Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Passing on of Tenancies

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

Thank you. 

Sent from my iPad

> On Jun 29, 2020, at 11:54 AM, elwyn soutter via CoTyroneList 
>  wrote:
> 
> Rick,
> 
> 
> 
> I can’t point you to specific legislation, but all I can say is that all
> the documentation I have ever seen points to a rented farm being heritable
> the same as any other asset. The farmer was free to dispose of it as he
> chose. What he was disposing of was the unexpired portion of the lease,
> plus all the physical assets on the farm (seed, animals machinery etc).
> 
> 
> 
> Here’s a random example of a will taken from the PRONI wills site, for a
> Tyrone farmer:
> 
> 
> 
> “I Robert Alexander of Altrest being of sound mind memory and understanding
> to make publish and declare this my last will and testament in manner and
> form following. That is to say I direct my executors at my death to sell my
> farm of land in Altrest and all the stock, crop and chattels thereon……”
> 
> 
> 
> 1st March 1880.
> 
> 
> 
> If you check the Valuation revision records for 1880, you will find that
> Robert Alexander had plot 12a in Altrest which was a 56 acre farm rented
> from Dalkeith Holmes. He also had 2 labourers cottages on the land which he
> sublet.  Quite clearly from the wil and the Valuation records, he didn't
> own the land, so what he was selling was the unexpired portion of that
> lease.  If you think about it many modern flats and appartments are
> similar. They are often on 100 or 1000 year leases, and can be sold on in
> the same way as freehold property.
> 
> 
> 
> (I think in this particular case Robert had no children to leave the farm
> to. Others mentioned in the will were his sister and some brothers, so
> that’s probably why it was being sold rather than left to the next
> generation. There was no next generation, but in other cases you will see
> the famr left to the eldest son. The landowner had no say in the matter).
> 
> 
> 
> As far as I can see, the person who bought the farm merely had to inform
> the landlord that they were now the tenant.  I see no evidence that the new
> owner needed the landlord’s permission.
> 
> 
> 
> As the 1800s progressed there were several bits of land legislation that
> gradually improved the security of tenure offered to most farmers who had a
> lease. It became increasingly difficult to evict them, or raise their
> rents, unless they failed to pay the rent or abide by certain other terms.
> It wasn’t as good a freehold but by the 1890s it was close to it. So the
> lease could be sold on in a fairly straightforward manner.  That’s my
> interpretation and it certainly seems to have been what happened.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Elwyn
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
>> On Mon, 29 Jun 2020 at 14:23, Rick Smoll  wrote:
>> 
>> Hello Elwyn
>> 
>> Both you and Peter are addressing lease issues pertaining to the
>> circumstances around the death of the landowner (which is interesting info
>> for certain); I am wondering though if you have come across any information
>> as to how the lease was legally passed on from generation to generation
>> within a family under normal circumstances (in the case of my family for at
>> least five generations). I've had no luck searching.
>> 
>> Thanks again
>> 
>> Rick Smoll
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> -Original Message-
>> From: elwyn soutter 
>> To: CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing List 
>> Cc: Rick Smoll ; Peter McKittrick <
>> petermck...@gmail.com>
>> Sent: Mon, Jun 29, 2020 4:24 am
>> Subject: Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Passing on of Tenancies
>> 
>> Regarding “reps of” cases, it was common for there to be significant
>> delays in winding up of some estates. That could be a combination of slow
>> or ineffective executors or it could be because there were disputes or
>> other legal matters which delayed things.
>> 
>> As a random search, I went to the PRONI wills website and looked for
>> people who died between 1858 and 1862 but whose estates were not granted
>> probate until between 1890 and 1900. There are 36 such cases.  So it took
>> up to 32 years for probate to be granted in a fairly significant number of
>> cases. And until that was done the executors had control over lease renewal
>> etc. So any property transactions relating to those estates would have
>> “reps of” for many many years. (It wasn’t a dodge to avoid a new lease, as
>> Peter suggests. It was just that the owner was dead but the property had
>> not yet been passed on formally to the person who had inherited it. So the
>> person with temporary jurisdiction, and landlord, was the executor(s).
>> 
>> Here’s a William Bradley who died in 1877. Probate was finally granted in
>> 1940.  Just a slight delay of 63 years. (The estate was valued at a
>> whopping £25).
>> 
>> Bradley William of Drumard county Tyrone farmer died 26 January 1877
>> Administration W/A Londonderry 13 September to Enoch Bradley farmer.
>> Effects £25. Probate: 13 September 1940.
>> 
>> On many of the lengthy delay cases you will find the letters “d.b.n” in
>> the probate abstract. DBN is short for 

Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Marriage Customs

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

All of theses historical readings are so interesting and informative.  Thank 
you so much. 

Sent from my iPad

> On Jun 21, 2020, at 2:41 PM, Dorothy Gaunt via CoTyroneList 
>  wrote:
> 
> Thank you Elwyn.  Absolutely fascinating.
> Dorothy 
> 
> Sent from my iPad
> 
>> On 22/06/2020, at 5:56 AM, elwyn soutter via CoTyroneList 
>>  wrote:
>> 
>> Marion,
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> I suspect that a full answer to your interesting question could fill a
>> hundred pages.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> One source you might want to investigate is: “The Population of Ireland
>> 1750 – 1845” by KH Connell, published in Oxford 1950. One of the many
>> causes of the problems that plagued Ireland in the 1800s was the fact that
>> there had been a massive population explosion. It went up from 3 million in
>> 1741 to 8 million in 1841. (It’s only 6 million today).  No-one is entirely
>> certain why. A reduction in neo-natal death rates was a factor. Connell
>> also speculates that they started to marry younger and that consequently
>> the reproductive rate ( R ) increased significantly. And as we all know
>> these days, if the R number rises significantly you can see an exponential
>> increase in whatever you are studying. In this case, children.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> The book therefore spends quite a bit of time discussing the customs
>> surrounding marriage, and also different customs between Catholics and
>> Protestants.  There’s some interesting but grim stuff about arranged
>> marriages in the West of Ireland, with girls being dragged to the altar by
>> their fathers, bathed in tears, to marry men they hadn’t a notion for. “The
>> Chief time for marriages is from Christmas until Lent, being the season of
>> the year when people have the most leisure for settling such business.”
>> (page 55).
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> But not all marriages were arranged. Couples mostly seemed to select each
>> other in the ways we would recognise today. Another factor was that
>> marriage was the only thing they could look to, to break the miserableness
>> of their existence. “Perhaps the strongest motives urging young people
>> towards early marriages were the wretchedness of their living conditions
>> and their realization that no ordinary amount of self-denial or industry
>> gave promise of better times. Contemporaries frequently regarded early
>> marriage as one of the evils of poor living conditions.” (p57).
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> Anyway, as I say, that study contains quite a bit on marriage customs.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> Some couples eloped (if they had the means). For years the main ferry
>> between Scotland and the Belfast area was between Portpatrick in
>> Wigtownshire and Donaghadee in Co. Down.  So couples eloped to Portpatrick
>> to get married. Scottish law then (and now) allows a couple to marry at 16,
>> and without parental consent.  (In England and Ireland parental consent was
>> required till you were 21). Some folk may have heard of people running off
>> to Gretna Green to get married. Gretna Green is on the border between
>> England & Scotland and so was handy if you were English and in a hurry to
>> get married, but Portpatrick was the equivalent if coming from Ireland.
>> Here’s a link to marriages in Portpatrick involving couples from Ireland,
>> going back to 1721. Most of these are presumably elopements. I can’t think
>> of any other reason for marrying there:
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> http://www.ulsterancestry.com/free/ShowFreePage-39.html#gsc.tab=0
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> The Ulster-Scots are an interesting group.  I did a course at Queens
>> University, Belfast a year or two back on migration into Ireland. The
>> lecturer drew a contrast between various invaders such as the Vikings and
>> the Ulster – Scots.  In spite of being present for 300 years or so, the
>> Vikings left very little impact on Ireland. There’s a few place names such
>> as Strangford (strong fjord) and the odd surname which may point to Norse
>> origins, but by and large there’s not much sign of them. Part of the reason
>> was that they only settled around the coast, and not in sufficient numbers
>> to dominate the population. But another factor was that they didn’t bring
>> any women with them.  If they needed women then the answer was usually a
>> bit of rape and pillage amongst the locals. However the significance of
>> this was that if they settled and remained in Ireland, as some undoubtedly
>> did, then they quickly integrated into the local community and their Norse
>> identity was soon lost. In contrast, the Scots came with equal numbers of
>> men and women.  They tended to marry each other and kept their separate
>> identity.  They often looked down on the native Irish and on Catholicism
>> which was the denomination that most had fought to get rid of in Scotland
>> in the 1500s, so that limited the tendency for inter-marriage, though for
>> all that there were plenty of mixed marriages. But overall the Ulster –
>> Scots, a high percentage of whom were Presbyterian tended to marry each
>> other. 

Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] CoTyroneList Digest, Vol 628, Issue 1

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

Nothing in content

Sent from my iPad

> On May 4, 2020, at 11:12 AM, Peter Hurley via CoTyroneList 
>  wrote:
> 
> 
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Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] CoTyroneIreland.com - New Content - Desertcreat Parish, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland in 1837 Lewis' Topographical Dictionary of Ireland

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

From: CoTyroneList  on behalf of 
Barbara Finizia via CoTyroneList 
Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 1:19 PM
To: CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing List 
Cc: Barbara Finizia 
Subject: Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] CoTyroneIreland.com - New Content - 
Desertcreat Parish, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland in 1837 Lewis' Topographical 
Dictionary of Ireland

Please be advised that Barbara-Ann Finizia passed away on 3/30/2020.

By her husband,
Frank Finizia

On Mon, Apr 20, 2020 at 6:04 AM Jim McKane via CoTyroneList <
cotyronelist@cotyroneireland.com> wrote:

> Desertcreat Parish, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland in 1837Lewis'
> Topographical Dictionary of Ireland
> 
>
> Thanks again to Len Swindley for another great addition to CTI!
>
> Jim McKane
> Kitchener, Ontario
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Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] CoTyroneIreland.com - New Content - Donagheady Old Burial Ground, Church Hill, Donemana, Donagheady Parish, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland - Index to Names & Townlands Recorded

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

Thank you for your work.  Is there any additional info I can get such as dates? 
I am interested in some of the Jack entries.  Thank you. 

Sent from my iPad

> On Mar 7, 2020, at 7:05 AM, Jim McKane via CoTyroneList 
>  wrote:
> 
> Donagheady Old Burial Ground, Church Hill, Donemana, Donagheady Parish, Co.
> Tyrone, Northern Ireland - Index to Names & Townlands Recorded on
> Headstones & Memorials
> 
> 
> Thanks again to Len Swindley for another MASSIVE piece of work for CTI!
> 
> 
> 
> Jim McKane
> Kitchener, Ontario
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Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] CoTyroneIreland.com - New Content - Donagheady & Dunamangh in 1837 Lewis' Topographical Dictionalry of Ireland

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

Thank you for this. many of my ancestors are from this area.


From: CoTyroneList  on behalf of Jim 
McKane via CoTyroneList 
Sent: Thursday, February 6, 2020 11:53 AM
To: CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing List 
Cc: Jim McKane 
Subject: [CoTyroneMailingList] CoTyroneIreland.com - New Content - Donagheady & 
Dunamangh in 1837 Lewis' Topographical Dictionalry of Ireland

Donagheady & Dunamangh in 1837 - Lewis' Topographical Dictionalry of Ireland


Thanks again to Len Swindley for another great addition to CTI!

Jim McKane
Kitchener, Ontario
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Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] CoTyroneIreland.com - New Content - Orange Registry [Loyal Orange Lodge], Co. Donegal, Ireland & Cos. Fermanagh, Londonderry & Tyrone, Northern Ireland, October 1835

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

I haven’t had anything either.

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 9, 2019, at 11:32 AM, Michael Richey via CoTyroneList 
mailto:cotyronelist@cotyroneireland.com>> 
wrote:

Jim:
I haven't seen an email from this group for 5 days, and  I usually receive 
something every day. Is the system up?
Thnx, Mike-

On Fri, Oct 4, 2019 at 6:18 AM Jim McKane via CoTyroneList 
mailto:cotyronelist@cotyroneireland.com>> 
wrote:
Orange Registry [Loyal Orange Lodge], Co. Donegal, Ireland & Cos. Fermanagh, 
Londonderry & Tyrone, Northern Ireland, October 
1835

Thanks again to Len Swindley for FOUR more great additions to CTI!

Jim McKane

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--
Michael Richey
12200 46th St.
Perry, KS 66073
402-430-3212
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Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Taggart/McKeever: Donagheady Parish Presbyterian Records

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

Are there any earlier records for Donemana Church anywhere?  Thank you.


From: CoTyroneList  on behalf of Len 
Swindley via CoTyroneList 
Sent: Monday, August 19, 2019 11:56 AM
To: CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing List 
Cc: Len Swindley ; c...@att.ne 
Subject: Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Taggart/McKeever: Donagheady Parish 
Presbyterian Records


Hello All,

We are enjoying Elwyn’s contributions to CTI https://www.cotyroneireland.com/ 
and heartily thank him for his time, interest and expertise in attending to 
subscribers’ queries. Many thanks Elwyn.



Re. Pat’s query concerning Presbyterian records for Donagheady Parish: there is 
a a very large collection of transcribed registers and other records covering 
the three Presbyterian congregations within the parish on this website: First 
Donagheady, Second Donagheady, Donemana and additionally Bready Reformed 
Presbyterian Church. The Presbyterian population in the parish was large where 
they held an absolute majority. Donagheady Presbyterian records available 
freely online via CTI are:



FIRST DONAGHEADY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

First Donagheady Presbyterian Marriages 1845-1928

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/marriages/1st-Donagheady-Presbyterian-Church-Marriages-1845-1928.html

First Donagheady Presbyterian Financial Statement 1857

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady1.html

Opening of New First Donagheady Presbyterian Church 1870

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady3.htm

First Donagheady Presbyterian Financial Statement 1870

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady2.html



SECOND DONAGHEADY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

Second Donagheady Presbyterian Baptisms 1838-1901

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/births/donagheady2.html

Second Donagheady Presbyterian Marriages 1838-45

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheadymar1838-45.html

Second Donagheady Presbyterian Marriages 1845-1926

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheadymar1845+.html

Second Donagheady Presbyterian Elders & Dates of Ordination 1744-1903

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady2nd.html

Second Presbyterian Church Opening of New Church 1856

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady2nd5.html

Second Donagheady Presbyterian Financial Statement 1863

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady2nd2.html

Second Donagheady Presbyterian Financial Statement 1866

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady2nd3.html

Second Donagheady Presbyterian Financial Statement 1870

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheady2nd4.html

Donagheady Presbyterian Ruling Elders and Commissioners 1620-1700

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donagheadyelders.html

Donagheady Presbyterian Churches: A Brief History and Photos

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churches/donagheadypresbyterian.html



DONEMANA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

Donemana Presbyterian Baptisms 1861-89

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donemanapresbreg.html

Donemana Presbyterian Marriages 1845-1926

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/marriages/donemana.html

Donemana Presbyterian Miscellaneous Records

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donemana.html

Donemana Presbyterian Financial Statements 1866

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donemana2.html

Donemana Financial Presbyterian Statements 1870

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/donemana2.html



BREADY REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

Bready Reformed Presbyterian Baptisms 1866-88

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/churchrecord/bready.html

Bready Reformed Presbyterian Church Marriages 1847-62

https://www.cotyroneireland.com/marriages/bready.html



It is a formidable collection contributed by numerous descendants of Donagheady 
emigrants to Canada, U.S. and Australia. I trust that there are researchers who 
have benefited from this great collection.

Regards,

Len Swindley, Melbourne, Australia









Sent from Mail for Windows 10



From: elwyn soutter via CoTyroneList
Sent: Monday, 19 August 2019 1:27 PM
Subject: Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Taggart/McKeever



Pat,

One item I forgot to add was that Francis’s daughter Sarah Taggart
(who married William McEgan or McKeegan in 1854) had at least 1 child.
I noticed the birth of a daughter Margaret McKeegan to those parents,
in Londonderry on 14.10.1867. There may well have been others between
1854 and 1863 but those years are before the start of statutory birth
registration and so won’t be in the statutory records.

Good luck with your search anyway.


Elwyn


On 19/08/2019, Pat via CoTyroneList  wrote:
> Elwyn,
> Francis and his wife Mary and daughters emigrated to US in 1880. Mary died 6
> months later and Francis died 28 September 1883. Margaret b 1854 died in NYC
> 10 November 1906. Jane died 8 October 1881 in NYC. They were both
> 

Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Observations on the Inhabitants of Clogher Parish, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland 1833-5

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

Thank you. This paints a picture for me of my ancestors. Love it.

From: CoTyroneList  on behalf of Len 
Swindley via CoTyroneList 
Sent: Friday, October 26, 2018 12:02 AM
To: CoTyroneList@cotyroneireland.com
Cc: Len Swindley
Subject: [CoTyroneMailingList] Observations on the Inhabitants of Clogher 
Parish, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland 1833-5


Hello Listers;



There has been recent interest expressed in the lives of our Tyrone forbears 
(thanks to Elwyn) and here is an extract from the Ordnance Survey Memoirs of 
the 1820s-30s that offers some observations on living conditions in Clogher 
parish. Having read through many of the memoirs covering the parishes of Co. 
Tyrone, this report could be applied similarly to all parishes.



Len Swindley, Melbourne, Australia





EXTRACTED FROM ORDNANCE MEMOIRS OF IRELAND: PARISHES OF COUNTY TYRONE VOL. 1 
(INSTITUTE OF IRISH STUDIES, QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST) (1990)

STATISTICAL MEMOIR BY LIEUTENANT R. STOTHERD

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS:

THE HABITS OF THE PEOPLE

42nd: There is very little order, cleanliness, or neatness in general to be 
found either in the houses or of the more wealthy farmers or in the cottages of 
the poor. The turf stack often approaches within a few yards of the door and 
thus intersects the view and stops the currency of the air. The yard in front 
of the house is full of the odour of the cow house and stable, for they are 
often built in the very front and sometime adjoining the dwellinghouse. The 
lanes and approaches to the house are narrow, rough and filthy in the extreme. 
Within no order is visible; you may see pigs and fowls eating in the kitchen 
and everything is dirty and confused, the furniture a few pots and noggins, a 
stool or a broken chair. The potatoes at meals are thrown out in a basket and 
so laid on the table or on a stool, and the whole family gather round, master, 
mistress, children and servants in a mass, and eat out of the basket without 
knife, fork or any appendage at meals. A man who can give his daughter in 
marriage 50 or 100 pounds will live in this manner. But this is not universally 
the case: sometimes everything is seen comfortable, neat and clean, both within 
and without the farmhouse, the furniture good and decent, the kitchen neatly 
tiled, the outside of the house well whitewashed and thatched, the yard and 
lanes about the house in good repair and clean. It is, however, to be regretted 
that very few instances occur where this order and decency is observed.



FOOD

44th: Potatoes and milk is the general food of the farmers of this barony, for 
breakfast, dinner and supper during 9 months of the year. This is sometimes 
varied by a bit of bacon for dinner, sometimes butter and oaten bread or eggs 
are added to the potatoes for dinner. In 3 of the summer months when potatoes 
begin to fail, stirabout or flummery is substituted for potatoes, for breakfast 
or supper.

45th: The same report will serve for the manufacturing class and tradespeople.

46th: Potatoes and milk, or when milk grows scarce potatoes or herrings, or 
potatoes and salt is almost the only food of the poor inhabitants during the 
entire year. Occasionally a little stirabout is added for supper or breakfast 
in the summer months.



EDUCATION

47th: There is certainly a general desire of instruction in all classes of the 
people, both Protestants and Roman Catholics. The poor are anxious to teach 
their children reading, writing and arithmetic, and although the facilities for 
the education of the Roman Catholics is not so great as for the Protestants, 
being hindered by their priests from attending Sunday and other schools, yet 
there is certainly a desire in the minds even of the Roman Catholics for the 
education of their children.

48th: The children of the poor pay for their education according to the 
following rates: for spelling and reading, for writing for arithmetic, for 
book-keeping [blank]

49th: It is believed that there is at least an improvement in the morals and 
cleanliness of children attending Sunday Schools. They are not permitted to 
attend unless they are clean and they are expelled if any gross immorality be 
committed. It is also hoped that there is in the inhabitants in general, a 
greater respect for the laws, fewer quarrels and less fighting than formerly





Sent from Mail for Windows 10


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Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Life in Tyrone in the 19th century

[Liz Fitzgerald via CoTyroneList]

This was wonderful to read. Thank you. So enjoyable.

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 19, 2018, at 11:13 AM, Gail Mooney via CoTyroneList 
mailto:cotyronelist@cotyroneireland.com>> 
wrote:

Awesome, thank you so much Elwyn.  For those of us in other parts of the world 
who are challenged in our quests for information about our family members in 
Ireland, you provide a window into their times.  More,please!
Gail IRWIN Mooney / xo


From: "elwyn soutter via CoTyroneList" 
mailto:cotyronelist@cotyroneireland.com>>
To: "CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing List" 
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Cc: "elwyn soutter" 
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Sent: Friday, October 19, 2018 10:29:46 AM
Subject: [CoTyroneMailingList] Life in Tyrone in the 19th century

From a recent post about farming in Tyrone, I sense there is an interest in day 
to day life in Tyrone in the 1800s. The following document might therefore 
interest members of this forum. I found it in PRONI and thought it gave a good 
description of life then.

PRONI Reference :

T2279/2


MEMORIES OF DUNGANNON, FLAX, THE BIG WIND, TRAVEL, EMIGRATION, POTATO BLIGHT, 
FAMINE


Notes and reminiscences dictated to me during the winter of 1904-5 by my father 
James Brown Donaghmore, [Co. Tyrone] [signed] Nora Brown.

'I was born on 25 July 1823 in the old house in Donaghmore, now a part of the 
soap works. My father was David Brown, son of John Brown who married Miss 
McClelland and lived in Mullaghmore. Miss McClelland's brother married my 
grandfather's sister and also lived in Mullaghmore. My father had one brother 
John who lived in Irish Street and carried on a bakery. He married Miss Jane 
McDowell. My mother was Betty, daughter of Henry King of Middletown Co 
Monaghan.'

'When first married, my parents lived in a small house in Mullaghmore, since 
pulled down, and afterwards in a house in Donaghmore opposite the chapel. Then 
they moved to the house where I was born. They had ten children. Mary married 
Richard Tener; Henry married Jane Carr; Ann and Thomas who died in childhood. 
Margaret married Henry Oliver; Eliza married Robert Smith; Jane married Thomas 
Lilburn; Amelia married Joseph Acheson; Isabella married John Beatty and myself 
who married Jane Ellen Nicholson.'

'The first thing I can remember is a servant of ours Mary Mullen going to 
America on St. Patrick's Day 1828. She and the rest of her party drove to 
Belfast in a cart to sail thence to America. They took with them provisions for 
the journey, chiefly oat cakes, as then was the custom. The outward voyage 
averaged 30 days, but occasionally was 6 or 7 weeks and on these occasions 
provisions ran short and the poor people were in danger of starvation.'

'Another early recollection is being taken into a darkened bedroom to see a 
little play fellow, who was ill of smallpox, there being little knowledge of 
the risk of infection then.'

'My first teacher was Mr Richard Robinson whose school was in the space now 
planted with trees behind the cross. It was then the only school in the 
village. Later I had lessons at home from Mr Stuart who taught the R[oman] 
C[atholic] school in Dungannon.'

'After leaving the village school I was sent to my sister Mary Tener in Perry 
Street where her husband had a grocer's shop and I attended a school kept by 
two teachers from the South of Ireland, Messrs Murphy and Riordan. Afterwards I 
lived with my sister Margaret in Church Street where her husband carried on a 
saddlery trade and I went to Mr Burch's school on the Castle Hill. I remained 
here until I was nearly 13 when in the summer of 1836 I went to the Rev. John 
Bleckley's school in Monaghan. Here I stayed until I was sent for to come to 
the death bed of my father on 17 November 1837. He died on 22 November and I 
did not return to school, but went to business with my brother in Donaghmore.'

'Previous to the year 1816 my father was engaged in the linen trade giving out 
home spun yarn and getting it woven in hand looms in the cottages. At that time 
a good deal of the linen trade was transacted in Dublin, not Belfast, probably 
in consequence of better banking facilities. My father used to go to Dublin to 
sell his linen, in company of other merchants. They rode on horse back, in 
parties, for protection from highwaymen, the journey to Dublin occupying three 
days. In later years when the linen trade in Belfast had increased, buyers for 
the bleachers came to Dungannon every Thursday and took their places on the 
"standings" on the east side of the square where the farmers brought the webs, 
woven by their families and servants. The "standings" were benches with boards 
in front of them, on which the webs were thrown for examination. When the price 
was arranged the buyer put his mark on it and the seller took it to Mr Robert 
Tener in Perry Street who measured it. He got a few pence for each web 
measured, in consideration for