Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
In reply to Jürg Wyttenbach's message of Wed, 3 Jan 2024 08:50:35 +0100: Hi, [snip] >There is only one physics = reality. >Santilli, Mills,Holmlid all see the same shrunken hydrogen. Without the H*/D* >step there is no CF/LENR. ...but they all have different explanations for it. :) >For certain coatings we see X-ray spectra in the range from 4keV..16keV (our >CsI PMT limit) what indicates that >e.g. D*-D* undergoes certain partly >reversible fusion steps. Mills goes down in steps of varying size, depending on the current level, which may be a good fit for your 4-16keV. Note that keV energies from Hydrinos doesn't necessarily imply fusion, hence you may not be looking at "partly reversible fusion". Also check out Mills "disproportionation" where one Hydrino goes to a lower level while another goes to a higher level. >One thing we try to find out are the quantization steps between D*,D*',D*''. >Some spectra did tell its 6keV but >this was within powders. Holmlid believes >in 1,4,16,64x steps what would mean 1,4,16keV. So 4 D*-D* would >promote 1 >D*'D*'. However as you point out, in a powder, you may be getting x-rays from the atoms of the powder itself, if one of it's inner electrons gets knocked out by an energetic particle. This should be easy enough to check. The x-ray spectra of the elements are pretty well known, so you could check the values you measure against the tables to see if they match the elements in the powder. (Assuming, of course, that you know what the powder is.) > >What is interesting about this is the fact that the half live goes down for >lower energy D*'' but only >noticeable if you have a catalyst. The calculated >half live for D*-D* is about 23 hours what matches well with >some P results >(long ramp up). But this is speculation until we have better = more controlled >experiments. If Hydrinos are smaller they sit closer to other nuclei, and hence the reaction half life is less. You need a catalyst to create the Hydrinos. Interestingly perhaps, Holmlid uses potassium, which is also a catalyst according to Mills. :) [snip] Regards, Robin van Spaandonk Buy electric cars and recharge them from solar panels on your roof.
Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
Are you referring to the same reaction Prof. Leif Holmlid was talking about? There is only one physics = reality. Santilli, Mills,Holmlid all see the same shrunken hydrogen. Without the H*/D* step there is no CF/LENR. For certain coatings we see X-ray spectra in the range from 4keV..16keV (our CsI PMT limit) what indicates that e.g. D*-D* undergoes certain partly reversible fusion steps. One thing we try to find out are the quantization steps between D*,D*',D*''. Some spectra did tell its 6keV but this was within powders. Holmlid believes in 1,4,16,64x steps what would mean 1,4,16keV. So 4 D*-D* would promote 1 D*'D*'. What is interesting about this is the fact that the half live goes down for lower energy D*'' but only noticeable if you have a catalyst. The calculated half live for D*-D* is about 23 hours what matches well with some P results (long ramp up). But this is speculation until we have better = more controlled experiments. J.W. On 03.01.2024 06:29, Robin wrote: Are you referring to the same reaction Prof. Leif Holmlid was talking about? -- Jürg Wyttenbach Bifangstr. 22 8910 Affoltern am Albis +41 44 760 14 18 +41 79 246 36 06
Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
In reply to Jürg Wyttenbach's message of Wed, 3 Jan 2024 06:19:31 +0100: Hi, [snip] >Lock at the picture. Only the innermost kernel of thousands of protons >will possibly fuse or form H*-H*. H*-H* is an exothermic reaction nearly >delivering 500eV. Are you referring to the same reaction Prof. Leif Holmlid was talking about? > >The first step anyway is stripping of Oxigen! Yes, this part is easily done. [snip] Regards, Robin van Spaandonk Buy electric cars and recharge them from solar panels on your roof.
Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
Lock at the picture. Only the innermost kernel of thousands of protons will possibly fuse or form H*-H*. H*-H* is an exothermic reaction nearly delivering 500eV. The first step anyway is stripping of Oxigen! Of course much better science would be needed. But who wants to kill standard model physics? J.W. On 03.01.2024 06:09, Robin wrote: At 10 km/s a proton has a kinetic energy of about 0.5 eV. Nowhere near enough for fusion. (It would need to be about 1 times more). -- Jürg Wyttenbach Bifangstr. 22 8910 Affoltern am Albis +41 44 760 14 18 +41 79 246 36 06
Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
In reply to Jürg Wyttenbach's message of Wed, 3 Jan 2024 05:14:56 +0100: Hi, [snip] >What accelerating free electrons? > >This is a kind of hand waving. The bubble implodes so all momenta point >inwards. Heat will strip up the electrons what adds a further inward >momenta due to photon emission (1/2 of this energy) . Impact speed is >7..10km/s. At 10 km/s a proton has a kinetic energy of about 0.5 eV. Nowhere near enough for fusion. (It would need to be about 1 times more). [snip] Regards, Robin van Spaandonk Buy electric cars and recharge them from solar panels on your roof.
Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
What accelerating free electrons? This is a kind of hand waving. The bubble implodes so all momenta point inwards. Heat will strip up the electrons what adds a further inward momenta due to photon emission (1/2 of this energy) . Impact speed is 7..10km/s. Crucial is that the electrons almost make up a cylindrical field gradient that can align H/D momenta what promotes H*-H*/D*-D*. The final fusion happens in contact with the target material that acts very differently, with some being inert at all. Experiments show that low frequencies 20..50khz cause large bubbles and large junks of H*/D* produced and > 1.6Mhz leads to single D*-D* fusion in average. J.W. On 03.01.2024 03:07, Robin wrote: In reply to Jürg Wyttenbach's message of Wed, 3 Jan 2024 02:36:56 +0100: Hi, [snip] Factually the best update (2009) about sono fusion is given in :: https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRwhenbubble.pdf J.W. Quote from the above paper: "The initially dense cluster is further compressed and cooled by evaporative surface deuterons of the cluster. These interact with free electrons forming deuterium atoms that surround the cluster. These accelerating free electrons produce an imploding spherical electromagnetic, EM, pulse that squeezes the cluster to fusion densities in less than a picosecond." What accelerating free electrons? A Deuteron leaving the cluster surface will simply drag an electron from the surrounding material to itself on the way out. Why would an EM pulse even form, and even if it did, why would it be spherical and why would such a spherical EM shock wave squeeze the remainder of the cluster? This sounds contrived to me, in an attempt to explain observations with conventional physics, so that other scientists will give the paper some credibility. Furthermore, why not just assume that at least some of the deuterons in the initial jet have sufficient kinetic energy to result in fusion upon impact? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk Buy electric cars and recharge them from solar panels on your roof. -- Jürg Wyttenbach Bifangstr. 22 8910 Affoltern am Albis +41 44 760 14 18 +41 79 246 36 06
Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
In reply to Jürg Wyttenbach's message of Wed, 3 Jan 2024 02:36:56 +0100: Hi, [snip] >Factually the best update (2009) about sono fusion is given in :: >https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRwhenbubble.pdf > >J.W. Quote from the above paper: "The initially dense cluster is further compressed and cooled by evaporative surface deuterons of the cluster. These interact with free electrons forming deuterium atoms that surround the cluster. These accelerating free electrons produce an imploding spherical electromagnetic, EM, pulse that squeezes the cluster to fusion densities in less than a picosecond." What accelerating free electrons? A Deuteron leaving the cluster surface will simply drag an electron from the surrounding material to itself on the way out. Why would an EM pulse even form, and even if it did, why would it be spherical and why would such a spherical EM shock wave squeeze the remainder of the cluster? This sounds contrived to me, in an attempt to explain observations with conventional physics, so that other scientists will give the paper some credibility. Furthermore, why not just assume that at least some of the deuterons in the initial jet have sufficient kinetic energy to result in fusion upon impact? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk Buy electric cars and recharge them from solar panels on your roof.
Re: [Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
Factually the best update (2009) about sono fusion is given in :: https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRwhenbubble.pdf J.W. On 03.01.2024 00:37, Robin wrote: Hi, You might take a look at the work of Dr. Randell Mills (http://brilliantlightpower.com/). A severely shrunken H2 molecule would provide the "constraint" on particle location that you are looking for. Furthermore, the shrunken electrons of the Hydrino molecule can carry away excess energy as fast particles, which then ends up as heat in the fluid. Also, if only one proton (deuteron) of the molecule fuses with the target nucleus, the other proton may carry away the reaction energy. You may also want to take the following into account:- 1) Water also contains some D. Reactions involving a shrunken HD molecule (or individual shrunken atoms) may avoid the need for weak force reactions. You could see if this is applicable by repeating your experiments with water enriched with heavy water. I wouldn't try using pure heavy water at first, as you wouldn't want the experiment to blow up in your face. 2) The temperatures achieved in a collapsing cavitation bubble, are sufficient to create atomic hydrogen from water, and according to Mills, a water molecule can act as a catalyst for the shrinkage reaction. 3) They say there is nothing new under the Sun, and this isn't the first time that a cavitation based device has been reported to produce excess heat. See https://www.hydrodynamics.com/. This was reported on vortex-l decades ago, and in fact the group was initially set up to discuss this device. 4) You may also want to check out https://lenr-canr.org/ for many related papers. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk -- Jürg Wyttenbach Bifangstr. 22 8910 Affoltern am Albis +41 44 760 14 18 +41 79 246 36 06
[Vo]:Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases
Hi, You might take a look at the work of Dr. Randell Mills (http://brilliantlightpower.com/). A severely shrunken H2 molecule would provide the "constraint" on particle location that you are looking for. Furthermore, the shrunken electrons of the Hydrino molecule can carry away excess energy as fast particles, which then ends up as heat in the fluid. Also, if only one proton (deuteron) of the molecule fuses with the target nucleus, the other proton may carry away the reaction energy. You may also want to take the following into account:- 1) Water also contains some D. Reactions involving a shrunken HD molecule (or individual shrunken atoms) may avoid the need for weak force reactions. You could see if this is applicable by repeating your experiments with water enriched with heavy water. I wouldn't try using pure heavy water at first, as you wouldn't want the experiment to blow up in your face. 2) The temperatures achieved in a collapsing cavitation bubble, are sufficient to create atomic hydrogen from water, and according to Mills, a water molecule can act as a catalyst for the shrinkage reaction. 3) They say there is nothing new under the Sun, and this isn't the first time that a cavitation based device has been reported to produce excess heat. See https://www.hydrodynamics.com/. This was reported on vortex-l decades ago, and in fact the group was initially set up to discuss this device. 4) You may also want to check out https://lenr-canr.org/ for many related papers. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk
