RE: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Thanks Lukas, I really appreciate your input and guidance, nice to know I'm thinking along the right lines, even if bending the rules and re-inventing the wheel in places. Another thing I found with the built in ORM/DBIC (though correct me if I'm wrong), is it doesn't work with T-SQL Stored Procedures, which is where I am heading with a lot of my SQL functionality. Let SQL do the work, and simply manipulate the returned recordset. So I have in my underlying SQL helper class # Stored Procedure SQL sub spSQL { #_0 = Self #_1 = Stored Procedure with params! # Declare Local Vars my ($self,$sp) = @_; # Connect my $dbh = $self->dbh; # Set Long Read (required for DBI & ODBC!) $dbh->{LongReadLen} = 9; # Run SQL Command my $sth = $dbh->prepare("EXEC $sp") || die("Error in spSQL ($self->{server}): $sp"); $sth->execute(); # Loop SQL Record Set while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) { # Build Array of Hashes with SQL Data $rs[@rs] = \%$ref; } # Return record set return @rs; } Dunno, how do you execute SQL stored procedures using the inbuilt ORM/CRUD via DBIC ? Craig. -Original Message- From: Lukas Thiemeier [mailto:spamcatc...@thiemeier.net] Sent: 30 October 2012 12:52 To: catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? Hi Craig, You don't understand why "$c->model('Model1')" retrieves and data, because it doesn't retrieve any data. Database-code in the controller should be avoided, and instead be implemented in the model. My code just passes a reference to "Model2" to "Model1", so "Model1" can access data from "Model2". Within "Model1", you can use prepare, execute, fetch et cetera on "Model1" and "Model2", to fetch the data for your calculations. Nevertheless, i think that your idea to create a extra model, which has access to both underlying databases, is a better choice. Lukas On 10/30/2012 01:16 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > Thanks Lukas, > > Chained method calls is not my strong point in Perl, they seem easier to read > in other languages with bracketed encapsulation and the dot notation. > > Your helper method is interesting, though I don't understand how > $c->model("Model1"); retrieves any SQL data, like I said wrapping my head > around this is a bit of an uphill struggle currently. > > Regards, > > Craig. > > > -Original Message- > From: Lukas Thiemeier [mailto:spamcatc...@thiemeier.net] > Sent: 30 October 2012 11:28 > To: The elegant MVC web framework > Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? > > Hi Craig, > > On 10/30/2012 12:09 PM, Craig Chant wrote: >> Thanks Ian, >> >> The hierarchy is something that I am finding mind-blowing at the moment, >> "$self->jqgrid->render($self," , you are calling methods jqgrid->render on >> $self, passing in $self, I'm sure it makes sense to you :-) >> > > No, he is calling "render" on whatever is returned by $self->jqgrid. > Thats why $self has to be passed to "render". The code above is equivalent to: > > my $jqgrid = $self->jqgrid; > $jqgrid->render($self, ...); > > >> One thing I would like clarification with if possible. >> >> Where do I put code that requires the use of more than one model? >> >> Do I create a separate model that acts as an interface between the other >> models? > > Thats one possibility. Another possibility would be to create a helper method > in Model1, which expects Model2 as a parameter. > > Model1.pm: > > sub calculate_sth_with_model2{ > my ($self, $model2) = @_; > do_crazy_calculations(); > } > > And in your Controller: > > sub calculate :Local :Args(0) { > my ($self, $c) = @_; > > my $m1 = $c->model("Model1"); > my $m2 = $c->model("Model2"); > > $m1->calculate_sth_with_model2($m2); > > } > >> >> You see I have two SQL servers in opposite ends of the country and so I have >> a model built on Model::DBI that can access one server and another Model >> that can access the other, but I have functionality that needs data from >> both , do some calculations and output accordingly. >> >> I assume this does not go in the controller, but I create an interface model >> with the required methods and functionality that the controller uses? >> >> Regards, >> >> Craig. >> >> -Original Message- >> From: Ian Docherty [mailto:catal...@iando
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Hi Craig, You don't understand why "$c->model('Model1')" retrieves and data, because it doesn't retrieve any data. Database-code in the controller should be avoided, and instead be implemented in the model. My code just passes a reference to "Model2" to "Model1", so "Model1" can access data from "Model2". Within "Model1", you can use prepare, execute, fetch et cetera on "Model1" and "Model2", to fetch the data for your calculations. Nevertheless, i think that your idea to create a extra model, which has access to both underlying databases, is a better choice. Lukas On 10/30/2012 01:16 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > Thanks Lukas, > > Chained method calls is not my strong point in Perl, they seem easier to read > in other languages with bracketed encapsulation and the dot notation. > > Your helper method is interesting, though I don't understand how > $c->model("Model1"); retrieves any SQL data, like I said wrapping my head > around this is a bit of an uphill struggle currently. > > Regards, > > Craig. > > > -----Original Message- > From: Lukas Thiemeier [mailto:spamcatc...@thiemeier.net] > Sent: 30 October 2012 11:28 > To: The elegant MVC web framework > Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? > > Hi Craig, > > On 10/30/2012 12:09 PM, Craig Chant wrote: >> Thanks Ian, >> >> The hierarchy is something that I am finding mind-blowing at the moment, >> "$self->jqgrid->render($self," , you are calling methods jqgrid->render on >> $self, passing in $self, I'm sure it makes sense to you :-) >> > > No, he is calling "render" on whatever is returned by $self->jqgrid. > Thats why $self has to be passed to "render". The code above is equivalent to: > > my $jqgrid = $self->jqgrid; > $jqgrid->render($self, ...); > > >> One thing I would like clarification with if possible. >> >> Where do I put code that requires the use of more than one model? >> >> Do I create a separate model that acts as an interface between the other >> models? > > Thats one possibility. Another possibility would be to create a helper method > in Model1, which expects Model2 as a parameter. > > Model1.pm: > > sub calculate_sth_with_model2{ > my ($self, $model2) = @_; > do_crazy_calculations(); > } > > And in your Controller: > > sub calculate :Local :Args(0) { > my ($self, $c) = @_; > > my $m1 = $c->model("Model1"); > my $m2 = $c->model("Model2"); > > $m1->calculate_sth_with_model2($m2); > > } > >> >> You see I have two SQL servers in opposite ends of the country and so I have >> a model built on Model::DBI that can access one server and another Model >> that can access the other, but I have functionality that needs data from >> both , do some calculations and output accordingly. >> >> I assume this does not go in the controller, but I create an interface model >> with the required methods and functionality that the controller uses? >> >> Regards, >> >> Craig. >> >> -Original Message- >> From: Ian Docherty [mailto:catal...@iandocherty.com] >> Sent: 30 October 2012 07:22 >> To: The elegant MVC web framework >> Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? >> >> On 29 October 2012 21:01, Craig Chant wrote: >> ... >>> >>> I have read and seen frameworks such as Mojolicious encourage a shrinkage >>> of the Model and move alot of functionality to the Controller, so there is >>> a paradigm which seems to imply it is ok to do more stuff in the >>> Controller, but I am leaning towards having the main code in the Model and >>> then bolting it together via the Controller. >>> >> I can understand why you get this impression, I think a lot of people end up >> putting code in the Controller when they first start using MVC (I did so >> myself in the past). >> >> The Model should be external to your Catalyst app (or whatever framework you >> use) so that you can use it in things like cron jobs. It also makes testing >> easier if your Model is separate from your Catalyst app. Look at using >> something like Catalyst::Model::Adaptor as a thin shell to add your external >> Model into Catalyst. >> >> I am moving more and more into making my Controllers as thin as >> possible. Logic that I might have previously put into the Controller, >> I either put
RE: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Cool, thanks Ian. I am trying to build my models based on functionality around the DBIC ethos, not quite as a direct model->table mapping as DBIC creates, but for example all functions that require access to the 'Users' table, will have a 'Users' model and all functionality regarding logins, logouts, user name and other stuff kept in that model. Separating it all into the correct models with all the desired methods isn't easy and will take time to formulate, but even though I'm not using Catalysts ORM/CRUD, I am still trying to stick to an MVC paradigm! I have a long way to go for sure! Craig. -Original Message- From: Ian Docherty [mailto:catal...@iandocherty.com] Sent: 30 October 2012 11:25 To: The elegant MVC web framework Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? On 30 October 2012 11:09, Craig Chant wrote: > Thanks Ian, > > The hierarchy is something that I am finding mind-blowing at the moment, > "$self->jqgrid->render($self," , you are calling methods jqgrid->render on > $self, passing in $self, I'm sure it makes sense to you :-) > > One thing I would like clarification with if possible. > > Where do I put code that requires the use of more than one model? > > Do I create a separate model that acts as an interface between the other > models? > > You see I have two SQL servers in opposite ends of the country and so I have > a model built on Model::DBI that can access one server and another Model that > can access the other, but I have functionality that needs data from both , do > some calculations and output accordingly. > > I assume this does not go in the controller, but I create an interface model > with the required methods and functionality that the controller uses? > Craig. Yes, try to keep it out of the Controller. My opinion is, that if you have business logic that uses data from two SQL servers (each of which has it's own model) then this would be a model in it's own right. First think of this business logic outside of Catalyst, it might have accessors for each of the SQL instance objects. Create a BusinessModel for this logic. You might find that this then becomes the only Model that you need to access from Catalyst, and the SQL server objects are not directly called from Catalyst, but are subsumed by BusinessModel. Then use Catalyst::Model::Adaptor with your BusinessModel giving Catalyst access to all of it's methods. Kind Regards Ian ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
RE: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Thanks Lukas, Chained method calls is not my strong point in Perl, they seem easier to read in other languages with bracketed encapsulation and the dot notation. Your helper method is interesting, though I don't understand how $c->model("Model1"); retrieves any SQL data, like I said wrapping my head around this is a bit of an uphill struggle currently. Regards, Craig. -Original Message- From: Lukas Thiemeier [mailto:spamcatc...@thiemeier.net] Sent: 30 October 2012 11:28 To: The elegant MVC web framework Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? Hi Craig, On 10/30/2012 12:09 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > Thanks Ian, > > The hierarchy is something that I am finding mind-blowing at the moment, > "$self->jqgrid->render($self," , you are calling methods jqgrid->render on > $self, passing in $self, I'm sure it makes sense to you :-) > No, he is calling "render" on whatever is returned by $self->jqgrid. Thats why $self has to be passed to "render". The code above is equivalent to: my $jqgrid = $self->jqgrid; $jqgrid->render($self, ...); > One thing I would like clarification with if possible. > > Where do I put code that requires the use of more than one model? > > Do I create a separate model that acts as an interface between the other > models? Thats one possibility. Another possibility would be to create a helper method in Model1, which expects Model2 as a parameter. Model1.pm: sub calculate_sth_with_model2{ my ($self, $model2) = @_; do_crazy_calculations(); } And in your Controller: sub calculate :Local :Args(0) { my ($self, $c) = @_; my $m1 = $c->model("Model1"); my $m2 = $c->model("Model2"); $m1->calculate_sth_with_model2($m2); } > > You see I have two SQL servers in opposite ends of the country and so I have > a model built on Model::DBI that can access one server and another Model that > can access the other, but I have functionality that needs data from both , do > some calculations and output accordingly. > > I assume this does not go in the controller, but I create an interface model > with the required methods and functionality that the controller uses? > > Regards, > > Craig. > > -----Original Message- > From: Ian Docherty [mailto:catal...@iandocherty.com] > Sent: 30 October 2012 07:22 > To: The elegant MVC web framework > Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? > > On 29 October 2012 21:01, Craig Chant wrote: > ... >> >> I have read and seen frameworks such as Mojolicious encourage a shrinkage of >> the Model and move alot of functionality to the Controller, so there is a >> paradigm which seems to imply it is ok to do more stuff in the Controller, >> but I am leaning towards having the main code in the Model and then bolting >> it together via the Controller. >> > I can understand why you get this impression, I think a lot of people end up > putting code in the Controller when they first start using MVC (I did so > myself in the past). > > The Model should be external to your Catalyst app (or whatever framework you > use) so that you can use it in things like cron jobs. It also makes testing > easier if your Model is separate from your Catalyst app. Look at using > something like Catalyst::Model::Adaptor as a thin shell to add your external > Model into Catalyst. > > I am moving more and more into making my Controllers as thin as > possible. Logic that I might have previously put into the Controller, > I either put into the Model or I create helper functions. Here is an > example of a Controller (from Mojolicious as it happens but that is > not important) > > sub user_list { > my ($self) = @_; > > $self->jqgrid->render($self, { > rs => $self->schema->resultset('User')->search_rs, > filters => {}, > rows=> [qw(id name)], > }); > } > > It's not important to know what is going on here, but this Controller gets a > list of all users, formats the data for use in the jQuery jqGrid allows for > sorting and filtering and outputs the data in JSON format. The point being, > the controller code is kept simple and 'thin' > and yet it does a lot of work behind the scenes. > > ___ > List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk > Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst > Searchable archive: > http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ > Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ This Email and any attachments > contain confidential information and is intended solely for the
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Hi Craig, On 10/30/2012 12:09 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > Thanks Ian, > > The hierarchy is something that I am finding mind-blowing at the moment, > "$self->jqgrid->render($self," , you are calling methods jqgrid->render on > $self, passing in $self, I'm sure it makes sense to you :-) > No, he is calling "render" on whatever is returned by $self->jqgrid. Thats why $self has to be passed to "render". The code above is equivalent to: my $jqgrid = $self->jqgrid; $jqgrid->render($self, ...); > One thing I would like clarification with if possible. > > Where do I put code that requires the use of more than one model? > > Do I create a separate model that acts as an interface between the other > models? Thats one possibility. Another possibility would be to create a helper method in Model1, which expects Model2 as a parameter. Model1.pm: sub calculate_sth_with_model2{ my ($self, $model2) = @_; do_crazy_calculations(); } And in your Controller: sub calculate :Local :Args(0) { my ($self, $c) = @_; my $m1 = $c->model("Model1"); my $m2 = $c->model("Model2"); $m1->calculate_sth_with_model2($m2); } > > You see I have two SQL servers in opposite ends of the country and so I have > a model built on Model::DBI that can access one server and another Model that > can access the other, but I have functionality that needs data from both , do > some calculations and output accordingly. > > I assume this does not go in the controller, but I create an interface model > with the required methods and functionality that the controller uses? > > Regards, > > Craig. > > -Original Message----- > From: Ian Docherty [mailto:catal...@iandocherty.com] > Sent: 30 October 2012 07:22 > To: The elegant MVC web framework > Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? > > On 29 October 2012 21:01, Craig Chant wrote: > ... >> >> I have read and seen frameworks such as Mojolicious encourage a shrinkage of >> the Model and move alot of functionality to the Controller, so there is a >> paradigm which seems to imply it is ok to do more stuff in the Controller, >> but I am leaning towards having the main code in the Model and then bolting >> it together via the Controller. >> > I can understand why you get this impression, I think a lot of people end up > putting code in the Controller when they first start using MVC (I did so > myself in the past). > > The Model should be external to your Catalyst app (or whatever framework you > use) so that you can use it in things like cron jobs. It also makes testing > easier if your Model is separate from your Catalyst app. Look at using > something like Catalyst::Model::Adaptor as a thin shell to add your external > Model into Catalyst. > > I am moving more and more into making my Controllers as thin as possible. > Logic that I might have previously put into the Controller, I either put into > the Model or I create helper functions. Here is an example of a Controller > (from Mojolicious as it happens but that is not important) > > sub user_list { > my ($self) = @_; > > $self->jqgrid->render($self, { > rs => $self->schema->resultset('User')->search_rs, > filters => {}, > rows=> [qw(id name)], > }); > } > > It's not important to know what is going on here, but this Controller gets a > list of all users, formats the data for use in the jQuery jqGrid allows for > sorting and filtering and outputs the data in JSON format. The point being, > the controller code is kept simple and 'thin' > and yet it does a lot of work behind the scenes. > > ___ > List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk > Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst > Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ > Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ > This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is > intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has > been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are > not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or > rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted > immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software > viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, > which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore > carry out your own anti-virus ch
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
On 30 October 2012 11:09, Craig Chant wrote: > Thanks Ian, > > The hierarchy is something that I am finding mind-blowing at the moment, > "$self->jqgrid->render($self," , you are calling methods jqgrid->render on > $self, passing in $self, I'm sure it makes sense to you :-) > > One thing I would like clarification with if possible. > > Where do I put code that requires the use of more than one model? > > Do I create a separate model that acts as an interface between the other > models? > > You see I have two SQL servers in opposite ends of the country and so I have > a model built on Model::DBI that can access one server and another Model that > can access the other, but I have functionality that needs data from both , do > some calculations and output accordingly. > > I assume this does not go in the controller, but I create an interface model > with the required methods and functionality that the controller uses? > Craig. Yes, try to keep it out of the Controller. My opinion is, that if you have business logic that uses data from two SQL servers (each of which has it's own model) then this would be a model in it's own right. First think of this business logic outside of Catalyst, it might have accessors for each of the SQL instance objects. Create a BusinessModel for this logic. You might find that this then becomes the only Model that you need to access from Catalyst, and the SQL server objects are not directly called from Catalyst, but are subsumed by BusinessModel. Then use Catalyst::Model::Adaptor with your BusinessModel giving Catalyst access to all of it's methods. Kind Regards Ian ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
RE: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Thanks Ian, The hierarchy is something that I am finding mind-blowing at the moment, "$self->jqgrid->render($self," , you are calling methods jqgrid->render on $self, passing in $self, I'm sure it makes sense to you :-) One thing I would like clarification with if possible. Where do I put code that requires the use of more than one model? Do I create a separate model that acts as an interface between the other models? You see I have two SQL servers in opposite ends of the country and so I have a model built on Model::DBI that can access one server and another Model that can access the other, but I have functionality that needs data from both , do some calculations and output accordingly. I assume this does not go in the controller, but I create an interface model with the required methods and functionality that the controller uses? Regards, Craig. -Original Message- From: Ian Docherty [mailto:catal...@iandocherty.com] Sent: 30 October 2012 07:22 To: The elegant MVC web framework Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? On 29 October 2012 21:01, Craig Chant wrote: ... > > I have read and seen frameworks such as Mojolicious encourage a shrinkage of > the Model and move alot of functionality to the Controller, so there is a > paradigm which seems to imply it is ok to do more stuff in the Controller, > but I am leaning towards having the main code in the Model and then bolting > it together via the Controller. > I can understand why you get this impression, I think a lot of people end up putting code in the Controller when they first start using MVC (I did so myself in the past). The Model should be external to your Catalyst app (or whatever framework you use) so that you can use it in things like cron jobs. It also makes testing easier if your Model is separate from your Catalyst app. Look at using something like Catalyst::Model::Adaptor as a thin shell to add your external Model into Catalyst. I am moving more and more into making my Controllers as thin as possible. Logic that I might have previously put into the Controller, I either put into the Model or I create helper functions. Here is an example of a Controller (from Mojolicious as it happens but that is not important) sub user_list { my ($self) = @_; $self->jqgrid->render($self, { rs => $self->schema->resultset('User')->search_rs, filters => {}, rows=> [qw(id name)], }); } It's not important to know what is going on here, but this Controller gets a list of all users, formats the data for use in the jQuery jqGrid allows for sorting and filtering and outputs the data in JSON format. The point being, the controller code is kept simple and 'thin' and yet it does a lot of work behind the scenes. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
On 29 October 2012 21:01, Craig Chant wrote: ... > > I have read and seen frameworks such as Mojolicious encourage a shrinkage of > the Model and move alot of functionality to the Controller, so there is a > paradigm which seems to imply it is ok to do more stuff in the Controller, > but I am leaning towards having the main code in the Model and then bolting > it together via the Controller. > I can understand why you get this impression, I think a lot of people end up putting code in the Controller when they first start using MVC (I did so myself in the past). The Model should be external to your Catalyst app (or whatever framework you use) so that you can use it in things like cron jobs. It also makes testing easier if your Model is separate from your Catalyst app. Look at using something like Catalyst::Model::Adaptor as a thin shell to add your external Model into Catalyst. I am moving more and more into making my Controllers as thin as possible. Logic that I might have previously put into the Controller, I either put into the Model or I create helper functions. Here is an example of a Controller (from Mojolicious as it happens but that is not important) sub user_list { my ($self) = @_; $self->jqgrid->render($self, { rs => $self->schema->resultset('User')->search_rs, filters => {}, rows=> [qw(id name)], }); } It's not important to know what is going on here, but this Controller gets a list of all users, formats the data for use in the jQuery jqGrid allows for sorting and filtering and outputs the data in JSON format. The point being, the controller code is kept simple and 'thin' and yet it does a lot of work behind the scenes. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
RE: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
>>I'm not sure you'd really want $c->dbh anyway, since that's doesn't >>sound like you would be encapsulating the Model very well, and sounds >>like you'd have SQL in your controller code? This was what I thought and am trying to avoid, I am doing my best to keep concern with SQL trot he Model and any action/method that requires data to use the Model and have the business logic kept in the Model, so that only actions->routes and the additional application helper methods are in the controller. I have read and seen frameworks such as Mojolicious encourage a shrinkage of the Model and move alot of functionality to the Controller, so there is a paradigm which seems to imply it is ok to do more stuff in the Controller, but I am leaning towards having the main code in the Model and then bolting it together via the Controller. So for example the authentication for the user is in the Controller but it simply utilises the Model EG. sub AuthenticateUser { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; $c->session; if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ $c->forward('/login/login'); } } Dunno, this is all new to me and I'm refactoring as I go, so I doubt I'll get it right first time! Does anyone? From: Rob Brown [r...@intelcompute.com] Sent: 29 October 2012 19:39 To: catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? Just a small FYI more than anything, which might help fill in a few gaps... $c->dbh would need you to modify MyApp.pm, this is useful at times for creating little helper methods that you want accessible via $c, or to override existing $c methods. The session plugin does this too, that's why $c->sessionid is available, etc. or $c->check_user_roles() when using the Authorization::Roles plugin. I'm not sure you'd really want $c->dbh anyway, since that's doesn't sound like you would be encapsulating the Model very well, and sounds like you'd have SQL in your controller code? On 10/29/2012 07:28 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > Cool, thanks. > > Reading the tutorial I got the impression $c was always passed. > > Thanks for clearing that up, which is why I guess $c->dbh doesn't exist. > > hmm, much for me to get my head round for sure! > > Regards, > > Craig. > > ____ > From: Rob Brown [r...@intelcompute.com] > Sent: 29 October 2012 19:11 > To: catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk > Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? > > There's no black-magic going on, so your AuthenticateUser() sub never > "magically" gets $c. > > In short, you'll only get $c when using the method attributes, such as > :Private, :Chained, etc. > > > > > On 10/29/2012 07:07 PM, Craig Chant wrote: >> Hi, >> >> I seem to be unable to work out why $c is never automatically passed to >> any of my models or methods? >> >> I have in root.pm >> >> # always runs first! >> >> sub begin :Private { >> >> my ( $self, $c ) = @_; >> >> # Authenticate >> >> $self->AuthenticateUser(); >> >> return 1; >> >> } >> >> I then have... >> >> sub AuthenticateUser { >> >> my ( $self, $c ) = @_; >> >> $c->session; >> >> if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ >> >> $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); >> >> } >> >> } >> >> However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from >> 'begin'.. >> >> $self->AuthenticateUser($c); >> >> I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default >> variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. >> >> is this not the case? >> >> Thanks, >> >> Craig . >> >> This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is >> intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this >> Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as >> possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, >> distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and >> all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps >> to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail >> may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has >> failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus >> checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not >> accept any liability for
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Just a small FYI more than anything, which might help fill in a few gaps... $c->dbh would need you to modify MyApp.pm, this is useful at times for creating little helper methods that you want accessible via $c, or to override existing $c methods. The session plugin does this too, that's why $c->sessionid is available, etc. or $c->check_user_roles() when using the Authorization::Roles plugin. I'm not sure you'd really want $c->dbh anyway, since that's doesn't sound like you would be encapsulating the Model very well, and sounds like you'd have SQL in your controller code? On 10/29/2012 07:28 PM, Craig Chant wrote: Cool, thanks. Reading the tutorial I got the impression $c was always passed. Thanks for clearing that up, which is why I guess $c->dbh doesn't exist. hmm, much for me to get my head round for sure! Regards, Craig. From: Rob Brown [r...@intelcompute.com] Sent: 29 October 2012 19:11 To: catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? There's no black-magic going on, so your AuthenticateUser() sub never "magically" gets $c. In short, you'll only get $c when using the method attributes, such as :Private, :Chained, etc. On 10/29/2012 07:07 PM, Craig Chant wrote: Hi, I seem to be unable to work out why $c is never automatically passed to any of my models or methods? I have in root.pm # always runs first! sub begin :Private { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; # Authenticate $self->AuthenticateUser(); return 1; } I then have... sub AuthenticateUser { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; $c->session; if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); } } However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from 'begin'.. $self->AuthenticateUser($c); I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. is this not the case? Thanks, Craig . This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ -- IntelCompute Web Design& Online Marketing Experts http://www.intelcompute.com ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-ma
RE: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Thanks Will, Appreciate you clarifying this for me. CRaig. From: will trillich [will.trill...@serensoft.com] Sent: 29 October 2012 19:16 To: The elegant MVC web framework Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? On Mon, Oct 29, 2012 at 2:07 PM, Craig Chant mailto:cr...@homeloanpartnership.com>> wrote: sub begin :Private { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; # Authenticate $self->AuthenticateUser(); Note, you don't pass $c to AuthenticateUser here! return 1; } I then have... sub AuthenticateUser { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; $c->session; if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); } } However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from 'begin'.. $self->AuthenticateUser($c); I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. is this not the case? Right, that's not the case. It only passes to the :Chained or :Args or :CaptureArgs methods. This leaves you free to create your own internal methods that don't get extra $c args interfering with your logic. -- [http://www.serensoft.com/sites/all/themes/marinelli/img/serensoft_logo_screen.gif] Will Trillich :: 812.454.6431 “Grading takes away all the fun from failing. And a huge part of education is about failure.” -- Shimon Schocken This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Hi again, $c is automatically passed to Catalyst-actions (not methods), but only if you use Catalyst to do so. If you call $self->someaction; or $c->controller('SomeController')->someaction(); it is not passed. How can catalyst know if you are calling a catalyst action, or any method on any object? And even if the object is a catalyst controller, how can catalyst know if it is a action, which requires the context, or just a helper, which doesn't use the context? If you want catalyst to pass $c, use $c->forward, $c->detach, $c->visit and $c->go instead: $c->forward("/someaction"); or $c->forward($c->controller('MyController')->action_for("someaction")); or $c->forward("/somecontroller/someaction"); Read the main catalyst docs for details. (perldoc Catalyst) Lukas On 10/29/2012 08:07 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > Hi, > > > > I seem to be unable to work out why $c is never automatically passed to > any of my models or methods? > > > > I have in root.pm > > > > # always runs first! > > sub begin :Private { > > > > my ( $self, $c ) = @_; > > > > # Authenticate > > $self->AuthenticateUser(); > > return 1; > > > > } > > > > I then have... > > > > sub AuthenticateUser { > > > > my ( $self, $c ) = @_; > > > > $c->session; > > if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ > > $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); > > } > > > > } > > > > However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from > 'begin'.. > > > > $self->AuthenticateUser($c); > > > > > > I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default > variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. > > > > is this not the case? > > > > Thanks, > > > > Craig . > > This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is > intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this > Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as > possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, > distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and > all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps > to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail > may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has > failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus > checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not > accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating > from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. > HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all > e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee > of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on > behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a > trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales > with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, > London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by > the Financial Services Authority. > > > ___ > List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk > Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst > Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ > Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
RE: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Cool, thanks. Reading the tutorial I got the impression $c was always passed. Thanks for clearing that up, which is why I guess $c->dbh doesn't exist. hmm, much for me to get my head round for sure! Regards, Craig. From: Rob Brown [r...@intelcompute.com] Sent: 29 October 2012 19:11 To: catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Subject: Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined? There's no black-magic going on, so your AuthenticateUser() sub never "magically" gets $c. In short, you'll only get $c when using the method attributes, such as :Private, :Chained, etc. On 10/29/2012 07:07 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > Hi, > > I seem to be unable to work out why $c is never automatically passed to > any of my models or methods? > > I have in root.pm > > # always runs first! > > sub begin :Private { > > my ( $self, $c ) = @_; > > # Authenticate > > $self->AuthenticateUser(); > > return 1; > > } > > I then have... > > sub AuthenticateUser { > > my ( $self, $c ) = @_; > > $c->session; > > if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ > > $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); > > } > > } > > However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from > 'begin'.. > > $self->AuthenticateUser($c); > > I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default > variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. > > is this not the case? > > Thanks, > > Craig . > > This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is > intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this > Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as > possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, > distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and > all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps > to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail > may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has > failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus > checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not > accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating > from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. > HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all > e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee > of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on > behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a > trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales > with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, > London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by > the Financial Services Authority. > > > > ___ > List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk > Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst > Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ > Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ -- IntelCompute Web Design & Online Marketing Experts http://www.intelcompute.com ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales with Registration Number
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
On Mon, Oct 29, 2012 at 2:07 PM, Craig Chant wrote: > sub begin :Private { > > > > my ( $self, $c ) = @_; > > > > # Authenticate > > $self->AuthenticateUser(); > *Note, you don't pass $c to AuthenticateUser here!* > return 1; > > > > } > > > > I then have... > > > > sub AuthenticateUser { > > > > my ( $self, $c ) = @_; > > > > $c->session; > > if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ > > $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); > > } > > > > } > > > > However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from > 'begin'.. > > > > $self->AuthenticateUser($c); > > > > > > I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default > variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. > > > > is this not the case? > *Right, that's not the case. It only passes to the :Chained or :Args or :CaptureArgs methods. This leaves you free to create your own internal methods that don't get extra $c args interfering with your logic.* * * -- Will Trillich :: 812.454.6431 “Grading takes away all the fun from failing. And a huge part of education is about failure.” -- Shimon Schocken ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
Re: [Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
There's no black-magic going on, so your AuthenticateUser() sub never "magically" gets $c. In short, you'll only get $c when using the method attributes, such as :Private, :Chained, etc. On 10/29/2012 07:07 PM, Craig Chant wrote: Hi, I seem to be unable to work out why $c is never automatically passed to any of my models or methods? I have in root.pm # always runs first! sub begin :Private { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; # Authenticate $self->AuthenticateUser(); return 1; } I then have... sub AuthenticateUser { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; $c->session; if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); } } However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from 'begin'.. $self->AuthenticateUser($c); I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. is this not the case? Thanks, Craig . This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/ -- IntelCompute Web Design & Online Marketing Experts http://www.intelcompute.com ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/
[Catalyst] Why is $c undefined?
Hi, I seem to be unable to work out why $c is never automatically passed to any of my models or methods? I have in root.pm # always runs first! sub begin :Private { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; # Authenticate $self->AuthenticateUser(); return 1; } I then have... sub AuthenticateUser { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; $c->session; if(!$c->model('Members')->LogCheck($c)){ $c->uri_for_action('/login/login'); } } However, $c is undefined and errors, it only works if I pass it $c from 'begin'.. $self->AuthenticateUser($c); I was under the impression that $c was the context (Catalyst) default variable and was always passed to every method / subroutine. is this not the case? Thanks, Craig . This Email and any attachments contain confidential information and is intended solely for the individual to whom it is addressed. If this Email has been misdirected, please notify the author as soon as possible. If you are not the intended recipient you must not disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on any of the information contained, and all copies must be deleted immediately. Whilst we take reasonable steps to try to identify any software viruses, any attachments to this e-mail may nevertheless contain viruses, which our anti-virus software has failed to identify. You should therefore carry out your own anti-virus checks before opening any documents. HomeLoan Partnership will not accept any liability for damage caused by computer viruses emanating from any attachment or other document supplied with this e-mail. HomeLoan Partnership reserves the right to monitor and archive all e-mail communications through its network. No representative or employee of HomeLoan Partnership has the authority to enter into any contract on behalf of HomeLoan Partnership by email. HomeLoan Partnership is a trading name of H L Partnership Limited, registered in England and Wales with Registration Number 5011722. Registered office: 26-34 Old Street, London, EC1V 9QQ. H L Partnership Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. ___ List: Catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk Listinfo: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst Searchable archive: http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/ Dev site: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/