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If all tuples have been successfully acked, the checksum will be zero (the odds that the checksum will be zero otherwise are vanishingly small).</p> - -<p>You can read a bit more about the <a href="Guaranteeing-message-processing.html#what-is-storms-reliability-api">reliability mechanism</a> elsewhere on the wiki -- this explains the internal details.</p> - -<h3 id="acker-execute">acker <code>execute()</code></h3> - -<p>The acker is actually a regular bolt, with its <a href="https://github.com/apache/storm/blob/46c3ba7/storm-core/src/clj/backtype/storm/daemon/acker.clj#L36";>execute method</a> defined withing <code>mk-acker-bolt</code>. When a new tupletree is born, the spout sends the XORed edge-ids of each tuple recipient, which the acker records in its <code>pending</code> ledger. Every time an executor acks a tuple, the acker receives a partial checksum that is the XOR of the tuple's own edge-id (clearing it from the ledger) and the edge-id of each downstream tuple the executor emitted (thus entering them into the ledger).</p> - -<p>This is accomplished as follows.</p> - -<p>On a tick tuple, just advance pending tupletree checksums towards death and return. Otherwise, update or create the record for this tupletree:</p> - -<ul> -<li>on init: initialize with the given checksum value, and record the spout's id for later.</li> -<li>on ack: xor the partial checksum into the existing checksum value</li> -<li>on fail: just mark it as failed</li> -</ul> - -<p>Next, <a href="https://github.com/apache/storm/blob/46c3ba7/storm-core/src/clj/backtype/storm/daemon/acker.clj#L50";>put the record</a>), into the RotatingMap (thus resetting is countdown to expiry) and take action:</p> - -<ul> -<li>if the total checksum is zero, the tupletree is complete: remove it from the pending collection and notify the spout of success</li> -<li>if the tupletree has failed, it is also complete: remove it from the pending collection and notify the spout of failure</li> -</ul> - -<p>Finally, pass on an ack of our own.</p> - -<h3 id="pending-tuples-and-the-rotatingmap">Pending tuples and the <code>RotatingMap</code></h3> - -<p>The acker stores pending tuples in a <a href="https://github.com/apache/storm/blob/master/storm-core/src/jvm/backtype/storm/utils/RotatingMap.java#L19";><code>RotatingMap</code></a>, a simple device used in several places within Storm to efficiently time-expire a process.</p> - -<p>The RotatingMap behaves as a HashMap, and offers the same O(1) access guarantees.</p> - -<p>Internally, it holds several HashMaps ('buckets') of its own, each holding a cohort of records that will expire at the same time. Let's call the longest-lived bucket death row, and the most recent the nursery. Whenever a value is <code>.put()</code> to the RotatingMap, it is relocated to the nursery -- and removed from any other bucket it might have been in (effectively resetting its death clock).</p> - -<p>Whenever its owner calls <code>.rotate()</code>, the RotatingMap advances each cohort one step further towards expiration. (Typically, Storm objects call rotate on every receipt of a system tick stream tuple.) If there are any key-value pairs in the former death row bucket, the RotatingMap invokes a callback (given in the constructor) for each key-value pair, letting its owner take appropriate action (eg, failing a tuple.</p> - - - - </div> - </div> - </div> -<footer> - <div class="container-fluid"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-md-3"> - <div class="footer-widget"> - <h5>Meetups</h5> - <ul class="latest-news"> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Apache-Storm-Apache-Kafka/";>Apache Storm & Apache Kafka</a> <span class="small">(Sunnyvale, CA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Apache-Storm-Kafka-Users/";>Apache Storm & Kafka Users</a> <span class="small">(Seattle, WA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/New-York-City-Storm-User-Group/";>NYC Storm User Group</a> <span class="small">(New York, NY)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Bay-Area-Stream-Processing";>Bay Area Stream Processing</a> <span class="small">(Emeryville, CA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Boston-Storm-Users/";>Boston Realtime Data</a> <span class="small">(Boston, MA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/storm-london";>London Storm User Group</a> <span class="small">(London, UK)</span></li> - - <!-- <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Apache-Storm-Kafka-Users/";>Seatle, WA</a> <span class="small">(27 Jun 2015)</span></li> --> - </ul> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-md-3"> - <div class="footer-widget"> - <h5>About Storm</h5> - <p>Storm integrates with any queueing system and any database system. 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These roles govern what tasks an individual may perform within the project. The roles are defined in the following sections:</p> - -<h3 id="users">Users:</h3> - -<p>The most important participants in the project are people who use our software. The majority of our developers start out as users and guide their development efforts from the user's perspective.</p> - -<p>Users contribute to the Apache projects by providing feedback to developers in the form of bug reports and feature suggestions. As well, users participate in the Apache community by helping other users on mailing lists and user support forums.</p> - -<h3 id="contributors">Contributors:</h3> - -<p>Contributors are all of the volunteers who are contributing time, code, documentation, or resources to the Storm Project. A contributor that makes sustained, welcome contributions to the project may be invited to become a Committer, though the exact timing of such invitations depends on many factors.</p> - -<h3 id="committers">Committers:</h3> - -<p>The project's Committers are responsible for the project's technical management. Committers have access to all project source repositories. Committers may cast binding votes on any technical discussion regarding storm.</p> - -<p>Committer access is by invitation only and must be approved by lazy consensus of the active PMC members. A Committer is considered emeritus by their own declaration or by not contributing in any form to the project for over six months. An emeritus Committer may request reinstatement of commit access from the PMC. Such reinstatement is subject to lazy consensus approval of active PMC members.</p> - -<p>All Apache Committers are required to have a signed Contributor License Agreement (CLA) on file with the Apache Software Foundation. There is a <a href="https://www.apache.org/dev/committers.html";>Committers' FAQ</a> which provides more details on the requirements for Committers.</p> - -<p>A Committer who makes a sustained contribution to the project may be invited to become a member of the PMC. The form of contribution is not limited to code. It can also include code review, helping out users on the mailing lists, documentation, testing, etc.</p> - -<h3 id="project-management-committee-pmc">Project Management Committee(PMC):</h3> - -<p>The PMC is responsible to the board and the ASF for the management and oversight of the Apache Storm codebase. The responsibilities of the PMC include:</p> - -<ul> -<li>Deciding what is distributed as products of the Apache Storm project. In particular all releases must be approved by the PMC.</li> -<li>Maintaining the project's shared resources, including the codebase repository, mailing lists, websites.</li> -<li>Speaking on behalf of the project.</li> -<li>Resolving license disputes regarding products of the project.</li> -<li>Nominating new PMC members and Committers.</li> -<li>Maintaining these bylaws and other guidelines of the project.</li> -</ul> - -<p>Membership of the PMC is by invitation only and must be approved by a consensus approval of active PMC members. A PMC member is considered "emeritus" by their own declaration or by not contributing in any form to the project for over six months. An emeritus member may request reinstatement to the PMC. Such reinstatement is subject to consensus approval of the active PMC members.</p> - -<p>The chair of the PMC is appointed by the ASF board. The chair is an office holder of the Apache Software Foundation (Vice President, Apache Storm) and has primary responsibility to the board for the management of the projects within the scope of the Storm PMC. The chair reports to the board quarterly on developments within the Storm project.</p> - -<p>The chair of the PMC is rotated annually. When the chair is rotated or if the current chair of the PMC resigns, the PMC votes to recommend a new chair using Single Transferable Vote (STV) voting. See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/general/BoardVoting";>http://wiki.apache.org/general/BoardVoting</a> for specifics. The decision must be ratified by the Apache board.</p> - -<h2 id="voting">Voting</h2> - -<p>Decisions regarding the project are made by votes on the primary project development mailing list (<a href="mailto:d...@storm.apache.org";>d...@storm.apache.org</a>). Where necessary, PMC voting may take place on the private Storm PMC mailing list. Votes are clearly indicated by subject line starting with [VOTE]. Votes may contain multiple items for approval and these should be clearly separated. Voting is carried out by replying to the vote mail. Voting may take four flavors:</p> - -<table><thead> -<tr> -<th>Vote</th> -<th>Meaning</th> -</tr> -</thead><tbody> -<tr> -<td>+1</td> -<td>'Yes,' 'Agree,' or 'the action should be performed.'</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>+0</td> -<td>Neutral about the proposed action.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>-0</td> -<td>Mildly negative, but not enough so to want to block it.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>-1</td> -<td>This is a negative vote. On issues where consensus is required, this vote counts as a veto. All vetoes must contain an explanation of why the veto is appropriate. Vetoes with no explanation are void. It may also be appropriate for a -1 vote to include an alternative course of action.</td> -</tr> -</tbody></table> - -<p>All participants in the Storm project are encouraged to show their agreement with or against a particular action by voting. For technical decisions, only the votes of active Committers are binding. Non-binding votes are still useful for those with binding votes to understand the perception of an action in the wider Storm community. For PMC decisions, only the votes of active PMC members are binding.</p> - -<p>Voting can also be applied to changes already made to the Storm codebase. These typically take the form of a veto (-1) in reply to the commit message sent when the commit is made. Note that this should be a rare occurrence. All efforts should be made to discuss issues when they are still patches before the code is committed.</p> - -<p>Only active (i.e. non-emeritus) Committers and PMC members have binding votes.</p> - -<h2 id="approvals">Approvals</h2> - -<p>These are the types of approvals that can be sought. Different actions require different types of approvals</p> - -<table><thead> -<tr> -<th>Approval Type</th> -<th>Criteria</th> -</tr> -</thead><tbody> -<tr> -<td>Consensus Approval</td> -<td>Consensus approval requires 3 binding +1 votes and no binding vetoes.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Majority Approval</td> -<td>Majority approval requires at least 3 binding +1 votes and more +1 votes than -1 votes.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Lazy Consensus</td> -<td>Lazy consensus requires no -1 votes ('silence gives assent').</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>2/3 Majority</td> -<td>2/3 majority votes requires at least 3 votes and twice as many +1 votes as -1 votes.</td> -</tr> -</tbody></table> - -<h3 id="vetoes">Vetoes</h3> - -<p>A valid, binding veto cannot be overruled. If a veto is cast, it must be accompanied by a valid reason explaining the reasons for the veto. The validity of a veto, if challenged, can be confirmed by anyone who has a binding vote. This does not necessarily signify agreement with the veto - merely that the veto is valid.</p> - -<p>If you disagree with a valid veto, you must lobby the person casting the veto to withdraw their veto. If a veto is not withdrawn, any action that has been vetoed must be reversed in a timely manner.</p> - -<h2 id="actions">Actions</h2> - -<p>This section describes the various actions which are undertaken within the project, the corresponding approval required for that action and those who have binding votes over the action.</p> - -<table><thead> -<tr> -<th>Actions</th> -<th>Description</th> -<th>Approval</th> -<th>Binding Votes</th> -<th>Minimum Length</th> -<th>Mailing List</th> -</tr> -</thead><tbody> -<tr> -<td>Code Change</td> -<td>A change made to a source code of the project and committed by a Committer.</td> -<td>A minimum of one +1 from a Committer other than the one who authored the patch, and no -1s. The code can be committed after the first +1. If a -1 is received to the patch within 7 days after the patch was posted, it may be reverted immediately if it was already merged.</td> -<td>Active Committers</td> -<td>1 day from initial patch (<strong>Note:</strong> Committers should consider allowing more time for review based on the complexity and/or impact of the patch in question.)</td> -<td>JIRA or Github pull ( with notification sent to <a href="mailto:d...@storm.apache.org";>d...@storm.apache.org</a>)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Non-Code Change</td> -<td>A change made to a repository of the project and committed by a Committer. 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The Clojure DSL has access to everything the Java API exposes, so if you're a Clojure user you can code Storm topologies without touching Java at all. The Clojure DSL is defined in the source in the <a href="https://github.com/apache/storm/blob/0.5.3/src/clj/backtype/storm/clojure.clj";>backtype.storm.clojure</a> namespace.</p> - -<p>This page outlines all the pieces of the Clojure DSL, including:</p> - -<ol> -<li>Defining topologies</li> -<li><code>defbolt</code></li> -<li><code>defspout</code></li> -<li>Running topologies in local mode or on a cluster</li> -<li>Testing topologies</li> -</ol> - -<h3 id="defining-topologies">Defining topologies</h3> - -<p>To define a topology, use the <code>topology</code> function. <code>topology</code> takes in two arguments: a map of "spout specs" and a map of "bolt specs". Each spout and bolt spec wires the code for the component into the topology by specifying things like inputs and parallelism.</p> - -<p>Let's take a look at an example topology definition <a href="https://github.com/apache/storm/blob/master/examples/storm-starter/src/clj/storm/starter/clj/word_count.clj";>from the storm-starter project</a>:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">topology</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">spout-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sentence-spout</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">spout-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">sentence-spout-parameterized</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"the cat jumped over the door"</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"greetings from a faraway land"</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="no">:p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">bolt-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:shuffle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:shuffle</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="n">split-sentence</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="no">:p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">bolt-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="p">]}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="n">word-count</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="no">:p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)})</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>The maps of spout and bolt specs are maps from the component id to the corresponding spec. The component ids must be unique across the maps. Just like defining topologies in Java, component ids are used when declaring inputs for bolts in the topology.</p> - -<h4 id="spout-spec">spout-spec</h4> - -<p><code>spout-spec</code> takes as arguments the spout implementation (an object that implements <a href="/javadoc/apidocs/backtype/storm/topology/IRichSpout.html">IRichSpout</a>) and optional keyword arguments. The only option that exists currently is the <code>:p</code> option, which specifies the parallelism for the spout. If you omit <code>:p</code>, the spout will execute as a single task.</p> - -<h4 id="bolt-spec">bolt-spec</h4> - -<p><code>bolt-spec</code> takes as arguments the input declaration for the bolt, the bolt implementation (an object that implements <a href="/javadoc/apidocs/backtype/storm/topology/IRichBolt.html">IRichBolt</a>), and optional keyword arguments.</p> - -<p>The input declaration is a map from stream ids to stream groupings. A stream id can have one of two forms:</p> - -<ol> -<li><code>[==component id== ==stream id==]</code>: Subscribes to a specific stream on a component</li> -<li><code>==component id==</code>: Subscribes to the default stream on a component</li> -</ol> - -<p>A stream grouping can be one of the following:</p> - -<ol> -<li><code>:shuffle</code>: subscribes with a shuffle grouping</li> -<li>Vector of field names, like <code>["id" "name"]</code>: subscribes with a fields grouping on the specified fields</li> -<li><code>:global</code>: subscribes with a global grouping</li> -<li><code>:all</code>: subscribes with an all grouping</li> -<li><code>:direct</code>: subscribes with a direct grouping</li> -</ol> - -<p>See <a href="Concepts.html">Concepts</a> for more info on stream groupings. Here's an example input declaration showcasing the various ways to declare inputs:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">{[</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:shuffle</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"field1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"field2"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:global</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>This input declaration subscribes to three streams total. It subscribes to stream "1" on component "2" with a shuffle grouping, subscribes to the default stream on component "3" with a fields grouping on the fields "field1" and "field2", and subscribes to stream "2" on component "4" with a global grouping.</p> - -<p>Like <code>spout-spec</code>, the only current supported keyword argument for <code>bolt-spec</code> is <code>:p</code> which specifies the parallelism for the bolt.</p> - -<h4 id="shell-bolt-spec">shell-bolt-spec</h4> - -<p><code>shell-bolt-spec</code> is used for defining bolts that are implemented in a non-JVM language. It takes as arguments the input declaration, the command line program to run, the name of the file implementing the bolt, an output specification, and then the same keyword arguments that <code>bolt-spec</code> accepts.</p> - -<p>Here's an example <code>shell-bolt-spec</code>:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">shell-bolt-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:shuffle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"id"</span><span class="p">]}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"python"</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"mybolt.py"</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"outfield1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"outfield2"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="no">:p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>The syntax of output declarations is described in more detail in the <code>defbolt</code> section below. See <a href="Using-non-JVM-languages-with-Storm.html">Using non JVM languages with Storm</a> for more details on how multilang works within Storm.</p> - -<h3 id="defbolt">defbolt</h3> - -<p><code>defbolt</code> is used for defining bolts in Clojure. Bolts have the constraint that they must be serializable, and this is why you can't just reify <code>IRichBolt</code> to implement a bolt (closures aren't serializable). <code>defbolt</code> works around this restriction and provides a nicer syntax for defining bolts than just implementing a Java interface.</p> - -<p>At its fullest expressiveness, <code>defbolt</code> supports parameterized bolts and maintaining state in a closure around the bolt implementation. It also provides shortcuts for defining bolts that don't need this extra functionality. The signature for <code>defbolt</code> looks like the following:</p> - -<p>(defbolt <em>name</em> <em>output-declaration</em> *<em>option-map</em> & <em>impl</em>)</p> - -<p>Omitting the option map is equivalent to having an option map of <code>{:prepare false}</code>.</p> - -<h4 id="simple-bolts">Simple bolts</h4> - -<p>Let's start with the simplest form of <code>defbolt</code>. Here's an example bolt that splits a tuple containing a sentence into a tuple for each word:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">defbolt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">split-sentence</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">words</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">.split</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">.getString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" "</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">doseq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">words</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">emit-bolt!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:anchor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ack!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>Since the option map is omitted, this is a non-prepared bolt. The DSL simply expects an implementation for the <code>execute</code> method of <code>IRichBolt</code>. The implementation takes two parameters, the tuple and the <code>OutputCollector</code>, and is followed by the body of the <code>execute</code> function. The DSL automatically type-hints the parameters for you so you don't need to worry about reflection if you use Java interop.</p> - -<p>This implementation binds <code>split-sentence</code> to an actual <code>IRichBolt</code> object that you can use in topologies, like so:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">bolt-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:shuffle</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="n">split-sentence</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="no">:p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<h4 id="parameterized-bolts">Parameterized bolts</h4> - -<p>Many times you want to parameterize your bolts with other arguments. For example, let's say you wanted to have a bolt that appends a suffix to every input string it receives, and you want that suffix to be set at runtime. You do this with <code>defbolt</code> by including a <code>:params</code> option in the option map, like so:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">defbolt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">suffix-appender</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">:params</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">suffix</span><span class="p">]}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">emit-bolt!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">.getString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">suffix</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:anchor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>Unlike the previous example, <code>suffix-appender</code> will be bound to a function that returns an <code>IRichBolt</code> rather than be an <code>IRichBolt</code> object directly. This is caused by specifying <code>:params</code> in its option map. So to use <code>suffix-appender</code> in a topology, you would do something like:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">bolt-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:shuffle</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">suffix-appender</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"-suffix"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="no">:p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<h4 id="prepared-bolts">Prepared bolts</h4> - -<p>To do more complex bolts, such as ones that do joins and streaming aggregations, the bolt needs to store state. You can do this by creating a prepared bolt which is specified by including <code>{:prepare true}</code> in the option map. Consider, for example, this bolt that implements word counting:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">defbolt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word-count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"count"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">:prepare</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">true</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">atom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{})]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">bolt</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">execute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">.getString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">swap!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">partial</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">merge-with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">emit-bolt!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">counts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:anchor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ack!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tuple</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">)))))</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>The implementation for a prepared bolt is a function that takes as input the topology config, <code>TopologyContext</code>, and <code>OutputCollector</code>, and returns an implementation of the <code>IBolt</code> interface. This design allows you to have a closure around the implementation of <code>execute</code> and <code>cleanup</code>. </p> - -<p>In this example, the word counts are stored in the closure in a map called <code>counts</code>. The <code>bolt</code> macro is used to create the <code>IBolt</code> implementation. The <code>bolt</code> macro is a more concise way to implement the interface than reifying, and it automatically type-hints all of the method parameters. This bolt implements the execute method which updates the count in the map and emits the new word count.</p> - -<p>Note that the <code>execute</code> method in prepared bolts only takes as input the tuple since the <code>OutputCollector</code> is already in the closure of the function (for simple bolts the collector is a second parameter to the <code>execute</code> function).</p> - -<p>Prepared bolts can be parameterized just like simple bolts.</p> - -<h4 id="output-declarations">Output declarations</h4> - -<p>The Clojure DSL has a concise syntax for declaring the outputs of a bolt. The most general way to declare the outputs is as a map from stream id a stream spec. For example:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"field1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"field2"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">direct-stream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"f1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"f2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"f3"</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"f1"</span><span class="p">]}</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>The stream id is a string, while the stream spec is either a vector of fields or a vector of fields wrapped by <code>direct-stream</code>. <code>direct stream</code> marks the stream as a direct stream (See <a href="Concepts.html">Concepts</a> and <a href="">Direct groupings</a> for more details on direct streams).</p> - -<p>If the bolt only has one output stream, you can define the default stream of the bolt by using a vector instead of a map for the output declaration. For example:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"count"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>This declares the output of the bolt as the fields ["word" "count"] on the default stream id.</p> - -<h4 id="emitting-acking-and-failing">Emitting, acking, and failing</h4> - -<p>Rather than use the Java methods on <code>OutputCollector</code> directly, the DSL provides a nicer set of functions for using <code>OutputCollector</code>: <code>emit-bolt!</code>, <code>emit-direct-bolt!</code>, <code>ack!</code>, and <code>fail!</code>.</p> - -<ol> -<li><code>emit-bolt!</code>: takes as parameters the <code>OutputCollector</code>, the values to emit (a Clojure sequence), and keyword arguments for <code>:anchor</code> and <code>:stream</code>. <code>:anchor</code> can be a single tuple or a list of tuples, and <code>:stream</code> is the id of the stream to emit to. Omitting the keyword arguments emits an unanchored tuple to the default stream.</li> -<li><code>emit-direct-bolt!</code>: takes as parameters the <code>OutputCollector</code>, the task id to send the tuple to, the values to emit, and keyword arguments for <code>:anchor</code> and <code>:stream</code>. This function can only emit to streams declared as direct streams.</li> -<li><code>ack!</code>: takes as parameters the <code>OutputCollector</code> and the tuple to ack.</li> -<li><code>fail!</code>: takes as parameters the <code>OutputCollector</code> and the tuple to fail.</li> -</ol> - -<p>See <a href="Guaranteeing-message-processing.html">Guaranteeing message processing</a> for more info on acking and anchoring.</p> - -<h3 id="defspout">defspout</h3> - -<p><code>defspout</code> is used for defining spouts in Clojure. Like bolts, spouts must be serializable so you can't just reify <code>IRichSpout</code> to do spout implementations in Clojure. <code>defspout</code> works around this restriction and provides a nicer syntax for defining spouts than just implementing a Java interface.</p> - -<p>The signature for <code>defspout</code> looks like the following:</p> - -<p>(defspout <em>name</em> <em>output-declaration</em> *<em>option-map</em> & <em>impl</em>)</p> - -<p>If you leave out the option map, it defaults to {:prepare true}. The output declaration for <code>defspout</code> has the same syntax as <code>defbolt</code>.</p> - -<p>Here's an example <code>defspout</code> implementation from <a href="https://github.com/apache/storm/blob/master/examples/storm-starter/src/clj/storm/starter/clj/word_count.clj";>storm-starter</a>:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">defspout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sentence-spout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"sentence"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">sentences</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"a little brown dog"</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"the man petted the dog"</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"four score and seven years ago"</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"an apple a day keeps the doctor away"</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">spout</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">nextTuple</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">Thread/sleep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">emit-spout!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="nf">rand-nth</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sentences</span><span class="p">)])</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="c1">;; You only need to define this method for reliable spouts</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="c1">;; (such as one that reads off of a queue like Kestrel)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="c1">;; This is an unreliable spout, so it does nothing here</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">))))</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>The implementation takes in as input the topology config, <code>TopologyContext</code>, and <code>SpoutOutputCollector</code>. The implementation returns an <code>ISpout</code> object. Here, the <code>nextTuple</code> function emits a random sentence from <code>sentences</code>. </p> - -<p>This spout isn't reliable, so the <code>ack</code> and <code>fail</code> methods will never be called. A reliable spout will add a message id when emitting tuples, and then <code>ack</code> or <code>fail</code> will be called when the tuple is completed or failed respectively. See <a href="Guaranteeing-message-processing.html">Guaranteeing message processing</a> for more info on how reliability works within Storm.</p> - -<p><code>emit-spout!</code> takes in as parameters the <code>SpoutOutputCollector</code> and the new tuple to be emitted, and accepts as keyword arguments <code>:stream</code> and <code>:id</code>. <code>:stream</code> specifies the stream to emit to, and <code>:id</code> specifies a message id for the tuple (used in the <code>ack</code> and <code>fail</code> callbacks). Omitting these arguments emits an unanchored tuple to the default output stream.</p> - -<p>There is also a <code>emit-direct-spout!</code> function that emits a tuple to a direct stream and takes an additional argument as the second parameter of the task id to send the tuple to.</p> - -<p>Spouts can be parameterized just like bolts, in which case the symbol is bound to a function returning <code>IRichSpout</code> instead of the <code>IRichSpout</code> itself. You can also declare an unprepared spout which only defines the <code>nextTuple</code> method. Here is an example of an unprepared spout that emits random sentences parameterized at runtime:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">defspout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sentence-spout-parameterized</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">:params</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">sentences</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">:prepare</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">false</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">Thread/sleep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">emit-spout!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="nf">rand-nth</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sentences</span><span class="p">)]))</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<p>The following example illustrates how to use this spout in a <code>spout-spec</code>:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">spout-spec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">sentence-spout-parameterized</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"the cat jumped over the door"</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="s">"greetings from a faraway land"</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="no">:p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<h3 id="running-topologies-in-local-mode-or-on-a-cluster">Running topologies in local mode or on a cluster</h3> - -<p>That's all there is to the Clojure DSL. To submit topologies in remote mode or local mode, just use the <code>StormSubmitter</code> or <code>LocalCluster</code> classes just like you would from Java.</p> - -<p>To create topology configs, it's easiest to use the <code>backtype.storm.config</code> namespace which defines constants for all of the possible configs. The constants are the same as the static constants in the <code>Config</code> class, except with dashes instead of underscores. For example, here's a topology config that sets the number of workers to 15 and configures the topology in debug mode:</p> -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-clojure" data-lang="clojure"><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">TOPOLOGY-DEBUG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">true</span><span class="w"> - </span><span class="n">TOPOLOGY-WORKERS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> -</span></code></pre></div> -<h3 id="testing-topologies">Testing topologies</h3> - -<p><a href="http://www.pixelmachine.org/2011/12/17/Testing-Storm-Topologies.html";>This blog post</a> and its <a href="http://www.pixelmachine.org/2011/12/21/Testing-Storm-Topologies-Part-2.html";>follow-up</a> give a good overview of Storm's powerful built-in facilities for testing topologies in Clojure.</p> - - - - </div> - </div> - </div> -<footer> - <div class="container-fluid"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-md-3"> - <div class="footer-widget"> - <h5>Meetups</h5> - <ul class="latest-news"> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Apache-Storm-Apache-Kafka/";>Apache Storm & Apache Kafka</a> <span class="small">(Sunnyvale, CA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Apache-Storm-Kafka-Users/";>Apache Storm & Kafka Users</a> <span class="small">(Seattle, WA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/New-York-City-Storm-User-Group/";>NYC Storm User Group</a> <span class="small">(New York, NY)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Bay-Area-Stream-Processing";>Bay Area Stream Processing</a> <span class="small">(Emeryville, CA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Boston-Storm-Users/";>Boston Realtime Data</a> <span class="small">(Boston, MA)</span></li> - - <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/storm-london";>London Storm User Group</a> <span class="small">(London, UK)</span></li> - - <!-- <li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Apache-Storm-Kafka-Users/";>Seatle, WA</a> <span class="small">(27 Jun 2015)</span></li> --> - </ul> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-md-3"> - <div class="footer-widget"> - <h5>About Storm</h5> - <p>Storm integrates with any queueing system and any database system. 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