Added: cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html?rev=1757419&view=auto ============================================================================== --- cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html (added) +++ cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html Tue Aug 23 19:25:17 2016 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +--- +layout: docpage + +title: "Documentation" + +is_homepage: false +is_sphinx_doc: true + +doc-parent: "Operating Cassandra" + +doc-title: "Compression" +doc-header-links: ' + <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> + <link rel="up" title="Operating Cassandra" href="index.html"/> + <link rel="next" title="Change Data Capture" href="cdc.html"/> + <link rel="prev" title="Bloom Filters" href="bloom_filters.html"/> +' +doc-search-path: "../search.html" + +extra-footer: ' +<script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: "", + VERSION: "", + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", + HAS_SOURCE: false, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" + }; +</script> +' + +--- +<div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-md-2"> + <div class="doc-navigation"> + <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation"> + <div class="navbar-header"> + <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + </button> + </div> + <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search"> + <div class="form-group"> + <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs"> + <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> + <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> + </div> + </form> + + + + <ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Operating Cassandra</a><ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Compression</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-compression">Configuring Compression</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#benefits-and-uses">Benefits and Uses</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#operational-impact">Operational Impact</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#advanced-use">Advanced Use</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li> +</ul> + + + + </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-8"> + <div class="content doc-content"> + <div class="container"> + + <div class="section" id="compression"> +<h1>Compression<a class="headerlink" href="#compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>Cassandra offers operators the ability to configure compression on a per-table basis. Compression reduces the size of +data on disk by compressing the SSTable in user-configurable compression <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_length_in_kb</span></code>. Because Cassandra +SSTables are immutable, the CPU cost of compressing is only necessary when the SSTable is written - subsequent updates +to data will land in different SSTables, so Cassandra will not need to decompress, overwrite, and recompress data when +UPDATE commands are issued. On reads, Cassandra will locate the relevant compressed chunks on disk, decompress the full +chunk, and then proceed with the remainder of the read path (merging data from disks and memtables, read repair, and so +on).</p> +<div class="section" id="configuring-compression"> +<h2>Configuring Compression<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Compression is configured on a per-table basis as an optional argument to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALTER</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>. By +default, three options are relevant:</p> +<ul class="simple"> +<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">class</span></code> specifies the compression class - Cassandra provides three classes (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LZ4Compressor</span></code>, +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SnappyCompressor</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DeflateCompressor</span></code> ). The default is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SnappyCompressor</span></code>.</li> +<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_length_in_kb</span></code> specifies the number of kilobytes of data per compression chunk. The default is 64KB.</li> +<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">crc_check_chance</span></code> determines how likely Cassandra is to verify the checksum on each compression chunk during +reads. The default is 1.0.</li> +</ul> +<p>Users can set compression using the following syntax:</p> +<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>CREATE TABLE keyspace.table (id int PRIMARY KEY) WITH compression = {'class': 'LZ4Compressor'}; +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Or</p> +<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ALTER TABLE keyspace.table WITH compression = {'class': 'SnappyCompressor', 'chunk_length_in_kb': 128, 'crc_check_chance': 0.5}; +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Once enabled, compression can be disabled with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALTER</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> setting <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enabled</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">false</span></code>:</p> +<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ALTER TABLE keyspace.table WITH compression = {'enabled':'false'}; +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Operators should be aware, however, that changing compression is not immediate. The data is compressed when the SSTable +is written, and as SSTables are immutable, the compression will not be modified until the table is compacted. Upon +issuing a change to the compression options via <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALTER</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>, the existing SSTables will not be modified until they +are compacted - if an operator needs compression changes to take effect immediately, the operator can trigger an SSTable +rewrite using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nodetool</span> <span class="pre">scrub</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nodetool</span> <span class="pre">upgradesstables</span> <span class="pre">-a</span></code>, both of which will rebuild the SSTables on disk, +re-compressing the data in the process.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="benefits-and-uses"> +<h2>Benefits and Uses<a class="headerlink" href="#benefits-and-uses" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Compression’s primary benefit is that it reduces the amount of data written to disk. Not only does the reduced size save +in storage requirements, it often increases read and write throughput, as the CPU overhead of compressing data is faster +than the time it would take to read or write the larger volume of uncompressed data from disk.</p> +<p>Compression is most useful in tables comprised of many rows, where the rows are similar in nature. Tables containing +similar text columns (such as repeated JSON blobs) often compress very well.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="operational-impact"> +<h2>Operational Impact<a class="headerlink" href="#operational-impact" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Compression metadata is stored off-heap and scales with data on disk. This often requires 1-3GB of off-heap RAM per +terabyte of data on disk, though the exact usage varies with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_length_in_kb</span></code> and compression ratios.</li> +<li>Streaming operations involve compressing and decompressing data on compressed tables - in some code paths (such as +non-vnode bootstrap), the CPU overhead of compression can be a limiting factor.</li> +<li>The compression path checksums data to ensure correctness - while the traditional Cassandra read path does not have a +way to ensure correctness of data on disk, compressed tables allow the user to set <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">crc_check_chance</span></code> (a float from +0.0 to 1.0) to allow Cassandra to probabilistically validate chunks on read to verify bits on disk are not corrupt.</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="section" id="advanced-use"> +<h2>Advanced Use<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-use" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Advanced users can provide their own compression class by implementing the interface at +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.ICompressor</span></code>.</p> +</div> +</div> + + + + + <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="cdc.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Change Data Capture" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> + + + <a href="bloom_filters.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Bloom Filters" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-2"> + </div> + </div> +</div> \ No newline at end of file
Added: cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html?rev=1757419&view=auto ============================================================================== --- cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html (added) +++ cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html Tue Aug 23 19:25:17 2016 @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +--- +layout: docpage + +title: "Documentation" + +is_homepage: false +is_sphinx_doc: true + +doc-parent: "Operating Cassandra" + +doc-title: "Hardware Choices" +doc-header-links: ' + <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> + <link rel="up" title="Operating Cassandra" href="index.html"/> + <link rel="next" title="Cassandra Tools" href="../tools/index.html"/> + <link rel="prev" title="Security" href="security.html"/> +' +doc-search-path: "../search.html" + +extra-footer: ' +<script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: "", + VERSION: "", + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", + HAS_SOURCE: false, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" + }; +</script> +' + +--- +<div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-md-2"> + <div class="doc-navigation"> + <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation"> + <div class="navbar-header"> + <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + </button> + </div> + <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search"> + <div class="form-group"> + <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs"> + <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> + <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> + </div> + </form> + + + + <ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Operating Cassandra</a><ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Hardware Choices</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cpu">CPU</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memory">Memory</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#disks">Disks</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#common-cloud-choices">Common Cloud Choices</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li> +</ul> + + + + </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-8"> + <div class="content doc-content"> + <div class="container"> + + <div class="section" id="hardware-choices"> +<h1>Hardware Choices<a class="headerlink" href="#hardware-choices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>Like most databases, Cassandra throughput improves with more CPU cores, more RAM, and faster disks. While Cassandra can +be made to run on small servers for testing or development environments (including Raspberry Pis), a minimal production +server requires at least 2 cores, and at least 8GB of RAM. Typical production servers have 8 or more cores and at least +32GB of RAM.</p> +<div class="section" id="cpu"> +<h2>CPU<a class="headerlink" href="#cpu" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Cassandra is highly concurrent, handling many simultaneous requests (both read and write) using multiple threads running +on as many CPU cores as possible. The Cassandra write path tends to be heavily optimized (writing to the commitlog and +then inserting the data into the memtable), so writes, in particular, tend to be CPU bound. Consequently, adding +additional CPU cores often increases throughput of both reads and writes.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="memory"> +<h2>Memory<a class="headerlink" href="#memory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Cassandra runs within a Java VM, which will pre-allocate a fixed size heap (java’s Xmx system parameter). In addition to +the heap, Cassandra will use significant amounts of RAM offheap for compression metadata, bloom filters, row, key, and +counter caches, and an in process page cache. Finally, Cassandra will take advantage of the operating system’s page +cache, storing recently accessed portions files in RAM for rapid re-use.</p> +<p>For optimal performance, operators should benchmark and tune their clusters based on their individual workload. However, +basic guidelines suggest:</p> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>ECC RAM should always be used, as Cassandra has few internal safeguards to protect against bit level corruption</li> +<li>The Cassandra heap should be no less than 2GB, and no more than 50% of your system RAM</li> +<li>Heaps smaller than 12GB should consider ParNew/ConcurrentMarkSweep garbage collection</li> +<li>Heaps larger than 12GB should consider G1GC</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="section" id="disks"> +<h2>Disks<a class="headerlink" href="#disks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Cassandra persists data to disk for two very different purposes. The first is to the commitlog when a new write is made +so that it can be replayed after a crash or system shutdown. The second is to the data directory when thresholds are +exceeded and memtables are flushed to disk as SSTables.</p> +<p>Commitlogs receive every write made to a Cassandra node and have the potential to block client operations, but they are +only ever read on node start-up. SSTable (data file) writes on the other hand occur asynchronously, but are read to +satisfy client look-ups. SSTables are also periodically merged and rewritten in a process called compaction. The data +held in the commitlog directory is data that has not been permanently saved to the SSTable data directories - it will be +periodically purged once it is flushed to the SSTable data files.</p> +<p>Cassandra performs very well on both spinning hard drives and solid state disks. In both cases, Cassandra’s sorted +immutable SSTables allow for linear reads, few seeks, and few overwrites, maximizing throughput for HDDs and lifespan of +SSDs by avoiding write amplification. However, when using spinning disks, it’s important that the commitlog +(<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_directory</span></code>) be on one physical disk (not simply a partition, but a physical disk), and the data files +(<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">data_file_directories</span></code>) be set to a separate physical disk. By separating the commitlog from the data directory, +writes can benefit from sequential appends to the commitlog without having to seek around the platter as reads request +data from various SSTables on disk.</p> +<p>In most cases, Cassandra is designed to provide redundancy via multiple independent, inexpensive servers. For this +reason, using NFS or a SAN for data directories is an antipattern and should typically be avoided. Similarly, servers +with multiple disks are often better served by using RAID0 or JBOD than RAID1 or RAID5 - replication provided by +Cassandra obsoletes the need for replication at the disk layer, so it’s typically recommended that operators take +advantage of the additional throughput of RAID0 rather than protecting against failures with RAID1 or RAID5.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="common-cloud-choices"> +<h2>Common Cloud Choices<a class="headerlink" href="#common-cloud-choices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Many large users of Cassandra run in various clouds, including AWS, Azure, and GCE - Cassandra will happily run in any +of these environments. Users should choose similar hardware to what would be needed in physical space. In EC2, popular +options include:</p> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>m1.xlarge instances, which provide 1.6TB of local ephemeral spinning storage and sufficient RAM to run moderate +workloads</li> +<li>i2 instances, which provide both a high RAM:CPU ratio and local ephemeral SSDs</li> +<li>m4.2xlarge / c4.4xlarge instances, which provide modern CPUs, enhanced networking and work well with EBS GP2 (SSD) +storage</li> +</ul> +<p>Generally, disk and network performance increases with instance size and generation, so newer generations of instances +and larger instance types within each family often perform better than their smaller or older alternatives.</p> +</div> +</div> + + + + + <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="../tools/index.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Cassandra Tools" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> + + + <a href="security.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Security" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-2"> + </div> + </div> +</div> \ No newline at end of file Added: cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html?rev=1757419&view=auto ============================================================================== --- cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html (added) +++ cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html Tue Aug 23 19:25:17 2016 @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +--- +layout: docpage + +title: "Documentation" + +is_homepage: false +is_sphinx_doc: true + +doc-parent: "Operating Cassandra" + +doc-title: "Hints" +doc-header-links: ' + <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> + <link rel="up" title="Operating Cassandra" href="index.html"/> + <link rel="next" title="Compaction" href="compaction.html"/> + <link rel="prev" title="Read repair" href="read_repair.html"/> +' +doc-search-path: "../search.html" + +extra-footer: ' +<script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: "", + VERSION: "", + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", + HAS_SOURCE: false, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" + }; +</script> +' + +--- +<div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-md-2"> + <div class="doc-navigation"> + <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation"> + <div class="navbar-header"> + <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + </button> + </div> + <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <form id="doc-search-form" 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href="index.html">Operating Cassandra</a><ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Hints</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a 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name="q" placeholder="Search docs"> + <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> + <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> + </div> + </form> + + + + <ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Operating Cassandra</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li> +<li 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</div><!--/.nav-collapse --> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-8"> + <div class="content doc-content"> + <div class="container"> + + <div class="section" id="operating-cassandra"> +<h1>Operating Cassandra<a class="headerlink" href="#operating-cassandra" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html#dynamic-snitching">Dynamic snitching</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html#snitch-classes">Snitch classes</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#bootstrap">Bootstrap</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#removing-nodes">Removing nodes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#moving-nodes">Moving nodes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#replacing-a-dead-node">Replacing a dead node</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#monitoring-progress">Monitoring progress</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#cleanup-data-after-range-movements">Cleanup data after range movements</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#types-of-compaction">Types of compaction</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#when-is-a-minor-compaction-triggered">When is a minor compaction triggered?</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#merging-sstables">Merging sstables</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#tombstones-and-garbage-collection-gc-grace">Tombstones and Garbage Collection (GC) Grace</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#ttl">TTL</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#fully-expired-sstables">Fully expired sstables</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#repaired-unrepaired-data">Repaired/unrepaired data</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#data-directories">Data directories</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#single-sstable-tombstone-compaction">Single sstable tombstone compaction</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#common-options">Common options</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#compaction-nodetool-commands">Compaction nodetool commands</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#switching-the-compaction-strategy-and-options-using-jmx">Switching the compaction strategy and options using JMX</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#more-detailed-compaction-logging">More detailed compaction logging</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#size-tiered-compaction-strategy">Size Tiered Compaction Strategy</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#leveled-compaction-strategy">Leveled Compaction Strategy</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#time-window-compactionstrategy">Time Window CompactionStrategy</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html#changing">Changing</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#configuring-compression">Configuring Compression</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#benefits-and-uses">Benefits and Uses</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#operational-impact">Operational 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class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#metric-types">Metric Types</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#table-metrics">Table Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#keyspace-metrics">Keyspace Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#threadpool-metrics">ThreadPool Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#client-request-metrics">Client Request Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#cache-metrics">Cache Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#cql-metrics">CQL Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#droppedmessage-metrics">DroppedMessage Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#streaming-metrics">Streaming Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#compaction-metrics">Compaction Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#commitlog-metrics">CommitLog Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#storage-metrics">Storage Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#hintedhandoff-metrics">HintedHandoff Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#sstable-index-metrics">SSTable Index Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#bufferpool-metrics">BufferPool Metrics</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" 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href="security.html#caching">Caching</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#jmx-access">JMX access</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#cpu">CPU</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#memory">Memory</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#disks">Disks</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#common-cloud-choices">Common Cloud Choices</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +</div> + + + + + <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="snitch.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Snitch" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" 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