericton.ca/   |

-

---
https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial

Re: bad sundials

[Richard Langley]

Included in the "bad sundials" list should be sundials, which were  
properly constructed for the location but improperly installed or  
improperly re-installed after cleaning or refurbishment. I happened to  
notice one I think falls in the latter category on the way to the  
terminal at Heathrow Airport last week. When the "Hoppa" bus stopped  
at the Renaissance Hotel off Bath Road (on the airport or south side),  
looking out the bus window, I noticed their sundial in the small  
garden in front of the main entrance. This is an equatorial dial. The  
gnomon does not point to the NCP. It points to the south and looks  
like the whole sundial needs to be rotated 180 degrees about the  
vertical. I didn't have time to get out and look at it more closely  
but I suspect there are four symmetrical mounting bolts and the  
sundial installer just plunked it down in the first orientation that  
fitted the bolts. Or some such mounting problem. The picture on their  
website seems to have the correct orientation judging by the direction  
of the shadow of the whole sundial.

http://www.marriott.co.uk/hotels/photo-tours.mi?marshaCode=lhrbr&pageID=HWHOM&imageID=2
Has anyone else noticed this "bad sundial"? Or reported it to the  
hotel? Pictures taken from inside the bus available on request.
-- Richard  


-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail:  
l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/ 
 |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506  
453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506  
453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B  
5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http:// 
www.fredericton.ca/   |

-

---
https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial

Re: How to force spreadsheet to create printable graph with same scale in X and Y?

[Richard Langley]

Hi Steve:
It's one of the reasons why I prefer to use gnuplot, rather than  
Excel, for some plotting tasks. Gnuplot is dead easy to use and comes  
in different flavours for different operating systems:

http://www.gnuplot.info/
-- Richard

On 21-Jun-11, at 8:29 PM, Steve Lelievre wrote:


Hi,

I sometimes use a spreadsheet to calculate a series of X,Y points,  
and then use these points to create a scattergram chart. My problem  
is that whenever I do this, the chart appears on the screen as a  
rectangle. The X and Y dimensions aren't to the same scale. I have  
to set the gridline intervals to be the same for X and Y and then  
adjust the chart so that the shape looks OK on screen.


My problem is that even if the chart grid appears to be in good  
proportion on the screen, it's only as good as my eyes. What I  
really want is to print an accurate diagram that I can use as an  
experimental dial. In short, I want the printed chart to be on a  
square grid that is really square.


Can anyone explain to me how to force the spreadsheet software to  
use absolute distances for a printed chart's axes? Alternatively, a  
way to force equal gridline spacing would be equally as helpful.


I use both OpenOffice and Excel - an answer for either one will be  
much appreciated.


Cheers,
Steve




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-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail:  
l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/ 
 |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506  
453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506  
453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B  
5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http:// 
www.fredericton.ca/   |

-

---
https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial

Re: Re to Re: D.S.T.

[Richard Langley]

On Thu, 31 Dec 1998, Philip P. Pappas, II wrote:
>P.S.  While landing in Dallas, I saw a huge horizontal sundial with a bright
>red gnomon right near the south end of the center runway.  Has anybody else
>seen this out of their window?  It was in the middle of a field and
>obviously was intended to be seen by airplane passengers.  Cool idea.

Is it really a sundial or just a VOR navigation installation?

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Latitude/Longitude

[Richard Langley]

There's a difference between astronomical latitude and longitude and geodetic
latitude and longitude.  Prof. Charles Merry at the University of Cape Town
should be able to help you out with the specifics of geodetic datums used in
South Africa: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Wed, 13 Jan 1999, Anton Reynecke wrote:

>Apologies for this non-sundial question, but I do hope someone can help.
>
>I've always been under the impression that Latitude/Longitude is a universal
>and unambigious method of indicating a position on the earth but now I am
>not so sure
>
>In South-Africa, the National survey system is based on a Gauss conform
>system with the Clarke 1880 (Modified) Ellipsoid.
>
>It is fundamentaly the same as the wordwide UTM system, with a slightly
>different scale factor, and the width of a system is only two degrees in
>longitude, one on either side of a central meridian, whereas  UTM covers six
>degrees.
>
>Now the National system is based on the the same projection but we are using
>the WGS 84 ellipsoid.
>
>That caused the Latitude of a fixed point to increase South by 2,04 arc
>seconds, and Longitude West by 1,06 arc seconds (approximately), and the
>projected co-ordinates changed by approx. 296 metres South and 27 metres
>West (Differences calculated by comparing coordinates from the old system
>with the new system, around Pretoria).
>
>I am under the impession that Lat/Long is astronomically fixed from distant
>objects, with the origin being the rotation axis of the earth, so how can
>the values be influenced by adopting a new ellipsoid ?
>
>What fundamentals am I missing?
>
>
>D. Anton Reynecke
>
>
>
>
>
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

"A Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO" - Updated

[Richard Langley]

I've recently updated my article "A Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the
RGO."  If interested, you can find a plain text version in MacRoman
character encoding (a few accented characters are used) at 
<http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.txt> and a slightly-html-ified
version at <http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html>.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Blue Moon

[Richard Langley]

The moon (and sun) can appear blue (or green) due to dust particles in the
atmosphere following large volcanic explosions.  Smoke from forest fires can
produce a similar effect.  Smoke from forest fires in Canada can reach Europe.
One such fire in September 1950 produced smoke that caused blue moons to be
seen in Europe.  Tony, how old are you?  Could this have been your event?
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation
P.S. Source of info: The Stars Belong to Everyone by Prof. Helen Sawyer Hogg
(a famous and much-loved Canadian astronomer (she passed away in 1993 at age
87).

On Sat, 30 Jan 1999, Tony Moss wrote:

>Fellow Shadow Watchers,
>
>As a child I remember running into the house to say that the full moon 
>looked blue in colour.  Everyone laughed although nobody went outside to 
>look for themselves.  As I recall this was confirmed as a rare occurrence 
>on the radio the following day much to my parents' surprise.  Ever since 
>then I've assumed that this was the origin of the saying 'once in a blue 
>moon'.
>
>On TV yesterday I heard that we are about to witness a 'blue moon', 
>explained as the rare occurrence of two full moons within one calendar 
>month - nothing to do with colour at all.
>
>Was my experience just a childhood fantasy?
>
>Tony Moss
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: GPS clock accuracy

[Richard Langley]

A word of caution here, though.  Some GPS receivers do not update their
displays on the second and so there might be a fraction of a second delay in
the displayed time.  GPS receivers with a 1 pps output provide a pulse on the
second with the timing accuracy mentioned below when the receiver is tracking
satellites.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Mon, 1 Feb 1999, Bob Haselby wrote:

>Fernando, Your GPS is probably as good as it gets as far as time
>accuracy is concerned. However your unit must be tracking or have been
>locked on recently. The internal clock does not have very good long
> term accuracy by itself. Actual time from the gps is accurate in the
>microsecond level. We use gps recievers to syncronize computer networks.
>
>Bob
>
>Fernando Cabral wrote:
>> 
>> Hello
>> 
>> >From time to time I set my watch based on the time given by my
>> Garmin G38. My watch seems quite good in the sense that after
>> several weeks of even months it is showing about the same
>> time the GPS is showing.
>> 
>> Nevertheless, I don't know how accurate my GPS is. Is there
>> a "standard" error or deviation or something like this? How precise
>> can I expect my GPS to be?
>> 
>> - fernando
>> 
>> PS - It does not seem I can tune to any reliable source of  time information
>> here in Bras?lia. Also, I've tried several different programs in my windows
>> environment to set my computer clock according to some of the
>> well-known atomic clocks in the Internet. Nevertheless, it does
>> not seem the software are good enough. I've found difference of up
>> to 25 seconds amongst them.
>> 
>> --
>> Fernando Cabral Padrao iX Sistemas Abertos
>> mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]  http://www.pix.com.br
>> mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>> Fone: +55 61 321-2433   Fax: +55 61 225-3082
>> 15? 45' 04.9" S 47? 49' 58.6" W
>> 19? 37' 57.0" S 45? 17' 13.6" W
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Terrestrial refraction

[Richard Langley]

For a good discussion of astronomical refraction, including horizontal
refraction, see Chapter 15 of Jean Meeus's Astronomical Algorithms.  He gives
as one reference a paper by Bennett: "The Calculation of Astronomical
Refraction in Marine Navigation" in the Journal of the (U.K.) Institute of
Navigation, Vol. 35, 1982, pp. 255-259.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Fri, 5 Feb 1999, Tom McHugh wrote:

>R.H. van Gent wrote: (and others as well have stated substantially the 
>same thing regarding dip)
>> 
>> The small angle between both horizons is known as the 'dip', and can be
>> approximated by the following relation found in almost any astronomical
>> or navigational handbook:
>> 
>>   dip (minutes of arc) = 0.97 sqrt(h[ft])
>> 
>> with 'h' denoting the height of the observer?s eye above sea level in
>> feet.
>
>I think, that for beginners on the list, to avoid confusion, it 
>would be well to state clearly that the above dip formula refers to
>the sea level as being one's local horizon of reference. and relates to
>one's
>vertical elevation of eyepoint above sea level. It must be pointed out
>that this formula will not be correct if one is on a horizontal plane
>at some considerable distance above sea level where the local horizon is
>also 
>well above sea level. Put another way, someone living in Denver or
>other high plateau regions would have to calculate dip based upon
>height above the local horizontal plane, not referred to sea level.
>I am of course, referring to that portion of dip which is related to
>atmospheric refraction. Naturally, the eye level position above the
>horizontal
>will be the same. 
>
>Even at "sea level" there would be differences in dip, as it has been
>determined that there are areas of the ocean's surface which are below
>mean sea level because of mass concentrations within the earth's crust
>or mantle.
>
>Tom McHugh 
>
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

British Millennium Time Stamp

[Richard Langley]

I don't think I saw mention on the sundial or navigation lists of one of the
Royal Mail's new millennium stamps.  The 20p stamp issued on 12 January is
called "Timekeeping" and was one of 4 stamps featuring British inventors and
inventions released that day (there will be 48 millennium stamps in all on
different themes). The stamp stylistically features Harrison's chronometer and
the Greenwich meridian line.  Image and description available at
<http://www.royalmail.co.uk/athome/stamps/jan.htm>.  The image resolution
isn't very good. Would anyone care to do a high resolution scan of the stamp
and make it available to list members?

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: GMT and UT

[Richard Langley]

Please have a look at
http://www.rnw.nl/realradio/information/html/time.html
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Wed, 24 Feb 1999, David Higgon wrote:

>Dear All,
>
>You'll have to forgive my ignorance, but what is the difference between GMT
>and UT?
>
>In practical terms, isn't 12:00 GMT the same time as 12:00 UT?  If so,
>what's the point of renaming something we've already got?
>
>David Higgon
>London
>British Empire!
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: GMT and UTC

[Richard Langley]

Some of the recent postings on GMT and UTC contain inaccuracies and
half-truths. It was to set the record straight that I wrote the article on GMT
and UTC in the first place.  It's enough to drive a professor to drink (feel
free to send some 18 yr. Macallan single malt!).  For those who haven't yet
had a chance to read my article:
1) UTC is not a French acronym. They used to use TUC as an acronym but they
now use UTC along with everyone else.  Before UTC, we had UT0, UT1, and UT2.
So it was obvious that Coordinated Universal Time should be UTC and not CUT.
2) When the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582, 10 days were dropped.
For a good on-line reference to calendar issues see Claus Tonderings's
"Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars":
<http://www.pip.dknet.dk/~pip10160/cal/calendar20.html>.
3) UT1 does not vary due to polar motion but only due to changes in the
earth's spin.  The effect of polar motion is, however, in UT0.
4) GMT, if U.K. standard time is meant (which is the usual case when the term
GMT is used these days), is EXACTLY the same as, and therefore equally as
accurate as, UTC. (Different timing labs around the world maintain different
versions of UTC and through clock comparisons, chiefly using GPS, a definitive
UTC is maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures).
5) Perhaps the use of GMT as a synonym for UT1 should be deprecated.
6) UTC is actually adjusted for leap seconds, not TAI.  A plot of UTC vs. TAI
over the years shows the leap second jumps.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Even Further Off topic: transit of Venus in about 1770

[Richard Langley]

And for a discussion of the transit of Venus, teaching astronomy, and love,
read Stephen Leacock's short story "The Transit of Venus." :-)

On Mon, 15 Mar 1999, Dave Bell wrote:

>On Tue, 16 Mar 1999, John Pickard wrote:
>
>> When I was a kid at school more years ago than I care to remember, I 
>> was taught that Lieutenant James Cook RN came out to Australia in 
>> 1770 (or was it 1772??) to have a look around, and also to observe 
>> the "transit of Venus" in Tahiti.
>> 
>> So my question (which I am sure will be answered) is simple: why
>> would anyone cross the road (let alone the world in a small sailing
>> ship) just to see a ToV? 
>> 
>> Thanks, John
>> Dr John Pickard
>> Senior Lecturer, Environmental Planning
>> Graduate School of the Environment
>> Macquarie University, NSW 2109 Australia
>
>John:
>
>  Your question intrigued me, as I had always just accepted the bare
>statement, and hadn't thought about *why*, at least that I can recall.
>
>  Certainly, one part of the question - "why travel so far?" is clear. The
>event, like a lunar eclipse, is not visible from all parts of the Earth.
>In fact, it is slightly more like a total solar eclipse, in that one's
>position on the Earth affects the view, by parallax.
>
>  The big question though, is "Why did they care?". Seems the project was
>basically to determine the radius of the Earth's orbit, still undetermined
>in the late 18th century.
>
>  Check out:
>
>http://www.dsellers.demon.co.uk/index.htm
>
>Dave
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: GPS & war

[Richard Langley]

No difference.  See <http://www.op.dlr.de/~igex98op/monitor/monitor.htm>
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Fri, 26 Mar 1999, Tom Mchugh wrote:

>Dear All,
>
>Last year there was some discussion on the List concerning
>possible changes of accuracy of GPS at the time U. S. was
>staging air attacks in Africa & Afghanistan, but as I recall,
>there was no difinitive opinion on that matter. In light of the
>current U. S. war in Jugoslavia, can anyone confirm any
>differences in GPS accuracy?
>
>
>Tom McHugh
>
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>R. R. 1, Box 896
>Fort Fairfield, ME 04742
>USA
>
>46? 45' 13"
>67? 48' 42"
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: The Marvelous Sundial of Dr. April Furst

[Richard Langley]

Think about it. What is today's date?

On Thu, 1 Apr 1999, Jim Tallman wrote:

>This "sundial contraption" has got to be the most ridiculous concept I have
>read about lately.  But then again, I might be missing something...if an
>accurate watch is a principle requirement of using a sundial, then what is
>the point?  You don't even get the chance to see the "walking shadow"...I
>am not at all surprised that she might have been associated with other
>questionable products.  That article was a joke, right?   Jim Tallman, FX
>Studios.

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: bad people on the list

[Richard Langley]

Is this really from Fernando?  Doesn't sound like it.  Note that the posting
did not origniate from his usual e-mail address but from Hot Mail.  Do we have
a Fernando imposter?
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Sat, 17 Apr 1999, Fernando Cabral wrote:

>Hello to All.
>
>  I hate to start something, but I think that Jim Morrison is a fraud. 
>I have check his equations for EOT, and I believe that he just made 
>them up. Here in Brasilia, we have a saying to translate which means, 
>"even a stupid man may be considered wise if he keeps his mouth shut".
>If you don't know something Jim, than be graceful enough to ask for 
>help for someone who does. But please don't make up non-factuous 
>nonsense. I know that Jim is not a true dialist, that his interests 
>are elsewhere, and maybe he is just jealous of the rest of us. I hope 
>I have not to offend anyone, I'm just helping to keep everyone aware 
>of the facts.
>
>  Fernando
>
>___
>Get Free Email and Do More On The Web. Visit http://www.msn.com
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: update on Schmoyer sundial

[Richard Langley]

Perhaps there are some members from the Quebec Sundial Society (La
Commission des Cadrans solaires du Quebec) on the list. If not, I could put
you in touch with the society.  Perhaps they would be willing to help.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Mon, 10 May 1999 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

>My dear dialist friends,
>
>I beg your indulgence for this long post but I believe that it
>regards a matter of some importance to all of us.
>
>Many of you are familiar with the Sunquest sundial which is shown
>in Waugh's book. This beautiful dial was once available in kit form, 
>as a set of cast aluminum parts, directly from it's creator, Richard 
>L. Schmoyer. After Mr. Schmoyer passed away in May of 1997, his 
>daughter, Laurel Browning, undertook to make the sundial available 
>again as a tribute to her father. 
>
>Laurel wanted to find someone who could produce her father's dial for 
>sale in a finished form. Toward this goal, she made contact with Harris 
>Morrison of Morrison Associates in Montreal, Canada. Morrison Associates 
>manufactures a familiar line of small, "wearable" sundials. In December 
>of 1997, Laurel entered into an agreement with Morrison providing him use 
>of the complete pattern set for the Sunquest dial for as long as six months
>in which time he would undertake trial production of the sundial. In June 
>of 1998, Laurel asked for the return of the pattern set. The pattern set 
>was returned to her without the patterns for the base cores and for the 
>gnomon. When she asked Morrison about the missing patterns, she was told 
>that they had been misplaced. 
>
>Laurel went to the pattern makers who had made the original patterns 
>for her father to find out how much it would cost to make a replacement 
>for the gnomon pattern. In November of 1998, she sent Morrison a bill
>for the cost of making new patterns, in accordance with the terms of her
>agreement with him. To date, he has not honored this reasonable request 
>to fund the replacement of lost patterns.
>
>For the sake of brevity, I have left out many details including my own 
>involvement in this story. I have related events as accurately as I can 
>without any prejudice toward Harris Morrison. Since making contact with
>Laurel late in 1997, my role has been to wait in the wings and provide 
>any assistance I could to help her see this project through to its fruition.
>Because Laurel is a very busy person, running a farm with her husband Gary 
>and operating her own tax preparation business, I took an active role in 
>trying to help her recover the missing patterns beginning in January of 
>this year. Although I have never spoken with him, I have written to
>Morrison personally and have used the services of an attorney to try to
>urge him to honor his liability to Laurel Browning for the return or
>replacement of the missing patterns. He initially responded by finding and
>returning the patterns for the cores of the sundial's base but the crucial
>and complicated gnomon pattern is still missing from the pattern set.
>
>At this point in time, Morrison is totally unresponsive. He does not reply
>to correspondence and does not return telephone calls which Laurel has made 
>to him. I am aware that he suffers from a disabling illness but I cannot 
>guess at his intentions. Laurel is exasperated and I am not able to do much
>more to help. Living in Oregon, I am a long distance from Laurel's home 
>state of Maryland and do not have the time or the resources to fly to
>Canada to try to meet with Morrison or search for the missing pattern
>myself. It is 
>my hope that one of you on this mailing list is familiar with Mr. Morrison
>or might live in or near Montreal and could help with the recovery of the
>gnomon pattern. If any members of this estimable group can offer assistance
>or advice, please reply to me in open forum or privately. 
>
>Sincerely,
>David R. Gagnon
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: update on Schmoyer sundial

[Richard Langley]

I'm not a member but here's the contact info:

Dr. Andre Bouchard, Secretaire General
La Commission des Cadrans solaires du Quebec
42, av. de la Brunante
Outremont (Montreal)
Quebec  H3T 1R4
Canada

tel: 514-341-3997
fax: 514-341-3997
e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]


On Tue, 11 May 1999 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

>Dear Prof. Langley
>
>At 12:09 PM 5/10/99 -0700, you wrote:
>>Perhaps there are some members from the Quebec Sundial Society (La
>>Commission des Cadrans solaires du Quebec) on the list. If not, I could put
>>you in touch with the society.  Perhaps they would be willing to help.
>
>Thank you - that is an excellent suggestion!
>I checked the home page of the society (French only) and could not find 
>a link to contact the society. Please do give me a contact with them.
>If it is possible for you (as a member?) to lay a bit of groundwork for
>me, I would greatly appreciate it.
>
>Dave Gagnon
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Urgent request.

[Richard Langley]

Ecclesiastes. Chapter 3. Verse 11.  The online versions I checked did not
capilalise "his."

On Mon, 17 May 1999, Tony Moss wrote:

>Fellow Shadow Watchers,
>This is 100% on topic and somewhat urgent for me. 
> The large bronze dial plate which I am about to engrave must bear the 
>biblical inscription 
>
>"He hath made every thing beautiful in his time" 
>
>Can anyone give me 'chapter & verse' for this please as I must be certain 
>that I have it absolutely per the King James' version as erasers don't 
>work on bronze :-)  In particular does 'his' have a capital letter?
>
>Before now I've made a mistake in the workshop and found myself mentally 
>reaching for 'undo'.
>
>If only it were possible!
>
>Many thanks in advance.
>
>Tony Moss
>
>
>   
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: I need help....

[Richard Langley]

On Sun, 6 Jun 1999, fer j. de vries wrote:

>William P Thayer wrote:
>> 
>> Rule out Strasbourg.
>> 
>> I lived in Strasbourg for a year and know the cathedral well. The 15c clock
>> in the cathedral is not a sundial... It's an astronomical *clock*.
>> 
>> It's conceivable, mind you, that it might include a small detail that is a
>> sundial, sort of for comparison purposes. If so, it cannot be a working
>> dial. The clock is indoors, occupying pretty much the entire east wall of
>> the south transept, which is lit only dimly and indirectly by stained-glass
>> windows: very attractive but not conducive to gnomonics. (Liturgical east
>> and south, that's geographical north-east and south-east.)
>> 
>> Bill Thayer
>>LacusCurtius
>> http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Roman
>
>Bill,
>
>Indeed, inside is an astrononical clock, but on the outside of the
>cathedral there are sundials and one of them is meant by Rohr.
>
>Best, Fer.

In fact, there are 6 sundials according to the Cadrans Solaires Francais
Catalogues.

>-- 
>Fer J. de Vries
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>http://www.iaehv.nl/users/ferdv/
>lat. 51:30 Nlong. 5:30 E

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: A couple of items on the web concerning the sun

[Richard Langley]

On Tue, 22 Jun 1999, Jim_Cobb wrote:

>http://www.foxnews.com/js_index.sml?content=/etcetera/wires/0622/e_rt_0622_2.sml
>
>World's Largest Sundial - But No Sun
>Reuters 8:36 a.m. ET (1237 GMT) June 22, 1999
>PARIS - France inaugurated the world's largest sundial Monday, using
>an ancient Egyptian obelisk as the pin and Paris's famed Place de la
>Concorde as the dial.
>
>The trouble was that the relentless traffic made it hard to follow the
>time lines, the same traffic made Paris Mayor Jean Tiberi 45 minutes
>late for the unveiling ceremony - and the sun did not shine.

I don't think this is a completely new sundial.  I think they've just given
the old one that used to be there a facelift.  Perhaps one of our French
members could give us a bit of background on the old and "new" dials. There's
very little about the old dial in the Cadrans Solaires Francais Catalogues.

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Heliograph

[Richard Langley]

And, as a geodesist, it would be remiss of me not to point out that the
heliograph was preceded by the heliotrope, a device to make survey stations
more visible from long distances, invented by the father of modern geodesy,
Carl Friedrich Gauss, in the early 1800s.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Wed, 23 Jun 1999, Peter Mayer wrote:

>Fernando Cabral wrote:
>
>>As far as I know, what you call "heliograph" we just call
>>"mirror". Nevertheless, there can be other names and usages
>>if you check with the different armed forces and other people
>>with survival training.
>>
>>As to me, the only name I know is really "mirror", even for
>>those especially-made mirrors with a small hole in the centre
>>(to be used to collimate the light ray).
>>
>>Again, since you can clearly use such a device to send
>>Morse code you can say you "write"  with the sunlight,
>>than calling it "heliograph" should  not be unacceptable.
>
>   I'm attaching a tiny JPEG illustration, taken from an ancient
>dictionary, which accompanies the definition of 'heliograph'.  The
>instrument definitely has a mirror! But as you'll see, it also incorporates
>a telegraph key and a sighting vane.  My recollection is that they were
>used by military forces in the 19th century in places like India.  (I have
>a half-baked recollection that Kipling refers to one in a poem...?Is that a
>source?!)
>
>   cheers,
>
>   Peter
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: heliograph

[Richard Langley]

On Wed, 23 Jun 1999, Frank Evans wrote:

>Maybe somebody can remember more of Kipling's poem referred to earlier
>than I can.  Or even the title.  It was about India, I'm fairly sure.
>Part went something like:
>
>Are you there, are you there, are you there?
>Three sides of a ninety mile square,
>With a helio winking like fun in the sun,
>Are you there, are you there, are you there?

Here it is.  It's a bit more dialectal than you remember! ;-)


Chant-Pagan
by Rudyard Kipling

ENGLISH IRREGULAR, DISCHARGED


Me that 'ave been what I've been --
  Me that 'ave gone where I've gone --
Me that 'ave seen what I've seen --
  'Ow can I ever take on
With awful old England again,
An' 'ouses both sides of the street,
And 'edges two sides of the lane,
And the parson an' gentry between,
An' touchin' my 'at when we meet --
  Me that 'ave been what I've been?

Me that 'ave watched 'arf a world
'Eave up all shiny with dew,
Kopje on kop to the sun,
An' as soon as the mist let 'em through
Our 'elios winkin' like fun --
Three sides of a ninety-mile square,
Over valleys as big as a shire --
"Are ye there? Are ye there? Are ye there?"
An' then the blind drum of our fire . . .
An' I'm rollin' 'is lawns for the Squire,
Me!

Me htat 'ave rode through the dark
Forty mile, often, on end,
Along the Ma'ollisberg Range,
With only the stars for my mark
An' only the night for my friend,
An' things runnin' off as you pass,
An' things jumpin' up in the grass,
An' the silence, the shine an' the size
Of the 'igh, unexpressible skies --
I am takin' some letters almost
As much as a mile to the post,
An' "mind you come back with the change!"
Me!

Me that saw Barberton took
When we dropped through the clouds on their 'ead,
An' they 'ove the guns over and fled --
Me that was through Di'mond I'll,
An' Pieters an' Springs an' Belfast --
>From Dundee to Vereeniging all --
Me that stuck out to the last
(An' five bloomin' bars on my chest) --
I am doin' my Sunday-school best,
By the 'elp of the Squire an' 'is wife
(Not to mention the 'ousemaid an' cook),
To come in an' 'ands up an' be still,
An' honestly work for my bread,
My livin' in that state of life
To which it shall please God to call
Me!

Me that 'ave followed my trade
In the place where the Lightnin's are made;
"Twixt the Rains and the Sun and the Moon --
Me that lay down an' got up
Three years with the sky for my roof --
That 'ave ridden my 'unger an' thirst
Six thousand raw mile on the hoof,
With the Vaal and the Orange for cup,
An' the Brandwater Basin for dish, --
Oh! it's 'ard to be'ave as they wish
(Too 'ard, an' a little too soon),
I'll 'ave to think over it first --
Me!

I will arise an' get 'ence --
I will trek South and make sure
If it's only my fancy or not
That the sunshine of England is pale,
And the breezes of England are stale,
An' there's something' gone small with the lot.
For I know of a sun an' a wind,
An' some plains and a mountain be'ind,
An' some graves by a barb-wire fence,
An' a Dutchman I've fought 'oo might give
Me a job where I ever inclined
To look in an' offsaddle an' live
Where there's neither a road nor a tree --
But only my Maker an' me,
An I think it will kill me or cure,
So I think I will go there an' see.


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Another Kipling Heliograph Poem

[Richard Langley]

(This one's not so vernacular.)

A Code of Morals
by Rudyard Kipling

 Lest you should think this story true
 I merely mention I
 Evolved it lately. 'Tis a most
 Unmitigated misstatement.

Now Jones had left his new-wed bride to keep his house in order,
And hied away to the Hurrum Hills above the Afghan border,
To sit on a rock with a heliograph; but ere he left he taught
His wife the working of the Code that sets the miles at naught.

And Love had made him very sage, as Nature made her fair;
So Cupid and Apollo linked , per heliograph, the pair.
At dawn, across the Hurrum Hills, he flashed her counsel wise --
At e'en, the dying sunset bore her busband's homilies.

He warned her 'gainst seductive youths in scarlet clad and gold,
As much as 'gainst the blandishments paternal of the old;
But kept his gravest warnings for (hereby the ditty hangs)
That snowy-haired Lothario, Lieutenant-General Bangs.

'Twas General Bangs, with Aide and Staff, who tittupped on the way,
When they beheld a heliograph tempestuously at play.
They thought of Border risings, and of stations sacked and burnt --
So stopped to take the message down -- and this is whay they learnt --

"Dash dot dot, dot, dot dash, dot dash dot" twice. The General swore.
"Was ever General Officer addressed as 'dear' before?
"'My Love,' i' faith! 'My Duck,' Gadzooks! 'My darling popsy-wop!'
"Spirit of great Lord Wolseley, who is on that mountaintop?"

The artless Aide-de-camp was mute; the gilded Staff were still,
As, dumb with pent-up mirth, they booked that message from the hill;
For clear as summer lightning-flare, the husband's warning ran: --
"Don't dance or ride with General Bangs -- a most immoral man."

[At dawn, across the Hurrum Hills, he flashed her counsel wise --
But, howsoever Love be blind, the world at large hath eyes.]
With damnatory dot and dash he heliographed his wife
Some interesting details of the General's private life.

The artless Aide-de-camp was mute, the shining Staff were still,
And red and ever redder grew the General's shaven gill.
And this is what he said at last (his feelings matter not): --
"I think we've tapped a private line. Hi! Threes about there! Trot!"

All honour unto Bangs, for ne'er did Jones thereafter know
By word or act official who read off that helio.
But the tale is on the Frontier, and from Michni to Mooltan
They know the worthy General as "that most immoral man."

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Interior Architectural Sundails

[Richard Langley]

The Paris Observatory has a sundial, actually I think it's just a noon marker,
on its top floor.  And it's laid out on the floor rather than the ceiling.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Mon, 2 Aug 1999, Abbie Lewis wrote:

>My message is for anyone who has heard of, or knows about, an interior
>sundial that is built or painted into a ceiling (dome) of a building
>(perhaps somewhere in Europe) where the sun shines down through a window(s),
>possibly onto a pendant, where a shadow lands on the correct time element.
>
>Any information would be most helpful and appreciated.
>
>Thank you.
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Book by Mueller

[Richard Langley]

Are you thinking of Spherical and Practical Astronomy as Applied to Geodesy by
Ivan Mueller (Ungar, ISBN 0-8044-4667-9)
or
Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, ISBN 0-943396-35-2)?

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Wed, 4 Aug 1999, Anton Reynecke wrote:

>Good morning!
>
>I need some help with finding a (well-known, I'm sure) book by Mueller.
>The title is something like Fundamental astronomical algorithms.
>
>I probably have the title wrong, but it should be recognizable, as it has
>been mentioned on this list before, but I can't remember by whom.
>
>I tried a search at Amazom.com, with no luck.
>
>I would appreciate some more info, maybe the ISBN number please!
>
>
>Regards across the planet
>D.Anton Reynecke
>
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: GPS

[Richard Langley]

I wrote an in depth article on the roll-over for GPS World.  It's on their Web
site: http://www.gpsworld.com
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Mon, 16 Aug 1999, Keith E. Brandt, M.D. wrote:

>Frank,
>Check out http://www.space.com/news/gps_rollover.html for a newspaper-style 
>story on the GPS rollover, due to occur 22 Aug 99.
>
>Keith
>
>At 13:11 8/16/99 , you wrote:
>>My wife half-heard a piece on the radio this morning saying that GPS
>>instruments would fail next week unless they had previously been
>>modified to take account of some transmission changes.  They would
>>simply be unable to find a position.  Sound a bit like the millennium
>>bug.  Does anyone have any information about this, please?  Users were
>>advised to contact their suppliers.  I'm feeling lost already so can you
>>help?
>>
>>Frank
>>--
>>Frank Evans
>
>=
>Keith E. Brandt, MD, WD9GET || Goodbye, cruel world that was my home-
>  Resident in Aerospace Medicine ||there's cleaner space out here to roam.
>San Antonio, TX || Put my feet up on the moons of Mars-
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]||sit back, relax, and count the stars.
>http://www.dca.net/~brandt  ||
>=
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: The end (?) of DST... (and UTC leap seconds)

[Richard Langley]

Not that it will affect sundials in the short term, but discussions are 
underway to abolish or modify the procedure of adding leap seconds to UTC
every year or two.  See the November issue of GPS World for details.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Wed, 3 Nov 1999, Jeff Adkins wrote:

>I think that dialists hate DST because it is an "inelegant" or clumsy solution 
>to
>the problem of reconciling fixed clock time to the variable sunrise time in
>middle latitudes.
>
>I don't know of a better solution; perhaps the listserv readers have a creatie
>suggestion.
>
>On a related point, consider this:
>
>What about going back to simple solar time?  With today's digital technology
>clocks could be made "retro" so as to display sundial time as a function of 
>date,
>as opposed to making sundials try to display "clock" time!
>
>Something to think about.
>
>Jeff Adkins
>
>John Carmichael wrote:
>
>> Psyko Kid wrote:
>>
>> >I know that most dialists hate daylight savings time (for what reason I'm
>> >still not sure)  Anyway I thought I'd rub salt in your wounds by telling you
>> >that I am probably the only person on the planet who has decided to stick
>> >with daylight savings time.  I have a flexible employer, and I enjoy having 
>> >a
>> >bit of daylight when I get home for bike riding or whatever.
>> >(Please send any hate mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED])
>>
>> Dear Mr. Kid:
>>
>> If your employer is so "flexible", then ask him to let you go to work and
>> come home one hour earlier, then help us get rid of Daylight Saving Time!
>>
>> Happily Standardized in Arizona,
>>
>> John Carmichael
>
>--
>=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>Jeff Adkins
>Location: 38.00 N, 121.81 W
>CA, USA, Earth, Sol III
>
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Dollars and sense!

[Richard Langley]

I believe there is no commission charge to the recipient of a Pound Sterling
Money Order. The charge to the purchaser is typically a few dollars but
depends on one's bank plan or whether one purchases a money order at the post
office.  Bank drafts typically cost the purchaser a dollar or two more than a
money order.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Sat, 4 Dec 1999, Tony Moss wrote:

>Fellow Shadow Watchers,
>   Just at the moment a fair amount of my brassware 
>seems to be heading for the USA and this always presents the problem of 
>payment in another currency and the disproportionate amount of commission 
>charged by the *licenced robbers* - sorry - 'banks' when handling small 
>amounts.
>
>My preferred  solution is for a bank draft in 'Pounds Sterling' and I 
>remember being told that there are agencies who can handle this by post 
>at reasonable rates.  If anyone can recommend a US agency to handle such 
>things, or a better method, I'd be pleased to pass on the good news.
>
>Best Wishes
>
>Tony Moss
>
>P.S.  I've looked at credit card trading but this doesn't work for 
>smallish irregular transactions.  It would be ideal otherwise.
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Arrows of Time

[Richard Langley]

The Royal Institution Christmas Lectures this year are on time.  They are
being broadcast on BBC television and the BBC have put up summaries of the
lectures along with a lot of background information on their Web site.  Even
though primarily intended for a younger audience, the pages are worth a look.
Even an item on sundials.  The main page is
.

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

And Another BBC Item: Greenwich Electronic Time!

[Richard Langley]

See 

for a news item on Greenwich Electronic Time to be launch on New Year's Day.

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: A Comment and a Question

[Richard Langley]

On Wed, 12 Apr 2000, Robert Terwilliger wrote:

>Hi All,
>
>Comment: I think the problem with rotating or skewing text in graphics
>files could be solved if the text character entities could be converted
>into the vector lines and curves which make them up. I don't think this
>is easy to do with True Type fonts.
>
>Question: Is there a source, or value, for the exact inclination of the
>earth's axis? I understand it is decreasing slightly. The last value I
>used was 23.4385 degrees. I cannot remember where I got it.

The obliquity of the ecliptic at J2000.0 is 23.4393 degrees (or, to more
precision, 84381.412 arc seconds with an uncertainty of 5 milli-arc seconds).
This is the value associated with the JPL DE403/LE403 planetary and lunar
ephemerides.  There is a variation in the obliquity due to the nutation of the
earth's rotation axis.  And also longer term variations due to the
purturbation of the earth's orbit by the other members of the solar system.

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Sundial Article in Weatherwise Magazine

[Richard Langley]

The July/August 2000 issue of Weatherwise, a popular-level magazine about the
weather available on North American magazine racks, features an article on
sundials ("Time is But a Shadow").  Includes photos of 12 sundials and
mentions the NASS and BSS Web sites.

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Marathon, GPS and sundials

[Richard Langley]

Yes, it is confirmed.  See 
<http://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/05/02/civil.gps.idg/index.html>
and
<http://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspacecom/gps_support/>.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Tue, 9 May 2000, Fernando Cabral wrote:

>Dear fellows in sundialling
>
>Here I am, back from Morroco after surviving the Sahara
>Desert and the most gruelling foot race available for
>mad people like myself (http://www.sandmarathon.com, http://www.aoicimbaly.com)
>
>The first thing I read after sitting in my desk was that
>the American government has relinquished the controlled availabity
>for the GPS system. Nevertheless, the source was not reliable
>and does not hint to the original source.
>
>Is this a confirmed news?
>
>Best regards
>
>- fernando
>
>
>--
>Fernando Cabral Padrao iX Sistemas Abertos
>mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]  http://www.pix.com.br
>Fone Direto: +55 61 329-0206mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>PABX: +55 61 329-0202   Fax: +55 61 326-3082
>15? 45' 04.9" S 47? 49' 58.6" W
>19? 37' 57.0" S 45? 17' 13.6" W
>
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: GPS Accuracy

[Richard Langley]

You have been given the wrong information.  Before SA was turned off, the
"official" accuracy was 100 metres (95%) but with 27-28 satellites, typically
accuracy under good conditions was 50-60 metres (95%).  Turning off SA
improved accuracy from 5 to 10 times, so at most to just under 10 metres
(95%) -- but not to 1 metre.  For such accuracies you still need differential
GPS. Most receivers can be programmed to display coordinates in decimal
degrees, degrees and minutes, or degrees, minutes, and seconds.  Grid
coordinates  (northings and eastings are also possible).  There's a wealth of
GPS info on the Web if you need further info.
-- Richard Langley

On Sat, 13 May 2000, Allan Pratt wrote:

>As most of you know, the US government has relaxed the restrictions on
>the GPS system. Supposedly the accuracy has improved from 10 meters to 1
>meter. My question is, do the actual GPS units in use permit this
>accuracy? At the equator, one degree is 111,308 meters in length.
>One-meter is thus .09 (9 millionths) of a degree. Even as far north
>as Miami FL, a meter is about .1 (1 one-hundred-thousanths) of a
>degree. At my location, a meter is .107 degrees. Do the GPS units
>read out to 5 or 6 decimal digits of accuracy?
>
>Al Pratt
>33 20 36 N
>111 54 14
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Azimuth calculation

[Richard Langley]

On Thu, 16 Nov 2000, Fernando Cabral wrote:

>Hello Friends
>
>It's been a long, long time since I last disturbed you with my novice
>questions.
>I was just acculating credits do be entitled to ask the following
>question
>that has more to do with navigation than any other thing:
>
>a) If I am using UTM coordenates, what is the easiest way to calculate
>the bearing from point A to point B in the chart;
>b) Same questions if  am using latitude and longitude
>
>When using UTM I have come accross a solution that works but I must
>confess I hate it because I don't think it is elegant and it takes a lot
>of
>time so I am sure there must be a better solution.
>
>For the UTM it is much simpler because I can always create a Pythagorean
>
>triangule whose sides are the difference of Northing and Easting of the
>points,
>so I have three sides and an angle. Now, if I make the origin point the
>origen
>of a Cartesian system I can find the Azimuth adding together the angle I
>found
>plus 0, 90, 180 or 270 if the destination point is on the first, second,
>third or
>fourth quadrant.
>
>I does work, but there must be a simpler way to do it.

Nothing realy wrong with your approach but if you use the ATAN2 Fortran
function (or the equivalent in other programming languages or the Cartesian to
polar coordinate function on many calculators), you can specify the sign of
delta x and delta y and the azimuth will then be automatically reported in the
correct quadrant. 

>If what I have are the geographic coordinates it takes me much more time
>
>with the spherical triangles and I am never sure I've done the right
>thing.
>
>I've read some books on celestial navigation and position astronomy. I
>can see
>the solution is there, but it does not seem I have the expertise to
>convert all those
>useful information in a simple formula for this specific calculation.
>
>And I feel very unhappy when I have to fill out a couple of pages with
>ugly
>calculations just to find out an azimuth I can easily find with a GPS or
>with
>a protactor and a map!

The use of plane trigonometry to find distances and angles is an important
feature of UTM.  But for highest accuracies one has to be careful about the
differences between geodetic and grid azimuth.  See my article in the February
1998 issue of GPS World magazine for more details.

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation


>Best regards
>
>- fernando
>
>
>
>
>
>--
>Fernando Cabral Padrao iX Sistemas Abertos
>mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]  http://www.pix.com.br
>Fone Direto: +55 61 329-0206mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>PABX: +55 61 329-0202   Fax: +55 61 326-3082
>15? 45' 04.9" S 47? 49' 58.6" W
>19? 37' 57.0" S 45? 17' 13.6" W
>
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Azimuth calculation

[Richard Langley]

The Earth has a flatenning of about 1 in 300.  So this is the rough size of
maximum distance errors you can expect by assuming the Earth to be a sphere
rather than an ellipsoid.  For example, the distance between Washington
D.C. and Los Angeles is 3,711 km (2,004 nautical miles) assuming the earth to
be a sphere with a radius of 6371 km but 3,719 km (2,008 nautical
miles) using the best fitting (WGS 84) ellipsoid.
-- Richard Langley

On Thu, 16 Nov 2000, Fernando Cabral wrote:

>Hello Richard
>
>Minutes after sending my previous message (should this always happen?) I found 
>a
>page on the Internet which seems to give me what I need.
>
>I have checked it with some coarse calculations. Since I don't have my GPS
>here with me, I can't compare the results I got with the GPS'.
>
>Nevertheless, they seemed right to me.
>
>Previously I had been using two formulae given by J. Meeus in his book
>"Astronomical Algorithm" (if my memory is of any avail), one of which
>he says is not very precise. They both have agreed very well with
>the results given by the GPS. With the less precise I have obtained
>results within 0,3% and with the more precise numbers are the same.
>
>Now, in this page by Fiona Vincent, it seems I found a still simpler
>way to calculate both distances and azimuth.
>
>Can you give me an idea on what magnitude of error should I expect from them
>(perhaps due to the Earth flattening)?
>
>Thank you.
>
>- fernando
>
>[Image]
>
>
>
>
>
>Richard Langley wrote:
>
>> On Thu, 16 Nov 2000, Fernando Cabral wrote:
>>
>> >Hello Friends
>> >
>> >It's been a long, long time since I last disturbed you with my novice
>> >questions.
>> >I was just acculating credits do be entitled to ask the following
>> >question
>> >that has more to do with navigation than any other thing:
>> >
>> >a) If I am using UTM coordenates, what is the easiest way to calculate
>> >the bearing from point A to point B in the chart;
>> >b) Same questions if  am using latitude and longitude
>> >
>> >When using UTM I have come accross a solution that works but I must
>> >confess I hate it because I don't think it is elegant and it takes a lot
>> >of
>> >time so I am sure there must be a better solution.
>> >
>> >For the UTM it is much simpler because I can always create a Pythagorean
>> >
>> >triangule whose sides are the difference of Northing and Easting of the
>> >points,
>> >so I have three sides and an angle. Now, if I make the origin point the
>> >origen
>> >of a Cartesian system I can find the Azimuth adding together the angle I
>> >found
>> >plus 0, 90, 180 or 270 if the destination point is on the first, second,
>> >third or
>> >fourth quadrant.
>> >
>> >I does work, but there must be a simpler way to do it.
>>
>> Nothing realy wrong with your approach but if you use the ATAN2 Fortran
>> function (or the equivalent in other programming languages or the Cartesian 
>> to
>> polar coordinate function on many calculators), you can specify the sign of
>> delta x and delta y and the azimuth will then be automatically reported in 
>> the
>> correct quadrant.
>>
>> >If what I have are the geographic coordinates it takes me much more time
>> >
>> >with the spherical triangles and I am never sure I've done the right
>> >thing.
>> >
>> >I've read some books on celestial navigation and position astronomy. I
>> >can see
>> >the solution is there, but it does not seem I have the expertise to
>> >convert all those
>> >useful information in a simple formula for this specific calculation.
>> >
>> >And I feel very unhappy when I have to fill out a couple of pages with
>> >ugly
>> >calculations just to find out an azimuth I can easily find with a GPS or
>> >with
>> >a protactor and a map!
>>
>> The use of plane trigonometry to find distances and angles is an important
>> feature of UTM.  But for highest accuracies one has to be careful about the
>> differences between geodetic and grid azimuth.  See my article in the 
>> February
>> 1998 issue of GPS World magazine for more details.
>>
>> -- Richard Langley
>>Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation
>>
>> >Best regards
>> >
>> >- fernando
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >--
>> >Fernando Cabral Padrao iX

Re: sunspots

[Richard Langley]

According to a NASA Web site:

The MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager) images shown here are taken in the
continuum near the NiI 6768 Angstroms line. The most prominent solar
features are the sunspots on the solar photosphere. This is very much
how the Sun looks like in the visible range of the spectrum (for example,
looking at it using special 'eclipse' glasses: Remember, do not ever
look directly at the Sun!). 

-- Richard Langley

On Wed, 3 Jan 2001, Gordon Uber wrote:

>John,
>
>I think that the SOHO images are updated at least once a day. The latest 
>sunspot image was taken at 10:16 UT today. The satellite is in a 
>zero-gravity region between the earth and the sun, so I would think that it 
>is always on our side of the sun, although I don't know for certain. The 
>sun's rotation period is a function of latitude, 25 days at the equator, 33 
>days at 75 degrees (Skilling and Richardson, 1947).
>
>SOHO images are at
>http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-update.html
>
>Gordon
>
>
>At 07:14 AM 1/3/01 -0700, you wrote:
>> >Hello all:
>>
>>I just looked at the SOHO solar satellite photos of the sunspots and noticed
>>that the spots were different from the ones I saw on Christmas morning.
>>Could it be that SOHO was on the opposite side of the sun when the picture
>>was taken? Or maybe the sun's rotation since Christmass brought the sun's
>>farside into view.
>>
>>If an earthboud observer wants to see both sides of the sun, how long will
>>he have to wait between observations until the sun rotates 180 degrees?
>>What is the rotation rate of the sun?
>>
>>John Carmichael
>>Tucson Arizona
>
>Gordon Uber   [EMAIL PROTECTED]  San Diego, California  USA
>Webmaster: Clocks and Time: http://www.ubr.com/clocks
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Time Zones

[Richard Langley]

The time zone boundaries in North America are quite irregular. Have a look at
<http://www.nrc.ca/inms/time/tze.html> for the current Canadian time zone
maps.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Tue, 27 Mar 2001, harriet wrote:

>Dear All,
>
>Can anyone clarify American and European time zones for me? I am trying
>to write instructions for setting up a dial which can be used in any
>location.
>
>The NASS dialist's companion gives the meridians for US time zones
>as: Atlantic 60? W
>   Eastern  75? W
>   Central  90?W
>   Mountain 105? W
>   Pacific 120?W
>
>Do all Americans adhere to these time zones, or are some like the French
>who
>like to be one hour ahead of GMT even though France lies within 7.5? of the
>Greenwich
>Meridian?
>
>If I set up a dial in say Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (longitude 80? W) which
>tells local solar time,
>ignoring corrections for the Equation of Time, am I correct in saying that
>it will run 20 minutes slow to Eastern Standard Time as it is 5? west of
>the Eastern time meridian?
>
>Do countries in Europe apart from France adhere to the 'correct' zone? 
>What about daylight saving in the US and Europe?
>
>Any help gratefully received.
>
>Harriet James  
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

RE: Astrolabe on coin

[Richard Langley]

See also:
<http://www.cnb.cz/en/_platidla/ceske_mince/20_koruny2000.htm>
-- Richard Langley

On Wed, 18 Apr 2001, Martha A. Villegas wrote:

>On the James E. Morrison site about astrolabes, there is a very nice picture
>of this coin
>
>http://www.astrolabes.org/links.htm
>
>Martha A. Villegas
>
>-Mensaje original-
>De: Thibaud Taudin-Chabot <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>Para: sundial@rrz.uni-koeln.de 
>Fecha: Martes, 17 de Abril de 2001 01:07 p.m.
>Asunto: Astrolabe on coin
>
>
>On the Chech coin of 20 Crowns is a picture of an astrolabe.
>Is this a copy of an existing one or is it a design made only for the coin?
>
>Thibaud Chabot
>
>-
>Thibaud Taudin-Chabot
>52?18'19.85" North  04?51'09.45" East
>home email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>(attachments max. 500kB; for larger attachments contact me first)
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Mosaic-2

[Richard Langley]

There is a largish picture of the mosaic on the Web:
here: <http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Plato.html>.
-- Richard Langley

On Thu, 11 Jul 2002, Gianni Ferrari wrote:

> Some notes
>The mosaic, called  also "Plato's Academy",   is , at present,   in the 
>National Archaeological Museum in Naples  (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di 
>Napoli) .
>
>A second copy, made around one century after, was   discovered in Sarsina 
>(Italy) in the XVIII century and it is nowin the Villa Albani,  in Rome.  
>
>The original   has gone lost.  
>
>Gianni Ferrari
>
>44? 39' N  10? 55' E
>Mailto : [EMAIL PROTECTED]

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 


-

Re: Quotation?

[Richard Langley]

On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, Patrick Powers wrote:

>Message text written by INTERNET:sundial@rrz.uni-koeln.de
>
>>"Amyddst ye flowres I tell ye houres
>Tyme wanes awaye as flowres decaye
>Beyond ye tombe fresh flowers bloome
>Soe man shall ryse aboe ye skyes"<
>
>Back yet again!  This has got me hooked!!   I have also found reference to
>this rhyme in 'Sundials and Roses of Yesterday'  by Alice M Earle 1902, p
>271-3.
>
>She confirms that the motto "was written by Rev Greville J Chester and it
>appears in his novel Aurelia as part of his description of the Bishop's
>(that's Bishop Redryngton's) garden"  Apparently this novel's description
>was so 'real' that others copied the motto thereafter.  It was for example
>engraved on the lower steps of a faceted dial at Linburn, Midlothian which
>was designed by Thomas Ross.
>
>Presumably we would need to establish the date of the novel 'Aurelia' in
>order to get to the date of the motto.  I don't have any knowledge of that
>though.

>From The British Library Public Catalogue:

Title:  Aurelia, or, the Close at Mixeter. Sketches in a cathedral city. 

Main heading:   CHESTER. Greville John 

Publication details:pp. 272. M. Ward & Co.: London, 1882. 8o. 

Shelfmark:  12643.f.14. 

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

-

Re: OS Map refs.

[Richard Langley]

The use of grid squares for the U.K. National Grid was introduced to reduce
the number of digits required to give a reference. E.g., for a place with full
National Grid coordinates 538857.2345 metres easting, and 177345.3456
metres northing (a position given to the nearest 0.1 millimetres -- pushing
the limits of even GPS technology), the grid square designation to the
nearest metre is TQ 3885777345. Grid squares are  really only helpful for low
precision references. See <http://www.gps.gov.uk/natgrid/introduction.asp> for
further explanation.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Tue, 10 Sep 2002, Ian Maddocks wrote:

>Hi Tony
>
>>Am I correct in thinking that:
>>OSX the 'Grid East Value' and
>>OSY the 'Grid North Value?   in this context?  O-)
>
>Yes - if you look on the OSGB map included in the BSS glassary
>http://www.sundialsoc.org.uk/glossary/ap11/ap11.htm
>the 0-700km eastings and 0-1300km northings are noted up the sides.
>
>I first found this form of grid reference used last year - at the end of the 
>Foot & Mouth crisis i downloaded a table of footpaths in the lake district 
>that were open , given as 12 figure references!
>for example those in NX grid square were 3EEEee5NNNnn.  ie what would 
>normally be NX EEENNN.   Yes with enough digits they were quoted to the 
>nearest meter!
>
>regards
>
>Ian Maddocks
>
>
>
>
>_
>Join the world?s largest e-mail service with MSN Hotmail. 
>http://www.hotmail.com
>
>-
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 



-

Re: Sundials and atomic clocks

[Richard Langley]

And, there is a long, "popular" level article on leap seconds and GPS
(prompted by the recent Motorola GPS receiver problem) in the 22 November
issue of New Scientist now on newsstands.
See also the article "GPS and Leap Seconds: Time to Change?" which appeared in
my Innovation column in GPS World in the November 1999 issue. A PDF file of
the article may be found here:
<http://iraf.noao.edu/~seaman/leap/GPS-Nov99_Innov.pdf>.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation
   and Contributing Editor, GPS World Magazine

On Mon, 1 Dec 2003, Woody Sullivan wrote:

>This article will be of interest to those of you interested in those
>weird leap seconds that sometimes get added to our clocks on New
>Year's Eve due to the unpredictable changes in the Earth's rotation.
>Ironically, amidst discussions of keeping time with the finest atomic
>clocks, one factor in the debate is whether or not anyone cares about
>(equally accurate) local solar time, as measured directly by a
>sundial.
>
>
>
>Leap Second Debate Heats Up  [from "Physics Today", Oct. 2003, p. 34]
>
>Keep leap seconds, and glitches in telecommunications, navigation by
>satellite, and legal marking of time could become more frequent and
>serious. Lose them, and astronomers will have trouble pointing their
>telescopes, and eventually the time of day will get out of sync with
>Earth's rotation.
>
>At the crux of a debate about whether to continue inserting leap
>seconds into Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the standard in many
>countries, is the unpredictability of Earth's rotation. Millennia-old
>eclipse data show that Earth has long been slowing down. Nowadays,
>Earth's rotation is measured by observing quasars with very long
>baseline radio interferometry. The deceleration is chiefly due to the
>tidal pull of the Moon; fluctuations on shorter time scales come
>from, among other things, the oceans and atmosphere and core-mantle
>interactions.
>
>
>
>A leap second every year or two has been the norm, though none has
>been added since 1999, and timekeepers predict that more leap seconds
>will be needed in the future. Without leap seconds, official time
>will diverge from solar time by an estimated two minutes by the end
>of this century; in 3000 years, the drift might be about eight hours.
>
>This month, a special rapporteur group (SRG) will submit its
>recommendations on the leap second to the International
>Telecommunication Union, where the matter will wend its way through
>various committees before a final decision is reached--a process that
>could take years. Says SRG chair Ron Beard, a physicist at the US
>Naval Research Laboratory, "The issue is: Is relating to the solar
>day of significance? And how does that weigh against the problems
>that come with introducing integral seconds?"
>
>Sundials are the only clocks that mark time directly from Earth's rotation.
>Before 1972, clocks were corrected with fractions of seconds and by
>adjusting the length of the second. Since then, leap seconds have
>been added to keep UTC within nine-tenths of a second of solar time
>and synchronized with international atomic time, but with an
>offset--currently 32 seconds. The atomic second is based on the
>frequency of a hyperfine transition in cesium.
>
>But with technology relying increasingly on the precision of atomic
>time, the leap second has come under scrutiny. Abolishing it would
>have political, economic, legal, religious, and safety implications.
>Says SRG secretary William Klepczynski, an astronomer and timekeeping
>consultant, "There are all sorts of little technical problems that
>you can see start to raise their heads in our society. Before they
>become big problems, we should have one time for everybody." For
>example, he says, bank recordings of interaction times run into
>trouble when computers can't distinctly label a leap second. When
>leap seconds were inserted in 1994 and 1997, he adds, the Russian
>global positioning system, GLONASS, went off the air for several
>hours. Mistakes in timekeeping could lead to flight accidents, says
>Felicitas Arias, who heads the time section of the Bureau
>International des Poids et Mesures near Paris. Leap seconds are "a
>nuisance, and they could be a danger," she adds.
>
>The SRG hasn't reached consensus, says Dennis McCarthy, director of
>time at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC. "But we came up
>with a draft recommendation that asks for the leap second to go away,
>arbitrarily in 2022--fifty years after its introduction." That should
>give astronomers and others time to cope with soft

Re: leap second insertion questions

[Richard Langley]

GPS, itself, doesn't really care when the leap seconds occur. It actually runs
on GPS (System) Time which, like International Atomic Time, is a continuous
time scale which doesn't have the discontinuities caused by leap seconds.
However, in the navigation message which the satellites transmit is the
relationship between GPS Time and UTC so that a receiver can always properly
compute and display UTC at any epoch.
-- Richard Langley

On Wed, 3 Dec 2003 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

>Thanks for the pointer to GPS-Nv99_Innov.PDF
>
>It was gratifying to learn that UTC and sundials
>always agree well, given the usual corrections
>between sundial time and UTC.
>
>I didn't quite understand the advantage of periodic
>insertion of leap seconds vs aperiodic for the
>correction of the ~2msec per day increase in period
>of the earth's rotation.  Why does the GPS system
>care if it's periodic or aperiodic?  Also, why
>would the update sometimes become large?  Isn't
>that just a matter of making the period of correction
>reasonably short?
>
>Thanks,
>John B
>
>Quotations from GPS-Nv99_Innov.PDF :
>
>solution would introduce a discontinuity to
>UTC after a specified time interval, to
>reduce the accumulated difference in time
>between UTC and UT1 to an acceptable
>limit. While the date of the insertion of
>leap seconds would be predictable, the number
>of leap seconds would not. This would
>remove the problem with predictability, but
>the presumably larger discontinuities are
>likely to still cause concern.
>
>This solution would not cause problems
>for GPS. The GPS Master Control Station
>would simply have to check about a week or
>so before "Leap Second Day" whether a
>change to the navigation message leap-second
>parameters was required and, if yes,
>upload the new number of leap seconds to the
>satellites.>
>
>...
>
>and the relaxation of the tolerance between
>UT1 and UTC as the most likely candidates
>for consideration. These options appear equal
>in feasibility with the most serious difficulty
>being the establishment of an acceptable
>magnitude for a time step in view of current
>customs and coding protocols.>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: Sundials in Paris

[Richard Langley]

The article is available on line at
<http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/16/travel/16bpsun.html>.
Concerning the Salvador Dali dial, as I recall, it's not mounted correctly.
It's not on the correct facing wall.
-- Richard Langley

On Sun, 16 Mar 2003 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

>3-16-03
>
>Please note the article on page 17 in this Sunday's New York Times Travel
>Section entitled "Solar-Powered Timekeeping in Paris".  The author's
>reference for her sundial search was "Cadrans Solaires de Paris" by Andre
>Gotteland and Georges Camus.
>
>Fred Sawyer - perhaps you could send some information to the author and her
>husband on the benefits of NASS membership?
>
>Hal Brandmaier
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

Re: BBC radio program(me) on sundials on 13 Dec.

[Richard Langley]

The Radio 4 longwave transmitter is on 198 kHz. Not 198 m mediumwave.
Reception is more or less restricted to Europe.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Fri, 28 Nov 2003 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

>
>In a message dated 2003/11/27 02:50:54 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
>
>> BBC Radio 4  will carry a 30-minute show on sundials on Saturday, 13
>> December at 1530 GMT.
>>
>> It's of course easy to hear in the UK, but anyone with a Web
>> connection who can stream audio can also listen at
>>
>> http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/
>>
>> or through the ether on long wave at 198 meters.
>
>I have a shortwave receiver that picks up BBC on 5975 kHz rather
>well.  Will the program be at that frequency also?  (This ancient
>computer won't handle streaming audio.)
>
>What would the frequency of 198 m be?  Is that a band, rather
>than a frequency?  Haven't heard of that band, but I'm a rank novice
>at this sort of thing.  Let's see... 299792458/198 = 1514 kHz  (Not
>correcting for the refractive index of air.)  Have I messed that up?
>
>Thanks!
>John Bercovitz
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Salvador Dal� and Sundials

[Richard Langley]

While on a recent holiday in southern Florida, my wife and I visited the
Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg <http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/>.
Currently running is the exhibition "Dalí Centennial: An American Collection"
which celebrates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dalí. One of the
paintings on display is "Noon (Barracks Port Lligat)" which Dalí
painted in 1954 <http://dali.karelia.ru/html/works/1954_07.htm>. The painting
shows a vertical sundial on the wall of the barracks. Can any of our Spanish
colleagues tell us if the building and the sundial still exist?

Of course, Dalí was no stranger to sundials as witnessed by his famous sundial
at 27, rue Saint-Jacques, Paris 5ème arrondissement
<http://www2.iap.fr/saf/csmp/arr5n/centrea51.html> constructed in 1968.

The image on the sundial bears a bit of a resemblance to his 1966 painting
"Self Portrait Sundial"
<http://www.elainefineart.com/dali/self_portrait_sundial.htm>

Are there any other Dalí sundials -- real or painted?

-- Richard Langley

P.S. Fredericton is home to Dalí's huge Satiago El Grande. It is on
permanent display in the city's Beaverbrook Art Gallery
<http://www.beaverbrookartgallery.org/>, one of 4 Dalí paitings it owns. The
gallery was a gift to New Brusnwick from its native son Lord Beaverbrook (Sir
Max Aitken) who served in the wartime cabinet of Winston Churchill. Lord
Beaverbrook was chancellor of my university from 1947 until his death in 1964.

===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

Re: Salvador Dal� and Sundials

[Richard Langley]

Thanks, Frans. It looks like Dalí's Paris dial was based on this one in
Cadaqués, predating it by 2 years. I wonder if there are any other Dalí dials
of the same style? And thanks for pointing out the Dalí anagram -- I had
missed that.
By the way, the small fishing village of Portlligat (the site of the Dalí
paianting) is just next door to Cadaqués.
-- Richard
P.S. Sorry for the earlier typo on the Fredericton Dalí painting; of course it
should have been Santiago El Grande.
   ^

On Tue, 3 Feb 2004, Frans W. Maes wrote:

>Hi Richard & all,
>
>There is a picture of a Dali dial (:-) in the site of Andreas Hänel from
>Osnabrück (in German):
>http://www.physik.uni-osnabrueck.de/~ahaenel/sonnuhr/
>Scroll to Spanien/Katalonien - Cadaques.
>
>It is dated 1966. Judging from the hour line pattern, the dial is
>east-declining by 60° or so. The pole-style possibly suffered from some
>'restoration'.
>
>The site does not give additional information. Note the disclaimer that some
>attributions may be incorrect.
>
>Cadaqués is a village on the east coast of Spain, close to the French border
>and close to Dali's native town Figueras.
>
>Regards,
>Frans Maes
>53.1N 6.5E
>
>- Original Message -
>From: "Richard Langley" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>To: 
>Sent: Monday, February 02, 2004 3:08 PM
>Subject: Salvador Dalí and Sundials
>
>
>While on a recent holiday in southern Florida, my wife and I visited the
>Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg <http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/>.
>Currently running is the exhibition "Dalí Centennial: An American
>Collection"
>which celebrates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dalí. One of the
>paintings on display is "Noon (Barracks Port Lligat)" which Dalí
>painted in 1954 <http://dali.karelia.ru/html/works/1954_07.htm>. The
>painting
>shows a vertical sundial on the wall of the barracks. Can any of our Spanish
>colleagues tell us if the building and the sundial still exist?
>
>Of course, Dalí was no stranger to sundials as witnessed by his famous
>sundial
>at 27, rue Saint-Jacques, Paris 5ème arrondissement
><http://www2.iap.fr/saf/csmp/arr5n/centrea51.html> constructed in 1968.
>
>The image on the sundial bears a bit of a resemblance to his 1966 painting
>"Self Portrait Sundial"
><http://www.elainefineart.com/dali/self_portrait_sundial.htm>
>
>Are there any other Dalí sundials -- real or painted?
>
>-- Richard Langley
>
>P.S. Fredericton is home to Dalí's huge Satiago El Grande. It is on
>permanent display in the city's Beaverbrook Art Gallery
><http://www.beaverbrookartgallery.org/>, one of 4 Dalí paitings it owns. The
>gallery was a gift to New Brusnwick from its native son Lord Beaverbrook
>(Sir
>Max Aitken) who served in the wartime cabinet of Winston Churchill. Lord
>Beaverbrook was chancellor of my university from 1947 until his death in
>1964.
>
>
>===
> Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
> Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
> University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
> Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
> Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
>
>===
>
>-
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

Re: Oblate Spheroid correction for computing distances?

[Richard Langley]

WGS 84 ellipsoid semi-major (equatorial) axis: 6 378 137.0 m
 semi-minor (polar) axis:  6 356 752.3142 m
(biaxial ellipsoid or just ellipsoid is the preferred (at least in North
America) term for spheroid)

What kind of differences might you see when comparing great circle routes on
an approximating sphere with geodesics on the ellipsoid? As an example, the
distance between Washington and L.A. on the sphere is approximately 3711 km.
On the ellipsoid, it is 3719 km.

Here are the expressions for computing the distance in km for one degree of
latitude or longitude on the WGS 84 ellipsoid as a function of latitude, phi:
lat = 111.13295 - 0.55982Cos 2 phi + 0.00117Cos 4 phi
long = 111.41288 Cos phi - 0.09350 Cos 3 phi + 0.00012 Cos 5 phi

See "Navigation 101: Basic Navigation with a GPS Receiver"
<http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/gpsworld.october00.pdf> for further
details.

"Navigate" is a handy application for computing geodesics on various
ellipsoids for PDAs using the Palm OS:
<http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/navigate/index.html>

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Tue, 3 Feb 2004, Thaddeus Weakley wrote:

>Hello All -
>
>Tony's posting reminds me of a question that I have had for a long time.  As 
>many of us know, we call geometrically compute the distance between two 
>locations (lat, long) and (lat2, long2) assuming that the Earth is a perfect 
>sphere (which of course it isn't).  Has anyone seen a correction for this 
>flattening at the poles, or bowing around the equator?  If so, please share.
>
>Thanks,
>
>Thad Weakley
>42.2N,  83.8W
>
>
>
>
>-
>Do you Yahoo!?
>Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it!


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: Salvador Dal� and Sundials

[Richard Langley]

On Mon, 2 Feb 2004, Richard Langley wrote:

>While on a recent holiday in southern Florida, my wife and I visited the
>Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg <http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/>.
>Currently running is the exhibition "Dalí Centennial: An American Collection"
>which celebrates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dalí. One of the
>paintings on display is "Noon (Barracks Port Lligat)" which Dalí
>painted in 1954 <http://dali.karelia.ru/html/works/1954_07.htm>. The painting
>shows a vertical sundial on the wall of the barracks. Can any of our Spanish
>colleagues tell us if the building and the sundial still exist?

I think I can answer my own question. While trolling around on the Web, I
found an artist's site <http://www.pop.ac/portlligat.html> on which there are
photos of his visit to Dalí's house in Portlligat in 1996. If you click on
"Ojo - " The eye " - A dedication to Salvador Dali"
<http://www.pop.ac/portlligat013.html> and then click on each image as it
appears, you will see multiple photos of the barracks building and the
sundial. This building is at the shore, just down the hill from Dalí's house.

Perhaps those with sundial Web pages linking to other sites might link to this
previously unknown (to me) "sundial site."

===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

Re: [Fwd: CONXITA BOU on Salvador Dal

[Richard Langley]

Thanks for forwarding Conxita's reply.

On Sat, 7 Feb 2004, Anselmo Pérez Serrada wrote:

>Dear Richard,
>
>I think the sundial painted by Dali in "Noon (Barracks Port Lligat)" is
>one that still exists on the wall of a fisherman house, in front of his
>Home-Museum in *Port Lligat* (not his famous Museum in Figueras). It's
>told that the sundial was built by Dalí together with the fishermen from
>the little village. (Picture ref. 1024, 7/1998).

So, did Dalí (or one of the fishermen) actually know how to construct a
sundial? Or did Dalí get some outside help? And for that matter, did he have
any help in constructing the Cadaqués or Paris sundials? It would be
interesting to know.

>In *Cadaqués*, near Port Lligat, where Dalí usually lived, there exist
>two sundials very similar to the one in Paris, 27, rue Saint Jacques.
>One can be seen in Curos street,  in front of the church (Picture ref.
>980) and the other one in Hotel La Residència (Ex-Hotel Miramar) Pl. F.
>Rahola (Ses herbes).

The three sundials are listed in the inventory of the Societat Catalana de
Gnomonica, as stated above, and information on them can be accessed on the
Society's Web site: <http://www.gnomonica.org/bd.cfm>. Just select Dalí in the
"Autor" menu and click "Consulta". There is no photo of the Hotel La
Residència sundial in the inventory but you can see pictures of it on the
hotel's Web site:
<https://secure.grn.es/laresidencia/ang/presentacio/presentacio.html>,
complete with annoying ants.

-- Richard Langley

>Best regards.
>
>Conxita
>Societat Catalana de Gnomonica
>
>
>
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>(N 41º41,753' - E 002º14,832')
>_www.gnomonica.org <http://www.gnomonica.org/>

===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

Re: Magnetic variation.

[Richard Langley]

The DoD World Magnetic Model predicts for 1 March 2004 at the given location a
magnetic declination of 4.06 degrees (compass will theoretically point
4.06 degrees to the east of "true" north). A different magnetic model,
the International Geomganetic Reference Field, gives 4.22 degrees. Take
your pick. Local iron deposits, geomagnetic activity, etc. could have an
effect on the compass reading. Incidentally, the WMM magnetic dip is 82.11
degrees -- the magnetic field lines are almost vertical. For this reason, the
horizontal field strength (to which the compass is sensitive) is not as strong
as that at more southerly locations. Any further north (or, more precisely,
towards the north magnetic pole) and a compass starts to become erratic.
More info here <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/potfld/faqgeom.shtml>.
Have fun.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Sat, 28 Feb 2004, tony moss wrote:

>Fellow Shadow Watchers,

>   Next week I will be setting off for Longyearbyen on
>Spitsbergen in the Svalbard group of islands 500 miles north of Tromso to
>install their new 24 hour stainless steel sundial.  As any diallist is
>painfully aware the most probable event for dial installation is an obscured
>sun all day so for the purposes of the inauguration ceremony and photoshoot
>we may be forced to do the diallistically unspeakable viz. a temporary
>magnetic alignment so that at least it looks OK -ish.
>
>Having consulted various geomagnetic websites for that area, like Omar
>Khayyam, I "Came out by the same Door as in I went" because the magnetic map
>at 78° 12' North 15° 40' is exceedingly complex.
>
>Can anyone tell me the likely current magnetic variation at those coordinates 
>please?
>
>Thanks in anticipation.
>
>Tony Moss
>
>P.S.  I bought my snow boots yesterday and overnight we had a full six inches 
>of white stuff in which to try them out so I hope the same Good Luck continues.
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

Re: Website on CD?

[Richard Langley]

As an example, file/Web page references on the main/home page should look like
this:
Mendes, V.B. and R.B. Langley (1994). " A
Comprehensive Analysis of Mapping Functions Used in Modeling Tropospheric
Propagation Delay in Space Geodetic Data."
KIS94, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Kinematic Systems in
Geodesy, Geomatics and Navigation, Banff, Alberta, 30 August - 2 September
1994, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, pp. 87-98.

In this case, "papers" is a top level directory on the CD-ROM -- at the same
level as the initial (home) Web page file. Modify as necessary depending on
the nesting you use.

-- Richard Langley

On Fri, 30 Jan 2004, John Carmichael wrote:

>Hello all:
>
>Does anybody know if it is possible to burn a copy of a website onto a CD so
>that when played back on any computer, the CD file will work and look just
>like the website?
>
>The reason I ask is because I would like to make CD's of the SGS website to
>pass out in Oxford and for the digital Compendium, but I've been having a
>problem doing this.  Here's what happens:
>
>I have the 15 MB SGS website synchronized on my computer so that it comes up
>very quickly when I need to see it. The file is located in my "Favorites"
>folder.  When I copy this file onto a CD and then open the CD file, it works
>great and the whole website appears just like when I'm logged on, only
>quicker.  But the problem is that if you try to open the file on somebody
>else's computer, it won't open.  The playback of the CD file only works on
>my computer.
>
>Any thoughts on this?
>
>thanks
>
>John
>
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: Roman Numerals - as a test message

[Richard Langley]

Tony:
Isn't  the clockmaker's IV? Apparently introduced since it "balances"
VIII although that's not a theory that is without problems since other
numbers on the clock face are not balanced. While not necessarily
authoratative, see
.
-- Richard

On Sat, 27 Mar 2004, tony moss wrote:

>Fellow Shadow Watchers,
>   I've just noticed that the BBC TV News credit
>titles include the date as MMIV.  Should this be MM?  I recall being
>'smacked' by a BSS lady member for using a 'clock makers' IV' in my early
>attempt at Roman numerals some years ago.
>
>Tony Moss
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: Roman Numerals - as a test message

[Richard Langley]

According to
<http://www2.inetdirect.net/~charta/Roman_numerals.html#footnote4>, the Romans
themselves rarely used the subtraction principle and so would have primarily
used  rather than IV.
-- Richard

On Sat, 27 Mar 2004, tony moss wrote:

>Richard Langley wrote:
>
>>Isn't  the clockmaker's IV? Apparently introduced since it "balances"
>>VIII although that's not a theory that is without problems since other
>>numbers on the clock face are not balanced. While not necessarily
>>authoratative, see
>><http://www.wilkiecollins.demon.co.uk/roman/clockface.htm>.
>
>Thanks Richard.  An interesting website which gives the opposite message
>to the one which was suggested to me.
>
>I suppose my question should have been - What form was actually used by
>the Romans in their own time?
>
>Tony M.
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: EOT + Longitude Correction Table

[Richard Langley]

I combined all of the corrections for the table I prepared when helping with
the faithful reconstruction of the Fredericton Soldiers Barracks sundial over
a decade ago <http://new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/fredericton/page1.html>.
You can barely see the interpretive plaque low down on the wall. Some day I
must put some better pictures of the sundial and plaque up on the Web.
-- Richard Langley

On Thu, 8 Jul 2004, John Carmichael wrote:

>Hello All,
>
>Some of you wrote me and seemed very confused with my inquiry about a way to
>get a EOT table that is longitude corrected.  You ot understand what I
>wanted.  So I'll try to explain it here. (thanks to everybody who sent me
>info on this)
>
>Sample letter:
>"I still cannot figure out your EoT problem; EoT does not depend on
>longitude, it depends on an agreed absolute (GMT) and changes so little in
>any time zone you cannot see the difference on a dial.  Maybe I am missing
>something, I often do these days."
>
>Yes, you are missing something.  And it's so simple you will kick yourself.
>You're thinking too deeply!  I'll try to explain...
>
>Of course you are correct in implying that EOT values are "Universal" and
>are basically the same all over the world, at any longitude or latitude and
>on any given date. You can use the same EOT graph with almost any sundial
>anywhere in the world. But you know that already.  So far so good.
>
>But if somebody really wants to know "clock" time, then not only does he
>have to correct his sundial readings for EOT, but he also has to correct for
>his longitude (and Daylight Saving Time if applicable).  This additional
>longitude correction is expressed as a plus or minus value in minutes and
>seconds.  But you know this already.  So far so good.
>
>Now this double correction is sometimes confusing to non-dialists (it's a
>triple correction if one has to correct for Daylight Savings too).  So to
>reduce two time reading corrections into just one correction, you can add
>the EOT correction to the longitude correction since both expressed in
>minutes and seconds, and you come up with a new EOT graph or table that
>incorporates the longitude time correction in its values.
>
>Now do you get it?  Neat huh!
>
>For my sundial customers, I usually build the longitude correction directly
>into my sundial faces so the customer doesn't have to do the longitude
>correction, just the EOT correction.  This combined EOT+Longitude Correction
>Table is very useful if you have an antique pre-timezone sundial or any
>sundial that doesn't have a built-in longitude correction.  The downside is
>that you have to make a unique customized EOT table for each sundial,
>depending on its particular longitude.
>
>Hope this helps

===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: Sundial at Fredericton.

[Richard Langley]

Mike:
Sorry for taking so long to get back to you and the group about the
Fredericton Soldiers' Barracks sundial. I don't know if the Soldiers' Barracks
sundial made it into Mrs. Gatty's book or not (I have ordered the book through
inter-library loan but it has not arrived yet) but Mrs. Gatty was made aware
of the sundial by her daughter, Juliana, in a letter dated 5 October 1867. She
said "... I have found another dial ­ but it has no motto. It is in the
Barrack Square. But there do seem to be dials in this part of the world,
which is a great point ­ & I keep an eye open as you know." And she included
a sketch of the dial <http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/sundials/sundial.ewing.jpg>.
The letter is reproduced in Canada Home: Juliana Horatia Ewing's Fredericton
Letters 1867-1869, edited by Margaret Howard Blom and Thomas E. Blom, and
published by the University of British Columbia Press, 1983.

Also, for those interested, I've made a scan of the brochure that was prepared
when the sundial was reconstructed:
<http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/sundials/SundialBrochure.pdf>. In the photo, which
dates from around the turn of the century (the one before the last), the
sundial is barely visible behind the tree. The brochure inclcudes the table
of corrections for EoT, longitude, and daylight saving time.

-- Richard

On Fri, 9 Jul 2004, Mike Cowham wrote:

>Dear Richard,
>In your reply to John Carmichael about EoT + Longitude Correction Table
>you mentioned a sundial at the Fredericton Soldiers Barracks.  This
>immediately started bells ringing in my brain because this is the place where
>Alexander Ewing and his wife Juliana were stationed in 1867-9.  If you don't
>know the connection, then I should tell you that Juliana Ewing was Mrs
>Gatty's second daughter - Mrs Margaret Gatty, who wrote the famous Book of
>Sun-Dials.
>There HAS to be a connection with the Gattys.  Perhaps you know the
>story?  I think that the origins of the sundial are really worth following
>up.
>
>Regards,
>Mike Cowham.
>  - Original Message -
>  From: Richard Langley
>  To: John Carmichael
>  Cc: Sundial List
>  Sent: Thursday, July 08, 2004 6:04 PM
>  Subject: Re: EOT + Longitude Correction Table
>
>
>  I combined all of the corrections for the table I prepared when helping with
>  the faithful reconstruction of the Fredericton Soldiers Barracks sundial over
>  a decade ago <http://new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/fredericton/page1.html>.
>  You can barely see the interpretive plaque low down on the wall. Some day I
>  must put some better pictures of the sundial and plaque up on the Web.
>  -- Richard Langley
>
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

RE: Software Search - Apple Mac!

[Richard Langley]

I have a copy of Sundials (icon has a Martini glass and something beside it
and "LUFKIN" underneath) -- so I presume this is the right program. It is
version 1.0, copyright 1995 Martiniware. I presume it used to work at one
time. I just tried to execute it under Mac OS 9 and it crashes with an error
report.
-- Richard Langley

On Fri, 11 Feb 2005, Lufkin, Brad wrote:

>Many moons ago, I wrote a Mac Sundial program, but I lost my machine and so 
>the program is no longer directly available from me. However, it used to live 
>on a website (http://dialist.webjump.com) maintained by a contributor to this 
>mailing list. The website no longer seems to exist. If the owner of the 
>website is reading this, perhaps s/he could forward the program to you.
>Regards, Brad
>P.S. The program was written in True Basic, so I was able to port it to 
>Windows with no trouble. The Windows version is still available from me. One 
>of these days, I plan to re-write it in Java, which should make it available 
>on all machines with a Java runtime (and that's a lot of machines).
>
>-Original Message-
>From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Barry Wainwright
>Sent: Friday, February 11, 2005 4:30 AM
>To: sundial@rrz.uni-koeln.de
>Subject: Software Search - Apple Mac!
>
>
>Can anyone point me in the direction of good Macintosh software for the
>design of sundials? I have seen several windows programmes out there, but
>none for Apple Mac.
>
>If there isn't anything already available and there is a reasonable demand,
>I may consider writing my own...
>
>--
>Barry
>
>
>
>-
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: Brad Lufkin's Mac software SUNDIALS

[Richard Langley]

Works on an iMac under OS 9.1 but I had to discard the downloaded Preferences
file before it would work correctly. This is a later version of the program
than the one I reported on earlier which apparently doesn't work under more
recent versions of the classic Mac operating system.
-- Richard Langley

On Fri, 11 Feb 2005, Mac Oglesby wrote:

>
>Hello,
>
>I've posted the contents of the Macintosh folder I found for Brad
>Lufkin's SUNDIALS at:
>
>http://www.sover.net/~oglesby/Lufkin%20SUNDIALS/
>
>It's not clear to me if all four of the files are absolutely
>necessary, but certainly "SUNDIALS" and "Help" are.
>
>I don't know very much about the program, so any questions about it
>ought to be addressed to Brad. Earlier today I ran SUNDIALS on an
>iMac (OS 8.6) and an eMac (OS 9.2.2 Classic mode on a Mac running OS
>10.2.8) without any problems.
>
>Cheers,
>
>Mac
>
>
>
>
>
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

Re: On the greatest size of an analemmatic and more

[Richard Langley]

On Mon, 11 Apr 2005, tony moss wrote:

>Frank King Wrote,
>
>>Can some U.S. reader who knows all about cold
>>winters kindly let this temperate Brit know what is
>>likely to be found underneath this dial?  Is there
>>really 1200mm of hard-core and elaborate drainage?
>
>The pedestal of the Longyearbyen dial at 87° north is supported what seems to 
>be the usual way for such frost-beset areas viz. on wooden piles driven 5 
>metres into the ground.
  ^^
  78??
>
>Tony Moss.
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

-

Re: Duplicate messages

[Richard Langley]

I have received some duplicates, too.
-- Richard Langley

On Thu, 14 Apr 2005, Mac Oglesby wrote:

>
>For the past several days each message from the sundial list, and
>only from the sundial list, has been closely followed by a duplicate
>message, but one which concludes with the announcement that "this
>e-mail has been scanned for viruses by Star. The service is powered
>by MessageLabs."
>
>Have others on this list also received duplicate emails, or am I the
>only one so blessed?
>
>Mac Oglesby
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===

Re: Which longitude/latitude to use?

[Richard Langley]

UT1 is definitively established by the IERS (now called the International
Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service). UT1 is referenced to the ITRF
(the International Terrestrial Reference Frame) which is basically a set of
points whose coordinates realize the ideal International Terrestrial Reference
System (ITRS) There can be many realizations of the ITRS -- WGS84 is another
one. Over the years, WGS84 has been adjusted to move closer to the ITRF which
has turned out to be a better realization of the IERS.
The longitude origin of the ITRS is that which was initially given by the
forerunner of the IERS, the Bureau International de l'Heure (BIH) at the epoch
1984.0. For some background on the relationship between the BIH zero meridian
and that of the Airy transit circle at Greenwich, see this interesting Web
page: <http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.416>.
By the way, the U.S. military probably no longer has a better model of the
Earth's gravity field than that of the civilian community. The gravity model
which accompanies WGS84 was fully declassified in the early 1990s.
Subsequently, U.S. DoD worked with the U.S. National Geodetic Survey and NASA
to produce the superior and publicly available Earth Gravity Model 1996. This
is a global model. There are regional models of different parts of the Earth
which are even better.

-- Richard Langley

On Tue, 24 May 2005, Frank King wrote:

>Dear Wee-Meng
>
>You raise some very interesting points...
>
>> When I read about longitudes/latitudes in GPS articles,
>> there are loads of different types of projection used.
>
>Indeed there are.  These all represent different models
>of the shape of the Earth and the best one is kept secret
>by the U.S. Military who probably know the shape of the
>Earth better than anyone else!
>
>> In my GPS, if a point is specified using the wrong
>> projection, it may be way off.
>
>Sadly this is true.  We in the U.K. like to think that
>Longitude 0 degrees has been fixed since 1884 by the
>position of Airy's Transit Circle telescope at Greenwich.
>
>For some purposes this is still true but certainly not
>for all purposes.  Even the much-acclaimed British
>Ordnance Survey Maps use a different Longitude 0 (for
>the simple reason that the Ordnance Survey started
>long before 1884 and they haven't wanted to change!).
>
>The WGS84 model was established by the U.S. who used
>a secondary longitude (probably one in Washington) as
>a reference during the refining of the model.  When
>they finished, it turned out that 0 degrees on the
>WGS84 model is about 6 arc-seconds to the EAST of
>the longitude of the Airy Transit Circle.
>
>I am writing all this from memory so someone else may
>correct this figure of 6 arc-seconds.
>
>If my memory is right this translates into about
>0.4 seconds of time or (very roughly) 100 metres
>at the latitude of Greenwich.
>
>I don't think diallists should worry too much about
>this error.  UTC is allowed to differ from UT1 by over
>twice this amount and I expect most diallists use UTC
>for checking sundials without correcting to UT1.  [A
>few serious pedants like me make this correction!]
>
>To those readers who are familiar with the difference
>between UT1 and UTC I should like to have it confirmed
>that UT1 STILL uses the Airy Transit Circle as defining
>reference longitude 0 degrees.
>
>In short: is it still the case that 12h UT1 is the
>instant of superior transit of the mean sun at Airy's
>Transit Circle?  I am fairly sure the answer is yes but
>I would be happier if some expert could confirm this.
>
>Frank King
>Cambridge, U.K.
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: mean time

[Richard Langley]

And here is a discussion of mean time as well as UTC:
<http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html>.
-- Richard Langley

On Sat, 11 Jun 2005, Gordon Uber wrote:

> From "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac" by Seidelmann,
>pp. 74-6:
>
>"However, the sun's motion in right ascension [along the celestial equator]
>is not uniform because the Sun moves in the ecliptic rather than the
>equator, and the Sun's motion in the ecliptic is not uniform [due to
>elliptical orbit].
>
>Mean solar time was defined by an abstract fiducial point ... fictitious
>mean sun ... to move uniformly in the equatorial plane at a rate that is
>virtually equal to the mean rate of the true Sun's motion in the ecliptic.
>The difference between mean solar time and apparent solar time is called
>the equation of time."
>
>At least formerly, solar time was computed from observed sidereal [star]
>time. What is today called Greenwich Mean Time (civil time) in the UK is
>actually Coordinated Universal Time for the Greenwich time zone. It is kept
>by atomic clocks and modified by leap seconds as required by variations in
>the Earth's rotation.
>
>I am guessing that the observed noon (sun due south or at its highest
>altitude) defined 12:00 noon for apparent solar time at Greenwich.
>
>For those interested in this topic, this book has a sixty-page chapter on
>time, including its history.
>
> From "Astronomical Algorithms" by Jean Meeus, p. 379, "The mean solar time
>is the hour angle of the mean sun , and this is measured from mean noon.
>The civil time is the mean solar time increased by 12 hours, and thus is
>measured from mean midnight."
>
>Gordon
>
>
>At 11:42 6/10/05, Noam Kaplan wrote:
>>Does anyone know how mean time is set up?
>>
>>To clarify, I know that local mean time has 24 hours every day set for a
>>mean daily rotation for any particular location. I understand that
>>timezones are set up by the local mean time for the center of every 15
>>degrees of  longitude, i.e. 0, 15, 30, 45 etc.
>>
>>What I don't understand is how was it chosen when 12:00 AM/PM would be.
>>I used to think that mean time was set by the equinox that midday was
>>12:00 for the whole year. This is obviously incorrect as the equation of
>>time which shows how much local mean time is off from apparent solar time
>>is not 0 at 12 on the equinox.
>>
>>If anybody can explain to me what and how mean time was set up, I would
>>appreciate it.
>>
>>Thanks,
>>Noam Kaplan
>>N 40.5833   W 74.1166
>>Staten Island
>
>
>-
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
-

Re: GNOMONICS in the WWW

[Richard Langley]

On Thu, 15 Feb 1996, Daniel Roth wrote:

> 
> GNOMONICS in the WWW
> 
> 
> I've tried to search for some pages in the WWW concerning sundials. One
> problem is that there is a Internet provider called Sundial Systems or
> similar. So, when one enters the word 'sundial' into some of the search
> engines like Lycos or WebCrawler one gets tons of links to pages which
> don't have to do with sundials.
> 
> So far I've found the following links:
> 
> Walter Scott Houston Memorial Sundial at Wesleyan University
> http://sun.astro.wesleyan.edu/sundial.html
> 
> Sundial as a gift (commercial)
> http://www.save.com/ggifts/page_65.html
> 
> Science Museum Galleries - Time Measurement
> http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/galleries/time.html
> 
> Wing Sundial (commercial)
> http://www.isn.net/wxsense/sund_idx.html
> 
> CLOCKS and TIME by Gordon Uber
> http://glen-ellyn.iit.edu/~clocks/clocks/sundial/sundial.html
> 
> Sundial Theory
> http://cpcug.org/user/jaubert/jsundial.html
> 
> Richard D. Swensen Sundial
> http://bugs-bunny.anetsrvcs.uwrf.edu:80/sundial/
> 
> And you may try my own page http://www.ph-cip.uni-koeln.de/~sonnenuhr.html
> I'm sorry these pages are in german only. If I have time I want to translate
> and enlarge them.
> 
> Has anyone found other gnomonic links?
> 
> - Daniel
> 

RGO Information Leaflet No. 23: 'Sundials'
http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/RGO/leaflets/sundials/sundial.html

Sundial of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology:
http://sunsite.ust.hk/hkust/campus/sundial.html

-- Richard Langley
   Professor

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://degaulle.hil.unb.ca/NB/fredericton.html 
=== 

Re: GNOMONICS in the WWW

[Richard Langley]

On Thu, 15 Feb 1996, Richard Langley wrote:

> RGO Information Leaflet No. 23: 'Sundials'
> http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/RGO/leaflets/sundials/sundial.html

Sorry, should be

http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/RGO/leaflets/sundials/sundials.html


=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://degaulle.hil.unb.ca/NB/fredericton.html 
=== 

Re: Compendium graphics

[Richard Langley]

On 26 Mar 1996, Fred Sawyer wrote:

> Ken,
>
> The quick answer is that there is no mechanism within the compendium for
> printing graphics.  Many members subscribe to both print and digital issues -
> one of the advantages of the print issue being that you get a printout of the
> graphics.  Of course if you want your own hardcopy outside the issue, you have
> to turn to a photocopy machine.  Similarly for the digital issue, you can use
> any of a number of good graphics screen capture utilities which will turn the
> graphic that appears on your screen into a PCX or GIF file which can then be
> printed.  Many of our graphics start out as HPG or PLT files, which are much
> more easily sized and scaled - but sending these formats would require that I
> package all of the graphics separately - and the current material has already
> been filling each disk even after being compressed.
>
> If there's a particular graphic you are interested in, let me know.
>
> Fred Sawyer
>
>
>
>

For the future, perhaps a different format could be used such as Adobe
PDF.  These documents look good both on screen and when printed.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor

===
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202
Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://degaulle.hil.unb.ca/NB/fredericton.html
===

Re: Earliest sunset

[Richard Langley]

On Fri, 3 May 1996, Jack Aubert wrote:

> I would like to forward the following enquiry to all those dialiasts
> who know more than I do about celestial mechanics.  It seems to me
> that the answer has something to do with the fact that the sun appears 
> as a disk rather than a point in space, but I don't know enough to think
> this through logically.  The question was posed by  Rory Sellers 
> ([EMAIL PROTECTED]).  What exactly does he have to do to subscribe 
> to the sundial list?  
> 
> >Many years ago a golf-playing uncle in Los Angeles asked me why it was 
> >that the shortest day of the year was the winter solstice, but the sun 
> >actually set earliest on about Dec. 13 (he had noticed that he could get 
> >in an extra hole of golf on Dec. 21 -- I'm not making this up.)
> >
> >After a lot of research (there was no Web then!) I realized the answer 
> >had to do with the equation of time, the difference between solar and 
> >sideral days, and mean solar time (and no doubt you know more about this 
> >than I do.)
> >
> >So I told my uncle this, and the family got down to accomplishing other 
> >life-tasks. Unfortunately, I recently realized that this explanation 
> >must be false. This came about by looking more closely at an analemma on 
> >a globe. If I am not mistaken, the analemma describes not only the 
> >difference between mean and clock-time (due to the eccentricity of the 
> >earth's orbit being non-zero) but also the (I guess arbitrary) dates on 
> >which our clock is "set." I.e. when the official timekeepers say that 
> >the annual clock is zeroed. And here, I was shocked to see a) that this 
> >date seems to be the winter solstice; and b) that I had never noticed 
> >this before!
> >
> >You see, I always knew that the earth was moving fastest around 
> >Christmas time (near perihelion) and so I figured it made sense that the 
> >clock was furthest "out of whack" around this time. And sure enough, 
> >consulting either an almanac or a St. Joseph's Aspirin calendar, one can 
> >see that the sun indeed sets earliest on Dec. 13, not Dec. 21. BUT HOW 
> >IS THIS POSSIBLE, IF THE CLOCK IS "ZEROED" ON THE SOLSTICE? Shouldn't 
> >the equation of time being equal to zero on Dec. 21 mean that the sun 
> >should set the earliest on that date, too?
> >
> >Please help! A family conundrum that I thought we had settled twenty 
> >years ago is now bothering me!


I believe it is the equation of time that is responsible for the
difference.  Let's consider the sun to be a point (taking into account the
sun's semi-diameter won't affect us too much).  When the sun is on the
horizon (actually sunset occurs when the refracted upper limb of the sun
is on the horizon, but as I said we won't worry about this detail), the
local hour angle of the true sun is given by

 cos(H) = -tan(lat) * tan(delta)

where lat is the latitude of the place and delta is the sun's declination.
The hour angle of the true sun is equal to the hour angle of the mean sun
plus the equation of time and the hour angle of the mean sun is equal to
mean solar time minus 12 hours.  So,

 H = H_m + E = MT -12h + E/60

where E is in minutes.

So, MT of sunset, in hours, is given by

MT = 12h - E/60 + acos(-tan(lat)*tan(delta))/180*12.

Now, consider first a point on the equator:

MT = 12h - E/60 + 6h = 18h - E/60.

Notice that this equation is independent of the sun's declination,
except via E.  The earliest sunset will occur when E is largest.  This
happens around 3 November.

If we re-do the calculation for Los Angles, with latitude of about 34
degrees, we find that the earliest sunset occurs around 6 December.  Note
that we have to take into account both the time variation of E and the
sun's declination.

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://degaulle.hil.unb.ca/NB/fredericton.html 
=== 

Re: Problems downloading Brad Lufkins Sundial program

[Richard Langley]

On Mon, 13 May 1996, John D. Hall wrote:

> Can anybody provide a temporary ftp site for a Mac version of Brad
> Lufkins Sundial program. After repeated attempts I have been unable
> to download it from him (files I receive range in size from (950K
> down to 226K) I would love to get a copy of this program but so far
> no luck. Can anybody help ?
> 
> If anybody is interested in a program (Mac only) for drawing stero
> sunpath diagrams and the calculation of HSA and VSA angles on
> buildings please look at SketchPAD on our web site at:
> 
> http://www.arch.utas.edu.au
> 
> Follow the lead until you come to the software page.
> 
> John Hall
> 

I have placed a BinHexed copy of the self-extracting archive of Brad
Lufkin's program on one of our anonymous ftp servers. You can retrieve the
file using the following URL:

file://sputnik.gge.unb.ca/pub/sundials.hqx

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://degaulle.hil.unb.ca/NB/fredericton.html 
=== 

Re: E-mail adress of Mozart::Edelmann

[Richard Langley]

On Sat, 8 Jun 1996, Fer J. de Vries wrote:

> To Mozart::Edelmann.
> 
> I got an E-mail from
> "MOZART::EDELMANN<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> but returning an answer to this adress I got the message back.
> What is wrong with this adress?
> 
> 
> Fer de Vries.
> 
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> 

In the subscriber list, this person is listed as

"MOZART::EDELMANN" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>

Note that MOZART::EDELMANN is a DECnet style address (user EDELMANN on
host MOZART).  Use the address 

[EMAIL PROTECTED]

which includes a gateway to DECnet.


=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://degaulle.hil.unb.ca/NB/fredericton.html 
=== 

Re: Archiving Sundial List Postings

[Richard Langley]

On Mon, 24 Feb 1997, Mark Gingrich wrote:

> I just ran across a service that might be of value to this mailing
> list.  There's an outfit called Reference.com that will archive our 
> postings, much like DejaNews does with Usenet's traffic.  Previous
> postings then can be searched and retrieved with your Web browser.
> For more details, check out
> 
>  http://www.reference.com
> 
> I, for one, would welcome this, as it would save me from having to
> store the ever-expanding collection of valuable messages on my hard
> disk.  In addition, if late-comers to the mailing list ask questions
> about items already discussed, we can refer them to the on-line archive
> and avoid a reposting.
> 
> Does anyone (in particular Daniel Roth) have any objection to this
> proposal?  If not, I'll gladly subscribe the Sundial mailing list
> later this week.
> 
> ~~
>  Mark Gingrich  [EMAIL PROTECTED]  San Leandro, California
> ~~

Would it be possible to have the old messages added?  I think I've stored
almost all of the list messages (about 611) in a Unix PINE mail file.  Let
me know if it would be of use.
-- Richard Langley

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://degaulle.hil.unb.ca/NB/fredericton.html 
=== 

Re: church interior dial

[Richard Langley]

There is an interesting article on the stations of the cross -- and variations
and dates in churches -- in the catholic encyclopedia:
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15569a.htm>
-- Richard Langley

On Thu, 11 May 2006, Frans W. Maes wrote:

>Hi Frank,
>
>In Roman Catholic churches I noted always 14 Stations, numbered I-XIV.
>Generally, they are placed symmetrically along the walls of the nave, thus
>nr. I-VII on one side and VIII-XIV on the other.
>
>Regards,
>Frans Maes
>
>- Original Message -
>From: "Frank Evans" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>To: "Sundial" 
>Sent: Wednesday, May 10, 2006 5:10 PM
>Subject: church interior dial
>
>
>> Greetings fellow dialists,
>> This is not really off topic, more off centre, perhaps. The church at
>> Dalton-le-Dale, County Durham, England has what until now has been
>> thought two dials. One is an important Anglo-Saxon dial of around 700
>> AD, mounted on a later wall. The other, the object of my question, is a
>> series of numbers on the inside north wall of the nave of this
>> thirteenth century church.
>>
>> Mrs. Gatty describes them incorrectly: "There are some remains of a dial
>> on an interior wall of St. Andrew's Church at Dalton-le-Dale; only the
>> numerals I to VII are to be seen now, and these are raised in relief
>> upon the plaster, and are said to conceal an older set of figures. The
>> hours would be shown when the sun shone through the south window."
>>
>> There is a story currently told that the sun shone on the easternmost
>> number on St. Andrew's saint's day, 30 November from a former hole in
>> the roof. Given the low angle of the noon sun on that day this is quite
>> impossible
>>
>> The numerals on the north wall of the nave are in fact VII to XII, not I
>> to VII, arranged linearly from west to east and occupy most of the
>> length of the wall at a height of about a metre. They were viewed by
>> members of the British Sundial Society during their meeting in Durham a
>> few weeks ago and the general consensus was that the numbers could not
>> be any form of time measure. A proposal was that they had been placed
>> under successive Stations of the Cross pictures and that they had
>> survived where the pictures and the numbers I to VI on the south wall
>> had not.
>>
>> My question is this: What is the history of Stations of the Cross in the
>> Church of England. Presumably some must be pre-Reformation but they
>> would generally have been extinguished by Cromwell's men and the puritan
>> movement. Could the numbers have survived, without pictures, from the
>> seventeenth century and a gradual story have grown up about their
>> representing a sort of sundial?
>>
>> Speculation welcome.
>> Frank 55N 1W
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> No virus found in this outgoing message.
>> Checked by AVG Free Edition.
>> Version: 7.1.392 / Virus Database: 268.5.5/335 - Release Date: 09/05/2006
>>
>>
>> ---
>> https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial
>>
>>
>
>---
>https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial
>
>


===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
---
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Sundial Motif to Be Featured on New Canadian $10 Coin

[Richard Langley]

A Canadian $10 silver coin to be launched today celebrating the Fortress of
Louisbourg includes sundial numerals along its circumference alluding to the
sundial that was found during an archaeological dig at the historic sight.
A PDF flyer describing the coin is available on request or you can find it on
the Royal Canadian Mint Web site.
-- Richard Langley

===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===
---
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Canadian Maritimes POI File for Sundial Tourists

[Richard Langley]

I have created a point-of-interest file containing the geodetic coordinates
and brief descriptions of some of the sundials in New Brunswick and Nova
Scotia, two of the Canadian Maritime Provinces. The initial sources of
information were Steve Lelievre's "Nova Scotia Sundial Trail"
<http://users.eastlink.ca/~srgl/trail.htm> and the NASS Sundial Register
<http://www.sundials.org/> plus various online mapping and other resources.

The text file has been created in a format which allowed conversion to a
TomTom Navigator software POI overlay file (with suffix .ov2). See
<http://www.tomtom.com/support/ce/support/nav_poi.php> for more
information.

The text file is easily read and could be converted to other GPS navigator
POI or waypoint file formats.

Attached are the small text and .ov2 files and a BMP icon which could be used
with the .ov2 file.

It would be useful for those of us who like visiting sundials on our vacations
to have sundial POI files for other regions. What is needed are accurate
WGS84 coordinates for the sundials or exact street addresses which can be
mapped to the coordinates.

-- Richard Langley

===
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
===; Sundials in NB and NS Points-of-Interest (POI) Text File for TomTom Navigator

; Use MAKEOV2.EXE to create .ov2 file

; Created by Richard B. Langley, University of New Brunswick, 19 November 2005

; Longitude,Latitude, "Name"

; ==  




 -66.64093 ,   45.96205 , "Vertical Wall Dial, Soldiers' Barracks, Fredericton, 
NB"

 -64.21009 ,   45.83530 , "Pedestal Dial, Amherst Town Hall, Amherst, NS"

 -65.51581 ,   44.74222 , "Pedestal Dial, Historic Gardens, Annapolis Royal, NS"

 -64.24157 ,   44.53653 , "Armillary Sphere, Parade Square, Chester, NS"

 -64.30942 ,   45.11077 , "Horizontal Dial, Acadian Memorial Church, Grand-Pré, 
NS"

 -63.57431 ,   44.64362 , "Armillary Sphere, DalTech, Halifax, NS"

 -63.57855 ,   44.64317 , "Horizontal Dial, Halifax Public Gardens, Halifax, NS"

 -63.61490 ,   44.67549 , "Horizontal Dial, Seaview Memorial Park, Halifax, NS"

 -63.59218 ,   44.63629 , "Pedestal Dial, Quadrangle, Dalhousie University, 
Halifax, NS"

 -65.11979 ,   44.87788 , "Pedestal Dial, Whitman Cemetary, Williamstown, NS"

 -59.98763 ,   45.88903 , "Pedestal Dial, Engineer's House, Fortress of 
Louisbourg, NS"

 -65.07110 ,   44.94378 , "Horizontal Dial, Macdonald Museum, Middleton, NS"

 -63.83432 ,   44.89625 , "Pedestal Dial, Uniacke Estate Museum Park, Mt. 
Uniacke, NS"

 -64.37803 ,   45.11619 , "Pedestal Dial, Prescott House Museum, Starr's Point, 
NS"

 -64.13907 ,   44.98952 , "Pedestal Dial, Haliburton House Museum, Windsor, NS"

 -66.11557 ,   43.83651 , "Portable Dial, Yarmouth County Museum, Yarmouth, NS"



sundials.ov2
Description: Binary data


sundials.bmp
Description: Binary data
---
https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial

Re: 25th Anniv. Com. Cadrants Solaires

[Richard Langley]

On Tue, 21 Oct 1997, Conxita  Bou wrote:

> Saturday the 18th was devoted to podium presentations given by the most
> professional representative leaders of opinion in the field. The publication
> "Cadrans Solaires FranÁais CataloguÈs", showing the inventory of about
> 10.000 sundials in different regions of France, has been presented.

Is it available for purchase?  In hard copy or computer-readable form?  If
it's available in either of these formats, could you please pass along the
ordering details.  Thanks.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: log tan calculations on a pocket calculator

[Richard Langley]

On Tue, 24 Jun 1997, Tony Moss wrote:

> As a dial maker and reluctant 'number cruncher' I use computer spreadsheets
> for all my calculations but have had to rely on my old printed six-figure
> tables for one remaining job - the log tan values in the sun's azimuth
> calculation.
> 
> e.g. My printed tables give the log tan of 25ƒ as  9.668 673  Can I use my

9.668 673 = 10 + log tan 25 degrees; i.e., 10 + (-0.331327)

Does that help at all?

> Casio fx 85s Scientific pocket calculator to achieve this result or do I
> need a special type of calculator?  No combination of keystrokes I've tried
> produces anything like that figure and, like Pooh Bear, "my brain is
> starting to hurt".
> 
> What am I doing wrong?
> 
> Hoping someone out there can offer guidance with a 'mystery sundialling
> gift' as a 'thank you' for the first correct solution!!
> 
> Tony


=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Magnetic North Pole

[Richard Langley]

On Fri, 7 Nov 1997, k.schwarzinger wrote:

> Dear all,
> 
> is there in the INTERNET a website, which gives informations
> about the curent value from the declination of the magentic
> North Pole ?
> 
> Are there still informations about the situation of the magnetic
> North Pole ( INTERNET or literature ) ?
> 
> Thanks for any help.
> 
> Regards
> Karl.

http://www.geolab.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag/e_cgrf.html

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Fw: Magnetic North Pole

[Richard Langley]

On Sat, 8 Nov 1997, k.schwarzinger wrote:

> Richard,
> 
> thank you very much for your answer about the magnetic North
> Pole.
> 
> It is very practically to found the magnetic declination for each
> point of the earth and every year.
> 
> I have entered the geographical coordinates of my home :
> Latitude: 47 Degees 14 Min (North) and Longitude: -11 Degrees
> 27 Min (East) and the year 1997.
> I got the message :
> 
> "The magnetic declination in 1997 at Latitude 47 Degees 14 Min
> N  and Longitude -11 Degrees 27 Min W (!) = 0 Degrees
> 40 Min E.
> 
> Why  -11 W (West?) ! Why is 'East' not indicated ? 
> 
> Karl.
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Karl:

It is very common in North America (except in geodetic circles!) to treat west
longitudes as positive.  The software was written primarily for the use of
Canadians hence the sign bias. The geodetic convention is to treat east
longitudes as positive.  Of course, then North Americans would have -66 E! :-) 

By the way, there is another geomagnetic field program that can be accessed on
the Internet.  It's hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey and is available via
telnet: neis.cr.usgs.gov. Log in ID is QED.  This software is not
"North-American-centric."

Here's the information on how to run the on-line program:

GEOMAG provides values of the elements and parameters of the Earth's magnetic
field.  The values are estimates based on mathematical models.  Values of the
following elements and their rates of change are available:

D - Declination (also called compass variation; east declination is
  considered positive, west declination negative)
I - Inclination (also called dip; downward inclination is considered
  positive, upward inclination negative)
H - Horizontal intensity
X - North component
Y - East component
Z - Vertical intensity (considered positive downward, negative upward)
F - Total intensity

Positions of the Magnetic Poles and parameters of the centered and eccentric
geomagnetic dipoles are also available.

You will be prompted to select a field model and to enter the date and
geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevation) of locations of
interest.  If you are unsure of how to respond to any prompt, enter a question
mark (?) to get help.  If you would like the program to back up to the
previous prompt, enter a caret (^) (that is, the SHIFTed-6 key, not the
UP-ARROW key).  If a default response (shown in brackets) is available and is
suitable, you may select it simply by pressing RETURN.  To quit the program,
press CTRL-Z (hold down the Control key and press Z). 

(Reminder:  Enter  for help, <^> to back up,  to quit.)

Options:
  1 = Field Values (D, I, H, X, Y, Z, F)
  2 = Magnetic Pole Positions
  3 = Dipole Axis and Magnitude
  4 = Magnetic Center 

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: A New Book

[Richard Langley]

On Wed, 7 Jan 1998, Sam Muller wrote:

> Making a Clock-Accurate Sundial is a new book published by Naturegraph in
> California.  The easy-to-make sundial works to the theoretical limits of
> what a horizontal sundial can do.  One only corrects for the Equation of
> Time to convert to correct local time all year round.  The price is $8.95. 
> It's at Amazon Books, bookstores, or from the publisher at 1 800 390 5353.
> 
> Sam Muller

Sam forgot to tell us that he's the author! :-)  Congratulations!  There's
some info plus a book review at
http://members.aol.com/Naturgraph/astro.htm
Looks like a bargain at $8.95.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: International Time Zones

[Richard Langley]

On Tue, 16 Jun 1998, Tony Moss wrote:

>Fellow Shadow Watchers,
>   Can anyone tell me when (or if) the system of 
>International Time Zones was formally established/recognized and by what 
>authority?  Did it just evolve from each country's individual needs and 
>interpretations or was there an international conference at some stage?
>
>I have the British Admiralty World Time Zone Chart (5001) revised 1992 
>but the notes thereon give no indication of its origins.
>
>The information is requested for the notes to accompany a public dial and 
>if anyone has this to hand it would save some urgent trawling through 
>reference material.
>
>Thanks in anticipation,
>
>
>Tony Moss

The International Meridian Conference held in Washington, D.C. in 1884
established the zero meridian and the universal day but I don't think it
specifically adopted the system of zones, which, in North America at least,
was already in use by the railways.

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Time Zone Names

[Richard Langley]

Sanford Fleming's original proposal had the zones lettered A through Y
(omitting J) starting with the zone whose central meridian is at 165 degrees E
(the first zone to see the "new" day) and proceeding to the west.  You can see
this lettering scheme in Rex Woods's painting of Sanford Fleming giving his
lecture on standard time to the Canada Institute in 1879.  I've put a PDF file
showing a scan of a B&W reproduction of the painting on one of our servers.
The URL for the file is
<http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/sundials/Sanford_Fleming.pdf>.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation


On Sun, 21 Jun 1998, Gordon Uber wrote:

>Thibaud,
>
>As far as I can tell, NIST, and Howse using the Admiralty Chart 5006, use the
>notation you are familiar with.  Perhaps there is a reversed notation using
>lower-case letters.  I sent a query to the Webmaster of Greenwich 2000, and
>will let the list know if there is a response.
>
>Thank you for calling my attention to this matter.
>
>Gordon
>
>
>At 10:40 AM 6/21/98 +0200, Thibaud Taudin-Chabot wrote:
>>I checked that page. 
>>When I was in the (Dutch) Navy we were living in Alpha zone. According the
>>table I am now living in November zone. Also in my time zone Juliet did not
>>excist.
>>
>>I checked my (old) books and there it was:
>>'Zones to the eastward are letterd A to M (J is omitted), those to the
>>westward being letterd N to Y.'
>>(Admirality Manual of Navigation, Vol I, 1970, page 359)
>>
>>Are those names changed in the meantime?
>>
>>
>>
>>At 09:26 20-6-98 -0700, you wrote:
>>>The following page has names for most time zones.
>>>
>>>http://time.greenwich2000.com/time/info/timezone.htm
>
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: your mail

[Richard Langley]

On Thu, 9 Jul 1998 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

>Dear friends,
>
>I am working on a translation of an Italian text in the English =3D
>language, and I found a little big problem, I'm looking for translate a =3D
>word that I can't find in my three English dictionaries. I can' find the =
>=3D
>names of the other two parts of a degree. In Italy we call them 'grado' =3D
>(degree) with symbol ( =3DB0 ), then 'primo' with symbol ( ' ), then =3D
>'secondo' with symbol ( " ).
>Would someone of you help me giving me the right translation of the =3D
>'primo' and 'secondo' in the angle value meaning?
>
>Thanks a lot since now
>
>Mario

In English, we use the same words as for the division of time: one sixtieth of
a degree is a minute and one sixtieth of a minute is a second.  Of course,
this can be confusing, so we often modify these words with the word "arc";
i.e., "arc minute" and "arc second" especially when we are discussing time
and angles in the same body of work. We use the prime symbol for an arc
minute and the double prime symbol for the arc second. These symbols should
not be used for minutes and seconds of time.

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: Radius of the Earth

[Richard Langley]

The prime vertical radius of curvature of the ellipsoid (the radius of the
osculating circle in the east-west direction) is given by

 a^2
N = ---
(a^2 * (cos phi)^2 + b^2 * (sin phi)^2)^0.5

The ellipsoid of the Geodetic Reference System 1980 has

a = 6 378 137 metres
b = 6 356 752 metres (to the nearest metre).

In computing the distance to the horizon, if you want the visibile horizon (as
opposed to the geometric one), you should take refraction into account.

-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation



where a and b are the semimajor and semiminor axes of the ellipsoid and phi is
the geodetic latitude.

On Mon, 3 Aug 1998, Tony Moss wrote:

>Fellow Shadow Watchers,
>   Information boards are being prepared for a 
> nearly-completed large dial on a hill near the Northumberland (UK) coast 
> which is 94 metres above mean sea level at Latitude  55ƒ 1' 38" North  
> Longitude  1ƒ 30' 16" West.
>
> The latest question is "How far away is the sea horizon?"  School geography 
> taught me that the earth is an 'oblate speroid' so I suppose the true 
> distance varies slightly depending on the direction in which the observer is 
> looking but so little as to be unimportant perhaps?  The sea is only visible 
> in a generally easterly direction.
>
>Can any list member supply the mean sea level radius of the earth at this 
>location on which to base the necessary trig calculation plus any subtleties I 
>may have overlooked as I don't have ready access to specialist reference 
>material of this sort.
>
>With thanks in anticipation of any helpful response.
>
>Tony Moss
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. Langley Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory   BITnet:   [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:(506) 453-5142
 University of New BrunswickFAX:  (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3 Telex:014-46202 
  Fredericton?  Where's that? See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: magnetic variation software

[Richard Langley]

The magnetic declination changes slowly with time. The Geological Survey of
Canada's on-line magnetic declination calculator gives for your coordinates:
1995  10d 11m W
1998  10d 22m W
2000  10d 30m W
You can get a DOS or Windows program for do-it-yourself use at
http://geomag.usgs.gov/
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation


On Wed, 11 Nov 1998, Greg Milsom wrote:

>Is anyone aware of a shareware or freeware program available on the web
>that will compute the magnetic variation for various Longitude and
>Latitude coordinates? I am trying to orient my homemade dial and come up
>with slightly different variations depending on who I talk to.  Anywhere
>from 9d W to 10.7d W.  My coordinates are 39d N and 77d W.  Is there a
>'simple' or maybe not so simple formula that I could program an Excel
>spreadsheet to calculate. Thanks.
>-- 
>
>Fiddler's Green
>We Design and Install Renewable Energy Systems
>"Solar Energy...Live the Good Life!"
>Greg Milsom, Owner
>PO Box 1200
>Bowie,  Maryland  20718
>Phone/Fax:  (301) 210-7669
>http://www.radix.net/~green
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: learn something new every day

[Richard Langley]

Be cautious when using any geomagnetic declination information.  There are
both spatial and short-term temporal variations not accounted for by model
magnetic fields.  The r.m.s. value for a predicted declination is typically
better than 0.5 degrees but the actual error at a given location and time
could be larger and is influenced by local geology, cultural features and
activity, and ionospheric and magnetospheric processes.  While a compass might
be useful for initial orientation of a sundial, satellite dish, etc., final
alignment is best done using the "signal" itself whether it be a TV picture or
the sun's shadow.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation


On Thu, 12 Nov 1998, Fernando Cabral wrote:

>
>
>Peter Mayer wrote:
>
>> On 11/11/98 Greg Milsom wrote,
>> >Today I learned that one of the reasons my new dial was not as exact as
>> >I had hoped was because the magnetic variation I was using to align the
>> >dial was several years old and that magnetic variation does in fact
>> >change over time.
>
>You can get precise magnetic declination from several sites in the Internet.In
>the end of this message I put a message from Tom McHugh that
>points toward geomag, a DOS-based program that calculates the
>magnetic declination for several years, any coordenates.
>
>I think among the the URLs I used are: http://geomag.usgs.gov/
>
>On the other hand, I don't think I would use a magnetic compass
>to orient a sundial. I think it is too error prone. I would use the
>sun itself instead.
>
>I don't know your coordenates and I can not get any hints from your
>e-mail address (since it is not based on the ISO (country) schema).
>If you are in the Northen Hemisphere, this is a good season to
>find the North/South line using the sun since it is now approaching the
>tropic in the Southern Hemisphere (Capricorn) and it moon shadow
>in the Northen Hemisphere is quite long.
>
>Here is what I would do: use Luke's sun calculator to find
>the transit time at your longitude.http://www.gcstudio.com/suncalc.html
>
>Put a short, vertical gnomon. Make sure it is really vertical.
>With a precise watch mark the shadow at transit time. The
>sun will be due South, the shadow points towards the North.
>
>> Dear Greg,
>> It does change, alas.  A while ago I created an Excel spreadsheet,
>> based on the equations in Meus' book which seemed to get correct answers.
>> I only set it up to calculate single days, but that could be modified.
>> Since it was created solely for my own amusement, it comes with little or
>> no documentation, but if you want to play with it, let me know (and what
>> encoding standard your e-mail browser uses) and I can try to send it to
>> you.
>>
>
>Peter
>
>I am interested in this Excel Spreadsheet. I am right now implementing
>fer j. de vries' algorithms (http://iaehv.nl/users/ferdv/definit.htm). One of
>the
>problems I have is checking every step.
>So, a spreadsheet like your may be useful for me to check the results of
>my program.
>
>
>> Peter Mayer
>>
>> --
>> Peter Mayer | [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>> Politics Department | 'phone:+61.8 8303 5606/5610
>> University of Adelaide  | FAX: (+61.8) 8303 3446
>> Adelaide, SA 5005   | Time Zone: GMT +9.5 hrs (April-October)
>> AUSTRALIA   |GMT +10.5 hrs(November-March)
>> --
>
>
>Subject:
>Fw: Fw: Magnetic North Pole
>   Date:
>Mon, 28 Sep 98 21:11:26 -0400 (EST)
>  From:
>"Tom Mchugh" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>To:
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> References:
>1 , 2
>
>
>
>
>Fernando,
>
>I found these e-mails on the subject of magnetic north, dating
>from November last year (see quoted material below).  I hope
>this helps you
>
>Tom McHugh
>
>R. R. 1, Box 896
>Fort Fairfield, ME 04742
>USA
>
>46N45' 13"
>67W48' 42"
>
>
>
>
>**
>--
>> Date: Saturday, November 08, 1997 15:25:45
>> From: Richard Langley
>> To: k.schwarzinger
>> Cc: Sundial List
>> Subject: Re: Fw: Magnetic North Pole
>>
>> On Sat, 8 Nov 1997, k.schwarzinger wrote:
>>
>> > Richard,
>> >
>> > thank you very much for your answer about the magnetic North
>> > Pole.
>> >

Re: GPS under interference?

[Richard Langley]

GPS has been under "Selective Availability" since it was declared operational.
This limits horizontal positional accuracy to 100 metres at the 95% confidence
level.  See http://www.cnde.iastate.edu/staff/swormley/gps/check_sa.html for
more info.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation


On Mon, 21 Dec 1998, Fernando Cabral wrote:

>Hello
>
>
>This morning I was trying to set my watch using my GPS. Taking a fix in
>my
>backyard I noticed the position reported was displaced about
>100 meters to the East (Latitude was the same). It aroused my
>curiosity. I took the GPS to my office and read it again.
>I found about 80 meters to the East again.
>
>This error seemed too big and too systematic to be taken
>as an accident. Could it be the case that the American
>government is lowering the GPS precision because of
>the war? Has any one noticed any similar behaviour?
>
>- fernando
>
>
>--
>Fernando Cabral Padrao iX Sistemas Abertos
>mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]  http://www.pix.com.br
>mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>Fone: +55 61 321-2433   Fax: +55 61 225-3082
>15? 45' 04.9" S 47? 49' 58.6" W
>19? 37' 57.0" S 45? 17' 13.6" W
>
>
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: GPS under interference?

[Richard Langley]

Remember, SA is a quasi-random variation.  Sometimes, the instantaneous SA
error is 0.  Did you monitor the position for at least 15 minutes?  To the
best of my knowledge, the U.S. military no longer has the need to turn off SA 
durirng operations.
-- Richard Langley
   Professor of Geodesy and Precision Navigation

On Mon, 21 Dec 1998 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

>
>On Mon, 21 Dec 1998, Fernando Cabral <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>>...This error seemed too big and too systematic to be taken
>>as an accident. Could it be the case that the American
>>government is lowering the GPS precision because of
>>the war? Has any one noticed any similar behaviour?
>
>Hi Fernando,
>
>I had the same thought, so last week in the first hours of the bombing I 
>checked 
>my own GPS receiver.  I found the GPS position to agree perfectly with the 
>topographic map position of my backyard (to the nearest arcsecond in both 
>coordinates, the limit of the display).  Usually one of the numbers differs in 
>the last digit, but not that night!
>
>-- Roger
> **
> |  Roger W. Sinnott  |
> |  Associate Editor  |
> |  Sky &  Telescope  |
> **
>


=== 
 Richard B. LangleyE-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]  
 Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142  
 University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943  
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
 Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
=== 

Re: longest uninterupted meridian line in the world

[Richard Langley]

?I suppose it depends on what "uninterrupted" means. Of course, there is the 
famous Paris meridian line starting at the observatory that goes for many km 
but outside the observatory grounds, it is only marked by medallions here and 
there I think. And I forget (I have been there) whether on the observatory 
grounds there is a continuous strip or something similar.

-- Richard Langley


-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: 
http://gge.unb.ca<http://gge.unb.ca/>  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: 
http://www.fredericton.ca/<https://unbmail.unb.ca/owa/redir.aspx?C=tVxi5OaRXE2jUmSNTu0wE7USusV6L9AIh-TKOqhq1DE--EjKeq-SUal8Myg-FGJn53Gm890SFIc.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.fredericton.ca%2f>
   |
-

From: sundial  on behalf of Willy Leenders 

Sent: Wednesday, December 9, 2015 2:15 PM
To: Sundial sundiallist
Subject: longest uninterupted meridian line in the world

Hj all,

In a herb garden in Hasselt (Belgium) is a meridian line of 90 meters.
At one end it is enclosed by a analematic sundial.
The meridian line will be extended to 230 meters
Does anyone know a uninterupted meridian line that is longer than 200 meters?
There are plans to propose placing the meridian line in Guinness World Records.

Willy Leenders
Hasselt in Flanders (Belgium)

Visit my website about the sundials in the province of Limburg (Flanders) with 
a section 'worth knowing about sundials' (mostly in Dutch): 
http://www.wijzerweb.be


[cid:CD7BA241-D1ED-4A16-92E1-E22279165135@home]

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Re: It's still summer in Sydney (or is it?)

[Richard Langley]

Meteorologists do have a different view (for computational purposes):
http://www.rin.org.uk/newsitem/4457/Farewell-Winter
-- Richard Langley

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-


From: sundial  on behalf of John Pickard 

Sent: Sunday, March 6, 2016 6:52 PM
To: Sundial List
Subject: It's still summer in Sydney (or is it?)

Good morning all (and especially those in the Northern Hemisphere still
stuck in winter),

The following letter appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald (Saturday 5 March
2016, p. 39)

"Still summer in Sydney.

It's hard not to be amused by the apparently genuine surprise expressed this
past week - mainly by television weather presenters - at the high
temperatures being recorded around the country 'in the first week of
autumn'. I'm not sure which authority declared that autumn starts on March
1; however the change of seasons is an immutable astronomical event
resulting from a shift in the earth's axis each three months on the two
equinoxes and the two solstices, which coincide with the human invented
calendar dates of (approximately) March and September 21; and June and
December 21. So it has not been an amazingly hot start to "autumn'; it is
still summer and will be for nearly three more weeks.

Martyn Yeomans, St Ives."


Relying on TV weather presenters for anything other than a forecast taken
directly from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (in our case) is a bit
silly. TV presenters are selected on their good looks (that's why I didn't
make it!), laser-whitened teeth, and their ability to smile while talking
under wet cement. They are never selected on their knowledge of anything.

And yes, it is still summery here, temperatures in high 20s, wall-to-wall
blue sky. Lovely!

Cheers, John

Dr John Pickard
john.pick...@bigpond.com

In a VERY sunny Sydney.

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Re: Sundials near the Equator

[Richard Langley]

There is the huge Quitsato Sundial near Quito. If you Google "Quitsato Sundial" 
and select Images, you'll find some with people in them.
-- Richard Langley

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-


From: sundial  on behalf of David 

Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2016 9:20 AM
To: sundial
Subject: Sundials near the Equator

Dear fellow shadow-watchers...

Can anyone direct me to images of large sundials near to the Equator,
preferably with some element of human involvement?

David Brown
Somerton, Somerset UK

---
This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software.
https://www.avast.com/antivirus

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An Interesting Article on Natural Timekeeping

[Richard Langley]

Villages Must Recalibrate Time to Survive in the Pamir Mountains

Scientists plan projects this year to help a rugged, troubled region of central 
Asia retune traditional timekeeping methods based on environmental cues in the 
face of climate change.

More:
https://eos.org/agu-news/villages-must-recalibrate-time-to-survive-in-the-pamir-mountains

-- Richard Langley

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-
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Re: Amira Willighagen

[Richard Langley]

Thanks, Tony. As one of the judges said at the end of the video, "f***ing 
amazing." Hadn't heard of her before. More here: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amira_Willighagen?

Thanks again.

-- Richard Langley


-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: 
http://gge.unb.ca<http://gge.unb.ca/>  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: 
http://www.fredericton.ca/<https://unbmail.unb.ca/owa/redir.aspx?C=tVxi5OaRXE2jUmSNTu0wE7USusV6L9AIh-TKOqhq1DE--EjKeq-SUal8Myg-FGJn53Gm890SFIc.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.fredericton.ca%2f>
   |
-

From: sundial  on behalf of 
tonylindi...@talktalk.net 
Sent: Monday, May 23, 2016 6:09 AM
To: Sundial List Sundial List
Subject: Amira Willighagen

Hi,
 If you are a 'Sundial Messages Only' person PLEASE IGNORE THIS.  For the 
rest of us here are a few moments of pure and absolute delight (Sound on)

www.youtube.com/embed/ZWpLfncliwU?rel=0<http://www.youtube.com/embed/ZWpLfncliwU?rel=0>


Tony Moss
---
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Re: Amira Willighagen

[Richard Langley]

Google and ye shall find:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amira_Willighagen

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca/ |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-



> On Jun 4, 2016, at 3:53 PM, Richard Mallett  
> wrote:
> 
> On 23/05/2016 10:09, tonylindi...@talktalk.net wrote:
>> Hi,
>>  If you are a 'Sundial Messages Only' person PLEASE IGNORE THIS.  For 
>> the rest of us here are a few moments of pure and absolute delight (Sound on)
>> 
>> www.youtube.com/embed/ZWpLfncliwU?rel=0
>> 
>> 
>> Tony Moss
>> 
>> 
>> ---
>> 
>> https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial
>> 
>> 
>> 
> 
> My first thought was that she was miming, but she clearly was not.  I see 
> that this was dated 2013 - I wonder what she has done   in the three 
> years since then ?
> -- 
> --
> Richard Mallett
> Eaton Bray, Dunstable
> South Beds. UK
> 
> ---
> https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial
> 

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Re: My sundial books

[Richard Langley]

Hi Hal:
Where are you located?
-- Richard Langley
   University of New Brunswick

Sent from my iPhone

On Sep 17, 2016, at 9:27 AM, Hals Email 
mailto:hal2d...@gmail.com>> wrote:

I need some suggestions from the sundial list.  I would like to donate my 
sundial book library of over 100 books, with an estimated value of at least 
$1000.  I have enjoyed using them but now would like to donate them as a unit 
to a college or university library.  However, the recipient would be expected 
to pay shipping costs.  If you have suggestions for a contact I can mail a list 
of these books.

Thank you for your help,

Hal Brandmaier


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Re: Sundial Puzzle Corner

[Richard Langley]

"As far as I know, these days, this
subject isn't taught ANYWHERE in
the UK even in Universities.

Geometry is deemed a useless subject
because 'you don't really need it'."

Might be taught in geomatics programs in the U.K. We certainly teach it in our 
own courses as well as a bespoke course from the Math and Stats Department:
http://www2.unb.ca/gge/Study/Undergraduate/CourseSequence.pdf
http://www.unb.ca/academics/calendar/undergraduate/current/frederictoncourses/mathematics/math-3543.html

-- Richard Langley

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca/ |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-



> On Oct 31, 2016, at 5:50 AM, Frank King  wrote:
> 
> Dear Karl,
> 
> Your idea is not without merit:
> 
>> Wrap the slate with a reflective strip ...
>> Playing around with a laser should find the
>> focii.
> 
> This is sometimes referred to as the
> "Elliptical Billiard Table Problem"...
> 
> If you aim at a focus, the laser path will
> reflect through the other focus and so on.
> Eventually it will settle down into
> running backwards and forwards along the
> major axis BUT...
> 
> If you aim the laser so that its path
> passes OUTSIDE the line joining the
> two foci, the path traced will, after
> an indefinite number of reflections,
> leave a dead area in the centre which
> is ITSELF an ellipse.
> 
> If you aim the laser so that its path
> passes BETWEEN the two foci, the path
> traced will, after an indefinite number
> of bounces, leave two dead areas around
> each end of the major axis.  The inner
> boundaries of these areas are the turning
> points of a hyperbola.
> 
> The real excitement comes if you aim
> the laser so that you get a return to
> the starting point after a finite
> number of reflections.
> 
> You then get a nice pretty pattern.  I
> have knocked up the attached example
> where there are 46 reflections.
> 
> You can prove all this using
> Projective Geometry.  This is a
> delightful subject which includes
> splendid concepts such as "The
> Circular Points at Infinity".
> 
> In the 1950's, Projective Geometry
> was in the UK A-level Mathematics
> syllabus and taught to 17- and
> 18-year olds.
> 
> As far as I know, these days, this
> subject isn't taught ANYWHERE in
> the UK even in Universities.
> 
> Geometry is deemed a useless subject
> because "you don't really need it".
> 
> End of rant.
> 
> Frank
> 
> ---
> https://lists.uni-koeln.de/mailman/listinfo/sundial
> 

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Re: Permanent DST

[Richard Langley]

"Daylight saving time can decrease the frequency of wildlife–vehicle 
collisions" by
William A. Ellis, Sean I. FitzGibbon, Benjamin J. Barth, Amanda C. Niehaus, 
Gwendolyn K. David, Brendan D. Taylor, Helena Matsushige, Alistair Melzer, Fred 
B. Bercovitch, Frank Carrick, Darryl N. Jones, Cathryn Dexter, Amber Gillett, 
Martin Predavec, Dan Lunney, Robbie S. Wilson
Biology Letters, November 2016, Volume 12, issue 11, DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0632

Abstract

Daylight saving time (DST) could reduce collisions with wildlife by changing 
the timing of commuter traffic relative to the behaviour of nocturnal animals. 
To test this idea, we tracked wild koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in southeast 
Queensland, where koalas have declined by 80% in the last 20 years, and 
compared their movements with traffic patterns along roads where they are often 
killed. Using a simple model, we found that DST could decrease collisions with 
koalas by 8% on weekdays and 11% at weekends, simply by shifting the timing of 
traffic relative to darkness. Wildlife conservation and road safety should 
become part of the debate on DST.

-- Richard Langley

P.S. Sorry to prolong the debate, which is only periferally related to 
sundials, but this article (I am not a biologist) just came to my attention.

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca/ |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-



> On Nov 25, 2016, at 2:31 PM, Douglas Bateman  
> wrote:
> 
> Dear Barbara and Augustine,
> 
> I am flattered that you are following this dialogue, and I’m sure Frank is 
> too.
> 
> Frank wishes to wind up the discussion, and this can be my final, and 
> personal, contribution.
> 
> First of all, it is obvious that Frank is both happy to be a very early riser 
> and is prepared to challenge any topic and any assumptions. For example the 
> ‘effective day centred on 3pm’.
> 
> If I rise very early in the summer, I may be enthralled by a sunrise or quiet 
> dawn (and wonder if this is the best part of the day). However, I like to 
> have 8 hours of sleep, AND enjoy long summer evenings, glass in hand. It 
> follows that for most days, I am prepared to sacrifice the early hours, and 
> therefore my day may run from 7am to 10 or 11pm.  3pm is therefore a nominal 
> middle of the waking day. Society in the UK as a whole seems happy with this, 
> and is the basic reason for daylight saving time.
> 
> When winter approaches, the clocks are put back with many grumbles about the 
> darker evenings. Without delving into accident statistics, it is obvious that 
> the risks to school children walking or cycling home in the dark are 
> increased. It is equally obvious that motorists driving home in the dark 
> after a tiring day, and impatient to be home, increase the risks as well, 
> both to themselves and others.
> 
> I’m sure that these opinions, and similar, may have have caused some 
> countries to adopt DST on a permanent basis.
> 
> Ultimately we can define time to be whatever we want it to be, and even 
> ignore the historical convention of noon when the sun is due south, even if 
> this offends some of the sundial enthusiasts.
> 
> Glad to know you have enjoyed the fun, even if there is a serious element.
> 
> Best wishes, Doug
> 
> 
>> On 25 Nov 2016, at 14:41, Barbara and Augustine McCaffrey 
>>  wrote:
>> 
>> Please, I am enjoying and learning from the discussion, so I would prefer 
>> that it continue where I may read it.  Many thanks.  
>> 
>> On Fri, Nov 25, 2016 at 3:22 PM, Frank King  wrote:
>> Dear Doug,
>> 
>> It is probably time to conclude this
>> fascinating discussion so this will
>> be my final public offering (for a
>> while).
>> 
>> > A significant part of my note is
>> > reporting the work of others...
>> 
>> Indeed so.  I am familiar with most
>> of your citations, especially, the
>> report by the Cambridge Engineers.
>> The methodology used was an utter
>> disgrace in my view.
>> 
>> It is exceptionally difficult to
>> find a way of comparing like with
>> like without getting biased results.
>> Also, making predictions, especially
>> economic predictions, is notoriously
>> subject to err

Fw: Leap Second Quiz Question

[Richard Langley]

1.5 seconds? The clock is two seconds fast this morning due to its natural rate 
and the leap second. By the way, did anyone catch the seven pips live on BBC 
Radio 4 last night? Using the BBC's "listen again" feature, none of the other 
BBC radio stations carried the pips at midnight; they all (or mostly all) used 
Big Ben. And the listen again feature for Radio 4 just before midnight is a 
repeat of an earlier program when they announce the time as 5 p.m.!

-- Richard Langley

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-


From: sundial  on behalf of Frank King 

Sent: Sunday, January 1, 2017 8:30 AM
To: sundial@uni-koeln.de
Subject: Leap Second Quiz Question

Dear All,

I hope you all enjoyed the extra second
in bed this morning and that your alarm
clock didn't go off one second early.

Here is an easy question to start off
the New Year...

Every Sunday at 08:00 I check the first
stroke of the hour-bell of the University
Clock against a radio-controlled UTC clock.

If it is slow I add coins to the tray on
the pendulum.  If it is fast I remove
coins.  My formula for the required
adjustment includes a figure for:

Last Week's Gain [LWG]

Here are my recent observations:

  25 December   clock 0.5 seconds fast
   1 Januaryclock 2.0 seconds fast

Is the appropriate figure for LWG:

a) 0.5 seconds
b) 1.5 seconds
c) 2.5 seconds

Frank

Frank H. King
Keeper of the University Clock
Cambridge, U.K.


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Re: Fw: Leap Second Quiz Question

[Richard Langley]

?Yes, perhaps 0.5 seconds is it. Last Sunday it was 0.5 seconds fast and Frank 
did something with the coins to change its rate. This Sunday it is 1 second 
fast, discounting the leap second. So, the clock gained an additional 0.5 
seconds in the week. Did I get it right this time? More/fewer coins needed? ;-)


-- Richard Langley


-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: 
http://gge.unb.ca<http://gge.unb.ca/>  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: 
http://www.fredericton.ca/<https://unbmail.unb.ca/owa/redir.aspx?C=tVxi5OaRXE2jUmSNTu0wE7USusV6L9AIh-TKOqhq1DE--EjKeq-SUal8Myg-FGJn53Gm890SFIc.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.fredericton.ca%2f>
   |
-

From: Patrick Vyvyan 
Sent: Sunday, January 1, 2017 9:54 AM
To: Richard Langley
Subject: Re: Fw: Leap Second Quiz Question

0.5 seconds for me!

It's not exactly the fault of your clock's mechanism that due to the foibles of 
the IERS, the rules of the game have been changed. Every time a government 
decides to apply or remove DST, for example, I doubt you would say the clock 
had gained or lost 60 minutes?


Patrick Vyvyan
Presidente
Corporación Cultural de Putaendo
[http://banners.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/banner/ban/wxBanner?bannertype=wxstnsticker_both&weatherstationcount=IVALPARA7]

On 1 January 2017 at 10:17, Richard Langley mailto:l...@unb.ca>> 
wrote:
1.5 seconds? The clock is two seconds fast this morning due to its natural rate 
and the leap second. By the way, did anyone catch the seven pips live on BBC 
Radio 4 last night? Using the BBC's "listen again" feature, none of the other 
BBC radio stations carried the pips at midnight; they all (or mostly all) used 
Big Ben. And the listen again feature for Radio 4 just before midnight is a 
repeat of an earlier program when they announce the time as 5 p.m.!

-- Richard Langley

-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: 
l...@unb.ca<mailto:l...@unb.ca> |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: http://gge.unb.ca  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 
453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 
453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/   |
-


From: sundial 
mailto:sundial-boun...@uni-koeln.de>> on behalf 
of Frank King mailto:f...@cl.cam.ac.uk>>
Sent: Sunday, January 1, 2017 8:30 AM
To: sundial@uni-koeln.de<mailto:sundial@uni-koeln.de>
Subject: Leap Second Quiz Question

Dear All,

I hope you all enjoyed the extra second
in bed this morning and that your alarm
clock didn't go off one second early.

Here is an easy question to start off
the New Year...

Every Sunday at 08:00 I check the first
stroke of the hour-bell of the University
Clock against a radio-controlled UTC clock.

If it is slow I add coins to the tray on
the pendulum.  If it is fast I remove
coins.  My formula for the required
adjustment includes a figure for:

Last Week's Gain [LWG]

Here are my recent observations:

  25 December   clock 0.5 seconds fast
   1 Januaryclock 2.0 seconds fast

Is the appropriate figure for LWG:

a) 0.5 seconds
b) 1.5 seconds
c) 2.5 seconds

Frank

Frank H. King
Keeper of the University Clock
Cambridge, U.K.


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---
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Re: Leap Second Quiz Question

[Richard Langley]

The angular momentum of the Earth-moon system has to be conserved, so if the 
Earth's rotation slows more, then the moon speeds up in its orbit and moves 
further away from the Earth. Currently, as a result of the ongoing secular 
deceleration of the Earth (due to tidal friction), the moon moves about 2 cm 
further away each year. This was confirmed by lunar laser ranging -- an area I 
worked in for my postdoctoral studies way back when. Tidal friction is a 
primary reason for leap seconds, to bring us full circle. This is what I wrote 
for the previous leap second:

http://www2.unb.ca/gge/Resources/LeapSecond2015.pdf


-- Richard Langley


-
| Richard B. LangleyE-mail: l...@unb.ca |
| Geodetic Research Laboratory  Web: 
http://gge.unb.ca<http://gge.unb.ca/>  |
| Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringPhone:+1 506 453-5142   |
| University of New Brunswick   Fax:  +1 506 453-4943   |
| Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3|
|Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: 
http://www.fredericton.ca/<https://unbmail.unb.ca/owa/redir.aspx?C=tVxi5OaRXE2jUmSNTu0wE7USusV6L9AIh-TKOqhq1DE--EjKeq-SUal8Myg-FGJn53Gm890SFIc.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.fredericton.ca%2f>
   |
-

From: sundial  on behalf of Dave Bell 

Sent: Sunday, January 1, 2017 2:24 PM
To: 'David'; sundial@uni-koeln.de
Subject: RE: Leap Second Quiz Question

Logically, tidal power should slow the Earth’s rotation.
Mechanical energy, imparted by the combined gravitation of the Sun and Moon is 
converted to electrical energy, then primarily dissipated as heat. Drag applied 
to the tidal surge must, to some extent, add drag to the Earth’s rotation.

Now, does the extracted energy also slow the Moon’s revolution about the Earth?

Dave

From: sundial [mailto:sundial-boun...@uni-koeln.de] On Behalf Of David
Sent: Sunday, January 1, 2017 7:19 AM
To: sundial@uni-koeln.de
Subject: Re: Leap Second Quiz Question

On 01/01/2017 12:30, Frank King wrote:

Dear All,



I hope you all enjoyed the extra second

in bed this morning and that your alarm

clock didn't go off one second early.



Here is an easy question to start off

the New Year...



Every Sunday at 08:00 I check the first

stroke of the hour-bell of the University

Clock against a radio-controlled UTC clock.



If it is slow I add coins to the tray on

the pendulum.  If it is fast I remove

coins.  My formula for the required

adjustment includes a figure for:



Last Week's Gain [LWG]



Here are my recent observations:



  25 December   clock 0.5 seconds fast

   1 Januaryclock 2.0 seconds fast



Is the appropriate figure for LWG:



a) 0.5 seconds

b) 1.5 seconds

c) 2.5 seconds



Frank



Frank H. King

Keeper of the University Clock

Cambridge, U.K.





---

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Dear Frank,

Happy New Year! I am sorry to hear that it starts with a problem for you albeit 
one of the horological kind, so that removes the pain.

I am somewhat puzzled, too.

You say:
Every Sunday at 08:00 I check the first stroke of the hour-bell of the 
University Clock against a radio-controlled UTC clock. If it is slow I add 
coins to the tray on the pendulum. If it is fast I remove coins.

Does the 'it' at the beginning of your second par. refer to the University 
clock?
If so, then if it is slow (i.e. rings after the UTC clock says it should), then 
its pendulum is too long (C.G. too low), so needs shortening. So coins need to 
be removed, not added. This assumes that the place where you add/remove the 
coins is below the current C.G.

As to the main question, between 25/12 and 1/1, the clock appears to have 
gained 1.5 s. But the UTC clock has added a second, so the University clock has 
gained only 0.5 s so the LWG is 0.5 s. In any case, if the clock has not been 
tampered with, it is unlikely that the University clock will have changed its 
previous LWG of 0.5 s to 1.5 or even 2.5 s in the space of a week. So I'll go 
for 0.5 s as the correct answer.
David.







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