[Biofuel] Methanol From Trees
Dear Friends, Why should we disturb the forest for the production of Methanol? Why cant we use the millions of acres of wasteland lying vacant ?I think we can grow millions of hardy and usefully trees like Pongamia,Neem,Tamrind and bushes like Jatropha,we should avoid monoculture. In South India I have seen these trees and bushes growing even in places where the rainfall is below 400mm this will be a better thing to produce methanol Regards, Shashi Kumar. - Do you Yahoo!? Express yourself with Y! Messenger! Free. Download now. ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Biodiesel University
Dear Friends, Can any one help me to find the name of universities in USA having PhD programmes on Biodiesel i have done my Masters in Botany in India Warm Greeetings, Ajay Kumar. [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Do you Yahoo!? vote.yahoo.com - Register online to vote today! ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [biofuel] What to plant for biodiesel
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:I have thought that cotton (seed) would be a good choice. How about it? /Ernie Rogers biofuel@yahoogroups.com writes: Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2004 20:36:55 -0700 (PDT) From: Rakesh Singh [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: which one is good for biodiesel Hi Guys, I want to do farming for bio-diesel in USA, which plant is the best suited for it? Hemp or Soyabean or something else? Can Jatropha be planted on USA? Is Jatropha better or hemp better? Could you point to a resource where I can find this kind of info.? thanks, rakesh Dear Rakesh You can plant Pongamia Pinnata if the place in which you want to plant trees should not have forst for more details search pongamia biodiesel BEST WISHES,Shashi. - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. - Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail - 50x more storage than other providers! [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] METHANOL from PONGAMIA PODS/SHELLS
balaji [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello Art, - Original Message - From: Art Krenzel [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, June 11, 2004 2:43 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Making Methanol from Glycerin ( was Re: Biodiesel Glycerin-to-Methanol Condensor plans ) Bob, I have worked with the biomass gasification process for quite a few years and the conversion efficiency of biomass carbon to methanol is more in the 20% region. Check http://www.refuelnet.de/content/refuelnet/pdf/SOMFB_99.pdf Very happy to learn of your work. I am personally involved in gasification of woody biomass for heat and power applications. Gasification conversion efficiency in the cold gas is ~80 - 85%. We have done some work in India on conversion of diesel to gas engines ( 5,000 hours on generators) with overall electrical conversion efficiency on smaller gas engines of 22-25% on HHV of biomass. Withal the delivered cost of energy per kWh is ~ US c 3.7 viz. less than half of what industry is charged by the utilities (~ US c 10/kWh). Was your work on up, down or crossdraft ? Did you use it for power generation or for thermal energy only ? What was the process followed for conversion of syngas to methanol ? What were the stage wise yields of methanol and the energy balance ? At today's natural gas prices, it is cheaper to produce methanol via gas synthesis than produce it via fermentation. Hang on though, prices might be changing soon. The real energy loser in the fermentation process (after production costs) is concentrating the methanol from a dilute water solution to a fuel quality liquid. It would be interesting to compare the costs in the tropics. The energy cost comparison heavily tilts the balance to biomass. For instance, the landed cost of wet (~30%) as cut wood in most urban centres in India is about US c 2.3/kg. The delivered cost of usable energy via gasification is ~ US $ 3.5/GJ @ 80% gasification efficiency. 'Natural gas' retails at US $ 9.2/GJ. DEAR BALAJI, Your message was very useful informative, I would like to like to know if METHANOL can be produced using the SHELLS of pongamia pods since only 50% by weight is kernel the other half is shell, if the shells are utlised to produce METHANOL then it will be a great idea to make biodiesel in India pls. do give the full details if this is possible REGARDS'' Shashi Kumar mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups SponsorADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. - Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail - 50x more storage than other providers! [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Biotechnology in Biodiesel?
GREETINGS Dear Keith, I came to know that presently in many labs through out the world useing enzymes instead of NAOH but they say the reaction is very slow I want to know if any Biotechnologyical process is involved in the presnt manufacturing of Biodiesel in which we use NAOH as a catlyst this question iam asking because one of the manufacturer i know claims that by using NAOH as a catylst it involves Biotechnological process pls do throw more light on this Best Wishes... Shashi,[EMAIL PROTECTED] as they have reconsidered fuel economy rules. The Silverado, the top-selling vehicle for G.M., is among the heaviest on the road. DETROIT, June 8 - An initial draft of a California global-warming regulation would require automakers to cut the amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases linked to climate change that their new vehicles emit by as much as 30 percent over the next decade. The draft is expected to be made public this week or next. People briefed on it said that the 30 percent figure could still be changed before it is released, though probably not by much. If adopted, the plan would have the effect of compelling the industry to make the cars, sport utility vehicles and other vehicles it sells in California much more fuel efficient. Unlike the particles and gases that contribute to air pollution and smog, whose emissions can be reduced technologically, the gases linked to global warming are an inevitable product of fuel combustion, and no way yet exists to filter them from engine exhaust. The only way to comply with the proposed rules would be to build vehicles that burn less fuel. Details of the draft proposal were described to The New York Times by environmental groups that were briefed on its contents last week. The California Legislature passed the nation's first law aimed at curbing global-warming emissions from cars and light-duty trucks in 2002. The law directed the state's Air Resources Board to come up with a plan this year. The proposal will be reviewed by regulators over the summer and fall, and then be subject to review by the state Legislature next year. If adopted, the proposed rules would take effect at the beginning of 2006, but give automakers until the 2009 model year to start meeting the requirements. As described to environmental groups, the rules would require progressively greater reductions in average emissions, reaching 30 percent in the 2015 model year. Officials at the state air board declined to comment. The proposal will have implications for Northeast states like New York that generally follow California's lead in setting air-quality rules. California, where smog has been an issue for decades, has the power to set alternative standards to Washington's because its regulations predated the federal Clean Air Act. The new rules would set the state even further apart from the federal government on environmental regulations. Nationally, fuel economy has stagnated for the last two decades as automakers have sold more sport utilities and large pickup trucks and a smaller proportion of passenger cars. The Bush administration has moved away from regulating global-warming emissions, withdrawing the United States from an international treaty known as the Kyoto Protocol meant to curb them. It's important California leads the way, frankly, because of the lack of leadership on the federal level, said Assemblywoman Fran Pavley, the Democrat from the Los Angeles area who sponsored the state law. But California's strategy seems certain to face a legal challenge from the auto industry, and potentially from the federal government. Both may argue that the proposal is pre-empted by federal authority to set fuel-economy regulations. In an interview in May, William Clay Ford Jr., chairman and chief executive of the Ford Motor Company, said, The issue for us is always going to be if individual states are doing their own thing, versus the federal government - it does make our life a lot more complicated. What will happen, of course, is that California will do its thing, and then New England will start to weigh in, New York State, and pretty soon we'll end up with a patchwork, he added. I really would like to have a national approach to this, because otherwise we and other manufacturers will have a really hard time responding. Elisa Lynch, the global-warming campaign director of Bluewater Network, a San Francisco environmental group, said the plan did not go far enough. This is a very conservative approach as it is, and the law calls for them to go as far as they can, Ms. Lynch said. This is a minimum of what they should have done. Kate Larsen, a policy associate at Environmental Defense, was more supportive. I think the numbers are good, and are based on real
[biofuel] biodiesel with pongamia oil
DEAR FRIENDs Can any one help me by giving the process for making Biodiesel at home in India from pongamia pinnata oil.In India we are useing this oil as SVO INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE Banglore has done a commendable job by electrifing Indian tribal villages where electricity was unheard,with pongam oil as svo.I would like to know if any of our friends have made Biodiesel with pongamia pinnata oil, pls give me a method where i can use it for my carShashi. home __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Domains Claim yours for only $14.70/year http://smallbusiness.promotions.yahoo.com/offer Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Insurer warns of global warming catastrophe
--- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: See below: Natural disaster deaths rise sevenfold Dear Keith , pls tell me the following: 1,how many tons of O2 will a 10 year old pongamia pinnata tree give us what amount of CO2 will it be able to absorb HOW do we calculate the same? pls. intimate meSHASHI TamilNadu India e.mail[EMAIL PROTECTED] From:Reuters Wednesday, 3rd March, 2004 By Thomas Atkins GENEVA (Reuters) - The world's second-largest reinsurer, Swiss Re, warned on Wednesday that the costs of natural disasters, aggravated by global warming, threatened to spiral out of control, forcing the human race into a catastrophe of its own making. In a report revealing how climate change is rising on the corporate agenda, Swiss Re said the economic costs of such disasters threatened to double to $150 billion (82 billion pounds) a year in 10 years, hitting insurers with $30-40 billion in claims, or the equivalent of one World Trade Centre attack annually. There is a danger that human intervention will accelerate and intensify natural climate changes to such a point that it will become impossible to adapt our socio-economic systems in time, Swiss Re said in the report. The human race can lead itself into this climatic catastrophe -- or it can avert it. The report comes as a growing number of policy experts warn that the environment is emerging as the security threat of the 21st century, eclipsing terrorism. Scientists expect global warming to trigger increasingly frequent and violent storms, heat waves, flooding, tornadoes, and cyclones while other areas slip into cold or drought. Sea levels will continue to rise, glaciers retreat and snow cover decline, the insurer wrote. EXPONENTIAL RISE Losses to insurers from environmental events have risen exponentially over the past 30 years, and are expected to rise even more rapidly still, said Swiss Re climate expert Pamela Heck. Scientists tell us that certain extreme events are going to increase in intensity and frequency in the future, Heck told Reuters by telephone. Climate change is very much in the mind of the insurance industry. Over the past century, the average global temperature has increased by 0.6 degrees Centigrade, the largest rise for the northern hemisphere in the past 1,000 years, Swiss Re said. In the short- and medium-term, simply knowing that the planet is warming will allow society to adapt, for example, through infrastructure to cope with more-frequent floods or by instructing farmers to use drought-resistant cereals. In other cases, governments need to restrict risk-taking, such as approving housing developments in low-lying areas, and improve catastrophe management capabilities. In the long term, Swiss Re said, greenhouse gases widely thought to trigger global warming will need to be reduced, the use of fossil fuels cut and new energy technologies developed. The role of the insurance industry is through establishing risk adequate tariffs and to give the risk taker the opportunity to implement appropriate measures to reduce the chance of possible losses, Heck said. Copyright (2003) Reuters. http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/24021/story.htm Natural disaster deaths rise sevenfold GERMANY: February 27, 2004 FRANKFURT - Natural disasters caused by extreme weather claimed seven times as many victims in 2003 as in the previous year and the trend is set to continue, says the world's biggest reinsurance company. Munich Re said in its annual review of natural catastrophes that earthquakes, heat waves and tornadoes had killed 75,000 people during the year, including 40,000 who died in December's severe earthquake in Iran. The figure was higher than the 50,000 estimate the company gave in a preliminary report in December, largely because the full effects of the Iranian earthquake were not yet known then, a Munich Re spokesman said. After three years of relative calm, no fewer than five great natural catastrophes occurred in 2003, the report said, saying the five events alone had accounted for about a third of all economic and insured losses. Apart from the Iranian earthquake, a heat wave that hit central and southern Europe in the summer claimed 20,000 lives, and an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale killed 2,200 in Algeria in May, the report said. The most expensive disasters for insurers, however, were in the United States, where tornadoes battered the Midwest in May and a heat wave caused drought and forest fires in California in October and November, destroying thousands of homes. The Californian fires cost the insurance industry some $2 billion (1.06 billion pounds) , Munich Re said, while a massive hailstorm in Texas during the tornadoes will go down in U.S.
[biofuel] OXYGEN Let out by TREES
Dear Keith; I want to know how to calculate the quantity of oxygen let out by a 5year old pongamia pinnata tree; pls. let me know how to calculate the quantity of CO2 absorbed by the tree.In India we take biodiesel from the seeds of this tree..WITH REGARDS..Shashi;Tamilnadu India.. [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Search - Find what youre looking for faster http://search.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
