-Caveat Lector-

>From NewStatesman (UK)

Where are my Muslim brethren?

Ziauddin Sardar fears another holocaust in Europe, but the Islamic states
couldn't care less

Once again, we Muslims find ourselves between the Devil and the deep blue
sea. We are glad that something is being done about Milosevic and his evil
plan to cleanse Kosovo of all Muslims. But we are not sure about the new
role of Nato. A host of images, from the crusades to the Gulf war, the
Holocaust and the carpet-bombing of Baghdad, hurling towards us at great
speed, have numbed our senses. If our endorsement of Nato action has been
muted, we have hardly been vocal in speaking out on behalf of our brothers
and sisters in Kosovo.

There is absolutely no doubt in the mind of any Muslim that what is
happening in Kosovo is an intended pogrom, an incipient holocaust. Europe
has a long history of turning against Muslims and this history has been
repeating itself in cycles since the crusades. The purpose of crusading was
to cleanse the earth and purify the blood of the nation. It was St Bernard
who first saw Christ glorified in the death of a Muslim. Slobodan Milosevic
quite evidently is made in the St Bernard mould, a modern-day crusader. But
what is different this time is that Muslims are not the outsiders, the
barbarians at the gates of Vienna. They have now replaced the Jews as the
feared and hated internal Others.

Muslims are dreaded and loathed not just in Serbia, but throughout Europe.
In France, they have been dubbed "blood-thirsty savages" (by Brigitte
Bardot, no less) and an aromatic affront to civilisation (by Jacques
Chirac). Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front has fought two elections on a
singularly anti-Muslim ticket. The designer fascism of the Deutsche
Alternative party in Germany is fuelled by anti-Muslim sentiments. The
Progressive Party of Denmark openly campaigns on a "Denmark with no
Musselmen" ticket, as does the Swedish New Democratic Party.

If Milosevic emerged as a victor, for whatever reason, the consequences for
Muslims throughout Europe could be devastating.

Muslims do not see just one man as the enemy of peace in the Balkans, the
sole perpetuator of ethnic cleansing. It is the entire system he presides
over and all those who participate in its operation. Fascism may be an
inflated term but the Republic of Serbia has all the characteristics of the
real thing - death squads, concentration camps, extensive paramilitary and
police forces and an extreme clerical-nationalist ideology. It is this
system we fear; and it is this system that we want to see rooted out.

But the new role of Nato also sends shivers down Muslim spines. The next
time the bombs drop it could easily be on a Muslim people. Many Muslim
countries are actively suppressing their minorities. Think of what Turkey,
Iraq and Iran are doing to the Kurds or of the brutal suppression of East
Timor by Indonesia. Secessionists are everywhere in the Muslim world; and
everywhere they are being ruthlessly suppressed. If Nato succeeded in
protecting a minority in Serbia, would it not be motivated to extend its
tentacles to other parts of the world?

This was the question uppermost on the minds of its members when the contact
group on Bosnia-Herzegovina of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC),
the Muslim UN, met last week in Geneva. The meeting was grudgingly organised
by the current OIC chairman, President Khatami of Iran, after he was
pressured by Pakistan's prime minister, Nawaz Sharif, to consider all
aspects of the Kosovo situation. With the sole exception of the Pakistanis,
who described the Nato action as "sincere in purpose", the OIC contact group
refused to back the bombing. Indeed, the OIC seems to abdicate its Islamic
responsibility to rally to the support of their "Muslim brethren" in Kosovo.

This would not come as too much of a surprise to ordinary Muslims in Europe.
They know better than to look to the political leadership of Muslim nations
for support. Muslim regimes have been specialising in moral bankruptcy for
generations. And if they know anything at all of the politics of public
opinion in the west, they know better than to raise their voices on any
issue. Such people are not only ineffectual to their friends but are more
likely to aid their enemies.

Muslims in Britain and elsewhere in Europe have therefore been deliberately
following a quiet, two-pronged strategy. First, the community has mobilised
an enormous relief effort, through such organisations as Muslim Aid and
Islamic Relief, and is silently lobbying for Nato to send ground troops to
Kosovo. Second, they have been presenting Kosovo not as a Muslim issue but
an intrinsic European problem. Europe, they have argued, bears a heavy
burden of responsibility for the dynamics that brought Milosevic to the
fore. When Helmut Kohl persuaded a reluctant European Union to recognise the
independence of Croatia, the Milosevic effect was set in train. The European
Union has the duty to end the barbarism it helped to unleash before it
catches fire in the ghettos of mainland Europe.


>From http://www.zivildienst.at/deescalating_media.htm

Tell the complete story

The suggestions are based on the principal that media can have a positive
impact on conflict and should be encouraged to do so. It also responds to
the need to counteract the increasingly destructive role of media in most
war zones. The goal of deescalating reporting is to provide readers of media
with the complete story, with new perspectives on conflicts in a manner
which promotes humanitarian values and supports peace-building.
The ZiviWEB

The seven suggestions for deescalating journalism are

 1.None of the parties has absolute standards of truth.

 2. Conflicts are always open to be conceptualised either as a competitive
(win-lose) or as a cooperative (win-win) process.

 3. Conflicts can take a constructive course only, it they are
conceptualised in the framework of a win-win model.

 4. War culture is biased towards win-lose interpretation.

 5. Peace processes must be based on creativity: Give voice to the
voiceless.

 6. Deescalating journalism must provide an alternative motivation logic and
redirect the indignation with the enemy against the war itself.

 7. Deescalating journalism must obey to an unconditional obligation to
all-sided truth.

Source: Univ. Prof.  Dr. Wilhelm KEMPF, University of Konstanz, PO Box 5560,
D-78457 Konstanz, Germany:
Media coverage of third party peace initiatives
Projektgruppe Friedensforschung Konstanz


>From http://www.zmag.org/Instructionals/ForeignPolicy/id1.htm

Foreign Policy Instructional
Understanding U.S Foreign Policy

based on ZMI Lectures
by Stephen Shalom

This is a rough transcript of a course given at ZMI in June 1998.

Material in quotation marks are exact quotes (not from Shalom, but from the
indicated sources), while material without quotation marks are loose --
sometimes very loose -- paraphrases.

Regretably, the extensive discussions accompanying this material in class
were not transcribed and therefore do not appear in this instructional.

The Course was given in two parts and the Instructional is divided
similarly, with subdivisions in each.

You can use the buttons below this area or the map above to navigate into
the tutorial. In the Map, the two main parts of the course are the top and
bottom sequences of boxes, each box representing a brief section of the
presentation. The parts can be done separately or even in reverse order
(bottom first) but the preferred approach is top from end to end, then
bottom from end to end. Enjoy yourself, and let us know if this approach to
online education seems effective and useful.


Thank You

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