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Today's Topics:
1. Newbie question about function type constraints (Lai Boon Hui)
2. Re: Newbie question about function type constraints
(Tushar Tyagi)
3. Re: Newbie question about function type constraints
(Imants Cekusins)
4. Re: Newbie question about function type constraints
(Harald Bögeholz)
5. Re: Newbie question about function type constraints
(Sylvain Henry)
6. Re: Newbie question about function type constraints
(Sylvain Henry)
7. The meaning of categories constructed from HASK
(Dimitri DeFigueiredo)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 21:19:12 +0800
From: Lai Boon Hui <laibo...@gmail.com>
To: beginners@haskell.org
Subject: [Haskell-beginners] Newbie question about function type
constraints
Message-ID:
<CAJdQgg=jJYfdRsq+QfBr1aC-hS1ft9+4Sp4jopoktg=jndm...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Hi, can someone explain to me why i cannot define meanList as:
meanList :: (Integral a, Fractional b) => [a] -> a
meanList xs = (sumList xs) / (lengthList xs)
I want to restrict the function to only accept lists like [1,2,3] and
return answer 2.0
sumList :: (Num a) => [a] -> a
sumList [] = 0
sumList (x:xs) = x + (sumList xs)
lengthList :: (Num a) => [t] -> a
lengthList [] = 0
lengthList (_:xs) = 1 + (lengthList xs)
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Message: 2
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 19:36:04 +0530
From: Tushar Tyagi <tusha...@gmail.com>
To: The Haskell-Beginners Mailing List - Discussion of primarily
beginner-level topics related to Haskell <beginners@haskell.org>
Subject: Re: [Haskell-beginners] Newbie question about function type
constraints
Message-ID:
<caedpzin_vcza+hh9zlfo-k91bn63vaemgqjkqn_p4hsak+a...@mail.gmail.com>
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What happens if you change the signature of meanList to
meanList :: ( Fractional b) => [b] ->b
The integrals in [1,2,3] would be converted to [1.0, 2.0, 3.0] before you
act upon them.
On 22 Sep 2016 6:49 p.m., "Lai Boon Hui" <laibo...@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi, can someone explain to me why i cannot define meanList as:
meanList :: (Integral a, Fractional b) => [a] -> a
meanList xs = (sumList xs) / (lengthList xs)
I want to restrict the function to only accept lists like [1,2,3] and
return answer 2.0
sumList :: (Num a) => [a] -> a
sumList [] = 0
sumList (x:xs) = x + (sumList xs)
lengthList :: (Num a) => [t] -> a
lengthList [] = 0
lengthList (_:xs) = 1 + (lengthList xs)
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Message: 3
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 16:06:52 +0200
From: Imants Cekusins <ima...@gmail.com>
To: The Haskell-Beginners Mailing List - Discussion of primarily
beginner-level topics related to Haskell <beginners@haskell.org>
Subject: Re: [Haskell-beginners] Newbie question about function type
constraints
Message-ID:
<cap1qinzcona4x3nozrifynbkkgurfbmcfp2r3wmoz6h3alg...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Hello,
this works too:
meanList :: (Fractional a) => [a] -> a
meanList xs = (sumList xs) / (lengthList xs)
sumList :: (Fractional a) => [a] -> a
sumList [] = 0
sumList (x:xs) = x + (sumList xs)
lengthList :: (Fractional a) => [t] -> a
lengthList [] = 0
lengthList (_:xs) = 1 + (lengthList xs)
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Message: 4
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 16:08:56 +0200
From: Harald Bögeholz <b...@ct.de>
To: The Haskell-Beginners Mailing List - Discussion of primarily
beginner-level topics related to Haskell <beginners@haskell.org>
Subject: Re: [Haskell-beginners] Newbie question about function type
constraints
Message-ID: <a134a975-6b0f-b364-7db9-6b6a0d997...@ct.de>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Am 22.09.16 um 15:19 schrieb Lai Boon Hui:
> Hi, can someone explain to me why i cannot define meanList as:
>
> meanList :: (Integral a, Fractional b) => [a] -> a
> meanList xs = (sumList xs) / (lengthList xs)
>
> I want to restrict the function to only accept lists like [1,2,3] and
> return answer 2.0
It will work like this:
meanList :: (Integral a, Fractional b) => [a] -> b
meanList xs = fromIntegral (sumList xs) / (lengthList xs)
You probably meant -> b in the type signature, that was a typo.
And you need to insert fromIntegral to convert to Fractional before you
can divide. Now that I see it I am beginning to wonder why it works,
though, because I was just about to insert another fromIntegral before
lengthList ...
> sumList :: (Num a) => [a] -> a
> sumList [] = 0
> sumList (x:xs) = x + (sumList xs)
>
> lengthList :: (Num a) => [t] -> a
> lengthList [] = 0
> lengthList (_:xs) = 1 + (lengthList xs)
Hope this helps
--
Harald Bögeholz <b...@ct.de> (PGP key available from servers)
Redaktion c't Tel.: +49 511 5352-300 Fax: +49 511 5352-417
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main(){for(;b=c,c-=14;i=printf("%04d",e+d/a),e=d%a)
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Message: 5
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 16:10:17 +0200
From: Sylvain Henry <sylv...@haskus.fr>
To: beginners@haskell.org
Subject: Re: [Haskell-beginners] Newbie question about function type
constraints
Message-ID: <66b119b3-ff51-74d7-80c5-d19450164...@haskus.fr>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"; Format="flowed"
Hi,
You can define it, but in practice there is no instance of "a" that
satisfies both constraints: Integral a and Fractional a
> meanList ([1,2,3] :: [Int])
<interactive>:4:1: error:
• No instance for (Fractional Int) arising from a use of ‘meanList’
> meanList ([1,2,3] :: [Float])
<interactive>:5:1: error:
• No instance for (Integral Float) arising from a use of ‘meanList’
What you probably want is:
meanList :: (Integral a, Fractional b) => [a] -> b
meanList xs = fromIntegral (sumList xs) / fromIntegral (lengthList xs)
Where we convert from the integral type "a" to the fractional type "b"
before performing the division.
> meanList ([1,2,3] :: [Int])
2.0
Cheers
Sylvain
On 22/09/2016 15:19, Lai Boon Hui wrote:
> Hi, can someone explain to me why i cannot define meanList as:
>
> meanList :: (Integral a, Fractional b) => [a] -> a
> meanList xs = (sumList xs) / (lengthList xs)
>
> I want to restrict the function to only accept lists like [1,2,3] and
> return answer 2.0
>
>
> sumList :: (Num a) => [a] -> a
> sumList [] = 0
> sumList (x:xs) = x + (sumList xs)
>
> lengthList :: (Num a) => [t] -> a
> lengthList [] = 0
> lengthList (_:xs) = 1 + (lengthList xs)
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Beginners mailing list
> Beginners@haskell.org
> http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/beginners
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Message: 6
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 16:14:48 +0200
From: Sylvain Henry <sylv...@haskus.fr>
To: beginners@haskell.org
Subject: Re: [Haskell-beginners] Newbie question about function type
constraints
Message-ID: <074cbf97-2316-9d70-3fb8-7c8c9904c...@haskus.fr>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
On 22/09/2016 16:08, Harald Bögeholz wrote:
> It will work like this:
> meanList :: (Integral a, Fractional b) => [a] -> b
> meanList xs = fromIntegral (sumList xs) / (lengthList xs)
>
> You probably meant -> b in the type signature, that was a typo.
>
> And you need to insert fromIntegral to convert to Fractional before you
> can divide. Now that I see it I am beginning to wonder why it works,
> though, because I was just about to insert another fromIntegral before
> lengthList ...
It works because in this case lengthList uses the fractional type b to
perfom its summation (it doesn't care about the type of the elements in xs).
Cheers
Sylvain
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 17:26:36 -0600
From: Dimitri DeFigueiredo <defigueir...@ucdavis.edu>
To: Haskell Cafe <haskell-c...@haskell.org>, The Haskell-Beginners
Mailing List - Discussion of primarily beginner-level topics related
to Haskell <beginners@haskell.org>
Subject: [Haskell-beginners] The meaning of categories constructed
from HASK
Message-ID: <36383e22-0b32-426d-7c9f-5e611bbca...@ucdavis.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
In category theory, there are many ways one can make new categories out
of an old one.
In particular, given a category C one can construct:
1. The arrows category of C:
arrows in C become objects and
commutative squares in C become arrows
2. The slice category of C given an object A:
arrows into a distinguished object A become objects in the slice
commutative triangles become arrows
There are also functors going from C to these new categories (and back).
Are these constructed categories useful when C = `Hask` (the category of
haskell types and functions)?
What do they represent in programming terms?
In other words, is there intuition for what the arrows category of Hask is?
What about the slice category of Hask over a specific type?
Do the functors between these match some programming abstractions?
Any pointers are much appreciated.
Thanks,
Dimitri
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