Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
So perhaps what we need is Poo-Roombas http://www.irobot.com/uk/ on every farm? Or train dogs to collect crap (they seem to like eating the stuff well enough) rather than using children as is common in the 3rd world. It's probably cheaper and easier to dry and burn the excrement to create energy than inefficiently producing biofuels. Many farm vehicles and trucks could be poo-powered if they were battery hybrids and if we could replace all farm diesel use and provide some electricity for the grid too then that would be a huge win. Probably a shit idea though. On 25 June 2012 06:51, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: To cover the losses in waste production from small operations, it may be appropriate to extend the analysis to more types of waste streams. First, Chicken manure. Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from chicken manure. Chicken manure weight = 0.21 lb/day The United States chicken population is (1,970,000,000) Average chicken waste (litter) production is 0.21 lb/day. The total yearly litter production is as follows: 1,970,000,000 * 0.21 lb/day * 365 days * 1/2000 = 75,500,250 tons At 150 gallons of bio-diesel per dry ton of chicken litter 75,500,250 tons * 150 gallons = 11,325,037,500 gallons of bio-diesel per year from chicken litter. Running total U.S yearly bio-diesel from United States manure production is as follows: 11,325,037,500 gallons from chickens + 189,000,000,000 gallons from cow manure = 200,325,037,500 total gallons of bio diesel per year. - Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from human waste sludge. The United States population is (310,000,000) Annual mass sludge per capita 64.4 pounds The total yearly sludge production is as follows: 310,000,000 * 64.4 pounds/year * 1/2000 = 9,982,000 tons/year Assuming a 40% moisture content, the dry weight of sludge = 9,982,000 * .6 = 5,989,200 tons/year At 150 gallons of bio-diesel per dry ton of sludge - 5,989,200 tons/year * 150 gallons/dry ton = 898,380,000 gallons of bio-diesel per year from human waste sludge. Running total U.S yearly bio-diesel from United States manure/bio-waste production is as follows: 11,325,037,500 gallons from chicken litter + 189,000,000,000 gallons from cow manure + 898,380,000 gallons of bio-diesel per year from human waste sludge = 201,223,417,500 total potential gallons of bio diesel per year. = Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from swine waste. The United States swine population is (60,388,700) Swine are estimated to produce daily raw manure of as much as 8.4 percent of body weight (urine and feces). Generally, growing-finishing pigs weighing 21 to 100 kg can be expected to generate 0.39 to 0.45 kg of waste per day on a dry matter basis (Brumm et al. 1980). .45kg (1 lbs) * 60,388,700 * 1/2000 *365 = 11020937 tons of swine waste/year 150 gallons of bio-diesel/ton * 11,020,937 tons of swine waste/year = 1,653,140,662 gallons of bio-diesel/year from swine waste Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from municipal solid waste. The United States Environmental Protection Agency estimates that in 2006 there were 251 million tons of municipal solid waste, or 4.6 pounds generated per day per person in the USA 310,000,000 people * 4.6 lbs/person * 1/2000 * 365 days = 260,245,000 tons of municipal solid waste 150 gallons of bio-diesel/ton * 260,245,000 tons of municipal solid = 39,036,750,000 gallons of bio-diesel/year from municipal solid waste Running total U.S yearly bio-diesel from United States manure/bio-waste/solid waste production is as follows: 11,325,037,500 gallons from chicken litter + 189,000,000,000 gallons from cow manure + 898,380,000 gallons of bio-diesel per year from human waste sludge + 1,653,140,662 gallons of bio-diesel/year from swine waste + 39,036,750,000 gallons of bio-diesel/year from municipal solid waste = 241,913,308,162 gallons of bio-diesel/year(5,759,840,670 b/y --- 15,780,385 b/d) total potential gallons of bio diesel per year from U.S. waste streams. -- Because it is produced in massive concentrations, much of the bio-waste produces water pollution in streams and rivers or is burned for electric power production in meat processing plants or incinerated or landfilled. Also anaerobic digestion converts the waste to a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas (sewage treatment) released to the atmosphere. All the minerals and nitrogen content from bio-diesel processing of the animal waste can be reapplied to farm land as mineral fertilizers formed from ash residue.
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
The profit motive can change the way farmer’s think of their waste streams: i.e. from a nuisance to a lucrative profit center. The removal of animal waste can be completely automated on the farm for rapid conversion to $3 a gallon biodiesel. The advantage of process heat from cold fusion is that the reactor is safe, inexpensive, and small. Animals could be selectively bred for their effective production of waste. A 5,000 gallon tank holding biodiesel can be filled automatically on the farm by a computerized waste handling system. This fuel could be sent to local filling stations or a nearby airport or the farmer could even setup a roadside fuel station and avoid all the middle man profit taking. In general, cold fusion will work to decentralize energy production and liberate energy producers and users from the oppression and control of the multi-national monopolies. For the farmer, one of the most important outputs of the Molten Salt Oxidation Process (MSOP) is biochar. In traditional methods of biomass fast pyrolysis, this char is used to fire the bioreactor and is turned into CO2. When nuclear energy from cold fusion is used, biochar can be saved and reapplied back to the soil. This will immediately and rapidly reverse climate warming from CO2. First off, Biochar is charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass, and differs from charcoal only in the sense that its primary use is not for fuel, but for biosequestration or atmospheric carbon capture and storage. Charcoal is a stable solid, rich in carbon content, and thus, can be used to lock carbon in the soil. Biochar is of increasing interest because of concerns about climate change caused by emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG). Carbon dioxide capture also ties up large amounts of oxygen and requires energy for injection (as via carbon capture and storage), whereas the biochar process breaks into the carbon dioxide cycle, thus releasing oxygen as did coal formation hundreds of millions of years ago. If the production of biochar is tied to the high profits from liquid biofuel production, huge amounts of the stuff will be generated on the farm as a result of our insatiable desire for liquid fuels. Biochar can sequester carbon in the soil for hundreds to thousands of years, like coal. Modern biochar is being developed using pyrolysis to heat biomass in the absence of oxygen in kilns and MSOP is an analogous process. However, to the difference of coal and/or petroleum charcoal, when incorporated into the soil in stable organo-mineral aggregates does not freely accumulate in an oxygen-free and abiotic environment. This allows it to be slowly oxygenated and transformed in physically stable but chemically reactive humus, thereby acquiring interesting chemical properties such as cation exchange capacity and buffering of soil acidification. Both are precious in clay and /or nutrient-pore and/or nutrient depleted soils. Biochar can be used to sequester carbon on centurial or even millennial time scales. In the natural carbon cycle, animal waste or plant matter decomposes rapidly after the plant dies, which emits CO2; the overall natural cycle is carbon neutral. Instead of allowing the plant matter to decompose, pyrolysis can be used to sequester some of the carbon in a much more stable form. Biochar thus removes circulating CO2 from the atmosphere and stores it in virtually permanent soil carbon pools, making it a carbon-negative process. In places like the Rocky Mountains, where beetles have been killing off vast swathes of pine trees, the utilization of pyrolysis to char the trees instead of letting them decompose into the atmosphere would offset substantial amounts of CO2 emissions. Although some organic matter is necessary for agricultural soil to maintain its productivity, much of the agricultural waste can be turned directly into biochar, bio-oil, and syngas. Biochar is believed to have long mean residence times in the soil. While the methods by which biochar mineralizes (turns into CO2) are not completely known, evidence from soil samples in the Amazon shows large concentrations of black carbon (biochar) remaining after they were abandoned thousands of years ago. Lab experiments confirm a decrease in carbon mineralization with increasing temperature, so ultra-high temperature charring of plant matter increases the soil residence time and long term soil benefits of high temperature biochar. Terra preta soils are of pre-Columbian nature and were created by the local farmers and caboclos in Brazil's Amazonian basin between 450 BC and AD 950. It owes its name to its very high charcoal content, and is characterized by the presence of charcoal in high concentrations; organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn). All of these elements save nitrogen
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
In reply to Axil Axil's message of Mon, 25 Jun 2012 16:48:54 -0400: Hi, [snip] For the farmer, one of the most important outputs of the Molten Salt Oxidation Process (MSOP) is biochar. In traditional methods of biomass fast pyrolysis, this char is used to fire the bioreactor and is turned into CO2. When nuclear energy from cold fusion is used, biochar can be saved and reapplied back to the soil. This will immediately and rapidly reverse climate warming from CO2. Once CF becomes widespread no one will bother with bio-diesel at all. (As Jed has pointed out many times). Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
If the greens, the politicians, and the medical communities are smart, they will postpone the introduction of cold fusion into the transportation market to clean up the environment and farming by removing the leaking animal waste lagoons, the mountains of manure, save billions of dollars in medical costs, make the food supply pure, save thousands of lives, improve the quality of the marginal soils all over America to the days that they had been when the pilgrims landed, reverse global warming so that the snows will return, and convert the chemical industry to biologic feed stock. They can do all this using the forces of the marketplace rather than through governmental policies, codes and procedures. Or they can keep on screwing up, follow what Jed’s book states, and impose heavy handed solutions through a mountain of freedom killing heavy handed regulations. Sometimes it is important to do smart things using the natural motivations of the people rather than be an ideological purest. On Tue, Jun 26, 2012 at 12:28 AM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Mon, 25 Jun 2012 16:48:54 -0400: Hi, [snip] For the farmer, one of the most important outputs of the Molten Salt Oxidation Process (MSOP) is biochar. In traditional methods of biomass fast pyrolysis, this char is used to fire the bioreactor and is turned into CO2. When nuclear energy from cold fusion is used, biochar can be saved and reapplied back to the soil. This will immediately and rapidly reverse climate warming from CO2. Once CF becomes widespread no one will bother with bio-diesel at all. (As Jed has pointed out many times). Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
In reply to Axil Axil's message of Wed, 20 Jun 2012 18:02:57 -0400: Hi, [snip] The total US yearly manure production capacity is about 2,100,000,000 tons. The MSOP can accomidate the 40% moisture content of which 1,260,000,000 tons of dry content is estimated. ..but most of this manure is spread across grazing lands, not conveniently collected in feedlots. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
To cover the losses in waste production from small operations, it may be appropriate to extend the analysis to more types of waste streams. First, Chicken manure. Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from chicken manure. Chicken manure weight = 0.21 lb/day The United States chicken population is (1,970,000,000) Average chicken waste (litter) production is 0.21 lb/day. The total yearly litter production is as follows: 1,970,000,000 * 0.21 lb/day * 365 days * 1/2000 = 75,500,250 tons At 150 gallons of bio-diesel per dry ton of chicken litter 75,500,250 tons * 150 gallons = 11,325,037,500 gallons of bio-diesel per year from chicken litter. Running total U.S yearly bio-diesel from United States manure production is as follows: 11,325,037,500 gallons from chickens + 189,000,000,000 gallons from cow manure = 200,325,037,500 total gallons of bio diesel per year. - Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from human waste sludge. The United States population is (310,000,000) Annual mass sludge per capita 64.4 pounds The total yearly sludge production is as follows: 310,000,000 * 64.4 pounds/year * 1/2000 = 9,982,000 tons/year Assuming a 40% moisture content, the dry weight of sludge = 9,982,000 * .6 = 5,989,200 tons/year At 150 gallons of bio-diesel per dry ton of sludge - 5,989,200 tons/year * 150 gallons/dry ton = 898,380,000 gallons of bio-diesel per year from human waste sludge. Running total U.S yearly bio-diesel from United States manure/bio-waste production is as follows: 11,325,037,500 gallons from chicken litter + 189,000,000,000 gallons from cow manure + 898,380,000 gallons of bio-diesel per year from human waste sludge = 201,223,417,500 total potential gallons of bio diesel per year. = Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from swine waste. The United States swine population is (60,388,700) Swine are estimated to produce daily raw manure of as much as 8.4 percent of body weight (urine and feces). Generally, growing-finishing pigs weighing 21 to 100 kg can be expected to generate 0.39 to 0.45 kg of waste per day on a dry matter basis (Brumm et al. 1980). .45kg (1 lbs) * 60,388,700 * 1/2000 *365 = 11020937 tons of swine waste/year 150 gallons of bio-diesel/ton * 11,020,937 tons of swine waste/year = 1,653,140,662 gallons of bio-diesel/year from swine waste Estimation of the total yearly United States bio-diesel production capability from municipal solid waste. The United States Environmental Protection Agency estimates that in 2006 there were 251 million tons of municipal solid waste, or 4.6 pounds generated per day per person in the USA 310,000,000 people * 4.6 lbs/person * 1/2000 * 365 days = 260,245,000 tons of municipal solid waste 150 gallons of bio-diesel/ton * 260,245,000 tons of municipal solid = 39,036,750,000 gallons of bio-diesel/year from municipal solid waste Running total U.S yearly bio-diesel from United States manure/bio-waste/solid waste production is as follows: 11,325,037,500 gallons from chicken litter + 189,000,000,000 gallons from cow manure + 898,380,000 gallons of bio-diesel per year from human waste sludge + 1,653,140,662 gallons of bio-diesel/year from swine waste + 39,036,750,000 gallons of bio-diesel/year from municipal solid waste = 241,913,308,162 gallons of bio-diesel/year(5,759,840,670 b/y --- 15,780,385 b/d) total potential gallons of bio diesel per year from U.S. waste streams. -- Because it is produced in massive concentrations, much of the bio-waste produces water pollution in streams and rivers or is burned for electric power production in meat processing plants or incinerated or landfilled. Also anaerobic digestion converts the waste to a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas (sewage treatment) released to the atmosphere. All the minerals and nitrogen content from bio-diesel processing of the animal waste can be reapplied to farm land as mineral fertilizers formed from ash residue. Elimination of concentrated animal waste streams from the US biosphere will save about $500,000,000 to a high estimate of $ one trillion in medical costs and 3000 to 5000 deaths from food poisoning. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/business/16illness.html *In a pair of research reports made public on Wednesday, the **Centers for Disease Control and Prevention*http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/c/centers_for_disease_control_and_prevention/index.html?inline=nyt-org * said that about 48 million people a year get sick from tainted food, down from the previous, often-cited estimate of 76 million. The number of
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
Thanks for the post Jones. http://www.synfuels.com/Plant.html It seems to me that most corporate business models follow methodologies that closely resemble the theory of evolution. Businesses fight for survival out in the Serengeti Plains populated by fickle consumers - prey. They survive by driving potential competitors out of business, or at least into corners of insignificance. However, when it comes to the theory of evolution, as well as the efficient running of a biological organism, establishing dominance does not necessarily guarantee continued longevity of said organism. Cancer, for example. Buy cheap now... pay dearly later. Sometimes I wonder if we're making a deal with the devil. I suspect certain cells within the current political organism may disagree with this premise. Drill, baby! Drill! Regards Steven Vincent Johnson www.OrionWorks.com www.zazzle.com/orionworks
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
A major application of 650C-950C LENR molten salt reactors is the Molten Salt Oxidation Process (MSOP). It applies directly to the topic at hand: synfuels. MSOP equipment and technology can function to reclaim metal in elemental form from municipal waste while reducing the hydrocarbon waste component of that waste to liquid fuels. More broadly, any carbon based component of the non-biologic waste stream can also be transformed into liquid fuel. Such wastes as tires, municipal trash, plastics, both building material waste from natural disasters and old cars can be reclaimed without material separation, and land file mining. For example, landfill mining and reclamation (LFMR) is a process whereby solid wastes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste which have previously been landfilled http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill are excavated and reprocessed. The function of landfill mining is to reduce or eliminate the amount of landfill mass encapsulated within the closed landfill and/or to detoxify hazardous materials and/or to recycle the waste. In the process, mining recovers valuable recyclable materials, a combustible fraction with can be converted to liquid fuel, soil, and landfill space reclamation. The combustible fraction is useful for the production of liquid fuels. The overall appearance of the landfill mining procedure is a sequence of processing machines laid out in a functional conveyor system. The operating principle is to excavate and process the old trash without separation to remove nonorganic metals as residuals. The concept of landfill mining was introduced as early as 1953 at the Hiriya http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiriya landfill operated by the Dan Region Authority next to the city of Tel Avivhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv, Israel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel. Waste contains many resources with high value, the most notable of which are non-ferrous metals such as aluminum cans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_can and scrap metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrap_metal. The concentration of aluminum in many landfills is higher than the concentration of aluminum in bauxite http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxitefrom which the metal is derived. LERN high process heat will open up many new efficiencies that are currently too costly and/or too dangerous. Cheers On Wed, Jun 20, 2012 at 11:37 AM, Jones Beene jone...@pacbell.net wrote: Probably not, but maybe they should be... ... since the frakcers are multiplying like rabbits these days; and the most profitable thing to do with all that methane is probably to convert it to gasoline at the well-head. Synfuels International operates a pilot plant in Robertson County, Texas which is apparently running now 24/7 on natural gas to demonstrate their synfuel technologies for potential commercial scale up. It is not an awesome factory, but at least it is not vaporware. http://www.synfuels.com/Plant.html They claim to produce a cleaner synthetic gasoline from natural gas at half the present wholesale cost, using a proprietary Non-Fischer Tropsch Portfolio of Technologies ... Essentially, because it can be run on a small scale - the technology would turn any Fracker into a gasoline wholesaler, and BIG OIL cannot come close to their cost. That situation will lower prices, since the Cartel cannot control supply/demand. Not exactly what we want to see as a long-term energy solution, or even short term, but perhaps it is the lesser of two evils from the consumers POV ...
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
Under current US tax law, cellulosic biofuel production has been incentivized to an extraordinary level. An incentive in the amount of up to $1.01 per gallon of cellulosic biofuel can be had. The Molten Salt Oxidation Process (MSOP) can make 150 gallons of Cellulosic Biofuel per ton of dry crop or wood waste. That fuel has a dollar value in the US of about $155(incentive) + $ $3.14 /gallon wholesale (150 gallons) = $626/ton of waste. Corn stover contains phosphorus (as P2O5), and potassium (as K2O). From a fertilizer replacement standpoint recovering these minerals from the ash of the MSOP is economically important. A ton of corn stover contains an estimated $22 in phosphorus (as P2O5), and potassium (as K2O). This adds to the value of the MSOP $626 + $22 = $648/ton of waste. Processing 1000 tons of bio mass per day requires about 50 megawatts of thermal power. The cost estimate for a Rossi LENR reactor at 75 megawatts total thermal power cost about $25 million. 1000 tons of dry corn stover or wood chips can generate 1000 * 150 gallons = 150,000 gallons of bio diesel per day producing 1000 * $648 = $ 648,000/day in revenue and tax incentives. If cow waste was utilized as feedstock for biodiesel production, food supply should not be impacted. Give or take, the cow population in the US is 100,000,000. A Holstein (1400 pounds) cow produces 115 pounds of manure per day or approximately 21 tons per year. Heifers will average approximately 7 tons per year The total US yearly manure production capacity is about 2,100,000,000 tons. The MSOP can accomidate the 40% moisture content of which 1,260,000,000 tons of dry content is estimated. The dollar value is 1,260,000,000 tons/year * $648/ton of waste or $816,480,000,000 per year At 150 gallons of bio-diesel per dry ton of cow waste, production of 189 billion gallons per year of bio-diesel is possible. By comparison, the 2004 U,S diesel use was 62 billion gallons with on-road use at 37 billion gallons. * $3.14 in 2011 in this EIA forecast *Cellulosic Biofuel Producer Tax Credit* A producer that is registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may be eligible for a tax incentive in the amount of up to $1.01 per gallon of cellulosic biofuel that is: sold and used by the purchaser in the purchaser's trade or business to produce a cellulosic biofuel mixture; sold and used by the purchaser as a fuel in a trade or business; sold at retail for use as a motor vehicle fuel; used by the producer in a trade or business to produce a cellulosic biofuel mixture; or used by the producer as a fuel in a trade or business. If the cellulosic biofuel also qualifies for alcohol fuel tax credits, the credit amount is reduced to $0.46 per gallon for biofuel that is ethanol and $0.41 per gallon if the biofuel is not ethanol. Cellulosic biofuel is defined as liquid fuel produced from any lignocellulosic or hemicellulosic matter that is available on a renewable basis, and meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency fuel and fuel additive registration requirements. Alcohol with a proof of less than 150, fuel with a water or sediment content of more than 4%, and fuel with an ash content of more than 1% are not considered cellulosic biofuels. The incentive is allowed as a credit against the producer's income tax liability. Under current law, only qualified fuel produced in the U.S. between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, for use in the U.S. may be eligible. For more information, see IRS Publication 510 and IRS Forms 637 and 6478, which are available via the IRS Web site. (Reference Public Law 111-152, Section 1408; Public Law 110-234, Section 15321; and 26 U.S. Code 40) On Wed, Jun 20, 2012 at 5:51 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: A major application of 650C-950C LENR molten salt reactors is the Molten Salt Oxidation Process (MSOP). It applies directly to the topic at hand: synfuels. MSOP equipment and technology can function to reclaim metal in elemental form from municipal waste while reducing the hydrocarbon waste component of that waste to liquid fuels. More broadly, any carbon based component of the non-biologic waste stream can also be transformed into liquid fuel. Such wastes as tires, municipal trash, plastics, both building material waste from natural disasters and old cars can be reclaimed without material separation, and land file mining. For example, landfill mining and reclamation (LFMR) is a process whereby solid wastes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste which have previously been landfilled http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill are excavated and reprocessed. The function of landfill mining is to reduce or eliminate the amount of landfill mass encapsulated within the closed landfill and/or to detoxify hazardous materials and/or to recycle the waste. In the process, mining recovers valuable recyclable materials, a combustible fraction with can be converted to liquid fuel,
Re: [Vo]:Is OPEC afraid of synfuels?
Axil Axil wrote: The total US yearly manure production capacity is about 2,100,000,000 tons. The MSOP can accomidate the 40% moisture content of which 1,260,000,000 tons of dry content is estimated. The dollar value is 1,260,000,000 tons/year * $648/ton of waste or $816,480,000,000 per year At 150 gallons of bio-diesel per dry ton of cow waste, production of 189 billion gallons per year of bio-diesel is possible. By comparison, the 2004 U,S diesel use was 62 billion gallons with on-road use at 37 billion gallons. That is astounding! I had no idea the . . . uh numbers were so big. Thanks for the info. - Jed
