Topband: LOG loop on ground testing vs end-fire beverage

[Andree DL8LAS via Topband]

 Hey gentlemen,today I campared my new LOG, it is 30m in the square,signals 
from NA were weak here , but a good day to 
test this simple new RX antenna.I switched between my 2x180m end-fire beverage, 
the LOG loop on ground,7m short HIZ vertical and TX T-antenna.here are two 
clips, W1AW beacon on 1802.5 Mhz and a short QSOwith N1PGA, John.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDJwG8dRqrA=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZQU23SkeY0
73 , Andy DL8LAS

 
www.dl8las.com
www.swing-company-bigband.de/
www.uni-big-band-kiel.de/
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Kenneth Silverman]

Thanks for all the replies on and off the reflector.  My antenna, now a 90'
top loaded vertical with 60 x 100' radials, was not transmitting well.
While trying to fix it, I changed from an inverted L to the top loaded
configuration, and I stripped off the hairpin coil (1/4" copper tubing) and
the choke.  The antenna is working better, but it's likely due to the new
top loaded configuration rather than the hairpin/choke.  With the antenna
tuned without the hairpin, I thought it would be easier to put on an UNUN
rather than retuning the antenna and putting the hairpin back on, which
will lower the frequency.

73, and I hope to CU in the 160 CW contest in 2 weeks.  Kenny K2KW

On Mon, Jan 17, 2022 at 3:18 PM Mike Furrey  wrote:

> Perhaps a "hair pin" match? I used a hair pin coil at the base of a
> vertical that was 35 ohms.
>
> 73, Mike WA5POK
>
>
> On Monday, January 17, 2022, 01:36:12 PM EST, Tim Duffy 
> wrote:
>
>
> I match my 26 ohm feed point with a simple L network. One series coil then
> a
> shunt capacitor. Steps up to 50 ohms perfectly.
>
> 73
> Tim K3LR
>
> -Original Message-
> From: Topband [mailto:topband-bounces+k3lr=k3lr@contesting.com] On
> Behalf Of Richard (Rick) Karlquist
> Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 1:10 PM
> To: Kenny Silverman; TopBand List
> Subject: Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN
>
> Maybe this will help:
>
> I use a 1:2.25 Unun (3 to 2 turns ratio).  It will match 22.2 ohms
> to 50 ohms.  It is wound on a single 2.4 inch diameter core of 77
> material.  A pair of RG-58 coax cables are wound around it in
> tandem.  I put on as many turns as would fit ... about 10 turns.
> The shields of the two coax cables are wired in parallel.
>
> This results in essentially a trifilar winding (1.  The shields;
> 2.  One of the center conductors  3. The other center conductor)
> This trifilar winding can then be connected in the usual way to
> get a 3 to 2 turns ratio autotransformer).  The order of the
> connections is:  center conductor #1, then the shields, then
> the #2 center conductor, in series.  The radio drives
> the 3 windings in series, and the antenna is tapped down to
> utilize only 2 of them.  I run this at 1,500 watts in
> contests with no problems at all.
>
> The concept is extensible to a quadfilar winding constructed
> from 3 coax cables in tandem (shields in parallel).  This can
> be wired with a 4 to 3 turns ratio resulting in a 1:1.77 UNUN.
> This matches 28.125 ohms to 50 ohms.  An alternate modality
> I have used is to use two coax cables as in the 1:2.25 UNUN,
> but make one of the coax cables from tri-ax.
>
> I can highly recommend UNUN's for the convenience factor if
> your drive impedance is compatible with the available ratios.
> They are broadband, no tuning.
>
> 73
> Rick N6RK
>
> On 1/17/2022 6:18 AM, Kenny Silverman wrote:
> > Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what
> type
> of core is needed?
> >
> > This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms.
> >
> > Regards , Kenny K2KW
> > _
> > Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband
> Reflector
>
> >
> _
> Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband
> Reflector
>
> _
> Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband
> Reflector
>
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Wes]

I'll second Rick's approach, although I've not incorporated it yet.  I built a 
parallel wire transformer per Sevick Fig 6-11.  It measures just fine.  Until 
it's installed I'm using an inverted-L with a shortened top wire which makes the 
feed capacitive.  A shunt inductor forms an L-network and is a built-in static 
bleed.


Wes  N7WS.

 On 1/17/2022 11:34 AM, Tim Duffy wrote:

I match my 26 ohm feed point with a simple L network. One series coil then a
shunt capacitor. Steps up to 50 ohms perfectly.

73
Tim K3LR

-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-bounces+k3lr=k3lr@contesting.com] On
Behalf Of Richard (Rick) Karlquist
Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 1:10 PM
To: Kenny Silverman; TopBand List
Subject: Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

Maybe this will help:

I use a 1:2.25 Unun (3 to 2 turns ratio).  It will match 22.2 ohms
to 50 ohms.  It is wound on a single 2.4 inch diameter core of 77
material.  A pair of RG-58 coax cables are wound around it in
tandem.  I put on as many turns as would fit ... about 10 turns.
The shields of the two coax cables are wired in parallel.

This results in essentially a trifilar winding (1.  The shields;
2.  One of the center conductors  3. The other center conductor)
This trifilar winding can then be connected in the usual way to
get a 3 to 2 turns ratio autotransformer).  The order of the
connections is:  center conductor #1, then the shields, then
the #2 center conductor, in series.  The radio drives
the 3 windings in series, and the antenna is tapped down to
utilize only 2 of them.  I run this at 1,500 watts in
contests with no problems at all.

The concept is extensible to a quadfilar winding constructed
from 3 coax cables in tandem (shields in parallel).  This can
be wired with a 4 to 3 turns ratio resulting in a 1:1.77 UNUN.
This matches 28.125 ohms to 50 ohms.  An alternate modality
I have used is to use two coax cables as in the 1:2.25 UNUN,
but make one of the coax cables from tri-ax.

I can highly recommend UNUN's for the convenience factor if
your drive impedance is compatible with the available ratios.
They are broadband, no tuning.

73
Rick N6RK




_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Mike Furrey]

 Perhaps a "hair pin" match? I used a hair pin coil at the base of a vertical 
that was 35 ohms.

73, Mike WA5POK


 On Monday, January 17, 2022, 01:36:12 PM EST, Tim Duffy  
wrote:  
 
 I match my 26 ohm feed point with a simple L network. One series coil then a
shunt capacitor. Steps up to 50 ohms perfectly.

73
Tim K3LR

-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-bounces+k3lr=k3lr@contesting.com] On
Behalf Of Richard (Rick) Karlquist
Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 1:10 PM
To: Kenny Silverman; TopBand List
Subject: Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

Maybe this will help:

I use a 1:2.25 Unun (3 to 2 turns ratio).  It will match 22.2 ohms
to 50 ohms.  It is wound on a single 2.4 inch diameter core of 77
material.  A pair of RG-58 coax cables are wound around it in
tandem.  I put on as many turns as would fit ... about 10 turns.
The shields of the two coax cables are wired in parallel.

This results in essentially a trifilar winding (1.  The shields;
2.  One of the center conductors  3. The other center conductor)
This trifilar winding can then be connected in the usual way to
get a 3 to 2 turns ratio autotransformer).  The order of the
connections is:  center conductor #1, then the shields, then
the #2 center conductor, in series.  The radio drives
the 3 windings in series, and the antenna is tapped down to
utilize only 2 of them.  I run this at 1,500 watts in
contests with no problems at all.

The concept is extensible to a quadfilar winding constructed
from 3 coax cables in tandem (shields in parallel).  This can
be wired with a 4 to 3 turns ratio resulting in a 1:1.77 UNUN.
This matches 28.125 ohms to 50 ohms.  An alternate modality
I have used is to use two coax cables as in the 1:2.25 UNUN,
but make one of the coax cables from tri-ax.

I can highly recommend UNUN's for the convenience factor if
your drive impedance is compatible with the available ratios.
They are broadband, no tuning.

73
Rick N6RK

On 1/17/2022 6:18 AM, Kenny Silverman wrote:
> Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type
of core is needed?
> 
> This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms.
> 
> Regards , Kenny K2KW
> _
> Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband
Reflector
> 
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
  
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1/4 wave sloper..aka half sloper.

[Mark Robinson]

My sloper is fed at the 72 foot point on an 86 foot tower where the coax 
is grounded to the tower leg and with about 12 feet of mast above the 
tower ..  This wasn't enough on 160 and I added a 130 foot counterpoise 
wire which is connected to the tower leg where the coax is attached and 
goes out at about a 45 degree angle.


73 Mark N1UK

On 16-Jan-22 4:06 AM, Robert Parkes via Topband wrote:

With regard to the discussion on 1/4 wave slopers are members feeding the 
sloper at the top end against the tower or at the bottom against the ground 
system ?
My understanding from the ARRL HB  is a 1/4 wave sloper was fed at the top 
against the Tower.
73sBobG3REP (ex-VS5RP. P29PR, A45XF, 4S7RPG, S21YP)
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector


_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Tim Duffy]

I match my 26 ohm feed point with a simple L network. One series coil then a
shunt capacitor. Steps up to 50 ohms perfectly.

73
Tim K3LR

-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-bounces+k3lr=k3lr@contesting.com] On
Behalf Of Richard (Rick) Karlquist
Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 1:10 PM
To: Kenny Silverman; TopBand List
Subject: Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

Maybe this will help:

I use a 1:2.25 Unun (3 to 2 turns ratio).  It will match 22.2 ohms
to 50 ohms.  It is wound on a single 2.4 inch diameter core of 77
material.  A pair of RG-58 coax cables are wound around it in
tandem.  I put on as many turns as would fit ... about 10 turns.
The shields of the two coax cables are wired in parallel.

This results in essentially a trifilar winding (1.  The shields;
2.  One of the center conductors  3. The other center conductor)
This trifilar winding can then be connected in the usual way to
get a 3 to 2 turns ratio autotransformer).  The order of the
connections is:  center conductor #1, then the shields, then
the #2 center conductor, in series.  The radio drives
the 3 windings in series, and the antenna is tapped down to
utilize only 2 of them.  I run this at 1,500 watts in
contests with no problems at all.

The concept is extensible to a quadfilar winding constructed
from 3 coax cables in tandem (shields in parallel).  This can
be wired with a 4 to 3 turns ratio resulting in a 1:1.77 UNUN.
This matches 28.125 ohms to 50 ohms.  An alternate modality
I have used is to use two coax cables as in the 1:2.25 UNUN,
but make one of the coax cables from tri-ax.

I can highly recommend UNUN's for the convenience factor if
your drive impedance is compatible with the available ratios.
They are broadband, no tuning.

73
Rick N6RK

On 1/17/2022 6:18 AM, Kenny Silverman wrote:
> Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type
of core is needed?
> 
> This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms.
> 
> Regards , Kenny K2KW
> _
> Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband
Reflector
> 
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Richard (Rick) Karlquist]

Maybe this will help:

I use a 1:2.25 Unun (3 to 2 turns ratio).  It will match 22.2 ohms
to 50 ohms.  It is wound on a single 2.4 inch diameter core of 77
material.  A pair of RG-58 coax cables are wound around it in
tandem.  I put on as many turns as would fit ... about 10 turns.
The shields of the two coax cables are wired in parallel.

This results in essentially a trifilar winding (1.  The shields;
2.  One of the center conductors  3. The other center conductor)
This trifilar winding can then be connected in the usual way to
get a 3 to 2 turns ratio autotransformer).  The order of the
connections is:  center conductor #1, then the shields, then
the #2 center conductor, in series.  The radio drives
the 3 windings in series, and the antenna is tapped down to
utilize only 2 of them.  I run this at 1,500 watts in
contests with no problems at all.

The concept is extensible to a quadfilar winding constructed
from 3 coax cables in tandem (shields in parallel).  This can
be wired with a 4 to 3 turns ratio resulting in a 1:1.77 UNUN.
This matches 28.125 ohms to 50 ohms.  An alternate modality
I have used is to use two coax cables as in the 1:2.25 UNUN,
but make one of the coax cables from tri-ax.

I can highly recommend UNUN's for the convenience factor if
your drive impedance is compatible with the available ratios.
They are broadband, no tuning.

73
Rick N6RK

On 1/17/2022 6:18 AM, Kenny Silverman wrote:

Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type of 
core is needed?

This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms.

Regards , Kenny K2KW
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector


_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Frank W3LPL]

Hi Pete, 

1/4 wave electrical length. 

89 feet for two RG-11 solid dielectric coaxes in parallel. 

73 
Frank 
W3LPL 


From: "Pete N4ZR N4ZR"  
To: "donovanf"  
Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 5:12:48 PM 
Subject: Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN 



lengths? 1/4 wave? 
73, Pete N4ZR
Check out the new Reverse Beacon Network
web server at [ http://beta.reversebeacon.net/ | 
 ] .
For spots, please use your favorite 
"retail" DX cluster. 
On 1/17/2022 11:29 AM, Frank W3LPL wrote: 



Hi Kenny,

A very workable alternative is to use two lengths of 75 ohm coax
in parallel.  RG-11 is the best choice, but two lengths of RG-6
will also work. No need to coil it up, simply use it as part
of your transmission line from your antenna base to your station.

73
Frank
W3LPL

- Original Message -
From: "Kenneth Silverman" [ mailto:kenny.k...@gmail.com | 
 ] To: "topband" [ mailto:topband@contesting.com | 
 ] Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 2:18:30 PM
Subject: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type of 
core is needed?

This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms. 

Regards , Kenny K2KW 
_
Searchable Archives: [ http://www.contesting.com/_topband | 
http://www.contesting.com/_topband ] - Topband Reflector
_
Searchable Archives: [ http://www.contesting.com/_topband | 
http://www.contesting.com/_topband ] - Topband Reflector 



_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Tree]

1/4 wavelength of 75 / 2 = 37.5 Ohms

Will take your 28 ohms very close to 50.

On Mon, Jan 17, 2022 at 8:47 AM Kenny Silverman 
wrote:

> Thanks Frank. Are these 1/4 wl lines?  And are T-connectors OK?
>
> Regards , Kenny K2KW
>
> > On Jan 17, 2022, at 11:29 AM, Frank W3LPL 
> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Kenny,
> >
> > A very workable alternative is to use two lengths of 75 ohm coax
> > in parallel.  RG-11 is the best choice, but two lengths of RG-6
> > will also work. No need to coil it up, simply use it as part
> > of your transmission line from your antenna base to your station.
> >
> > 73
> > Frank
> > W3LPL
> >
> > - Original Message -
> > From: "Kenneth Silverman" 
> > To: "topband" 
> > Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 2:18:30 PM
> > Subject: Topband: 1:2 UNUN
> >
> > Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what
> type of core is needed?
> >
> > This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms.
> >
> > Regards , Kenny K2KW
> > _
> > Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband
> Reflector
> _
> Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband
> Reflector
>
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Frank W3LPL]

Kenny -

Yes, 1/4 wavelength electrical length. 89 feet of RG-11 (not the
foam dielectric version used for CATV)

UHF T connectors are fine, if you need any I'll give them to you.

73
Frank
W3LPL



- Original Message -
From: "Kenneth Silverman" 
To: "donovanf" 
Cc: "topband" 
Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 4:47:37 PM
Subject: Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

Thanks Frank. Are these 1/4 wl lines?  And are T-connectors OK?

Regards , Kenny K2KW 

> On Jan 17, 2022, at 11:29 AM, Frank W3LPL  wrote:
> 
> Hi Kenny,
> 
> A very workable alternative is to use two lengths of 75 ohm coax
> in parallel.  RG-11 is the best choice, but two lengths of RG-6
> will also work. No need to coil it up, simply use it as part
> of your transmission line from your antenna base to your station.
> 
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
> 
> - Original Message -
> From: "Kenneth Silverman" 
> To: "topband" 
> Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 2:18:30 PM
> Subject: Topband: 1:2 UNUN
> 
> Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type of 
> core is needed?
> 
> This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms. 
> 
> Regards , Kenny K2KW 
> _
> Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Frank W3LPL]

Hi Kenny,

A very workable alternative is to use two lengths of 75 ohm coax
in parallel.  RG-11 is the best choice, but two lengths of RG-6
will also work. No need to coil it up, simply use it as part
of your transmission line from your antenna base to your station.

73
Frank
W3LPL

- Original Message -
From: "Kenneth Silverman" 
To: "topband" 
Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 2:18:30 PM
Subject: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type of 
core is needed?

This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms. 

Regards , Kenny K2KW 
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Kenny Silverman]

Thanks Frank. Are these 1/4 wl lines?  And are T-connectors OK?

Regards , Kenny K2KW 

> On Jan 17, 2022, at 11:29 AM, Frank W3LPL  wrote:
> 
> Hi Kenny,
> 
> A very workable alternative is to use two lengths of 75 ohm coax
> in parallel.  RG-11 is the best choice, but two lengths of RG-6
> will also work. No need to coil it up, simply use it as part
> of your transmission line from your antenna base to your station.
> 
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
> 
> - Original Message -
> From: "Kenneth Silverman" 
> To: "topband" 
> Sent: Monday, January 17, 2022 2:18:30 PM
> Subject: Topband: 1:2 UNUN
> 
> Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type of 
> core is needed?
> 
> This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms. 
> 
> Regards , Kenny K2KW 
> _
> Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Topband: Software

[Brian Beezley]

I've posted about my software on TowerTalk, but I completely forgot 
about Topband. 160m ops may find these Windows programs useful.


I've written a program that calculates ground permittivity, 
conductivity, and skin depth using impedance data from a soil probe and 
vector network analyzer, such as a NanoVNA. Realistic ground parameters 
are important when evaluating antenna models, especially on 160m. 
General terrain descriptions and ground conductivity maps are much too 
coarse. Ground parameters also vary with frequency. With a soil probe 
you can determine the parameters of your local ground at the frequency 
of interest. Skin depth can help you assess the limitation of a surface 
probe when the ground is inhomogeneous.


See README.TXT for instructions. It includes references on making and 
using a soil probe.


http://ham-radio.com/k6sti/gnd.zip

I've recently updated my coil inductance and Q calculator. It's useful 
for designing antenna loading coils, amplifier tank circuits, and 
low-loss Litz receiving coils on 160m. The program calculates inductance 
and Q for solenoids made of solid or Litz wire. It accounts for wire 
alloy, form dielectric, dielectric ribs or ridges, coil leads, and 
polygonal coil shapes. The program can automatically maximize coil Q 
while keeping inductance constant. It can plot Q versus frequency. It 
can provide results as an RLC model for wideband circuit or antenna 
analysis.


To validate accuracy, the documentation compares calculated values with 
hundreds of inductance and Q measurements made with an HP 4342A Q meter 
on dozens of coils of widely varying size and shape. For the coils from 
my own junkbox, average error magnitude is 2% for inductance and 5% for Q.


http://ham-radio.com/k6sti/coil.zip

False virus detection sometimes occurs. Whenever I have doubts, I submit 
the URL to VirusTotal. It will check it with nearly 100 different 
antivirus programs.


https://www.virustotal.com

Brian
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Re: Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Bill Shell - N6WS]

Kenny,

I used three large torroid cores, 12AWG silver/teflon wire, and 10 
turns/14 turns to match 25 ohms to 50 ohms.  There is a picture of the 
transformer in my Phasing Switch Box at:


https://www.n6ws.com/projects/

To give you some perspective of size, it is in a 8" x 8" box.

73, Bill
N6WS

On 1/17/2022 6:18 AM, Kenny Silverman wrote:

Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type of 
core is needed?

This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms.

Regards , Kenny K2KW
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Topband: 1:2 UNUN

[Kenny Silverman]

Does anyone have a drawing on how to wind a 1500w 1:2 UNUN?  And what type of 
core is needed?

This is for my 160m vertical which is about 28 ohms. 

Regards , Kenny K2KW 
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector

Topband: My first stations from USA in 2022

[uy0zg]

Hey

Due to protracted problems, I was only able to arrive at my station on 
January 15th.


Installed a new beverage in the USA, Australia and a switch on four 
receiving antennas


( The switch is made by UW7LL ).

http://www.topband.in.ua/2022/01/17/beverage-for-vk-and-a-new-switchboard-at-station-uy0zg/

The conditions were quite weak ( A = 22 ) . But I managed to hear over 
ten North American stations.


I am very pleased with the first contacts in 2022 with the USA (  my 
night on january 16 )  - N1UR, K1JB, WP3C, W5MX.



--
Nick, UY0ZG
http://www.topband.in.ua
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector