Issue 606 adjust scope notes of P7 & P161 Reference space A place is always defined in a reference space, that is, at a position relative to a physical thing (E18). So P89(y,z) implies that there exist a u, E18(u), and P157(y,u) and P157(z,u). We propose to add this to the definition of P157. The sub/superproperty error: E7 is a subclass of E92, so E7(x) ⇒ E92(x). There may exist spacetime volumes that are not a period, that is, x such that P92(x) and not E4(x). P161 has a larger domain than P7 and cannot be a subproperty of P7. The other way round:
(1) In a given reference space (position relative to some physical thing
like a ship, airplane, the earth) the spatial projection is the unique maximal
place of a Spacetime Volume at any time of its evolution, i.e., where it had
ever been present. Translated into more non-physical terms: Given a reference
space, there is a unique St. Paul's Cathedral minimal place where the event
took place. According to our model, we don’t say that the Great fire of London
in 1666 took place at St Paul’s cathedral even though the church was destroyed
during the fire. The spatial projection of the fire (as a STV) is some larger
place, which we usually do not try to determine exactly. Instead we state (as a
fact in our information system) that the Great Fire (P7) took place at a place
approximating (and including) the spatial projection. Therefore, in general, a
fact P7(x,y) does not imply P161(x,y).
P7(x,y) and P161(x,y)
The above also tells us that if we state a fact P7(x,y) for some event (i.e.
period) x and a place y, then we also state that y contains or is equal to the
spatial projection z of x, that is, P161(x,z) in the same reference system. In
general, for every place v “in between”, i.e., contained in y and containing
the projection z, the event x also took place at v, P7(x,v). A formulation of
this is somewhat complex. We have included the FOL in the new definition of P7,
but not the textual description since there is another issue about how to
formulate FOLs as text. The FOL expression is
(∃y,z,v,u) [E4(x) ˄ E18(u) ˄ E53(y) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ E53(z) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ E53(v) ˄
P157(v,u) ˄
P7(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,v) ˄
P89(v,y) ] ⇒ P7(x,v)
Minimality and uniqueness of the spatial projection(s)
From the above (1) follows: If a period x took place at some place y, there
exists a place z within the same reference system, which is the spatial
projection of the period x and falls within the place y or is identical to it.
P7(x,y) ⇒ (∃z,u) [E53(z) ˄ E18(u) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄
P89(z,y) ]
Removing the formulation that a period talk place on all larger places
In the original scope note:
(2) “Something happening at a given place can also be considered to happen
at a larger place containing the first. For example, the assault on the
Bastille July 14th 1789 took place in the area covered by Paris in 1789 but
also in the area covered by France in 1789.” Or in FOL P7(x,y) ˄ P89(y,z) ⇒
P7(x,z)
The idea was to enable queries like “All assaults on medieval castles taking
place in France in 1789” which should at least return the Bastille and the
papal castle in Avignon. It is not necessary to fill up an information system
with an infinite amount of deduced P7-statements to enable this. The query can
be rephrased as “All assaults on medieval castles taking place in some part of
France in 1789”. This query can be executed by traverse the P89-tree of places
with the area of France in 1789 as root and search for events taking place at
each node (place) in the tree. Therefore we suggest to remove (2) from the
scopenote.
As a consequence P7 is not a shortcut of the path P161 and P89, i.e. always
implied by such a full path. We suggest to delete the following from the scope
note of P161:
(3) This property is part of the fully developed path from E4 Period through
P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53
Place, which in turn is shortcut by P7 took place at (witnessed)
The scopenote of P7 has to be slightly rephrased (note that the implication is
now in the opposite direction of a shortcut):
Therefore, this property implies is a shortcut of the more fully developed path
from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within
to E53 Place, where both places are defined in the same geometric reference
system.
New definition of P7 took place at (witnessed)
P7 took place at (witnessed)
Domain:
E4<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc7351>
Period
Range:
E53<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8104>
Place
Quantification:
many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)
Scope note:
This property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period.
The related instance of E53 Place should be seen as a wider approximation of
the geometric area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in
question occurred, see below. P7 took place at (witnessed) does not convey any
meaning other than spatial positioning (frequently on the surface of the
earth). For example, the period “Révolution française” can be said to have
taken place in “France in 1789”; the “Victorian” period may be said to have
taken place in “Britain from 1837-1901” and its colonies, as well as other
parts of Europe and North America. An instance of E4 Period can take place at
multiple non-contiguous, non-overlapping locations.
Any place where something happened includes the spatial projection of the
happening given in the same geometric reference system. For instance, HMS
Victory, as place of Lord Nelson's dying, includes the location of his body
relative to the hull of HMS Victory at his time of death as the most precise
location of his death. By the definition of P161 has spatial projection, an
instance of E4 Period takes place on all its spatial projections to respective
reference systems, that is, instances of E53 Place. Therefore, this property
implies the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial
projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within to E53 Place, where both places are
defined in the same geometric reference system. The relation between an
instance of E53 Place and its reference system can conveniently be documented
via the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for).
Something that has happened at a given place can also be considered to have
happened at a smaller place within it: for example, it is reasonable to say
Ceasar's murder took place in Rome, but also on the Forum Romanum, and more
precisely in the Curia. It is characteristic for different historical sources
to use varying precision in such statements, without being in contradiction
with each other. This may be due to lack of knowledge or to the relevance of
the precision for the purpose of the statement. In information integration, the
more precise statement improves the overall knowledge.
Examples:
* The period “Révolution française” (E4) took place at the area covered by
France in 1789 (E53). (Bertaud, 2004)
In First Order Logic:
P7(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)
P7(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
P7(x,y) ⇒ (∃z,u) [E53(z) ˄ E18(u) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄
P89(z,y) ]
(∃y,z,v,u) [E4(x) ˄ E18(u) ˄ E53(y) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ E53(z) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ E53(v) ˄
P157(v,u) ˄
P7(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,v) ˄
P89(v,y) ] ⇒ P7(x,v)
New definition of P161 has spatial projection (is spatial projection of)
P161 has spatial projection (is spatial projection of)
Domain:
E92<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8670>
Spacetime Volume
Range:
E53<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8104>
Place
Quantification:
one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:0,n)
Scope note:
This property associates an instance of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume
with an instance of E53 Place that is the result of the spatial projection of
the instance of the E92 Spacetime Volume on a reference space.
In general, there can be more than one useful reference space (for reference
space see P156 occupies and P157 is at rest relative to) to describe the
spatial projection of a spacetime volume, for example, in describing a sea
battle, the difference between the battle ship and the seafloor as reference
spaces. Thus, it can be seen that the projection is not unique.
The spatial projection is the actual spatial coverage of a spacetime volume,
which normally has fuzzy boundaries except for instances of E92 Spacetime
Volumes which are geometrically defined in the same reference system as the
range of this property are an exception to this and do not have fuzzy
boundaries. Modelling explicitly fuzzy spatial projections serves therefore as
a common topological reference of different spatial approximations rather than
absolute geometric determination, for instance for relating outer or inner
spatial boundaries for the respective spacetime volumes.
The spatial projection is unique with respect to the reference system. For
instance, there is exactly one spatial projection of Lord Nelson's dying
relative to the ship HMS Victory, i.e., the location of his body relative to
the ship HMS Victory at time of his death.
In case the domain of an instance of P161 has spatial projection is an instance
of E4 Period, the spatial projection describes all areas that period was ever
present at, for instance, the Roman Empire.
This property is part of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing
through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53
Place, which in turn is implied by P156 occupies (is occupied by).
Example:
* The Roman Empire (E4) has spatial projection all areas ever claimed by
Rome (E53). (Clare & Edwards, 1992)
In First Order Logic:
P161(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)
P161(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
(∃y,z,u) [E92(x) ˄ E53(y) ˄ E53(z) ˄ E18(u) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,y)
˄ P161(x,z) ]
⇒ (x = y)
P161(x,y) ˄ E4(x) ⇒ P7(x,y)
Old scopenotes of P7 and P161
P7 took place at (witnessed)
Domain:
E4<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc7351>
Period
Range:
E53<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8104>
Place
Superproperty of:
E92<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8670>
Spacetime Volume.
P161<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc11306>
has spatial projection (is spatial projection of):
E53<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8104>
Place
Quantification:
many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)
Scope note:
This property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period.
The related instance of E53 Place should be seen as a wider approximation of
the geometric area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in
question occurred, see below. P7 took place at (witnessed) does not convey any
meaning other than spatial positioning (frequently on the surface of the
earth). For example, the period “Révolution française” can be said to have
taken place in “France in 1789”; the “Victorian” period may be said to have
taken place in “Britain from 1837-1901” and its colonies, as well as other
parts of Europe and North America. An instance of E4 Period can take place at
multiple non-contiguous, non-overlapping locations.
This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period
through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within to E53 Place.
E4 Period is a subclass of E92 Spacetime Volume. By the definition of P161 has
spatial projection an instance of E4 Period takes place on all its spatial
projections, that is, instances of E53 Place. Something happening at a given
place can also be considered to happen at a larger place containing the first.
For example, the assault on the Bastille July 14th 1789 took place in the area
covered by Paris in 1789 but also in the area covered by France in 1789.
Examples:
* The period “Révolution française” (E4) took place at the area covered by
France in 1789 (E53). (Bertaud, 2004)
In First Order Logic:
P7(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)
P7(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
P161 has spatial projection (is spatial projection of)
Domain:
E92<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8670>
Spacetime Volume
Range:
E53<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8104>
Place
Subproperty of:
E4<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc7250>
Period.
P7<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8870>
took place at (witnessed):
E53<file://kant/hf-edd-u1/emil/pc/Downloads/Issue%20606%20P7%20and%20P161_MD%20(1).docx#_toc8104>
Place
Quantification:
one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:0,n)
Scope note:
This property associates an instance of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume
with an instance of E53 Place that is the result of the spatial projection of
the instance of the E92 Spacetime Volume on a reference space.
In general, there can be more than one useful reference space (for reference
space see P156 occupies and P157 is at rest relative to) to describe the
spatial projection of a spacetime volume, for example, in describing a sea
battle, the difference between the battle ship and the seafloor as reference
spaces. Thus, it can be seen that the projection is not unique.
The spatial projection is the actual spatial coverage of a spacetime volume,
which normally has fuzzy boundaries except for instances of E92 Spacetime
Volumes which are geometrically defined in the same reference system as the
range of this property are an exception to this and do not have fuzzy
boundaries. Modelling explicitly fuzzy spatial projections serves therefore as
a common topological reference of different spatial approximations rather than
absolute geometric determination, for instance for relating outer or inner
spatial boundaries for the respective spacetime volumes.
In case the domain of an instance of P161 has spatial projection is an instance
of E4 Period, the spatial projection describes all areas that period was ever
present at, for instance, the Roman Empire.
This property is part of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing
through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53
Place, which in turn is implied by P156 occupies (is occupied by).
This property is part of the fully developed path from E4 Period through P161
has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place,
which in turn is shortcut by P7 took place at (witnessed).
Example:
* The Roman Empire (E4) has spatial projection all areas ever claimed by
Rome (E53). (Clare & Edwards, 1992)
In First Order Logic:
P161(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)
P161(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
Issue 606 P7 and P161.docx
Description: Issue 606 P7 and P161.docx
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