-Caveat Lector-

How the Serbs
outfoxed NATO

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NATO claims its aircraft destroyed 120 Serb armored vehicles and tons of
other military hardware during its recent Balkans bashing. But as reported
in this space last week, down in the Kosovo mud our grunts say, "It ain't
so."
Our warriors say it sure looks like NATO, after blowing a cool $4 billion on
bombs and missiles, didn't do the demo job as hyped. Pound for pound of
enemy gear destroyed, this is America's costliest war.

So how did the Serbs pull the wool over NATO's electronic eyes and foil the
most high-tech military force in history?

Simple. They used their imaginations and adapted tricks and deceptions
that've been around since long before the Trojan Horse rolled into Troy. And
our electronic spies in the sky and other high-tech gadgets, gadgeteers and
generals fell for it.

During the conflict, smart bombs and missiles costing from 50 grand to 2
million bucks repeatedly blew up decoy "tanks," "artillery pieces" and other
"targets" made of sticks and plastic, some of which included primitive heat
sources for faking out gold-plated thermal-image systems in NATO aircraft.

Our guys in Kosovo have found hundreds of imitation tanks, trucks, artillery
pieces, missiles and missile launchers, roads and even bridges, which NATO
aircraft and cruise missiles had "destroyed." "From up close they look like
junk, but from three miles up, they'd look like the real thing," says an
Army sergeant.

Real roads and bridges were painted to show "battle damage" to con NATO
satellites and reconnaissance aircraft into thinking they'd already been
knocked out.

Another trick used by the Yugoslav army was to set up dummy
mobile-air-defense missile units. Many of these were placed next to fake
bridges (made out of logs) and mock roads -- strips of black plastic
sheeting laid across open fields with "tanks" and other "military vehicles"
painted on them.

U.S. aircraft flying at 15,000 feet had a field day blowing up these "Serb
air defense units" and other dummy targets, while their spinners back at
NATO headquarters daily chanted to the world, "We are significantly
degrading their air defense and combat ability."

Serb commanders worked out that NATO did most of their reconnaissance during
the daytime, after which targets were laboriously picked by generals,
diplomats and horse-holders for presidents and prime ministers to approve,
then assigned to pilots who'd be tasked to zap them. So as soon as darkness
fell, Serb units scooted to new positions and began the mock-up game. One
Serb commanding officer said, "From the 300 projectiles which NATO has
fired, only four have hit something of substance."

Another Serb CO said his unit would fire at attacking NATO aircraft and then
quickly move his firing batteries, replacing them with dummies. "The time it
took NATO's photo-reconnaissance people to identify the point of fire ...
and return to bomb the mock-up was a minimum of 12 hours. So we knew when we
had to move our equipment -- every 12 hours," he said.

The same officer said that Serb army technicians had taken apart an
unexploded $1 million U.S. Tomahawk missile and figured out that its
targeting largely depended on a chip that guided the rocket by heat sources.
As a result, soldiers burned tires parallel to major roads and bridges. The
burning tires emitted more heat than the surface of the bridges themselves
and attracted the missiles away from the vital bridges.

Saddam Hussein used similar tricks during Desert Storm. His heat source was
a can with burning oil, set next to a plywood or rubber tank. An Iraqi
prisoner of war said he knew of one such "tank" that was "knocked out 10
times" by U.S. aircraft.

In February 1991, the Air Force reported they'd destroyed half of Iraq's
tanks. This news triggered Stormin' Norman's ground attack. U.S. units on
the ground later discovered that only 13 percent of the enemy tanks were
knocked out. Luckily, the Iraqis didn't have the stomach for a fight, or we
would've paid for this bad call in American blood

Fortunately, Milosevic's army bugged out before our ground force hit the
deck, or our generals would be relearning the hard way that an opposing army
cannot be defanged at 15,000 feet regardless of how smart the weapons and
how all-seeing the eyes in the sky.



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Col. David Hackworth is co-author of the 1989 international best seller,
"About Face" and the subsequent "Brave Men." His latest book is "Hazardous
Duty."

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