RE: [Vo]:D. Alexandrov, Proposal for the development of an LENR reactor

[bobcook39...@hotmail.com]

Two obvious questions avoided by the paper:


  1.  What is the theory—a reference would normally be included.


  1.  What is the “/Coating layer/ on the cathode satisfying some special 
requirements;?”


This information is likely a University/researcher trade secret or part of a 
patent being prepared—more likely a trade secret IMHO.

I would guess the coating is a compound that reduces the work function for 
absorption of H and D into the crystal lattice of the cathode.  And that the 
cathode lattice is composed of atoms heavy enough to entail “heavy electrons” 
in their atomic electronic structure closest to their nucleus.  Electrons that 
are too heavy will not work to produce LENR, because of a lack of the 
appropriate energy to allow conservation of energy and angular momentum in one 
reaction.

TOO BAD—SO GOES OPEN SCIENCE.

Bob Cook

---
From: Andrew Meulenberg
Sent: Tuesday, February 26, 2019 7:46 PM
To: VORTEX
Subject: Re: [Vo]:D. Alexandrov, Proposal for the development of an LENR reactor

I have rejected the common concept of "heavy" electrons as applicable to LENR 
by simple reasoning. The definition of electron and hole effective mass in a 
semiconductor refers to the acceleration in that material from a force applied, 
m = F/a). This mass increase does not apply within a confinement site and, 
particularly, not at the nuclear level. Nevertheless, spatial confinement can 
significantly distort atomic orbital shapes and energy levels and this could 
lead to unusual effects. Also, confinement allows an increase in electron 
kinetic-energy levels and thus a decrease in average proximity of the electron 
to a nucleus. Nevertheless, the increased energy levels are on the eV level, 
not even at the 10s of eV level.

On the other hand, such confinement, while not as great as that produced by the 
higher mass of a muon, can have a significant effect (nearly an 
order-of-magnitude) on the number of interactions per second with, and on the 
tunneling probability of atomic electrons into, nuclei in the confinement 
region. Unfortunately, any nuclear reaction induced by such electrons will be 
limited and of the "hot" fusion type.

It takes something more to make relativistic electrons. That is where the 
deep-electron orbits enter the picture. They can have binding energies in the 
hundreds of keV and kinetic energies in the 100s of MeV. This would not give 
hot-fusion type results. Strangely enough, the deep orbits are long predicted 
by relativistic quantum mechanics. They just were not believed because nobody 
had seen them, or their results. With cold fusion, we can now see their results.

Andrew
_ _ _

On Mon, Feb 25, 2019 at 10:08 PM 
bobcook39...@hotmail.com 
mailto:bobcook39...@hotmail.com>> wrote:
Several leading questions about “heavy electrons”:


  *   Do heavy electrons fit in the standard Model?
  *   If so, what is their relativistic KE?
  *   If relativistic. What keeps them from leaving the semi conductor surface?

Bob Cook



From: Jones Beene mailto:jone...@pacbell.net>>
Sent: Monday, February 25, 2019 6:28:44 PM
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: Re: [Vo]:D. Alexandrov, Proposal for the development of an LENR reactor

Interesting.

Alexandrov's concept of providing "heavy electrons" as apparently are seen in 
semiconductor technology - in order to catalyze the fusion of hydrogen and 
deuterium sounds a lot like muon catalyzed fusion.

In fact the muon is sometimes referred to as a "heavy electron" since it is a 
heavy lepton. Curious that he does not emphasize that connection as it would 
add to the credibility of his concept. Muon catalyzed fusion was proved over 
fifty years ago beyond any doubt.

However, muon catalyzed fusion is "hot". This has no gammas. Is this something 
in between ?

Jones


Jed Rothwell wrote:


See:

http://canadiancor.com/proposal-for-the-development-of-an-lenr-reactor/

QUOTE

Proposal for the development of an LENR reactor

Introduction:

Canadian researcher, Dr. Dimiter Alexandrov, Lakehead University, in his 
semiconductor research laboratory, performed successful replicable LENR (Low 
Energy Nuclear Reaction) experiments considering interactions of both deuterium 
and hydrogen gases with certain metals in a vacuum chamber. The products of 
these LENR experiments were helium (both stable isotopes He-3 and He-4) and 
heat. No radiation above the normal background was detected during the 
experiments. He also developed a theory explaining the observed experimental 
outcomes. Based on this early work he has prepared the following proposal to 
develop a LENR reactor which is being submitted for the next stage of his R 
. . .

Re: [Vo]:Superconductivity at temperatures around 77 degrees Fahrenheit

[Brian Ahern]

I am very interested in this from a molecular orbital basis.
What is a hole?  Is it just an unfilled molecular orbital?  Is it "where the 
electrons ain't"?


From: Axil Axil 
Sent: Tuesday, February 26, 2019 3:23 PM
To: vortex-l
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Superconductivity at temperatures around 77 degrees Fahrenheit

Hilmlid claims that his theory of Ultra dense hydrogen is based on the hole 
superconductor theory put forth by  J. E. 
Hirsch.
 This theory is based to energy minimization and the theory of least action.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.09777

Why only hole conductors can be superconductors
J. E. 
Hirsch
(Submitted on 20 Mar 2017)
The conventional theory of superconductivity says that charge carriers in a 
metal that becomes superconducting can be either electrons or holes. I argue 
that this is incorrect. In order to satisfy conservation of mechanical momentum 
and of entropy of the universe in the superconductor to normal transition in 
the presence of a magnetic field it is necessary that the normal state charge 
carriers are holes. I will also review the empirical evidence in favor of the 
hypothesis that all superconductors are hole superconductors, and discuss the 
implications of this for the search for higher Tc   superconductors.

---

Another concept that might be in play in ultra dense hydrogen is nonequilibrium 
superconductivity through polaritons. Polaritons might take hold in the  
Bose-Fermi mixture formed by a cavity exciton-polariton condensate interacting 
with a two-dimensional electron system that forms on the surface of the ultra 
dense hydrogen electron cover layer.

In a nonequilibrium superconductor, the process of superconductivity is pumped 
through the input of energy like a laser and the maximum  temperature of 
formation of the  superconductor state is a function of the density  of 
polaritons in the polariton condensate and not from ambient temperature.




On Tue, Feb 26, 2019 at 9:10 AM Jones Beene 
mailto:jone...@pacbell.net>> wrote:
Here is another paper by the inventor Salvatore Pais.

Initially, this makes one wonder if either Dr Pais is an alien from an advanced 
civilization, a collection of Navy jokesters, or a nut-case deluxe. OTOH - the 
paper is just competent enough to be taken somewhat seriously, despite its lack 
of provenance.

https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2019-0869

I'm thinking that Pais could have been one of the aliens recovered at Roswell 
who has finally been allowed to go public.. or ...

Think about the literal meaning of his name... not exactly MAGA but close and 
about as near to a spoof as the Navy could ever get at this high a level.



According to Keith Johnson's formalism, what is the highest Tc which is 
possible ?

Did he consider both Type-I and Type-II ?

Brian Ahern wrote:

> Keith Johnson retired from MIT in 1996. His formalism is known to a small 
> number of scientists.


https://phys.org/news/2019-02-navy-patent-room-temperature-superconductor.html#jCp