Re: [biofuel] DMFC - Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

[murdoch]

Methanol... "wood alcohol" is arguably something that can be
derived as a biofuel even if present-day manufacturing is often from
fossil fuels.

Thx for this article.  I think/hope we are getting closer and closer
to trying such a device in public.  I'm a little concerned about
Methanol's hazardous health effects if distributed so widely as an
everyday chemical for billions of people to use.

The thing with DMFC is the high-power isn't there.  So, I don't think
you see attempts at it too often in vehicular fuel cells, but you do
see it with these low-power-requirement devices.

If you do see DMFC with vehicles, maybe it's with a higher-power
device, such as a battery or other technology, that can overcome the
lack of high power delivery (e.g.: low wattage)?

On Sat, 13 Mar 2004 20:53:34 +0545, you wrote:

>Not really a biofuel but I found it interesting.
>
>http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=4845
>
>Exctract:
>Japan, Mar 5, 2003 - (JCN Newswire) - Toshiba Corporation today announced the 
>world's first prototype of a small form factor direct methanol fuel cell 
>(DMFC) for portable PCs, a clean energy breakthrough with the potential to end 
>reliance on rechargeable batteries. The new fuel cell currently realizes 
>average output of 12W and maximum output of 20W, and can achieve approximately 
>five hours of operation with a single cartridge of fuel. It provides instant 
>power supply, and achieves significant advances in operating times with 
>replaceable methanol cartridges.
>
>Toshiba will present the DMFC at CeBIT in Hannover, Germany from March 12 to 
>19.
>etc 
>
>Olivier
>
>
>[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
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>
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Re: [biofuel] Electricity storage solutions.

[Hakan Falk]

MM,

It is an option worth exploiting in the cases where it is possible. I got 
enough
feedback, to say that it is valid in all EU countries with off peak 
tariffs, which
are almost all. The picture is not clear in US, other than that in some states
it is a valid option. Disbursed storage, as in this case, also have some real
benefits for the producers. It shifts some investment capital to the users and
is also positive in balancing the grid, which all is good "ready for use"
applications..

Hakan

At 16:29 13/03/2004, you wrote:
> >The reason why I ask, is to know what could be gained by only a storage
> >solution, by utilizing rate differences. If you have low rate prices, they
> >are normally 50-60% lower than normal rates. With a battery storage
> >solution, would it be feasible to charge during discounted time and that
> >way reduce over all electricity costs?
>
>In addition to what I mentioned in email:
>
>
>As I thought about it some more, I understood this better, and this
>idea intruiged me.  Sort of like "economic load leveling" for the
>home... running the storge in reverse, getting it for storage partly
>from the grid instead of from harvesting home-based solar or wind.
>
>
>The base-level quoted to me for my house was a very rough estimate of
>$4500 for the least expensive form of Lead-Based battery.  My home
>uses about 20 kWh per day at present, with no other energy use (I have
>not hooked up propane) outside of power to get the water to me from
>the city well and I guess gasoline for my car.  I think this was for
>about 60 kWh (3 days) of total storage capability, but it's hard to
>say.  I am not buying any storage at present because I'm not going
>off-grid, and so these quick-estimates were just for my curiousity...
>hence some of my spotty recollection.
>
>The place that quoted me this also sold two other more-expensive
>lead-based battery chemistries, Gel-Cells and AGM.  They did not sell
>non-Lead-Based chemistries (NiCD, NiMH, etc.).
>
>The AGM would be about 3x more expensive with GEl-Cell somewhere in
>between the AGM and the base-level.  Battery life of base-level
>chemistry was 5-7 years (I think?) and of AGM was "up to" 20 years?
>but maybe about 15?  There was some remark, also, about Gel-Cells not
>being as suited to load leveling.  This was a quick-conversation that
>was not on-topic for my present purposes, so that's basically why I'm
>having trouble remembering some of the details.
>
>Anyway, your idea is an intruiging one.
>
>As a general rule the saleswoman volunteered to me that this Utility
>didn't mind me generating some of my PV and being grid-tied as long as
>I didn't try to go into competition with them.  So, the deals around
>here give me a very good price for my electricity (theoretically...
>very few people have gone with PV) up until I satisfy all my house's
>needs and the net metering is at zero).  From there the deal is for
>nothing.  They won't allow me to sell them more kWh than I buy from
>them, or something like that.  So, with your idea, this might
>encourage people to draw from the utility rather than send Electricity
>to it, so maybe they'd encourage it?




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[biofuel] Environmentalists defend Calif's MTBE ban in NAFTA lawsuit

[Keith Addison]

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2004/03/10/s
 
tate2109EST0202.DTL

Environmentalists defend Calif's MTBE ban in NAFTA lawsuit

TERENCE CHEA, Associated Press Writer
Wednesday, March 10, 2004
 

(03-10) 18:09 PST SAN FRANCISCO (AP) --

Environmental groups on Wednesday defended California's right to ban 
the gasoline additive MTBE after a Canadian firm sued the United 
States over the state's environmental regulation.

Methanex Corp., a Vancouver-based maker of an MTBE component called 
methanol, filed a $970 million suit in 1999 under the North American 
Free Trade Agreement. The firm claimed the MTBE ban was meant to 
remove foreign competition for U.S. producers of ethanol, a potential 
MTBE substitute.

Methanex wants to be compensated for lost profits and business 
opportunities it says resulted from California's ban, which went into 
effect this year. Such so-called "investment protection" lawsuits are 
permitted under NAFTA rules.

Oakland-based Earthjustice presented its arguments to the NAFTA 
dispute resolution panel in Washington, D.C., claiming that 
California and other governments have the right to regulate to 
protect public health and the environment.

"Methanex's claim undermines the ability of governments to regulate," 
said Martin Wagner, an Earthjustice attorney who wrote the legal 
brief. "If Methanex succeeds, governments will be discouraged from 
regulating to protect important public values in the future."

Methanex officials did not immediately return calls seeking comment.

MTBE, or methyl tertiary-butyl ether, is a gasoline additive designed 
to lower air pollution. In 1999, California Gov. Gray Davis ordered a 
phase-out of MTBE because it contaminated drinking water and studies 
showed it may cause cancer.

Earthjustice represented Bluewater Network and Communities for a 
Better Environment -- two groups that lobbied for California's MTBE 
ban_ and the Center for International Environmental Law. Despite 
objections by Methanex, the environmental groups obtained the 
permission to present their arguments to the panel.

The panel has set a hearing for June 7 and is expected to make a 
ruling on Methanex's claim late this year or early next year.

On the Net:

Earthjustice: www.earthjustice.org/

Methanex: www.methanex.com/

Get 50% off home delivery of the Chronicle for 12 weeks! 
…Q004 Associated Press


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[biofuel] A classic post on homesteading

[Keith Addison]

Fwd from the Homestead List - K


>Date: Fri, 12 Mar 2004 18:22:46 -0800
>From: Tvoivozhd <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>To: "Homestead mailing list" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>Subject: Re: Is this a Homestead List?
>
>Clint Novak wrote:
>
>>Personally I like all the discussions, but I am curious.  What does
>>homesteading mean to some of you folks on the list?  I'm working toward
>>buying some property out in the boonies, putting up solar electric and
>>heating, possibly a small wind generator, but it's a ways off now.  Any
>>comments or clarifications, I'm interested.
>>
>>Clint
>>
>>
>>
>tvoivozhd---as I said before, building a mostly self-sufficient 
>rural homestead is the most drastic political statement you can 
>make---providing you really do it.
>
>It is exactly like starting a successful business---think out all 
>the necessary elements, their sequence, and get started.  Setting up 
>a calendar with a list of events that should occur in sequence---in 
>the construction business it is called the "Critical Path 
>Method"---to economize on time and cost, some of the events can 
>occur simultaneosly during the path of their projected sequence, 
>hence the name Critical Path Method.
>
>These events have to be achievable---otherwise you establish a 
>pattern of failure instead of a pattern of success.
>
>Your best bet is to start with the real estate most favorable for 
>your means and what I used to regard until recently as survivalist 
>paranoia.  Add to the usual real estate factors of year-around 
>springs and creeks, a location that would be livable and productive 
>after a climate change and soaring energy costs.  Do some research 
>on the former, and have at least a fifteen acre woodlot for the 
>latter.  Trees are the cheapest set and forget solar collector, and 
>a big pond the best set and forget producer of cheap protein for the 
>table---fishing will also provide some recreation which you are apt 
>to need.
>
>The first thing after buying suitable land is to build a 
>workshop---live in it temporarily if you have to, though my advice 
>is to buy a distress mobile home---they are constantly being evicted 
>from trailer parks for the sin of being over five years old.  They 
>are like instant dehydrated housing---add a little soap and water, a 
>spring or well, a composting toilet (Biolet is a best buy) to avoid 
>the cost and operating nuisance of flush toilets and septic tanks.
>
>I see these distress mobile homes all the time here in a city of 
>about 90,000 people-- good choices for $1000.  When you are done 
>with one, if you want to, you can recapture all of your investment, 
>maybe even turn a profit on resale..
>
>After solving the problem of temporary onsite housing, build a 
>workshop to house your tools. construction library, and construction 
>materials.  Insure the damned things against theft, vandalism, fire, 
>windstorm and liability---it has saved my hind end on many occasions.
>Learn all you can about tools and construction early---everything 
>you need can be obtained for free at your local library or on 
>interlibrary loan.  Wouldn't hurt to strike up an acquaintance with 
>a good building contractor and watch his employees land 
>subcontractors like a hawk.  For starters, read all of the Ken Kern 
>books on the nuts and bolts of various types of construction, and 
>Christopher Alexander on a Pattern Language to maximize livability 
>in a structure.  Toward the same end, look at all the later Frank 
>Lloyd Wright designs (avoid the Indiana Box with 90-degree corners, 
>eliminate unnecessaru which constrict views and induce 
>claustrophobia as a cause for divorce)  Others are Alfred Browning 
>Parker designs and those of Allen Dow.  Bad house design costs as 
>much as good house design---don't waste money on bad design.
>
>To save money, use onsite materials as much as possible---wood from 
>your woodlot, the dirt under your feet in the form of adobe or CEB 
>(compressed earthen block).  Use a wide roof overhang if you want it 
>to last forever.
>
>I can't emphasize this too much for everyone living in a rural 
>area---FIREPROOF YOUR NEW HOUSE..  Never, ever use cedar or asphalt 
>shingles---a standing-seam metal roof outlasts anything else and 
>will survive a shower of unwanted sparks from a blazing National 
>Forest or unused hayfield.  Corrugated sheet metal works as well for 
>roof and exterior walls, is much cheaper and doesn't look quite so 
>nice.  Well, maybe not, I've seen some very nice looking housed in 
>East Texas using corrugated enameled steel roofs and wall siding. 
>If you are really in a high risk area for forest fire, a roof and 
>wall sprinkler system is the best fire insurance you can buy---it 
>will get a twenty percent or more premium reduction  from your 
>swindling insurance company---always better to avoid fire than fight 
>the inevitable fight with the insurance company if your house burns 
>down.  They won't be happy, and you won't be happy unless you have a 
>w

[biofuel] Ethanol Racing Info

[murdoch]

Rico:

Thanks for this information.  I will keep my open on the web for the
supplier and other information.

MM


On Wed, 10 Mar 2004 11:29:05 -0800 (PST), you wrote:

>hi,  
>part time racer here.drag racing has a whole class of cars and events that run 
>on nothing but ethanol.they would probably would have no problem buying 
>locally if they could be assured of a consistant product,free of any 
>contaminnants,all across the country.to assure a level playing field.they 
>usually pick one supplier at the start of the season and he supplies all 
>races.if there is any cheating it can quickly found by comparing the supplied 
>fuel with the racers sample. 

>murdoch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Thanks.  I particularly like getting these first-handed accounts.  Me,
>I used to live in Califronia.  Now I live in AZ.
>
>Tie-ing this in with the racing fuel discussion, with this handy list
>you provide of ethanol plants, it would be nice if a racing series
>would take a look at it, and, if some racing events are held not too
>far from ethanol production, they could make a point of using
>locally-made (locally-grown) fuel.  This would put money back into the
>local economies, rather than sourcing all the fuel and the processing
>of it from out of state and perhaps out-of-country.  This could also
>be done with electricity of course, as a racing fuel, for hybrid
>racers or EV racers.



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[biofuel] Robot Race Ends As All Entries Break Down

[murdoch]

Here is the concluding news story to this round of efforts: 

http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=519&ncid=718&e=7&u=/ap/20040313/ap_on_re_us/robot_race

Robot Race Ends As All Entries Break Down
12 minutes ago  Add U.S. National - AP to My Yahoo! 
 

By ANDREW BRIDGES, Associated Press Writer 

BARSTOW, Calif. - A $1 million race across the Mojave Desert by
driverless robots ended Saturday after all 15 entries either broke
down or withdrew, a race official said. 
   

Two of the entries covered about seven miles of the roughly 150-mile
course while eight failed to make it to the one-mile mark. Others
crashed seconds after starting. 


[etc.]


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[biofuel] Environmental Defense.

[Sid4Salmon]

Dear Fellows and Friends:

You may wish to read the full article at;

http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?ContentID=3571

Best regards,
Sid
Oregon, USA

Thanks in part to the dogged efforts of Environmental Defense, the California 
Air Resources Board (CARB) unanimously approved a measure in late February to 
regulate harmful diesel emissions from back-up generators (BUGs).








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[biofuel] DMFC - Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

[Olivier Morf]

Not really a biofuel but I found it interesting.

http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=4845

Exctract:
Japan, Mar 5, 2003 - (JCN Newswire) - Toshiba Corporation today announced the 
world's first prototype of a small form factor direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) 
for portable PCs, a clean energy breakthrough with the potential to end 
reliance on rechargeable batteries. The new fuel cell currently realizes 
average output of 12W and maximum output of 20W, and can achieve approximately 
five hours of operation with a single cartridge of fuel. It provides instant 
power supply, and achieves significant advances in operating times with 
replaceable methanol cartridges.

Toshiba will present the DMFC at CeBIT in Hannover, Germany from March 12 to 19.
etc 

Olivier


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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Re: [biofuel] Semi tractors & bio or SVO

[robert luis rabello]

Brett Dobmeier wrote:

> Has anyone had experience or know of anything about running semi tractors 
> with the big 400 to 600 hp Cat, Detroit, or Cummins engines on bio diesel or 
> SVO.

I have heard rumors about this, but haven't spoken to anyone with any 
practical experience.  The newer engines' fuel management parameters can be 
adjusted using a laptop computer, which could make such a conversion even more 
efficient than is characteristic for automobiles.

>  Would they be any different than running a car diesel engine on bio or SVO?

It shouldn't be much different.  However, rebuilding these engines can cost 
more than $10 000, so I imagine most truck drivers would be very reluctant to 
"experiment" with SVO.  Ed Beggs has cautioned people who own direct injection 
diesels about using SVO until further we develop greater experience and better 
refine the techniques for using SVO on these kinds of engines.

I've thought about a biodiesel filling station for big trucks on many 
occasions.  I'm not sure the petroleum companies would look upon such a thing 
with grace and kindness, but the idea HAS crossed my mind.

>  I only ask because it seems that semi tractors consume LARGE amounts of fuel 
> per year.  I have a friend that drives truck long haul and he is happy and 
> brags about getting 5.7 MPG, and he runs 150K miles plus per year.  Thats 
> over 26,000 gallons of dirty, polluting diesel a year.  And he's only one 
> rig...and theres how many thousands of big rigs on the road.

5.7 mpg sounds like pretty lousy fuel economy, even for a truck.  Most of 
the guys who came to the repair shop I used to run were getting better than 7 
mpg.  Please keep in mind that the market for trucking in North America is so 
competitive it's getting rare to see a truck running on the highway that isn't 
pulling a load.  (The guys who understand the business need to make their 
trucks earn a living everywhere they go!)  Given that these 10 - 12 liter 
engines routinely haul upwards of 20 thousand kilos of freight at about a third 
of the fuel economy typical of a 6 liter "light truck"
engine hauling 10% of that load, I'd say the class 8 trucks on the highway do a 
fairly remarkable job.

As for pollution, it's also very rare to see smoke coming from the stacks 
of a highway truck anymore.  I remember when this was common, but improvements 
in fuel management have nearly eliminated exhaust smoke from the big rigs.  
(It's easy to spot the old machines by looking for stack smoke!)  People 
perceive that diesel engines are inherently dirty because they grew accustomed 
to smoke spewing diesels in years gone by.  Now, however, truck engines burn 
MUCH cleaner than they used to, and could burn even cleaner if we'd get rid of 
our lousy diesel fuel here in North America.  (Why can
the Europeans do this, but we can't?)

Having written this, I read a few years ago that big companies like 
Lockheed Martin and Volvo were working on hybrid diesel electric power trains 
for class 8 trucks.  If fuel prices continue to rise, I bet we'll start seeing 
these new technology machines on the road soon--especially for the "local haul" 
machines that have to deal with a lot of stop and start traffic in the cities.


robert luis rabello
"The Edge of Justice"
Adventure for Your Mind
http://www.1stbooks.com/bookview/9782




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Re: [biofuel] Electricity storage solutions.

[murdoch]

>The reason why I ask, is to know what could be gained by only a storage 
>solution, by utilizing rate differences. If you have low rate prices, they 
>are normally 50-60% lower than normal rates. With a battery storage 
>solution, would it be feasible to charge during discounted time and that 
>way reduce over all electricity costs?

In addition to what I mentioned in email:


As I thought about it some more, I understood this better, and this
idea intruiged me.  Sort of like "economic load leveling" for the
home... running the storge in reverse, getting it for storage partly
from the grid instead of from harvesting home-based solar or wind.


The base-level quoted to me for my house was a very rough estimate of
$4500 for the least expensive form of Lead-Based battery.  My home
uses about 20 kWh per day at present, with no other energy use (I have
not hooked up propane) outside of power to get the water to me from
the city well and I guess gasoline for my car.  I think this was for
about 60 kWh (3 days) of total storage capability, but it's hard to
say.  I am not buying any storage at present because I'm not going
off-grid, and so these quick-estimates were just for my curiousity...
hence some of my spotty recollection.

The place that quoted me this also sold two other more-expensive
lead-based battery chemistries, Gel-Cells and AGM.  They did not sell
non-Lead-Based chemistries (NiCD, NiMH, etc.).  

The AGM would be about 3x more expensive with GEl-Cell somewhere in
between the AGM and the base-level.  Battery life of base-level
chemistry was 5-7 years (I think?) and of AGM was "up to" 20 years?
but maybe about 15?  There was some remark, also, about Gel-Cells not
being as suited to load leveling.  This was a quick-conversation that
was not on-topic for my present purposes, so that's basically why I'm
having trouble remembering some of the details.

Anyway, your idea is an intruiging one.  

As a general rule the saleswoman volunteered to me that this Utility
didn't mind me generating some of my PV and being grid-tied as long as
I didn't try to go into competition with them.  So, the deals around
here give me a very good price for my electricity (theoretically...
very few people have gone with PV) up until I satisfy all my house's
needs and the net metering is at zero).  From there the deal is for
nothing.  They won't allow me to sell them more kWh than I buy from
them, or something like that.  So, with your idea, this might
encourage people to draw from the utility rather than send Electricity
to it, so maybe they'd encourage it?




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[biofuel] Where do you get your waste vegetable oil?

[Mark Finewood]

I am curious about your experiences with finding waste 
vegetable oil?

I have been getting some WVO from a local Chinese restaurant where my 
wife is friends with the owners. I've only gotten about 15 gallons so 
far (about 5 gallons a week) and am getting my supplies together to 
make my first test batch. I will need to find more of a supply of WVO 
than this Chinese restaurant to power my F250 Powerstroke.

- So, where do you get your WVO? i.e. Chinese restaurant, McDonalds, 
other?
- How did you approach the management there? What kind of response 
did you get? Did you walk in the front door and ask for WVO?
- Do you just pick it up in their 5 gallon oil containers or do you 
leave a container of your own?
- Did you set up a schedule with the restaurant?

I'm interested in hearing about your experiences and any 
recommendations you have.

Thanks,
Mark





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[biofuel] ethanol in NE Pa.

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

Hi,

I was just wondering if there are any small time ethanol producers in
North Eastern Pennsyvannia. I would like to produce enough ethanol myself
to run my cars on, but I live in an appartment where I can't. If someone
could help me out, I would greatly appreciate it.

Thanks,
Al





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[biofuel] Re: Connecticut versus Biodiesel

[amrqq]

>It's not about tax revenues,<
C'mon.
The most important concern for state gov't pinheads
is their jurisdiction over tax issues.
They hate things they can't tax.
It would be politically embarrasing for them to say that
they are agaist a 'warm fuzzy' issue like using waste fryer
oil in a car.
.
So they don't. So they figure out other way to get what
they want. So they send the 'diesel testing nazis' everywhere,
to look for 'bad, overpolluting diesel', of course, at the
same time,their inspecting every square inch of your business,
looking for UNTAXED diesel.
State gov'ts hate high milage cars, homebrew fuels,etc.
But they don't say so.
A.M.
.
\--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "Appal Energy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> It's not about tax revenues, or at least certainly not solely about 
tax
> revenues. Otherwise there wouldn't be a dictate for a 1,000% 
increase in
> testing, nor would there be demands to meet spec for distillate
fuel 
oils.
> 
> Todd Swearingen
> 
> - Original Message - 
> From: "amrqq" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: 
> Sent: Thursday, March 11, 2004 8:45 PM
> Subject: [biofuel] Re: Connecticut versus Biodiesel
> 
> 
> > The Con. politicians want their tax money.
> >
> > A.M.
> >
> > --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> > > Below is the text of a bill filed in Connecticut that will
> > apparently stifle
> > > the development of biodiesel through the regulation of any
> > production of the
> > > fuel or any biodiesel mixes that could be sold or used in the 
state.
> > This is
> > > similar, but far worse than the misguided approach of the 
regulators
> > in
> > > California. For motivations unknown, these people are planning 
to
> > ban the sale of
> > > anything more concentrated than B20, and even that may be 
illegal.
> > The problem is
> > > that any blend of diesel and biodiesel must meet the 
specification
> > for diesel,
> > > which is not possible at higher concentrations of biodiesel. 
This
> > shows up in
> > > the viscosity and aromatics areas, and possibly others. The 
details
> > are
> > > buried in obscure California codes, and I haven't found them
all 
out
> > yet.
> > >
> > > Please note that homebrewers would be illegal under this 
regulations
> > unless
> > > they had approximately $850 of testing on every batch they 
produce.
> > If a single
> > > quart of this fuel is produced, even for one's own use, it
would 
be
> > illegal
> > > unless official testing was submitted to the government, 
certified
> > by corporate
> > > officers, on a monthly basis.
> > >
> > > This bill has been filed and will soon be enacted. It will stop 
any
> > biodiesel
> > > work in the state.
> > >
> > >
> > > STATE OF CONNECTICUT
> > >
> > > "AN ACT CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF BIODIESEL FUEL."
> > > Connecticut Seal
> > >
> > >
> > >  Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in 
General
> > Assembly
> > > convened Effective October 1, 2004
> > >  (a) As used in this section, "biodiesel fuel"
> > > means a diesel fuel substitute that is produced from 
nonpetroleum
> > renewable
> > > resources and "blended fuel" means a blend of biodiesel fuel and
> > diesel
> > > fuel.
> > > (b) No person shall sell or offer for sale biodiesel fuel unless
> > such fuel
> > > meets the following
> > > requirements:
> > > (1) The sulfur content standards for diesel fuel set forth in 
title
> > 13 of the
> > > California Code of
> > > Regulations, section 2281;
> > > (2) The aromatic hydrocarbon content of diesel fuel set forth in
> > title 13 of
> > > the California Code
> > > of Regulations, section 2282;
> > > (3) The requirements of the alternative fuel transportation 
program
> > set forth
> > > in 10 CFR, Part 490; and
> > > (4) The specifications established by the American Society for
> > Testing and
> > > Materials standard D6751,
> > > the Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel.
> > > (c) No person shall sell or offer for sale blended fuel unless 
such
> > fuel
> > > meets the following
> > > requirements:
> > > (1) The biodiesel fuel portion of the blended fuel meets the
> > requirements set
> > > forth in subsection (b) of this section;
> > > (2) The blended fuel meets
> > > the specifications established by the American Society for 
Testing
> > and
> > > Materials
> > > standard D975, the Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils; 
and
> > > (3) The blended fuel does not have a sulfur content of more than
> > five hundred
> > > parts per million.
> > > (d) Not later than the fifteenth day of each month, any person 
who
> > produces
> > > biodiesel fuel or blended
> > > fuel in this state or produces biodiesel fuel or blended fuel 
for
> > sale in
> > > this
> > > state shall provide to the Commissioner of Environmental 
Protection,
> > on a
> > > form
> > > prescribed by the commissioner, the following information, by 
batch:
> > > (1) For blended fuel, the percentage of biodiesel fuel within 
the
> > blend;
> > > (2) The volume of the biodies

Re: [biofuel] 5000 mpg in France........

[esbuck]

Yes, but how many bags of groceries will it carry?  Where does the license 
plate go?  Will the landlord let you park it in hallway or in the bicycle rack? 
 
Wouldn't a bicycle be cheaper, healthier, more useful?


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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Re: [biofuel] Deacidifying WVO

[Michael Fleetwood]

Hi Ken,

Yes, it probably was pretty stupid to deacidify a lot of it, I usually do 
test new things on a small scale, but it sounded fairly straightforward so 
I was probably overconfident. I did stir it gently, by hand using a piece 
of plastic pipe for about 4 mins, but it was difficult to tell if it was 
mixed because the oil was pretty thick at room temperature.

I'll try a half litre in a bottle - am wondering if  it might be better to 
warm it a little just until its liquid?



At 06:00 AM 13/03/2004 +0900, you wrote:
>Hello Mike, Ken
>
>Mike, if you're trying something new don't you test it first? It has
>to be done gently, it says so - if you're too rough you'll get just
>the results you did get, in your dustbin. Half a litre in a PET
>bottle would have been a much better way to start.
>
>Ken wrote:
>
> >This extravagant use of water has always plagued
> >the caustic refining process, which is why it is
> >gradually being phased out in favor of other
> >approaches. Centrifuging helps, but is generally
>
>That's why I developed this method. Usually they use the same amount
>of water as oil, and then separate it with a centrifuge, and then
>wash it...
>
>If you use only 40ml of water per litre of oil, and you do it
>CAREFULLY, that's it, no more water required, no centrifuge, no
>washing. So it's one method (along with an adaptation of Aleks's
>acid-base method) that's been recommended for use at the local level
>(villages and farms) in Thailand for making biodiesel from crude palm
>oil.
>
>But I'll echo Ken's question - why not use the acid-base method?
>http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_aleksnew.html
>
>You'll get much higher production that way, as it says in the
>Deacidifying WVO section: "It's an alternative -- better than
>straight single-stage base for oil like this [9.6ml titration], and
>while it won't get as a high a production rate as the acid-base
>method, and it uses more catalyst and gives you more co-products,
>it's very quick and simple."
>
>On the other hand, 6-7 g/litre isn't too bad, you should be able to
>get 85% production with that by single stage base, probably more.
>
>Best
>
>Keith
>
>
> >on 3/12/04 4:21 AM, mfle2001 at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> >
> > >
> > > I had 32 litres of oil, in a plastic dustbin.
> > > I dissolved 224g of lye in 1,280 mls of water,
> > > and mixed it in to the oil.
> > >
> > > Unfortunately despite leaving it 24 hours I
> > > don't seem to have any separation of oil and
> > > soapstock - it just seems to be one horrible
> > > gluggy mass.
> >
> >
> >Try slowly pouring a liter of your mix into
> >10 liters of very hot water. Mix gently.
> >Clean oil should float to the top, where you
> >can scoop it off. You might be able to repeat
> >the process a few times with the same batch of
> >water before it gets too soapy.
> >
> >The oil you recover from this first stage will
> >probably need a second stage (all over again with
> >fresh hot water) to completely remove all the soap.
> >
> >This extravagant use of water has always plagued
> >the caustic refining process, which is why it is
> >gradually being phased out in favor of other
> >approaches. Centrifuging helps, but is generally
> >beyond the abilities and budget of the garage
> >producer.
> >
> >Why don't you try an acid esterification step
> >first, when you can't avoid using that oil?
> >
> >-K
> >
> >>
> >>Most of the WVO I get is very good and titrates at 1-2 g/litre or
> >>less, but I have one source, a fish and chip shop that is not so
> >>good it is 6-7 g/litre.
> >>
> >>As this is difficult to process with single stage I decided to try
> >>deacidifying it and followed the instructions on J to F.
> >>
> >>I had 32 litres of oil, in a plastic dustbin. I dissolved 224g of
> >>lye in 1,280 mls of water, and mixed it in to the oil. I took a
> >>sample of the mixture in a jar to watch.
> >>
> >>Unfortunately despite leaving it 24 hours I don't seem to have any
> >>separation of oil and soapstock - it just seems to be one horrible
> >>gluggy mass. Should the soapstock be more solid or a different
> >>colour or what?
> >>
> >>Do I need to heat it perhaps?
> >>
> >>Any help and advice would be appreciated.
> >>
> >>Mike
>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
>Biofuels list archives:
>http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
>Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
>To unsubscribe, send an email to:
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>
>
>
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> Y

[biofuel] Re: Biodiesel Equipment Building workshop, Santa Cruz, CA, April 10 and 11th

[skillshare]

different Santa Cruz than he's speaking of- we have one 
in California 
as well!
 I actually thought about that confusion when I posted my message- 
that there's a place called Santa Cruz almost everywhere that the 
Spanish have been. I should have spelled out the "CA" as "California" 
to make it more clear to people outside the US.
mark


--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "Tan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I won't be surprised if she's not aware. She's in the US and you're 
in the
> Philippines. Don't forget that we're global here.
> 
> regards,
> ct
> 
> =>-Original Message-
> =>From: Romy Miranda [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> =>Sent: Wednesday, March 10, 2004 12:44 AM
> =>To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
> =>Subject: Re: [biofuel] Biodiesel Equipment Building workshop, 
Santa
> =>Cruz, CA, April 10 and 11th
> =>
> =>




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Re: [biofuel] Re: Connecticut versus Biodiesel

[esbuck]

One gets the impression that Connecticut legislators are control freaks who 
can be bought by special interests, just like 99 per cent of American 
politicians.  I am constantly amazed by the number of people who believe, "I'm 
from the 
government, and I'm here to help you."


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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Re: [biofuel] Deacidifying WVO

[Michael Fleetwood]

OK, thanks I'll try that.

I'd like to use the acid - base (foolproof) method, but I have not yet 
managed to obtain the conc sulphuric acid.




At 07:53 AM 12/03/2004 -0800, you wrote:
>on 3/12/04 4:21 AM, mfle2001 at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> >
> > I had 32 litres of oil, in a plastic dustbin.
> > I dissolved 224g of lye in 1,280 mls of water,
> > and mixed it in to the oil.
> >
> > Unfortunately despite leaving it 24 hours I
> > don't seem to have any separation of oil and
> > soapstock - it just seems to be one horrible
> > gluggy mass.
>
>
>Try slowly pouring a liter of your mix into
>10 liters of very hot water. Mix gently.
>Clean oil should float to the top, where you
>can scoop it off. You might be able to repeat
>the process a few times with the same batch of
>water before it gets too soapy.
>
>The oil you recover from this first stage will
>probably need a second stage (all over again with
>fresh hot water) to completely remove all the soap.
>
>This extravagant use of water has always plagued
>the caustic refining process, which is why it is
>gradually being phased out in favor of other
>approaches. Centrifuging helps, but is generally
>beyond the abilities and budget of the garage
>producer.
>
>Why don't you try an acid esterification step
>first, when you can't avoid using that oil?
>
>-K
>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
>Biofuels list archives:
>http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
>Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
>To unsubscribe, send an email to:
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>
>
>--
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>* To visit your group on the web, go to:
>* 
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>*
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>*
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Mike Fleetwood
Canberra, Australia.

Worldwide email address is: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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[biofuel] Fluoride in Drinking Water

[murdoch]

http://www.universalwater.net/Fluoride_in_Drinking_Water.htm

Pursuant to my research on water filters for my own use, and a comment
made in the appropriate community group that Fluoride is an additional
thing I should try to filter out, I ran into this essay:

AMERICA: OVERDOSED ON FLUORIDE
 

by Lynn Landes, ZeroWasteAmerica.com (215) 493-1070 and Maria Bechis,
updated July 1998

The widespread and uncontrolled use of fluoride in our water, food,
juices, beverages, and dental products is causing widespread
overexposure to fluoride in the U.S.

For three consecutive years, The Journal of the American Dental
Association (see JADA’s Dec. 1995, July1996, July 1997) has published
studies reporting on pervasive overexposure to fluoride due to "the
widespread use of fluoridated water, fluoride dentifrice, dietary
fluoride supplements and other forms of fluoride...{There is} an
increased prevalence of dental fluorosis, ranging from about 15% to
65% in fluoridated areas and 5% to 40% in non-fluoridated areas in
North America."

In February of 1997, The Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) warned
parents to limit their children’s intake of juices due to excessive
fluoride content.

In April of 1994, the ADA's Council on Scientific Affairs approved a
new Fluoride Supplementation Dosage Schedule with the following
cautions, "All sources of fluoride must be evaluated with a thorough
fluoride history ...Patient exposure to multiple sources can make
proper prescribing complex...Caries reduction benefits must be
balanced with risk for mild and very mild fluorosis." The multiple
sources for fluoride ingestion makes any assessment of patient
exposure to fluoride, highly speculative.

Today, over 50% of the United States population drink fluoridated
water. Most developed countries have banned fluoride in water. Less
than 2% of Western Europe drink fluoridated water. In general,
Americans are not warned of the risks of fluoride. Food and beverage
labels do not include fluoride concentrations.

Fluoride is the only chemical added to U.S. municipal water that is
used to mass medicate, rather than to render water safe to drink. It
is not an essential nutrient. It has never received "FDA Approval"
(U.S. Food and Drug Administration). It is listed as an "unapproved
new drug" by the FDA, and as a "contaminant" by the EPA. Although
fluoride can occur naturally in some water supplies, the type of
fluoride added to water is a hazardous waste of the aluminum, uranium,
and phosphate fertilizer industries.

Fluoride accumulates throughout the body, over an individual’s
lifetime. It effects all age groups with both long and short-term
harmful health consequences. Fluorosis is symptomatic of an
over-exposure to fluoride. Its visible characteristics are the
discoloration, white flecks, or pitting of the teeth. Fluorosis can
lead to decay in teeth and bone, and has been linked to Alzheimer's,
kidney damage, cancer, genetic damage, neurological impairment, and
bone pathology.

In 1993, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services (HHS) stated in its
Toxicological Profile on Fluoride," Existing data indicate that
subsets of the population maybe unusually susceptible to the toxic
effects of fluoride and its compounds. These populations include the
elderly, people with deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and/or
vitamin C, and people with cardiovascular and kidney problems...
Postmenopausal women and elderly men in fluoridated communities may
also be at increased risk of fractures."

Is there a margin of safety for exposure to fluoride? In the 1940’s,
when fluoridation of municipal water began, the "optimal" level of
exposure to fluoride for dental benefit was determined to be 1
milligram/day. Even at the 1 mg/day exposure level, 10% of the
population were expected to contract dental fluorosis. It was
estimated that individuals drank 1 liter of water per day. At that
time, other sources of fluoride were scarce.

In 1986, the EPA set new "maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)" for
fluoride. Above 2 mg/liter" children are likely to develop
objectionable dental fluorosis" and parents must be officially
notified. Above 4mg/liter, individuals are at risk of developing
"crippling skeletal fluorosis." It is against federal law to
fluoridate water above 4 mg/liter.

(U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Review of Fluoride Benefits
and Risks, 1991). Below is a summary and analysis of fluoride exposure
levels from food, beverages, toothpaste, and mouthwash. This data
indicates that dentists should no long prescribe supplements.

Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water
Fluoride Intake % Over 1 mg "Optimal" Dosage

Unfluoridated Communities   < 0.3 mg/L
0.88- 2.20 mg/day  as much
as 120 %
"Optimally" Fluoridated   0.7-1.2 mg/L
1.58- 6.60 mg/day  as much
as 560 %
Fluoridatedcommunities > 2.0 mg/L
2.10- 7.05 mg/day
possible >605 %
(Table does no

[biofuel] Global Climate Change - Local Story

[Darryl McMahon]

This article was printed in our local weekly (Nepean This Week, March 12, 
2004).  
I have not found it anywhere on-line (so any typos are mine), although Dr. 
Pearson 
does have other articles that can be found on the Internet. (Sudbury is a city 
in 
Ontario, Canada.  Queen's Park is the building that houses the Ontario 
legislative 
assembly.)
===
Adapting to warmer weather
David Pearson - Osprey Writers Group

It must be about 10 years now since I caught a glimpse of a small, black, furry 
corpse beside the road on the outskirts of Sudbury.  It looked like a black 
squirrel but it couldn't be, not this far north, I thought.

So I stopped and went back to have a closer look.  And it was, black as pitch 
and 
out of the same mold as its well-fed cousins that jauntily run from tree to 
tree 
around Ottawa.

One of my biologist colleagues recently told me there is now a breeding 
population 
of black squirrels just west of Sudbury.

In any case they have obviously found the north hospitable, and they are not 
alone. 
 Possums that just a few years ago only had a toehold on the north shore of 
Lake 
Erie are now exploring Barrie.  Raccoons, turkey vultures and cardinals also 
seem 
to be on the move.

Together they are not only surprising nature lovers, they are also sending an 
important message to all of us, including the leaders we have just elected to 
Queen's Park.

Ontario's climate is changing, and if we don't believe the squirrels and 
possums, 
Environment Canada's thermometers are telling us the same thing.  In the 
northwest, 
near the Manitoba border, the average annual temperature has increased by well 
over 
a degree in just 40 years.  In southern Ontario it's risen about a degree.  It 
doesn't seem like much but that is probably faster than the warming at the end 
of 
the last Ice Age.

Winter, of course, will still be winter.  No mountain range will suddenly rise 
to 
stop Arctic air from sweeping down over Ontario like it did in January.  But 
winters will continue to get shorter.

Already there are 50 fewer days of ice on the Muskoka lakes than when our 
grandparents enjoyed skating there.  Models, or "plausible descriptions" of 
climate 
in the future, show winter rain frequently replacing snow, with the threat of 
ice 
storms in the south.

The other side of the coin of shorter winters is a longer frost-free growing 
season 
for northern farmers.  Is anybody scouting slopes of Manitoulin Island for 
tomorrow's vineyards?

The forests of the middle of this century will creep north as the seeds of 
southern 
species are carried by wind and animals.  Conditions in the forest land of the 
Shield will slowly become less favourable for the pine and the spruce that most 
forest companies rely on.

And the tree-line itself will move north, pushing the tundra out of Ontario and 
changing the plants and animals around scores of small aboriginal communities 
in 
the far north.

The Golden Horseshoe seems worlds away from melting permafrost on the coast of 
Hudson Bay, but Hurricane Hazel in 1954 and recent heat waves are reminders 
that no 
amount of high technology can insulate us from our changing environment.

A study by Pollution Probe in partnership with Environment Canada and Health 
Canada 
suggests that Toronto will experience 30 days a year when the temperature will 
exceed 30 degrees by the 2030s.

As we slowly move out of first gear on cutting our contribution to the 
greenhouse 
gasses that are at least part of the cause of our changing climate, we have to 
plan 
to adapt to the changes that are already beginning to affect us.  Climate 
change 
risk and adaptation assessments need to become part of the lexicon of those 
thinking of the future of their businesses, industry, agriculture, communities 
and 
public health.

Our new Minister of the Environment speaks with passion and conviction. She has 
a 
wonderful opportunity to show leadership on the issue of adapting to climate 
change, and the squirrels in the trees of Queen's Park will be there to remind 
her.

(Dr. David Pearson is a Professor of Geology at Laurentian University and a 
member 
of the Osprey Writers Group.)





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