[Biofuel] biodiesel business plan
Muncie, IN and I am working on a business plan involving biodiesel. I am a senior Entrepreneurship major and it is required for us to compile a business plan that is judged by a group of evaluators later in the semester and our graduation depends upon it. The plan I am working on is to set up a biodiesel plant for manufacturing or become a distributor of biodiesel for school corporations and DOT's in the midwest. I have talked with many people here in Indiana that say they would use biodiesel if they only knew where to find it. I would like to help to make it easier for people to get a hold of biodiesel for use on their farms, at school corporations for buses, and even for government use possibly. Thank you for your consideration and I'd appreciate any help from the members of the mailing list. Evan Gady 1416 W Gilbert Muncie, IN 47303 765-215-1083 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] RE: SHRIMP FUEL!
Excellente! WOW! Shrimp fuel. That is thinking outside of the box! As with my project, the scientific viability is not so much the limiting factor as is: Obtaining a consistant supply of the raw materials. Usually free, but conscioussness has to be raised enough to separate the material in a sufficient quantity. I've a PET recycling proposal that is playing with the idea that TRASH is the most abundant industrial raw material we have today. So much can be done with it! My project is looking at an overplanted coconut: the licor, a wild and prolific version of the almond: amendoeira doce, and also the avocado pit (cited as more oil per weight than the Dend palm!) Although my project is not yet a PJ (official company), I've registered us with your group gpec.cjb as Indian îleos. Chose Indian, because if you say it like the Lone Ranger would, it sounds like Engine! Cute, huh? Engine Oils. I'm not yet sure how to integrate with your knowledge base and your movement, but am VERY glad that it exists and that you are of a cooperative mindset. I'm going to go further indepth on the links you sent and digest to better respond. For now- THANKS, Adrian Message: 10 Date: Fri, 25 Feb 2005 19:48:06 -0300 From: Pannir P.V [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [Biofuel] let us all have touch Helo , dear Adrian ( que bom ver aqui , gente de nossa terra Brasil) Thank you very much to join in this group Very glad your particpation in biofuel group . Plaese see http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ You can see about some of my biofuel related work. I am Briefly giving here short note about my work. After sucessfully finishing my Phd work in India (IIT D) on ethanol fuel from Biomass using low temperature etanol sovent catalytic process for seperation of lignin and enzimatic hydrolysis work , I was invited to Brasil by the BIOD famous person Prof Expedito Parente who has patent on KEROSENE and ProBIOD in seveties , I was involved in the BIOFUel for the past 20 years to make biomass fuel reality and prsently working in UFRN , Natal city and RN state. Here in this group , I am changing from chemical and bio chemical engineering into ecological system engineering. You are very welcome here. Eventhough Brasil is big country , only very few peole from Brasil are here . Surely we need to amke much people from Brasil as the bigest biomass and biofuel programe of the world are with in opur land and we need to help the other too follow us as we have all passed all the problems the other country are facing now regard etanol biofuel . We have small ecological enegineering design research team .See our work here www.gpec.cjb.net http://biocombustivel.incubadora.fapesp.br/portal Very soon here I am preparing put the small sumary of my wok on the energy from biomass project related to dairy wastes as well shrimp production wastes. Making fuel from waste is the subject I like very much and here Plaese feel here you will learn a lot as we have so many biofuel members from several countries , all very kind and good peoples Vamos trabalhar juntos , podemos colaborar sim sd -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.300 / Virus Database: 266.3.0 - Release Date: 2/21/2005 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] MB Bras
Hi Brasileiros- Please tell me if MB Brasil was involved in that unpleasant scene last year in which intelectual properties were stolen and death threats were made from inside the So Paulo gestation program. I want to make the proper connections and the MB newsletter is strong, but that doesn't mean it is ethical. I certainly hope so! Adrian -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.300 / Virus Database: 266.3.0 - Release Date: 2/21/2005 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] recent news items of interest
Hi all, It seems that authorities are losing money from gas taxes because people are switching to alternative fuels. It appears to be making a dent in their cash flow from highways..pity. Now they are thinking about other forms of revenue such as miles travelled and tire taxes. Story below Green Envy http://www.kktv.com/news/headlines/1310642.html some other interesting articles The Capture and Storage of Carbon Emissions http://www.co2captureandstorage.info/project_specific.php4?project_id=55 Environmental Group Wants Diesel Idling Time Cut in Half http://www.alternate-energy.net/diesel_idle05.html Climate change to bring a wave of new health risks http://www.news.wisc.edu/10725.html Rollable Solar Panel Powers Notebook Computers http://www.powerpage.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/powerpage.woa/wa/story?newsID=14227 Get your daily alternative energy news http://groups.yahoo.com/group/next_generation_grid news resources forums http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tomorrow-energy Alternative Energy Politics http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Alternative_Energy_Politics/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Method
Hi everyone! Normally it takes some quite complicated laboratory equipment to establish the ester content of a batch biodiesel. Does anybody know of a reliable garage method (experimental or algebraic) to do the same job with an accuracy on percent level ? Jan Warnqvist +46 554 201 89 + 46 70 499 38 45 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Japan proposing new diesel emission standards
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Japan proposing new diesel emission standards Japan's Central Environment Council (CEC), an advisory body of the Ministry of the Environment, has reached consensus on the next tier of diesel emission standards to become effective from 2009, according to a report by Kyodo News. Under the new regulations, diesel and gasoline cars would have to meet the same emission standards. New emission standards would be also introduced for heavy-duty truck and bus engines. The new diesel emission regulations are to be announced by the end of the year. The 2009 emission regulation would reduce emissions of PM and NOx by 43-65% relative to the 2005 standards (which become effective in October). In developing the proposal, the CEC chose a more relaxed approach than originally anticipated. The original CEC intention was to cut both NOx and PM by about 90%. Relaxing the limits could be possibly attributed to balancing the needs for pollution reduction with energy efficiency and climate change factors, in view of Japan's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The proposed 2009 NOx and PM limits are compared with other emission standards below. NOx PM PASSENGER CARS 1250 kg JP 2009 (proposed) 0.08 g/km 0.005 g/km JP 2005 0.14 g/km 0.013 g/km Euro 4 (2005)0.25 g/km 0.025 g/km US Tier 2 Bin 5 0.044 g/km (0.07 g/mi) 0.006 g/km (0.01 g/mi) TRUCKS AND BUSES 3.5 ton JP 2009 (proposed) 0.7 g/kWh 0.01 g/kWh JP 2005 2.0 g/kWh 0.027 g/kWh Euro V (2008)2.0 g/kWh 0.02 g/kWh US 2007/2010 0.27 g/kWh (0.2 g/hph) 0.013 g/kWh (0.01 g/hph) The proposed limits are more stringent than the Euro 4 regulation for light duty vehicles and Euro V heavy-duty engine standards. The JP 2009 PM limits are comparable to the US Tier 2 and US 2007 standards for heavy-duty engines, and are expected to require the use of diesel particulate filters on new diesel engines. The JP 2009 NOx limits, on the other hand, are more relaxed than those in the USA. http://asia.news.yahoo.com/050222/kyodo/d88d83m00.html ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Germany adopting tax incentives for clean diesel cars
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Germany adopting tax incentives for clean diesel cars Germany's Chancellor Schroeder, the Ministry of Finances and the Ministry for Environment have agreed on the structure of tax incentives for diesel cars that exceed the Euro 4 particulate matter emission standard. New cars will receive a tax break of 350. A tax incentive of 250 will be also given to passenger cars that are retrofitted with particulate filters. Based on the recommendation by the European Commission (see DieselNet Update of January 2005), the above incentives will be given to cars that meet a PM emission limit of 0.005 g/km--a value that can be currently met only with the help of PM filters. The promotion will start from 1 January 2006 and continue through 31 December 2007. According to the voluntary commitment by the German automobile industry, all new diesel passenger cars should be equipped with diesel particulate filters starting from 1 January 2008. http://www.bmu.de/pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilungen_ab_01_11_2004 /pm/7015.php ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Automotive CO2 emission regulations
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Automotive CO2 emission regulations + AIAM joins the California CO2 emission regulation lawsuit The Association of International Automobile Manufacturers (AIAM) is joining the lawsuit filed by the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers to challenge the California regulation limiting CO2 emissions from new cars (see DieselNet Update of December 2004). Like the Alliance, AIAM considers the California greenhouse gas rule to be a veiled fuel economy regulation, rather than an emission standard (California has the right to set its own emission regulations, but fuel economy remains under the US federal jurisdiction). AIAM also acknowledged the need for greenhouse gas emission reductions, which should be addressed, however, at the national and international, as opposed to the state, level. AIAM represents Honda, Nissan and other car and component manufacturers. http://www.aiam.org/main_pre_det.asp?PRID=99 Who is AIAM: http://www.aiam.org/who.shtml + Canada negotiating CO2 emission reductions with carmakers The Canadian government confirmed that it is negotiating a CO2 emission reduction deal with car manufactures. The government wants to reach a voluntary agreement with the carmakers to produce 25% more fuel efficient vehicles by 2010. The 25% target would reduce Canada's annual greenhouse emissions in 2010 by 5.2 megatons. According to press reports, the agreement could commit the manufacturers to reducing the total annual CO2 emissions by 5.2 megatons by 2010, without explicitly specifying the 25% emission reduction target. The improvement would be achieved by introducing diesel, hybrid and other technologies. http://www.fin.gc.ca/budget05/pdf/bp2005e.pdf (see pg. 191) http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2005/02/04/920835-cp.html + UK adopting vehicle fuel economy labelling scheme The UK's Transport Secretary unveiled a voluntary car labelling scheme, that would allow car buyers to assess the fuel efficiency and carbon emission levels of a new vehicle. This information will be provided on color-coded labels, similar to those currently displayed on fridges and other energy-consuming products. The labels also contain information on how much motorists can expect to pay in fuel bills in a typical year for a particular car. All 42 car brands in the UK have signed up to the introduction of the voluntary labelling scheme, and the label is due to be in all UK car showrooms by 1 September 2005. The labelling scheme has been developed by the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP), a group set up by the government in 2003 to help find new ways of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from road transport. http://www.gnn.gov.uk/content/detail.asp?NewsAreaID=2ReleaseID=144934 A copy of the label: http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_ro ads_035195.pdf ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] US DOE announces 12 vehicle efficiency projects
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ US DOE announces 12 vehicle efficiency projects The US Department of Energy (DOE) announced the selection of projects to increase the energy efficiency of passenger and commercial vehicles. Twelve projects, with a total value of $175 million (50% of which is contributed by the private sector) will focus on development of advanced combustion engine and waste heat recovery technologies. The projects support the DOE's goal of improving efficiency of internal combustion engines from 30% (2004 baseline) to 45% by 2012 for passenger vehicles, and from 40% (2002 baseline) to 55% by 2013 for commercial vehicles, while meeting cost, durability, and emissions constraints. Vehicles utilizing these technologies would use 10-15% less fuel than current vehicles. Seven of the twelve projects will conduct research in advanced combustion technology. The remaining five projects will develop technologies to convert waste heat from engines to electrical or mechanical energy. The following is the list of projects: High Efficiency Clean Combustion Projects - Caterpillar, Inc. will identify the required technologies to enable a low temperature, high efficiency combustion solution for 2010 on-highway truck or 2014 non-road machine applications. The work includes implementation of HCCI combustion. Team members include ExxonMobil, Sandia National Laboratory and IAV Automotive. - Cummins, Inc will develop variable valve timing and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) technologies. The project will include the demonstration of engines for both passenger and commercial vehicles and the compatibility of the technology with renewable fuels. Team members include International, Daimler- Chrysler, British Petroleum, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. - Detroit Diesel Corporation will combine several processes to develop engine system hardware and controls to improve thermal efficiency of commercial engines while meeting emissions levels of 2010 and beyond. Team members include Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory, Freightliner, Schneider, Shell and DaimlerChrysler. - General Motors Powertrain will develop parallel paths to improve passenger vehicle efficiency for both spark ignition and diesel engines. The project will focus on variable valve timing technologies for short term and long term applications to allow implementation of HCCI operation. Team members include Sturman Industries. - International Truck and Engine Corporation will conduct research of HCCI combustion by integrating commercial or near-commercial fuel, air, and engine technologies (variable valve timing, variable compression ratio, variable nozzle turbocharging, and fuel injection equipment) with advanced controls. Demonstration will be in a commercial diesel engine. Team members include Ricardo, Borg-Warner Turbo, Jacobs Vehicle Systems, Siemens, Mahle, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, Argonne National Laboratory and Conoco-Phillips. - John Deere will develop a stoichiometric compression-ignition engine with low-pressure loop cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and a diesel particulate filter followed by a three-way catalyst. Combustion will be similar to conventional diesel combustion with lower peak temperatures. Team members include Sturman Industries, Ricardo Technologies and Purdue University. - Mack Trucks, Inc. will develop an air-power-assist (APA) engine for improving fuel efficiency by 15% with emissions meeting the 2010 regulations. During braking, the engine would utilize braking energy to work as a compressor, pumping compressed air into an on- board tank. During acceleration the engine is powered by the compressed air with or without burning diesel fuel until the compressed air is depleted. Team members include UCLA, Sturman Industries and Advanced Energy Systems. Exhaust Energy Recovery Projects - Caterpillar Inc. will develop a new air management and exhaust energy recovery system for commercial diesel engines, with electric turbocompounding and high efficiency air system technology as the key technology building blocks. - Cummins Inc. will develop a waste heat recovery system to support clean and efficient combustion and reduce heat rejection. Team members include International, Indiana University-Purdue University, University of Illinois-Urbana Champagne, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST). - Detroit Diesel Corporation will evaluate engine-based technologies to partially recover and convert exhaust energy into useful mechanical and electrical work. Team members include Freightliner, Schneider and Holset Turbochargers. - John Deere will develop turbo compounding in heavy-duty applications including both agricultural tractors and on-highway
[Biofuel] EPA partners with Eaton to develop hydraulic hybrids
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ EPA partners with Eaton to develop hydraulic hybrids The US EPA has announced a new partnership with Eaton Corporation and other parties to demonstrate the full hydraulic hybrid vehicle for urban pick-up and delivery fleets, a technology based on a number of EPA hybrid patents. The vehicle will also feature the EPA's Clean Diesel Combustion engine. The members contributing to the partnership include EPA, Eaton Corporation Fluid Power, United Parcel Service (UPS), International Truck and Engine Corporation, US Army National Automotive Center, and Morgan-Olson. EPA and Eaton will fabricate integrated hydraulic rear- drive for a UPS package vehicle. The hybrid hydraulic system stores energy in the form of compressed gas (nitrogen), which is transferred between a low and a high pressure tanks (accumulators) by one or more reversible hydraulic pump/motor units. The accumulator and hydraulic pump replace the battery pack and electric generator known from electric hybrids. According to the EPA, the hydraulic system can recover the vehicle braking energy with impressive 82% efficiency. A hydraulic hybrid SUV prototype was showcased by the EPA during the 2004 SAE Congress. The demonstration UPS package vehicle will include: * Two power sources to operate the vehiclethe EPA Clean Diesel Combustion engine and hydraulic hybrid components, * Full hydraulic hybrid technology that replaces the conventional drivetrain with a hydraulic drivetrain and eliminates the need for a transmission, * Primary hydraulic components consisting of two hydraulic accumulator vessels, one engine hydraulic pump, and one integrated rear-drive hydraulic pump-motor assembly. In the UPS demonstration vehicle, the EPA targets a 60-70% fuel economy improvement, meeting the 2010 heavy-duty engine NOx standards, and the ability to recoup additional cost for hydraulic hybrid technology in less than 3 years. Clean Diesel Combustion (CDC) technology is the combination of several improvements in diesel fuel injection system performance, re- optimization and refinement of air management/turbocharging systems, and an improved combustion system. The EPA intends to develop a CDC diesel engine capable of meeting the 2010 NOx standards without NOx aftertreatment. The EPA has signed CDC development agreements with two industrial partners: International and Ford. EPA announcement: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/technology/420f05006.htm EPA Clean Automotive Technology: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/technology/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] German manufacturers criticize Toyota D-CAT, NOx adsorbers
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ German manufacturers criticize Toyota D-CAT, NOx adsorbers German manufacturers believe the D-CAT emission system by Toyota has serious durability problems and fails to deliver the required emission performance, reports Germany's Automobilwoche. The system, featured on the Avensis D-CAT model, was said to fail to comply with Euro 4 limits after a period of operation. But Toyota says the D-CAT emission system is being continuously improved, and will be featured in the new 2.2 D- 4D Clean Power engine unveiled at the 2004 Paris Motor Show. The D-CAT package utilizes the DPNR (Diesel Particulate and NOx Reduction) system, which includes a wall-flow particulate filter coated with a NOx adsorber-catalyst system. The NOx adsorber and the particulate filter are being regenerated through a complex strategy which combines (1) engine management with common-rail post-injection, (2) low temperature combustion (a combustion regime used at low load and speed conditions, which involves massive EGR, intake air throttling, and injection timing designed for smokeless combustion despite rich A/F ratio), and (3) exhaust port fuel injection. Exhaust port injection is also used to increase the catalyst bed temperature to perform the periodic desulfation of the NOx adsorber. The Toyota Avensis 2.0 D-CAT was launched commercially in 2003/2004, after a field test program with 60 vehicles. Since the DPNR requires ultra low sulfur diesel, the Avensis D-CAT was introduced in selected markets where such fuels were available, including Germany and the UK. But the critics argue the DPNR system is still in the development phase, and few vehicles have been actually sold to the public. Toyota has not revealed the sales volume of the Avensis D-CAT model. According to an unnamed Toyota supplier, the D-CAT emission system has had numerous well-known problems. In contrast to official measurements at the FEV, the supplier's own tests showed that after 20,000 to 40,000 kilometers the vehicles could no longer meet the Euro 4 NOx limit. The Euro 4 emission durability requirement is 100,000 km. Skepticism about the commercial viability of NOx adsorbers on diesel engines was also expressed by BMW development boss Burkhard Göschel, who said that the only durable solution for meeting future NOx emission standards is urea-SCR technology. Type approval emission values and fuel economy (combined) of the Toyota 2.0 D-CAT and the standard D-4D model are compared below. NOx PM FE Avensis 2.0 D-CAT 0.110 g/km 0.002 g/km 6.1 l/100 km Avensis D-4D0.210 g/km 0.022 g/km 5.8 l/100 km Euro 4 limits 0.25 g/km 0.025 g/km - The new Clean Power D-4D engine will be produced by Toyota Motor Industries Poland (TMIP), a new engine plant with production capacity of 150,000 engines per year. http://automobilwoche.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?newsId=4185 Toyota Clean Power at motor shows Paris 2004: http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/event/auto_shows/2004/paris/ Geneva 2005: http://www.toyota-media.com/MediaSite/Files/Pub/%7BE51E6A39-0053-4B68- BAFD-3650D6739FCC%7D/Internet/20050201_GMS_05.html Emissions and fuel economy comparison Avensis 2.0 D-CAT: http://www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk/search/vehicleDetails.asp?id=12980 Avensis D-4D standard: http://www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk/search/vehicleDetails.asp?id=9550 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] GM unveiling first diesel Cadillac model
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ GM unveiling first diesel Cadillac model At the Geneva Motor Show (March 3-13, 2005), General Motors will showcase the first diesel-powered Cadillac model BLS, to be launched in the European market in spring 2006. The turbo diesel variant uses a 1.9 liter 4-cylinder engine with common-rail direct injection. No details were given on the engine, but in all likelihood it is the 1.9 liter diesel a diesel developed by GM- Fiat Powertrain. The diesel Cadillac BLS will be equipped with a maintenance-free (presumably catalyzed) diesel particulate filter. The Cadillac BLS will be also available with three turbo-charged gasoline engines, including two 2.0 liter 4-cylinder versions and one 2.8 liter six-cylinder unit. http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emeral d.gm.com/gmnews/viewpressreldetail.do?domain=3docid=11929 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Catalytica continues development of diesel fuel processor
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Catalytica continues development of diesel fuel processor Catalytica Energy Systems said it has completed a 100-hour demonstration of its fuel processor-driven NOx adsorber catalyst system on a stationary diesel engine, achieving a greater than 90% reduction in NOx. The test was conducted on a 8.3 liter diesel generator set rated at 160 kW. Catalytica intends to start field demonstrations at end-user sites, to assess the commercial viability of the system as a retrofit NOx control solution from stationary engines. The Catalytica fuel processor generates a hydrogen-rich gas (CO+H2) from diesel fuel, which enhances the regeneration of NOx adsorbers. The system has been developed for both mobile and stationary engines. http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_html_b1?release_id=80062 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Cal ARB to re-introduce NO2 limit in equipment verification
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Cal ARB to re-introduce NO2 limit in equipment verification The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has proposed amendments to the limit on emissions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the diesel emission control strategy verification procedure. Effective 2007, all verified emission control systems would not be allowed to increase NO2 emissions by more than 20% (as a percentage of the total NOx by mass) above the engine baseline level. Diesel emission control systems that do not meet the proposed NO2 limit would not be eligible for verification beginning January 1, 2007. Previously verified systems that do not meet the limit would no longer be verified beginning the same date. The proposed amendments will be discussed during a public workshop to be held in El Monte, CA, on March 22, 2005. Background To ensure the effectiveness of emission control devices for use in California diesel retrofit programs, the ARB developed the verification procedure in 2002. The original procedure included an NO2 emission limit defined as 20% of the total baseline NOx emission. This limit, however, proved to be too restrictive resulting in manufacturers not being able to verify catalytic emission control devices, such as particulate filters. In 2004, the ARB suspended the NO2 limit for the period of 3 years, which allowed for verification of a number of systems. The old NO2 limit did not account for variability in engine-out NO2 between different engines. Engine-out NO2 levels can vary from around 5% of the total NOx to as much as 15% and more. Higher NO2 levels are usually seen in newer turbocharged models than in old naturally aspirated engines. As a result, the NO2 limit made it impossible to verify devices which use active platinum-based catalysts, such as most catalyzed particulate filters, the CRT filter, or several oxidation catalysts. While effective in reducing PM and other emissions, these devices increased the NO2 portion of the total NOx above the ARB limit. The current proposal introduces a more relaxed limit, defined as a maximum incremental increase of 20% by mass over the baseline NO2 emission level. For instance, for an engine with a baseline NO2 fraction of 10%, this corresponds to total NO2 emissions of 30% of the NOx. The proposal also introduces requirements to pre-condition devices before testing to remove any stored PM (which could react with NO2 and lower its tailpipe levels). The environmental impact of increased NO2 remains largely uncertain. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide, the two compounds of regulated engine NOx emissions, undergo transformations in the atmosphere to reach equilibrium depending on the atmospheric conditions. Environmental regulations have traditionally set limits on the total NOx, not on NO2 alone. Increased NO2 emission, however, may be important in near-source exposure, as NO2 is a more toxic gas than NO. NO2 levels have been always explicitly regulated in occupational health legislation. The new proposed limit, although more relaxed, will still present a challenge for technologies that rely on active oxidation catalysts. The verification program for diesel emission control devices by the US EPA/ETV has no limits on NO2 emissions. http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/mailoutmsc0504.pdf ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Swedish Technology Award for Scania diesel engines
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Swedish Technology Award for Scania diesel engines Scania's Lars Tegnelius, who is responsible for the development of engine 'Performance and Emissions', received the Swedish Technology Award from the hands of the Swedish Crown Princess, HRH Victoria. The award has been granted for the lowering of both NOx and PM emissions from Scania's Euro IV diesel engines. The technology involves reducing emissions by improving the combustion process, without using urea-SCR, particulate filters, or other forms of exhaust aftertreatment. Scania was the first manufacturer to deliver Euro IV (2005.10) engines, which became available already in September 2004. Trucks with Euro IV engines are favored by lower road fees in some countries, including Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Scania's inline engines comply with the Euro IV emission standard (NOx = 3.5 g/kWh, PM = 0.02 g/kWh) through the use of Scania high pressure injection (HPI) system and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The same technology and a novel injection system will be used to achieve Euro V (2008.10) compliance, said Scania. The use of Scania HPI allows for a reduction of PM emissions to levels below the Euro IV limits. This provides an additional margin that is used to reduce NOx. NOx emissions are further reduced using cooled EGR. Scania HPI was developed in co-operation with Cummins during the 1990's. The system is produced by Scania and Cummins in a jointly owned facility in the USA. Euro IV engines from different manufacturers feature two competing approaches for NOx emission reduction: (1) cooled EGR, and (2) urea- SCR. Particulate filters are used on a voluntary basis on selected models, such as on some urban bus engines. Euro IV/V limits were originally designed to force the use of particulate filters on all heavy-duty engines, but the EU regulators have underestimated the emission reduction potential of diesel combustion technologies. Filter-forcing PM limits are expected in the Euro VI regulation (2012?), which is to be proposed by the end of 2005. http://www.primezone.com/newsroom/?d=72855 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Peugeot announces one-millionth filter-equipped car
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Peugeot announces one-millionth filter-equipped car PSA Peugeot Citron announced the one-millionth car equipped with the diesel particulate filter (DPF), which rolled off the assembly line at the end of January. Introduced in May 2000 on the Peugeot 607, the PSA Peugeot Citron's DPF system has been gradually deployed on Peugeot and Citron models in all segments. Today, the filter is available on nine model families: the Peugeot 206, 307, 407, 607 and 807, and the Citron C4, C5, C8 and Xsara Picasso. The 500,000th car fitted with diesel particulate filter was celebrated in June 2003. Since then, it has taken only 18 months to reach 1 million vehicles fitted with particulate filters. DPFs will continue to be extended to other Peugeot and Citron models in the years to come, said PSA. The Peugeot filter system utilizes a fuel additive (cerium/iron based Eolys formulation by Rhodia) to lower the combustion temperature of soot. Regeneration of the filter is controlled by the common rail injection system, which periodically increases the exhaust temperature through the post-injection of fuel. An oxidation catalyst positioned upstream of the filter oxidizes unburnt hydrocarbons generated by the post-injections, releasing additional quantity of heat. PSA Peugeot Citron is the first carmaker in the world to mass-market the particulate filter technology. German manufacturers, who introduced filters in 2004 on a number of Euro 4 vehicles, intend to use them in all new car models by 2008/2009. http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_espace/press_releases_detail s_d1.php?id=436 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Component shortage delaying diesel car deliveries
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Component shortage delaying diesel car deliveries + Bosch resumes production of high-pressure common-rail pumps Robert Bosch GmbH has resumed full scale production of high-pressure pumps for common-rail diesel injection systems. Production will continue on a 24/7 schedule to catch up with the delivery backlog. The production had been stopped when problems were discovered with premature wear of the coating of bearing bushings, resulting in possible fuel leak. The premature wear was confirmed in bench testing. No field defects in the injection pumps themselves resulting from such wear have been established or reported, said Bosch. Bosch said it had immediately informed the affected automotive manufacturers about the problem. The incident caused production delays and/or recalls of vehicles which already left assembly plants with the defective pumps. The affected carmakers included Mercedes, BMW, and Volkswagen. http://www.bosch-presse.de/TBWebDB/bosch-ptj/en-US/PressText.cfm?CFID =1481992CFTOKEN=e5af309217d24f0-ED461743-9027-CA2D-00BE682172C90332S earch=0id=2180 Mercedes sales affected: http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?storyID=7544301 + Peugeot production slowed down by particulate filter shortage The January output of PSA Peugeot Citroen automobiles was down by nearly 15,000 units, according to press reports. Production problems were caused by a shortage of silicon carbide particulate filter substrates from Ibiden/Saint Gobain joint venture. The shortfall will reportedly continue through April. http://www.autoindustry.co.uk/news/industry_news/news-57o7kbgbcp ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Fiat and GM dissolve their partnership
February 2005 http://www.dieselnet.com/ Fiat and GM dissolve their partnership General Motors and Fiat have reached a settlement to terminate their partnership (which was started in 2000) and realign their industrial relationship. Under the deal, GM will pay Fiat 1.55 billion and will return its 10% stake in Fiat. In exchange, Fiat gave up a put option to force General Motors to buy the unprofitable Fiat Auto. GM will also acquire an interest in key strategic diesel engine assets and other rights with respect to diesel engine technology and know-how. The most significant elements of the settlement agreement are: * The Fiat-GM Powertrain (FGP) joint-venture company will be dissolved and GM will regain complete ownership of all GM assets originally contributed. During a transition period, FGP will continue to supply both companies; * GM will co-own with Fiat key powertrain intellectual property, including the SDE and JTD diesel engines and the M20-32 six- speed manual transmission; * GM will acquire a 50% interest in a new joint venture limited to operating the powertrain manufacturing plant in Bielsko-Biala, Poland, that currently produces the 1.3 liter SDE diesel engine; * The GM-Fiat Worldwide Purchasing joint venture will be dissolved. The companies will continue cooperation through long-term agreements to supply each other with powertrains, continued cooperative development of certain vehicle programs and through Fiat's participation in GM's purchasing alliance program, said GM. http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emeral d.gm.com/gmnews/viewpressreldetail.do?docid=11937domain=3 ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Meeting the Climate Challenge
has issued a new report, warning that damage due to climate change could increase at an accelerating rate unless governments set a goal of limiting the rise in temperature since pre-industrial times to 2.0°C. The report was compiled by the British Institute for Public Policy Research, the Center for American Progress and the Australia Institute. The USA and Australia are the only two industrialized countries that have not ratified the Kyoto Protocol. http://www.tai.org.au/Publications_Files/Papers%26Sub_Files/Meeting%20 the%20Climate%20Challenge%20FV.pdf (pdf, 1.22 MB, 40 pages) See Independent/UK report: http://wwia.org/pipermail/biofuel/Week-of-Mon-20050124/005137.html [Biofuel] Climate Change: Countdown to Global Catastrophe Climate Change: Countdown to Global Catastrophe Report warns point of no return may be reached in 10 years, leading to droughts, agricultural failure and water shortages by Michael McCarthy The global warming danger threshold for the world is clearly marked for the first time in an international report to be published tomorrow - and the bad news is, the world has nearly reached it already. [more} http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/0124-11.htm Published on Monday, January 24, 2005 by the Independent/UK ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Linseed oil suitability
disposal company. The oil is supplied filtered and dried in clean IBC containers. How suitable will this be for making biodiesel from? I thought I would check here first to see if there were any potential drawbacks with this type of oil before I commit myself to using some. Regards Chris Bennett.. ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] recent news items of interest
Hi, I really find it hard to believe that a sufficient number of alternate fueled cars have replaced gas or diesel, to impact tax revenues. My guess is that the higher fuel prices have caused many to cut out non-essential driving. Taxing those who us alternate fuels has been going one for quite some time in many states. Those who burn propane in Kansas pay a yearly tax on estimated miles to be driven and receive a tax paid windshield decal for the year. IMO tax based on miles driven makes sense even, if it's going to be a PIA to do, fairly and accurately. Doug, N0LKK [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - From: info [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, February 27, 2005 7:21 AM Subject: [Biofuel] recent news items of interest : : : Hi all, : : It seems that authorities are losing money from gas taxes because : people are switching to alternative fuels. It appears to be making a dent : in their cash flow from highways..pity. Now they are thinking about other forms of revenue : such as miles travelled and tire taxes. Story below : : : Green Envy : http://www.kktv.com/news/headlines/1310642.html : : : some other interesting articles : : The Capture and Storage of Carbon Emissions : http://www.co2captureandstorage.info/project_specific.php4?project_id=55 : : : Environmental Group Wants Diesel Idling Time Cut in Half : http://www.alternate-energy.net/diesel_idle05.html : : : Climate change to bring a wave of new health risks : http://www.news.wisc.edu/10725.html : : : : Rollable Solar Panel Powers Notebook Computers : http://www.powerpage.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/powerpage.woa/wa/story?newsID=14227 : : : : : : Get your daily alternative energy news : : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/next_generation_grid : : news resources forums : : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tomorrow-energy : : : : Alternative Energy Politics : : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Alternative_Energy_Politics/ : : : : ___ : Biofuel mailing list : [EMAIL PROTECTED] : http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel : : Biofuel at Journey to Forever: : http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html : : Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): : http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ : ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] End of Suburbia and Ruralization
Pannir, I feel the same as you. The big cities ruin the ecology. The whole premis that millions of people should live jam packed in a city is wrong. Cities artificially compensate for the massive overtaxing of the ecology by building waste water treatment plants, storm water run off systems, concrete covered streets, and centralized energy distributions systems. The air stinks, the water has to be clorinated to be made safe, citizens must travel miles to get a gallon of milk or a loaf of bread. The total cost of living in a city is subsidized by taxing non-urban residents. The sole benefit to mankind for living in a city is incorrectly identified as efficiency. More jobs, more resources, less transportations costs, less fuel burned, less air pollution, but that is all bull. Everything needed to live in a city must be transported into, and within, the city. I have lived both in big cities and in the countryside. I now live one mile outside of a small rural town in northern Wisconsin. My one and only trip to New York city left me wondering why anyone would live there. It was filthy, noisy, crowded, most of the streets were in disrepair, the subway trains seemed to drag themselves along the tracks, facades were falling off the buildings (and killing pedestrians below), the only good thing I found was the ability to get great food at any hour of the day or night, but that is little compensation. Big cities are artificially sustained entities. Take Chicago for example. Of all the tax revenue collected by the state of Illinois, 90% goes to Cook county (Chicago). The rest of the state must live off the remaining 10%. If cities are so efficient, why must they be so heavily subsidized? The reality is they are not efficient; they are really inefficient public works projects. ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] subersive nature of knowledge
Keith wrote: That is one of the most important aspects of biofuels, IMO: the sheer impact on your outlook of making your own fuel for the first time and running your motor on it, knowing that it's BETTER than the stuff the big guys make, and that ANYBODY can do it, is more empowering than anything else I know of. If you can do this, then what else can you do??? And what else that you've been told for so long shouldn't you believe??? Very subversive! I have to admit, since finding this group and learning how to make biodiesel, I feel more confident. I now feel that I could, at least survive, if not get by if the economy tanks (make that when). Thanks again to you. Mikem ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Linseed oil suitability
disposal company. The oil is supplied filtered and dried in clean IBC containers. How suitable will this be for making biodiesel from? I thought I would check here first to see if there were any potential drawbacks with this type of oil before I commit myself to using some. Regards Chris Bennett.. It's a no-no, Chris, it polymerises: Many vegetable oils and some animal oils are 'drying' or 'semi-drying' and it is this which makes many oils such as linseed, tung and some fish oils suitable as the base of paints and other coatings. But it is also this property that further restricts their use as fuels. Drying results from the double bonds (and sometimes triple bonds) in the unsaturated oil molecules being broken by atmospheric oxygen and being converted to peroxides. Cross-linking at this site can then occur and the oil irreversibly polymerises into a plastic-like solid. That's about SVO but it applies to biodiesel too. Read more about it here: Iodine Values -- High Iodine Values -- Talking about the weathe http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html#iodine Best wishes Keith ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Linseed oil suitability
on 2/27/05 11:21 AM, Chris Bennett at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have been offered a supply of linseed oil by a local oil waste disposal company. The oil is supplied filtered and dried in clean IBC containers. How suitable will this be for making biodiesel from? I thought I would check here first to see if there were any potential drawbacks with this type of oil before I commit myself to using some. Being a drying oil, it will crosslink eventually in the presence of oxygen, which will cause it to thicken. I have used linseed biodiesel in my car, but only as a minor constituent (plenty of soy esters, olive esters, etc. in addition to the linseed) and only when I was prepared to empty my tank quickly (eg, a long trip where I'd have to refill with petrodiesel halfway anyway). -K ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] End of Suburbia and Ruralization
I like cities (depending on the city). I like the rural life too, I really don't know which I prefer. Both, I suppose. Some comments below... Pannir, I feel the same as you. The big cities ruin the ecology. The whole premis that millions of people should live jam packed in a city is wrong. Cities artificially compensate for the massive overtaxing of the ecology by building waste water treatment plants, storm water run off systems, concrete covered streets, and centralized energy distributions systems. The air stinks, the water has to be clorinated to be made safe, citizens must travel miles to get a gallon of milk or a loaf of bread. The total cost of living in a city is subsidized by taxing non-urban residents. The sole benefit to mankind for living in a city is incorrectly identified as efficiency. More jobs, more resources, less transportations costs, less fuel burned, less air pollution, but that is all bull. Everything needed to live in a city must be transported into, and within, the city. I have lived both in big cities and in the countryside. I now live one mile outside of a small rural town in northern Wisconsin. My one and only trip to New York city left me wondering why anyone would live there. It was filthy, noisy, crowded, most of the streets were in disrepair, the subway trains seemed to drag themselves along the tracks, facades were falling off the buildings (and killing pedestrians below), the only good thing I found was the ability to get great food at any hour of the day or night, but that is little compensation. Big cities are artificially sustained entities. Take Chicago for example. Of all the tax revenue collected by the state of Illinois, 90% goes to Cook county (Chicago). The rest of the state must live off the remaining 10%. If cities are so efficient, why must they be so heavily subsidized? The reality is they are not efficient; they are really inefficient public works projects. I don't think they necessarily have to be inefficient. In this thread we've been discussing food supplies for cities, among other things. I think cities can supply very much more of their own food than they currently do, and there are a lot of cities that can demonstrate that - or, perhaps more often, the cities themselves can't, but the inhabitants can, the community itself rather than officialdom. I pointed at our City farms pages at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/cityfarm.html City farms http://journeytoforever.org/cityfarm_link.html Resources for city farms I was also talking about urban farming in Japan - very extensive! Or widespread, rather, actually it's very intensive. I'm not the only one who thinks this, a lot of people do. They've just been discussing chickens over at the COMFOOD group, which deals with food security: From: Sympa user [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of HERBERT DREYER Sent: Tuesday, February 22, 2005 10:58 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [COMFOOD:] chicken You know, I once read that LA eats 7 to 8 million chickens a weekend! Of course that was a few years ago. From your way off target comfoodie (w apologies to my friend Michele) Herb Dreyer - Original Message - From: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED][EMAIL PROTECTED] Chicken is the most popular meat consumed in America. I am just guessing but probably 99% of the population eats it. Ken Hargesheimer From: Hank Herrera [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2005 11:39:48 -0500 Subject: RE: [COMFOOD:] chicken Using the latest available population estimates and per capita consumption estimates: In the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana Metropolitan Statistical Area the population in 2002 was 12,694,396. The US per capita consumption of chicken in 2003 was 82 pounds. If one chicken weighs out at 4 pounds, that is 20.5 chickens per person. Thus we can estimate that the residents of the Los Angeles MSA consume 260.2 million chickens per year, 5 million chickens per week, and 715,000 chickens per day. In terms of pounds LA MSA residents buy 2.9 million pounds of chicken daily. If chicken sells retail at $1.99 per pound in LA, then LA residents spend $5.7 million daily for chicken. How many small chicken farmers will that daily expenditure support? Hank From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2005 14:22:55 EST To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: [COMFOOD:] chickens per day Hank, Great thinking. I sincerely believe that one day in the future, small farmers will be providing a very large percentage of the food to a city. The truth is, most cities have the land to produce much of their food right now. The problem is that most people can not think in terms of farming. People are so removed from agriculture. When I was young my mother would telling me that if I ever used a four-letter dirty-word she would wash out my mouth with soap. In the 21st century, there is an
[Biofuel] Fwd: Uses of glycerin
Best wishes Keith Hello, I work at a wastewater treatment plant and I was doing a search on glycerin and biofuels and came across your website. It's has good information thanks. Here's another use of glycerin: Our treatment is accepting the glycerin from a biofuel producer, we feed it to our digesters, slowly very slowly. The addition of glycerin has dramatically increased our gas production, that we run all three engines that produce electricity for our plant and occasionally need to flare off the excess methane (we have 4 flares). This might be of interest to your readers that use digestion for electricity. ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
