http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2004-11-22-hitech-passport_x.htm
USA Today
Microchip passport critics say ID theft possible
The Associated Press
The United States hasn't issued any microchip-equipped passports yet, but
as the Department of State tests different prototypes, the international
standards for the passports are under fire from privacy advocates who worry
the technology won't protect travelers from identity thieves.
The American Civil Liberties union has raised alarms and even an executive
at one of the companies developing a prototype for the State Department
calls the international standards woefully inadequate.
The international standards for electronic passports were set by the
U.N.-affiliated International Civil Aviation Organization, which has worked
on standards for machine-readable passports since 1968.
On the latest passports, the agency has taken a 'keep it simple'
approach, which, unfortunately, really disregards a basic privacy approach
and leaves out the basic security methods we would have expected to have
been incorporated for the security of the documents, said Neville
Pattinson, an executive at Axalto North America, which is working on a
prototype U.S. electronic passport.
As part of heightened security post-Sept. 11, all new U.S. passports
issued by the end of 2005 are expected to have a chip containing the
holders' name, birth date and issuing office, as well as a biometric
identifier - a photo of the holders' face. The photo is the international
standard for biometrics, but countries are free to add other biometrics,
such as fingerprints, for greater accuracy.
Privacy advocates have complained about the security standards for the
passports, but Pattinson is the most prominent person involved in their
creation to express concern that they could become prey for identity
thieves if safeguards aren't standardized.
A slide in a presentation he gives says, Don't lose the public's
confidence at the get go. Another asks, Who is up for a black eye?
The international passport standards call for a very sophisticated smart
card device, that uses a chip and an antenna embedded in the passports'
covers, Pattinson said.
Unlike cheaper and dumber RFID tags, the passport chips would be
microprocessors that could send one piece of information at a time in
answer to queries from a machine reader. They could also be equipped with
multiple layers of encryption for security.
The international standards spell out ways the passports could incorporate
more protection from identity thieves, but they make those methods optional.
Under the standards, information on the chip could be picked up by someone
who wires a briefcase with a reader, then swings it within inches of a
passports, Pattinson said. Over a greater distance, an interloper could
eavesdrop on border control devices reading the passports, he said.
There's no security built into it, said Barry Steinhardt, director of
the technology and liberty program, at the American Civil Liberties Union.
This will enable identity theft and put Americans at some risk when they
travel internationally.
One rudimentary way to protect electronic passports from identity thieves
is to wrap them in tinfoil, which blocks radio waves. A single size Doritos
bag would do the trick. Protecting border control agents' readers with a
metal shield would protect against eavesdropping.
The International Civil Aviation Organization and State Department say
they're looking at more organized methods.
The privacy issues have come up and they are being looked at, said Denis
Schagnon, a spokesman for ICAO. This is a process that is being
implemented over the next few years, it is not something that happens
overnight. One way to fight identity theft is already in the standards, he
said: The passports will have built-in encrypted authentication to let
electronic readers know they are original documents, not forgeries.
The international standard is obviously a baseline, said Angela Aggeler,
spokesperson for the bureau of consular affairs at the State Department.
This is something we continue to develop and work on. (Privacy) is the
thing that is driving a lot of our considerations. Personal privacy issues
are of paramount consideration.
Other countries are also making the switch to microchipped, biometric
passports, at U.S. request. Under the Patriot Act, visitors from 27
countries whose citizens don't need visas to visit the United States will
need electronic passports, too.
The United States originally asked that visitors from those countries have
the electronic passports by this October. President Bush in August gave the
countries an extra year to issue them; they will be required by next
October.
In testimony before a House committee, Secretary of State Colin Powell
said that other countries were finding the switch daunting, as was the
United States.
The Government Printing Office is manufacturing test passports using chip
packages
