[Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:'Quiescence' – a detailed causation speculation.
Thanks Robin for responding… My theory of operations regarding the Rossi powder requires that the metal(s) must be paramagnetic at the operating temperature of the reactor. This comes from Dr. Kim who states that the powder be weakly reactive magnetically to form a coherent proton based Bose-Einstein condensate as follows… http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2746057/posts: “*The generalized BECNF theory [4] can be applied to the case of hydrogen-nickel fusion reactions observed in Rossi‟s device (the energy catalyzer) [5] under the following two conditions: (1) additives used (not disclosed in the patent application) form Ni alloy and/or Ni metal/alloy oxide in the surface regions of nickel nano-scale particles, so that Ni atoms/nuclei become mobile with a sufficiently large diffusion coefficient and (2) local magnetic field is very weak in the surface regions, providing a suitable environment in which two neighboring protons can couple their spins anti-parallel to form spin-zero singlet state (S=0). Relatively low Curie temperature (nickel has the Curie temperature of 631 * *oK (~358 oC)) is expected to help to maintain the weak magnetic field in the surface regions. If Rossi‟s device is operated at temperatures greater than the Curie temperature ~ 358 oC and with hydrogen pressures of up to ~ 22 bars, the conditions (1) and (2) may have been achieved in Rossi's device.* ** The nickel recrystallization temperature of 600C is probably enhanced by the nano structure of the powder but 600C provides a good rule of thumb recrystallization temperature for nickel. The working range of the paramagnetic nickel powder is therefore 358C to 600C, Iron does not have a similar working range because its curie point is about 750C and this is way above the recrystallization temperature of 400C. IOW, Iron has a negative working temperature range making it nonfunctional magnetically and therefore cannot be used as as a component material for the Rossi powder. I now believe that the tubercles need to be constructed on a nickel base like little turbine blades to defeat 'Quiescence'. A new and improve micro powder might well be formulated to have a long life if a paramagnetic refectory metal like polycrystalline Molybdenum and/or tungsten was used to create a patch electrostatic base layer to dissociate hydrogen and tubercles made from carbon nanotubes was used to electrostatically radiate that static patch field charge to the hydrogen(H2) molecules to produce H+ ions. Tungsten may be problematic because hydrogen ions do not penetrate deeply into tungsten to reach the nickel substrate whereas Moly may work better in this regard. Some moly alloy like *TZM*(*Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum*) might also be superior to pure moly. The alloy exhibits a higher creep resistance and strength at high temperatures, making service temperatures of above 1060°C possible for the material. As a clarifying summation, this refectory layer of transition metal(s) would serve as a thin surface coating on a micro sized bulk substrate of nickel as that metal is currently used in Rossi’s design. Best regards: Axil On Sun, Jan 15, 2012 at 3:36 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Sun, 15 Jan 2012 01:02:42 -0500: Hi, [snip] Recrystallization temperatures for different metals… Nickel---600C, Iron---450C, Copper---200C, Aluminum---150C, Zinc---Room Temperature, As depicted in the table above, even if copper can be used as a replacement for Nickel in the Rossi reaction, the operating temperature of copper nano-powder will be very low. ...However iron would have a reasonable working temperature, and there is a lot more iron than nickel (making it much cheaper). Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
[Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:'Quiescence' - a detailed causation speculation.
What is the recrystallization temp of chromium - mentioned by Stoyan Sarg as likely substitute for nickel with similar 'dip' in Coulomb barrier energy for fusion? - Original Message - From: mix...@bigpond.com To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Sunday, January 15, 2012 2:36 PM Subject: Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:'Quiescence' - a detailed causation speculation. In reply to Axil Axil's message of Sun, 15 Jan 2012 01:02:42 -0500: Hi, [snip] Recrystallization temperatures for different metals. Nickel---600C, Iron---450C, Copper---200C, Aluminum---150C, Zinc---Room Temperature, As depicted in the table above, even if copper can be used as a replacement for Nickel in the Rossi reaction, the operating temperature of copper nano-powder will be very low. ...However iron would have a reasonable working temperature, and there is a lot more iron than nickel (making it much cheaper). Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:'Quiescence' a detailed causation speculation.
In reply to Axil Axil's message of Sun, 15 Jan 2012 18:14:05 -0500: Hi Axil, [snip] Thanks Robin for responding My theory of operations regarding the Rossi powder requires that the metal(s) must be paramagnetic at the operating temperature of the reactor. This comes from Dr. Kim who states that the powder be weakly reactive magnetically to form a coherent proton based Bose-Einstein condensate as follows http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2746057/posts: *The generalized BECNF theory [4] can be applied to the case of hydrogen-nickel fusion reactions observed in Rossi?s device (the energy catalyzer) [5] under the following two conditions: (1) additives used (not disclosed in the patent application) form Ni alloy and/or Ni metal/alloy oxide in the surface regions of nickel nano-scale particles, so that Ni atoms/nuclei become mobile with a sufficiently large diffusion coefficient and (2) local magnetic field is very weak in the surface regions, providing a suitable environment in which two neighboring protons can couple their spins anti-parallel to form spin-zero singlet state (S=0). Relatively low Curie temperature (nickel has the Curie temperature of 631 * *oK (~358 oC)) is expected to help to maintain the weak magnetic field in the surface regions. If Rossi?s device is operated at temperatures greater than the Curie temperature ~ 358 oC and with hydrogen pressures of up to ~ 22 bars, the conditions (1) and (2) may have been achieved in Rossi's device.* ** The nickel recrystallization temperature of 600C is probably enhanced by the nano structure of the powder but 600C provides a good rule of thumb recrystallization temperature for nickel. The working range of the paramagnetic nickel powder is therefore 358C to 600C, Iron does not have a similar working range because its curie point is about 750C and this is way above the recrystallization temperature of 400C. IOW, Iron has a negative working temperature range making it nonfunctional magnetically and therefore cannot be used as as a component material for the Rossi powder. There is however a whole range of stainless steals with varying magnetic properties. Perhaps one can be found to suit? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
[Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:'Quiescence' – a detailed causation speculation.
“There is however a whole range of stainless steels with varying magnetic properties. Perhaps one can be found to suit?” This is true. Austenitic stainless steels like 304 used by Piantelli and 316L used by Rossi are non-magnetic. Magnetic force lines will pass through this type of stainless steel unaffected. For example, the frequency generator (FG) mounted on the outside of the 316L reaction vessel array in the 1 megawatt big cat reactor will penetrate into the interior of the Rossi reaction vessel without any modification or attenuation. The magnetic field originating in the FG may produce additional Rydberg atoms in the hydrogen envelop and leave the nickel micro-powder unaffected since above its Curie temperature of 355 °C, bulk nickel is non-magnetic. If the FG was activated at startup when the nickel was cold, no quantum mechanical coherence would develop in the nickel and the Rossi reaction would fail to light off. This is why the FG is initiated when the reactor has stabilized once constant operating temperature is reached. The SS polycrystalline nano-structure that I think is needed in the catalytic micro-powder may be provided by cold pressing SS nano-powder of various crystal configurations. This requirement is an exercise in nano-engineering and it should be possible to meet it someday. Best Regards: Axil 2012/1/15 mix...@bigpond.com In reply to Axil Axil's message of Sun, 15 Jan 2012 18:14:05 -0500: Hi Axil, [snip] Thanks Robin for responding… My theory of operations regarding the Rossi powder requires that the metal(s) must be paramagnetic at the operating temperature of the reactor. This comes from Dr. Kim who states that the powder be weakly reactive magnetically to form a coherent proton based Bose-Einstein condensate as follows… http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2746057/posts: “*The generalized BECNF theory [4] can be applied to the case of hydrogen-nickel fusion reactions observed in Rossi?s device (the energy catalyzer) [5] under the following two conditions: (1) additives used (not disclosed in the patent application) form Ni alloy and/or Ni metal/alloy oxide in the surface regions of nickel nano-scale particles, so that Ni atoms/nuclei become mobile with a sufficiently large diffusion coefficient and (2) local magnetic field is very weak in the surface regions, providing a suitable environment in which two neighboring protons can couple their spins anti-parallel to form spin-zero singlet state (S=0). Relatively low Curie temperature (nickel has the Curie temperature of 631 * *oK (~358 oC)) is expected to help to maintain the weak magnetic field in the surface regions. If Rossi?s device is operated at temperatures greater than the Curie temperature ~ 358 oC and with hydrogen pressures of up to ~ 22 bars, the conditions (1) and (2) may have been achieved in Rossi's device.* ** The nickel recrystallization temperature of 600C is probably enhanced by the nano structure of the powder but 600C provides a good rule of thumb recrystallization temperature for nickel. The working range of the paramagnetic nickel powder is therefore 358C to 600C, Iron does not have a similar working range because its curie point is about 750C and this is way above the recrystallization temperature of 400C. IOW, Iron has a negative working temperature range making it nonfunctional magnetically and therefore cannot be used as as a component material for the Rossi powder. There is however a whole range of stainless steals with varying magnetic properties. Perhaps one can be found to suit? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
