Re: [Bitcoin-development] Proposed alternatives to the 20MB step function

2015-05-08 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
such a contract is a possibility, but why would big owners give an
exclusive right to such pools? It seems to me it'd make sense to offer
those for any miner as long as the get paid a little for it. Especially
when it's as simple as offering an incomplete transaction with the
appropriate SIGHASH flags.

a part of the reason I like this idea is because it will allow stakeholders
a degree of influence on how large the fees are. At least from the surface,
it looks like incentives are pretty well matched. They have an incentive to
not let the fees drop too low so the network continues to be usable and
they also have an incentive to not raise them too high because it'll push
users into using other systems. Also, there'll be competition between
stakeholders, which should keep the fees reasonable.

I think this would at least be preferable to the "let the miner decide"
model.

- Joel

On Fri, May 8, 2015 at 7:51 PM, Peter Todd  wrote:

> On Fri, May 08, 2015 at 03:32:00PM +0300, Joel Joonatan Kaartinen wrote:
> > Matt,
> >
> > It seems you missed my suggestion about basing the maximum block size on
> > the bitcoin days destroyed in transactions that are included in the
> block.
> > I think it has potential for both scaling as well as keeping up a
> constant
> > fee pressure. If tuned properly, it should both stop spamming and
> increase
> > block size maximum when there are a lot of real transactions waiting for
> > inclusion.
>
> The problem with gating block creation on Bitcoin days destroyed is
> there's a strong potential of giving big mining pools an huge advantage,
> because they can contract with large Bitcoin owners and buy dummy
> transactions with large numbers of Bitcoin days destroyed on demand
> whenever they need more days-destroyed to create larger blocks.
> Similarly, with appropriate SIGHASH flags such contracting can be done
> by modifying *existing* transactions on demand.
>
> Ultimately bitcoin days destroyed just becomes a very complex version of
> transaction fees, and it's already well known that gating blocksize on
> total transaction fees doesn't work.
>
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Proposed alternatives to the 20MB step function

2015-05-08 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
Matt,

It seems you missed my suggestion about basing the maximum block size on
the bitcoin days destroyed in transactions that are included in the block.
I think it has potential for both scaling as well as keeping up a constant
fee pressure. If tuned properly, it should both stop spamming and increase
block size maximum when there are a lot of real transactions waiting for
inclusion.

- Joel

On Fri, May 8, 2015 at 1:30 PM, Clément Elbaz  wrote:

> Matt : I think proposal #1 and #3 are a lot better than #2, and #1 is my
> favorite.
>
> I see two problems with proposal #2.
> The first problem with proposal #2 is that, as we see in democracies,
> there is often a mismatch between the people conscious vote and these same
> people behavior.
>
> Relying on an  intentional vote made consciously by miners by choosing a
> configuration value can lead to twisted results if their actual behavior
> doesn't correlate with their vote (eg, they all vote for a small block size
> because it is the default configuration of their software, and then they
> fill it completely all the time and everything crashes).
>
> The second problem with proposal #2 is that if Gavin and Mike are right,
> there is simply no time to gather a meaningful amount of votes over the
> coinbases, after the fork but before the Bitcoin scalability crash.
>
> I like proposal #1 because the "vote" is made using already available
> data. Also there is no possible mismatch between behavior and vote. As a
> miner you vote by choosing to create a big (or small) block, and your
> actions reflect your vote. It is simple and straightforward.
>
> My feelings on proposal #3 is it is a little bit mixing apples and
> oranges, but I may not seeing all the implications.
>
>
> Le ven. 8 mai 2015 à 09:21, Matt Whitlock  a
> écrit :
>
>> Between all the flames on this list, several ideas were raised that did
>> not get much attention. I hereby resubmit these ideas for consideration and
>> discussion.
>>
>> - Perhaps the hard block size limit should be a function of the actual
>> block sizes over some trailing sampling period. For example, take the
>> median block size among the most recent 2016 blocks and multiply it by 1.5.
>> This allows Bitcoin to scale up gradually and organically, rather than
>> having human beings guessing at what is an appropriate limit.
>>
>> - Perhaps the hard block size limit should be determined by a vote of the
>> miners. Each miner could embed a desired block size limit in the coinbase
>> transactions of the blocks it publishes. The effective hard block size
>> limit would be that size having the greatest number of votes within a
>> sliding window of most recent blocks.
>>
>> - Perhaps the hard block size limit should be a function of block-chain
>> length, so that it can scale up smoothly rather than jumping immediately to
>> 20 MB. This function could be linear (anticipating a breakdown of Moore's
>> Law) or quadratic.
>>
>> I would be in support of any of the above, but I do not support Mike
>> Hearn's proposed jump to 20 MB. Hearn's proposal kicks the can down the
>> road without actually solving the problem, and it does so in a
>> controversial (step function) way.
>>
>>
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Block Size Increase

2015-05-07 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
Having observed the customer support nightmare it tends to cause for a
small exchange service when 100% full blocks happen, I've been thinking
that the limit really should be dynamic and respond to demand and the
amount of fees offered. It just doesn't feel right when it takes ages to
burn through the backlog when 100% full is hit for a while. So, while
pondering this, I got an idea that I think has a chance of working that I
can't remember seeing suggested anywhere.

How about basing the maximum valid size for a block on the total bitcoin
days destroyed in that block? That should still stop transaction spam but
naturally expand the block size when there's a backlog of real
transactions. It'd also provide for an indirect mechanism for increasing
the maximum block size based on fees if there's a lot of fees but little
bitcoin days destroyed. In such a situation there'd be incentive to pay
someone to spend an older txout to expand the maximum. I realize this is a
rather half baked idea, but it seems worth considering.

- Joel

On Thu, May 7, 2015 at 10:31 PM, Alan Reiner  wrote:

>  This *is* urgent and needs to be handled right now, and I believe Gavin
> has the best approach to this.  I have heard Gavin's talks on increasing
> the block size, and the two most persuasive points to me were:
>
> (1) Blocks are essentially nearing "full" now.  And by "full" he means
> that the reliability of the network (from the average user perspective) is
> about to be impacted in a very negative way (I believe it was due to the
> inconsistent time between blocks).  I think Gavin said that his simulations
> showed 400 kB - 600 kB worth of transactions per 10 min (approx 3-4 tps) is
> where things start to behave poorly for certain classes of transactions.
> In other words, we're very close to the effective limit in terms of
> maintaining the current "standard of living", and with a year needed to
> raise the block time this actually is urgent.
>
> (2) Leveraging fee pressure at 1MB to solve the problem is actually really
> a bad idea.  It's really bad while Bitcoin is still growing, and relying on
> fee pressure at 1 MB severely impacts attractiveness and adoption potential
> of Bitcoin (due to high fees and unreliability).  But more importantly, it
> ignores the fact that for a 7 tps is pathetic for a global transaction
> system.  It is a couple orders of magnitude too low for any meaningful
> commercial activity to occur.  If we continue with a cap of 7 tps forever,
> Bitcoin *will* fail.  Or at best, it will fail to be useful for the vast
> majority of the world (which probably leads to failure).  We shouldn't be
> talking about fee pressure until we hit 700 tps, which is probably still
> too low.
>
> You can argue that side chains and payment channels could alleviate this.
> But how far off are they?  We're going to hit effective 1MB limits long
> before we can leverage those in a meaningful way.  Even if everyone used
> them, getting a billion people onto the system just can't happen even at 1
> transaction per year per person to get into a payment channel or move money
> between side chains.
>
> We get asked all the time by corporate clients about scalability.  A limit
> of 7 tps makes them uncomfortable that they are going to invest all this
> time into a system that has no chance of handling the economic activity
> that they expect it handle.  We always assure them that 7 tps is not the
> final answer.
>
> Satoshi didn't believe 1 MB blocks were the correct answer.  I personally
> think this is critical to Bitcoin's long term future.   And I'm not sure
> what else Gavin could've done to push this along in a meaninful way.
>
> -Alan
>
>
>
> On 05/07/2015 02:06 PM, Mike Hearn wrote:
>
> I think you are rubbing against your own presupposition that people
>> must find and alternative right now. Quite a lot here do not believe there
>> is any urgency, nor that there is an immanent problem that has to be solved
>> before the sky falls in.
>>
>
>  I have explained why I believe there is some urgency, whereby "some
> urgency" I mean, assuming it takes months to implement, merge, test,
> release and for people to upgrade.
>
>  But if it makes you happy, imagine that this discussion happens all over
> again next year and I ask the same question.
>
>
>
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Proposal to address Bitcoin malware

2015-02-02 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
If the attacker has your desktop computer but not the mobile that's acting
as an independent second factor, how are you then supposed to be able to
tell you're not signing the correct transaction on the mobile? If the
address was replaced with the attacker's address, it'll look like
everything is ok.

- Joel

On Mon, Feb 2, 2015 at 9:58 PM, Brian Erdelyi 
wrote:

>
> > Confusing or not, the reliance on multiple signatures as offering
> greater security than single relies on the independence of multiple
> secrets. If the secrets cannot be shown to retain independence in the
> envisioned threat scenario (e.g. a user's compromised operating system)
> then the benefit reduces to making the exploit more difficult to write,
> which, once written, reduces to no benefit. Yet the user still suffers the
> reduced utility arising from greater complexity, while being led to believe
> in a false promise.
>
> Just trying to make sure I understand what you’re saying.  Are you eluding
> to that if two of the three private keys get compromised there is no gain
> in security?  Although the likelihood of this occurring is lower, it is
> possible.
>
> As more malware targets bitcoins I think the utility is evident.  Given
> how final Bitcoin transactions are, I think it’s worth trying to find
> methods to help verify those transactions (if a user deems it to be
> high-risk enough) before the transaction is completed.  The balance is
> trying to devise something that users do not find too burdensome.
>
> Brian Erdelyi
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] performance testing for bitcoin

2012-10-04 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
For script evaluation benchmarking, I don't think just a good
approximation of real-world traffic is enough. You really need to
benchmark the worst case scenarios, otherwise you could be creating a
DoS vulnerability.

- Joel

ke, 2012-10-03 kello 13:57 -0400, Ian Miers kirjoitti:
> Script evaluation performance was what I was primarily concerned
> with.  I'm fooling around with adding some new instruction types.
> The tricky part is that to test how that effects performance, you need
> to be able to intersperse transactions with the new instructions with
> existing ones.  For accuracy, you'd like your simulated traffic to at
> least approximate the real world traffic.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Also, is there any bench-marking / instrumentation in bitcoind ? 
> 
> 
> Ian
> On Wed, Oct 3, 2012 at 1:43 PM, Jeff Garzik 
> wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 3, 2012 at 1:38 PM, Ian Miers 
> wrote:
> > Whats the best way to get performance numbers for
> modifications to bitcoin ?
> > Profiling it while running on testnet might work, but that
> would take a
> > rather long time to get data.
> > Is there anyway to speed this up  if we only needed to
> provide  relative
> > performance between tests. (in a sense a fast performance
> regression test).
> 
> 
> You have to be specific about what you're measuring, because
> "performance" is vague.
> 
> You can measure many aspects of blockchain performance by
> importing
> blocks via -loadblock=FILE.
> 
> Other performance measurements like "how fast does a block
> relay
> through the network" cannot be as easily measured.
> 
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Punishing empty blocks?

2012-05-24 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
I think the strong verification would go well if you add it along with an
optimization that avoids rechecking transactions that have already been
verified as valid. Any transactions it doesn't have to verify are from the
pool, of course :)

On Thu, May 24, 2012 at 7:33 PM, Jeff Garzik  wrote:

> There appears to be some non-trivial mining power devoted to mining
> empty blocks.  Even with satoshi's key observation -- hash a fixed
> 80-byte header, not the entire block -- some miners still find it
> easier to mine empty blocks, rather than watch the network for new
> transactions.
>
> Therefore I was wondering what people thought about a client
> implementation change:
>
> - Do not store or relay empty blocks, if time since last block < X
>   (where X = 60 minutes, perhaps)
>
> or even stronger,
>
> - Ensure latest block includes at least X percent of mempool
> unconfirmed TXs
>
> The former is easier to implement, though there is the danger that
> no-TX miners simply include a statically generated transaction or two.
>
> The latter might be considered problematic, as it might refuse to
> relay quickly found blocks.
>
> Comments?  It wouldn't be a problem if these no-TX blocks were not
> already getting frequent (1 in 20).
>
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Alternative to OP_EVAL

2011-12-31 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
Wouldn't it work to restrict the number of executions of OP_EVAL allowed
per transaction? That way it wouldn't allow for unlimited looping. If
there's too many OP_EVAL executions during the transaction evaluation,
just consider the transaction illegal. 3 would be enough for the
purposes people have been planning for here I think.

- Joel

On Thu, 2011-12-29 at 11:42 -0500, rocon...@theorem.ca wrote:
> On Thu, 29 Dec 2011, theymos wrote:
> 
> > On Thu, Dec 29, 2011, at 01:55 AM, rocon...@theorem.ca wrote:
> >> The number of operations executed is still bounded by the number of
> >> operations occurring in the script.  With the OP_EVAL proposal the
> >> script language becomes essentially Turing complete, with only an
> >> artificial limit on recursion depth preventing arbitrary computation
> >> and there is no way to know what code will run without executing it.
> >
> > Even if OP_EVAL allowed infinite depth, you'd still need to explicitly
> > specify all operations performed, since there is no way of looping.
> 
> That's not true.  Gavin himself showed how to use OP_EVAL to loop:
> OP_PUSHDATA {OP_DUP OP_EVAL} OP_DUP OP_EVAL.
> 
> Basically OP_DUP lets you duplicate the code on the stack and that is the 
> key to looping.  I'm pretty sure from here we get get Turing completeness. 
> Using the stack operations I expect you can implement the SK-calculus 
> given an OP_EVAL that allows arbitrary depth.
> 
> OP_EVAL adds dangerously expressive power to the scripting language.
> 



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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Protocol extensions

2011-12-22 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
On Thu, 2011-12-22 at 11:52 +, Andy Parkins wrote:
> Why should they have to?  Joining the network as a node is very low cost to 
> the other nodes.  You can't force any node not to be lazy, since their option 
> is to disconnect themselves.  As to maliciousness, that is defended against 
> because when a node negative announces a transaction, that transaction is 
> going to be checked (note that there is still no implicit trust) -- if a node 
> is incorrectly negative-announcing then it can justifiably be kicked.

a node that is not doing any checking themselves can not reliably
forward failed verifications without getting the blame for doing faulty
work. Those nodes would then have the incentive not to relay the failed
verifications. This ends up making it important to know which nodes will
be checking transactions or not so you don't isolate yourself from other
nodes that are also checking transactions.

- Joel


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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Fwd: [BIP 15] Aliases

2011-12-14 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
On Wed, 2011-12-14 at 15:07 -0500, Luke-Jr wrote:
> > "Sure, send it to david.bitcoin.se".
> 
> That's not a valid URI.

I realize I'm responding to an useless nitpick with another useless
nitpick but here goes.

It doesn't have to be a valid URI. As long as the recipient (or the
software he's using) can make it into a valid URI. My web-browser
definitely would open http://david.bitcoin.se/ from that. For bitcoin
clients, https:// should be the guess it tries.

- Joel


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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Addressing rapid changes in mining power

2011-11-23 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
On Wed, 2011-11-23 at 15:39 +, Andy Parkins wrote:
> On 2011 November 23 Wednesday, Gavin Andresen wrote:
> 
> > Bitcoin as-is doesn't have the "I got lucky and found an extremely
> > hard block" problem because the difficulty TARGET is used to compute
> > chain difficulty, not the actual hashes found.
> 
> Good points.  I don't think I have a response to that one.

If there's an upper bound on the difficulty a block is accepted to have
(even if it would've passed with significantly higher difficulty), that
could solve this issue. For example, take the median (or average) of the
past 2016 blocks and don't value any new block for more than maybe 4
times as difficult as that. 

> I saw the "I got lucky" result as a benefit, as it made it harder to fork the 
> chain.  We got an advantage from the luck.
> 
> I'll have to abandon this suggestion.  It's not going to work.
> 
> Thanks for the feedback everyone.

Don't be so hasty with that :)

- Joel


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Re: [Bitcoin-development] multisig, op_eval and lock_time/sequence...

2011-11-09 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
It's propably best to create a separate p2p network for off-band
information like this. No need to involve the blockchain with it.

- Joel

On Wed, 2011-11-09 at 16:18 -0500, Gavin Andresen wrote:
> One more thought on putting arbitrary stuff in the scriptSig:
> 
> Miners could decide to revolt and remove the extra scriptSig
> information before including the transaction in their blocks. They'd
> still get the full transaction fee, and the transaction would still
> validate so the block would be accepted by everybody else.
> 
> Come to think of it, if a node relaying transactions wanted to save
> bandwidth costs or be annoying, it could also strip off the extra
> information before forwarding it, so this isn't a reliable
> communication mechanism. It is probably a much better idea to use
> another protocol to gather signatures.
> 



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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Determine input addresses of a transaction

2011-10-25 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
On Tue, 2011-10-25 at 11:45 +0200, Jan Vornberger wrote:
> 1) Get something working reasonable fast to detect current green address
> style transactions. It's fine if it is a little bit of a hack, as long as
> it's safe, since I don't expect it to be merged with mainline anyway at
> this point.
> 
> 2) Rethink how green transactions are created and verified and try to put
> something 'proper' together which has a chance of being merged at some
> point.
> 
> For the moment I was going more with 1) because I got the impression, that
> green transactions are too controversial at this point to get them
> included in mainline. Criticism ranging from 'unnecessary, as
> 0-confirmation transactions are fairly safe today' to 'encourages too much
> centralization and therefore evil'. So how to people on this list feel
> about green transactions? Would people be interested in helping me with
> 2)?

One possibility would be to create a peer sourced green address
implementation. That is, each user could, individually decide to trust
certain addresses as "green" and optionally, publish this trust. Basing
things on the published trust, you could dynamically, as opposed to
static hierarchies, evaluate the trustworthiness of each green address
you haven't personally decided to trust.

This would be somewhat involved implementation, though, as it would
require heavy statistical calculations.

- Joel


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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Request review: drop misbehaving peers

2011-09-16 Thread Joel Joonatan Kaartinen
> Darn good question. If the protection fails, would it be better for it
> to 'fail hard', leaving people complaining "bitcoin won't stay
> connected!"
> 
> Or fail soft, so you at least have a couple of connections.
> 
> I think fail hard is better-- we'll immediately know about the
> problem, and can fix it.  Fail soft makes me nervous because  I think
> that would make it more likely a bug splits the network (and,
> therefore, the blockchain).

My own preference would be to fail hard with detection of the problem
and notification of the user if there's a GUI connected and/or running.

- Joel



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