-Caveat Lector- RadTimes # 88 October, 2000 An informally produced compendium of vital irregularities. "We're living in rad times!" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents: --------------- --From Seattle to Seoul --A worldwide web of discontent --Living Justice Non-Violence Forum --Munitions used against us on October 22 --Interpol targets cybercrime at world conference --Uganda Ebola Death Toll Rises To 73 --Spy Base named in Euro probe --Packaging Sales Surpass Album Sales, Sony Reports [humor?] Linked stories: *The war against marijuana intensifies *Internet devices coming that reveal your location *Vote Trade: The Democratic Way? *Human Rights 2.0 *Bill Joy Hopes Reason Prevails *Usenet Sale: Sounds to Silence? *The Military Industry's 'Leveraged Buyout' of Gore and Bush *A Tale of Three Arms Trades *Outcomes of Cardiac Arrest in Casinos *50 Years Of Political Ads *The New Global Oppression *How That Deleted Email Can Come Back To Haunt You ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Begin stories: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From Seattle to Seoul <http://www.ahram.org.eg/weekly/2000/505/in2.htm> By Faiza Rady Al-Ahram Weekly (Cairo) 26 Oct. - 1 Nov. 2000 Play it again, Sam? Trailing Seattle, Davos, Washington DC, Melbourne and Prague, the stage was set last Friday in Seoul for yet another round of confrontation between a high-powered international trade organisation meeting and the anti-globalisation movement. Since last December's successful disruption of the Seattle World Trade Organisation (WTO) meeting, the scene has by now acquired an aura of deja-vu. All major international trade summits are met with protests. On 20 October, selected areas of the South Korean capital resembled a battle front in the making. A 30,000-man-strong police contingent equipped with water cannons was mobilised to use force against "trouble makers" among the 20,000 protesters and secure a demonstration-free zone to the Asia-Europe (ASEM) heads of state attending the summit. Established in 1994 to counter growing US market hegemony in both Asia and Europe, ASEM has been criticised for being nothing more than a prestigious "talking shop" in an already overly congested summit circuit. But the Seoul summit had real ambitions. The idea was to create a potent Euro-Asian free market bloc, geared to effectively compete with the North American giant. "The destiny of the world is largely controlled by the Asia-Europe-United States triangle," explained French President Jacques Chirac. "The weak link was Europe-Asia, and that's exactly what we want to strengthen." Accounting for half of the world's production, ASEM has indeed the potential to join the major league. Hence the Europeans' emphasis on the need to restructure the Asian economies. Given the high stakes, it was crucial that South Korean President Kim Dae -jung use an iron fist to secure the summit's success from interference by vociferous labour unions and the Seattle-style anti-globalisation movement. Nevertheless, the movement would not be quelled -- despite the state of siege. An estimated 4,000 members of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (KCTU), supported by student activists, scuffled with 3,000 baton-wielding policemen as they tried to break the security barriers protecting the summit's no-man's land. "ASEM, which was established to overcome American supremacy, has been following in US footsteps only for the sake of capitalist gains, and has destroyed the lives of labourers and people in Third World countries," said the protesters in a statement. At another site, 20 prominent labour leaders, including Dan Byung-ho, president of the Korea Metal Workers Federation (KMWF), also clashed with the police when they tried to deliver a letter to the foreign leaders. But to no avail. Tucked away behind their cordoned safe haven at the summit venue, the leaders of 25 Asian and European nations could conveniently ignore the activists' message . Meanwhile the conference hall was reverberating with rhetoric about human rights and democracy, as foreign heads of state hailed President Kim Dae-jung for his distinguished record on these issues. However, over and beyond the talk about democracy lurks another reality. The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions' annual report denounces Kim Dae-jung's administration for its violation of the Korean workers' right to organise, and the consistent arrest of trade unionists. After the gregarious back-slapping subsided, ASEM participants turned to serious business. ASEM lauded South Korea for having achieved a brilliant economic recovery after the 1997 stock market crash, which left regional economies in shambles. Europeans, in particular, stressed that the country's success story was contingent on Kim Dae-jung's neo-liberal course, in line with the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) standard prescriptions. Enforcing tight fiscal and monetary policies and increased liberalisation were the order of the day. Things looked different on this side of the police barricades. KMWF's Dan Byung-ho, who was incidentally sentenced to two years in prison for "inciting strike action" and "conspiring to obstruct business", dismissed Korea's success story as a standard neo-liberal whitewash. While proponents of neo-liberalism rate macro economic indicators like increased growth rates and balanced budgets as models of successful economic development, such indicators detract from the real issues affecting ordinary people's lives. IMF-imposed austerity measures and privatisation included corporate restructuring through massive lay-offs. Labour "flexibility" legislation has created sweeping joblessness in a country that has long prided itself on its low unemployment level and on providing job security to its work force. Since the Kim Dae-jung administration's deregulation of foreign investment, transnational capital has acquired 30 per cent of domestic stocks, transnationals move the economy at will, and market volatility is rampant. As a result, the disparity between rich and poor has reached its highest point in history. Addressing a cheering audience, Dan told the crowd: "The fight against neo-liberal globalisation will continue." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A worldwide web of discontent Financial Times (London) October 30, 2000 By JOHN GRAY Globalisation is not having the effects that many people had hoped for - and that many had feared. Its critics and supporters once saw it as leading to a world of diminished national governments and enhanced corporate power. The reality is quite different. Power is flowing away from transnational institutions, corporations and governments, and to an inchoate but increasingly vigorous global civil society. As businesses and governments are beginning to learn, globalisation and stability do not go together. Transnational companies have become increasingly subject to the power of globally networked pressure groups. The World Trade Organisation and similar bodies face continuing disruption from anti-capitalist protesters. More significantly, a popular backlash is gathering force. The result of the Danish referendum on the euro was not only a judgment on the merits of the single currency. It was an early warning that the limits of democratic consent to globalisation are being breached. In a broad historical perspective these developments are not surprising. It is a mistake to identify globalisation with the freeing of markets that has taken place over the past decade. Properly understood, it is only another phase in a technological revolution that has been gathering speed ever since Europe and the US were linked by submarine telegraph cables in the 1870s. Its momentum comes from new, distance-abolishing technologies, which make information available at low cost worldwide. There was never any reason to think that globalisation would be a smooth, orderly affair. On the contrary, just as earlier phases of industrialisation produced a powerful backlash of radical movements, so today new technologies are being used to challenge the current framework of global markets. The events that took place in Seattle and Prague are signs of a disquiet regarding the current global framework that extends well beyond the activists who assembled there. The rise of far-right, anti-immigrant parties and the fuel protests of a few weeks ago are equally symptomatic. Globalisation is not compelling a convergence on the political centre ground. In some countries it is producing new, sometimes dangerous varieties of radicalism. It is also bringing about a new vulnerability in transnational companies. Consumer power and shareholder activism are no longer purely national in scope. With ever wider access to the internet they are increasingly borderless. The activities of global businesses are monitored continuously by pressure groups. If they fall short of widely accepted ethical standards retribution follows swiftly. Almost overnight, companies' share prices may collapse and their markets disappear. Global markets are empowering pressure groups, enfranchising consumers and shareholders and fuelling a new politics of direct action. What can businesses and governments do in response to these challenges? First, they must avoid a bunker mentality. The aims of the anti-capitalist demonstrators and the fuel protesters in Europe are different, indeed opposed, but they express a similar frustration. Rightly, they believe the risks and costs of globalisation are being neglected or underestimated. Large sections of the public agree. Anti-globalisation protesters may express many conflicting interests, some muddled, but they voice concerns felt by many others, including consumers and shareholders. In this new environment, businesses must reach out to initiate dialogue with the protesters. They cannot avoid being proactive. Business has a vital interest in understanding the values and goals of the critics of globalisation for two reasons. First, pressure groups articulate and shape the public mind more pervasively and effectively than any political party and they have a leverage on events that is often greater that that of government. If business ignores these realities it will pay a big price. Second, the power of protesters is considerable but it is to a large extent the power of veto. As things are, they may have the ability to prevent businesses implementing their strategies. They have few opportunities for more constructive interaction. If, however, the problems of globalisation are ever to be tackled, this can only be in a collaborative effort that encompasses business and pressure groups as well as government. Only a few years ago, globalisation seemed to have an unstoppable momentum. In the long run, that is still true. As new technologies appear, they will transform all our lives. But a formidable backlash is building up. The risk to governments of failing to engage with the fears that anti-globalisation movements express is that, as in Denmark, they overreach the limits of popular consent. The risk for businesses is that they will end up among globalisation's casualties. ---- The writer is professor of European thought at the London School of Economics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Living Justice Non-Violence Forum From: wilpfdc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Last Thursday, October 26, the Washington Peace Center hosted a forum exploring tactics and philosophies within social justice movements at American University. As supporters of social change and justice, many of us struggle in deciding which types of tactics are appropriate in achieving our goals. That being the case, I thought I would fill you in on what was discussed that evening. The first speaker was Michelle Naar-Obed, a Catholic Worker and author of Maternal Convictions: Essays on Community, Spirituality, and Non-Violent Resistance. Naar-Obed has spent over two years in federal prisons for her involvement in Plowshares actions and other non-violent resistance. Plowshares actions began twenty years ago as a way of protesting the weapons industry. Activists entered weapons factories and physically beat weapons with hammers. Naar-Obed explained that Plowshares activists believe that weapons are not property but contraband that should be converted under international law. Recognizing that not everyone would feel comfortable or be willing to take the risk of participating in such a protest, she said that, "whatever form of resistance we take, we should compliment each other and be in it for the long haul." The next speaker was Chuck Munson, a local anarchist who was involved in the A16 Black Block and runs an anarchist web site, <http://www.infoshop.org>, and edits the magazines Alternative Press Review and Practical Anarchy. Munson explained the purpose of the Black Blocks that have been part of different protests, including the Seattle WTO protest. Started in the early 1990s, the anarchist Black Blocks have been responsible for some of the property destruction at demonstrations. According to Munson, Black Blocks show solidarity, increase the visibility of protests, provide an anarchist critique of the event, and escalate the confrontation between the protesters and those they are protesting against. Munson justified property destruction as an important non-violent protest technique. He said that it succeeds in getting publicity, it can't be co-opted by other groups, it shatters myths about the possibility of corporate good citizenship, and it, at the very least, throws a "monkey wrench" into capitalism. Munson made a distinction between "personal property," which he defined as owning things you need, and "private property," or owning things that others need. Therefore, destroying "private" property is justified. Like Naar-Obed, Munson sees the destruction of private property somewhat like a "conversion." "A dumpster [lit on fire] becomes a source of light and heat," he said. "A side of a building, a bulletin board for brainstorming ideas." Munson cited other motivations for the Black Blocks, including a frustration with marches that "preach to the converted, don't get press, and aren't fun." He said that there is too much "civil" and not enough "disobedience." He recognized, though, the need to reconcile these more extreme tactics with others. He suggested that demonstrations be organized so that there are different types of actions on different days and people could participate in what they feel comfortable with. He ended by saying, "You have to use tactics that are compatible with the society you want to create, but sometimes you have to do stuff you don't want to do." The last speaker was Nadine Bloch, co-founder of the Washington Action Group and the DC representative for the Direct Action Network and the Ruckus Society. Bloch spoke of the importance of focusing on issues, not tactics. She warned of the possibility of being "divided and conquered" if activists became too concerned with tactics and less concerned with the common goal of changing the system. In organizing protests and demonstrations, Bloch stressed that clear communication about what tactics would be appropriate was key. She also agreed with Munson's proposal that different types of actions could take place on different days. "Each person has to explore their own limits, to make appropriate alliances," she said. Bloch also reminded the audience that people that take more high risk actions, or "push the envelope," make other activists look more moderate and can help them achieve their goals. She urged all activists, whatever tactics they chose, to take responsibility for their actions. ---- For more information about Washington Peace Center activities, visit their web site at <www.WashingtonPeaceCenter.org> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Munitions used against us on October 22 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] After Los Angeles Street was reopened on 10/22 the following were recovered from the street in front of Parker Center: Spent projectiles: A. black, grape-sized hard rubber bullets B. black dense-foam column discs with a hole through the center C. black, hard-plastic cylinder (closed at the front end & with bull-nosed, blue-rubber covered end Spent casings: A. Defense Technologies No. 20F 37/38mm Multiple Baton Foam Rounds (silver metal with black lettering) B. Defense Technologies No. 28B 37/3mm Stingers (black plastic with white lettering) C. Defense Technologies No. 1006 40mm eXact iMpact (silver with black lettering) The names "Multiple Baton", "Stinger" & "eXact iMpact" might lead you to believe these are intended for human targets. However, the "WARNING" on 20F says: "Do not fire directly at person(s) as serious injury or death could result" The 28B casing reads: 1. Not intended to be fired directly at persons 2. Use only in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and after receiving proper training. 3. Misuse could result in serious physical injury or death. The casings also all state "To be used only by law enforcement and corrections personnel trained in riot control tactics" (No.1006 substitutes "military" for "corrections"). Defense Technologies (a division of Armored Holding) is in Casper, Wyoming, 82602. The phone # is: 1(307) 235-6900 . Defense Technologies' Customer Service Dept. is in Jacksonville, Florida. That toll-free number is: 1(800)428-0588. They send out weapons spec sheets on request. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interpol targets cybercrime at world conference October 31, 2000 RHODES, Greece (AP) The head of the global law enforcement agency, Interpol, on Monday promised to focus greater attention on fighting Internet crime, officials said. ``Today's criminals have found their own channels of communication on the Internet,'' Interpol's President, Toshinori Kanemoto of Japan, said at the start of the agency's five-day annual conference on this island. Some 700 delegates from 130 countries discussed the use of Internet by criminals to embezzle money and create child pornography networks. Conference sessions are held behind closed doors and Kanemoto's remarks were relayed by Greek delegates. The 69th annual general assembly of the Lyon, France-based Interpol, is being held amid growing concern over the surge in cybercrime. Interpol officials have described this as a ``make-or-break time'' to crackdown on Internet fraud. The agency is considering partnerships with private firms to deal with the problem. Other issues on the Rhodes agenda include the trafficking and sexual exploitation of women, global drug smuggling and the protection of intellectual property. Greece's public order minister, Michalis Chrisohoidis, warned that criminals were moving faster than police to take advantage of open-border policies in Europe. ``Modern criminals have done away with borders, languages, nationalities and national customs,'' he said. Interpol, known formally as the International Criminal Police Organization, was founded in 1923 to track fugitives and investigate international crime. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uganda Ebola Death Toll Rises To 73 October 31, 2000 KAMPALA, Uganda (AP) The death toll from the outbreak of the deadly Ebola virus in northern Uganda has risen to 73 after two more people died in the past 48 hours, an official said Monday. Francis Omaswa, director general of Uganda's medical services, said 19 new cases had also been identified in the last two days, bringing the number of known cases to 224. All the confirmed Ebola cases are in and around the town of Gulu, 223 miles north of Kampala. The outbreak was confirmed on Oct. 14. ``We continue to receive reports of suspected cases from other parts of the country. These are being investigated promptly; none of them are cases of Ebola,'' Omaswa said in a statement. He said 21 people had been discharged from hospitals during the last 48 hours bringing the number who had recovered from the virus to 96. There is no known medical cure for Ebola, which causes hemorrhagic fever, but patients treated with aggressive rehydration therapy have a chance of survival. Experts from the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Doctors without Borders are in Gulu helping Ugandan authorities try to contain the disease. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Spy Base named in Euro probe <http://sundaytimes.com.au/common/story_page/0%2C4511%2C1334207%5E948%2C00.html> 22oct00 A GERALDTON spy base has a major role in a global surveillance network under investigation by the European Parliament. Codenamed Echelon, the super-secret eavesdropping system consists of five key bases around the world. The Geraldton base is 30km from the city, at Kojarena. When it was opened in 1993, the base was described as a "defence satellite communications station". But a report to the European Parliament says the Geraldton base is part of Echelon. "It is a targeting system on all of the world's Intel satellites used to convey most of the world's satellite phone calls, Internet, email, faxes and telexes," says the report. "These sites are based at Sugar Grove and Yakima in the USA, at Waihopi in New Zealand, at Geraldton in Western Australia and at Morenstow in the United Kingdom." Key words can be fed into a series of powerful computers known as "the dictionaries" and when those words are spoken or written and then transmitted by anyone via satellite, Echelon knows about it. "Five nations share the results with the US as the senior partner," said the report. The base near Geraldton is run by Australia's military spying arm, the Defence Signals Directorate and covers 35ha in a 415ha buffer zone. It is staffed by more than 100 people and operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Transmissions going via satellite from Russia and China are among the base's primary targets, according to a book by defence studies expert Professor Desmond Ball. He said the Geraldton base gave the intelligence alliance between America, Britain and Australia complete coverage of the world's satellites. According to the first "insider" to go public about Echelon, the system was given the name by America's National Security Agency. It was originally referred to as project P415. Margaret Newsham told a US committee of Congress in 1988 that she lost faith in the system when she found it was being used to spy on ordinary citizens, politicians, interest groups and private companies. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packaging Sales Surpass Album Sales, Sony Reports September 1, 2013 LOS ANGELES--Three short years after its controversial decision to stop selling albums and to focus exclusively on the marketing of licensed packaging, Sony Music reports that revenues from the sale of liner notes and associated packaging exceed those generated by sale of its music catalog. "At the time, the heads of all the Majors thought that we were crazy," explains Sony A&R Chief Herb Iki. "But it was just that they refused to see the way in which the industry was developing. We realized pretty quickly that music, because it's really just bits, was destined to be free; but packaging, that's something we know about, and something we can sell." Sony launched its "albumless" strategy with the widely publicized release of "Nobitz," the 33rd album from classic-rock stalwarts U2. At the time, fans lining up to purchase the disc were almost universally shocked to discover that "Nobitz" consisted entirely of brightly-colored cardboard and plastic packaging, with a stylish, burlap circle in the place of a disc. "We learned a lot from the 'Nobitz' launch," recalls Iki. "First, we learned that it's better to keep the packaging empty than to try to replace the disc with something. I don't know how many people tried to play that burlap 'disc,' but I think every one of them called to complain that theirs was defective. Second, we learned that, overwhelmingly, fans will pay for the packaging, even when they can download the music for free." Three years later, Sony Music sales confirm that a business many thought destined for extinction merely needed to be re-thought. "I've raised my estimates on all the major music companies, largely because they've managed to redefine their markets," notes JupiterScan analyst Helva Vexner. "For a while it looked like the labels were in serious trouble. Artists didn't need their distributional networks in order to get product out there. But now, after Sony's success, artists are re-signing in droves to get the licensing revenues from the packaging." "Historically, artists relied upon labels for distribution and promotion while labels depended upon artists to supply the product" explains OVA super-agent Maxim Maxim. "The labels finally realized that, in the packaging, they were supplying a product worth money in its own right. Every serious fan craves the iconic connection that's possible only through a physical product. I have, systematically, encouraged all of my artists to sign licensing deals." The viability of Sony's new strategy, however, remains uncertain. New printing technologies, in concert with a peer-to-peer file distribution system known as Packster, threaten the newfound stream of "Paper & Plastic" or "P&P" revenues. Recent improvements in Materials Printers from Compackard have enabled fans to produce, in their homes, packaging nearly identical in quality to that offered by Sony and other traditional record companies. With a Materials Printer, a block of resin "toner," and a file describing the desired packaging, users can make for themselves the products companies like Sony are coming to rely on. Sony's Iki remains sanguine. "Packster is just another in a series of technologies that have challenged the way we do business. But that's a good thing. It makes us evolve and innovate, forces us to realize value in ways we didn't previously think possible. It's true that we are in the marketing business, not the music business. But that's why we make money. People will buy marketing. They won't always buy music." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linked stories: ******************** The war against marijuana intensifies <http://www.norml.org/legal/index.shtml> Our country's war on drugs places great emphasis on arresting people for smoking marijuana. During the Clinton administration, 3,470,545 Americans have been arrested for marijuana offenses. In 1997 alone, law enforcement arrested 695,200 people for marijuana violations, almost double the number recorded in 1993, the year Clinton took office. (10/00) ******************** Internet devices coming that reveal your location <http://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/10/30/wireless.tracking.ap/index.html> Businesses may soon be able to offer you deals according to your location, but the convenience comes courtesy of a federal law that turns cell phones into 24-hour tracking systems. (10/31/00) ******************** Vote Trade: The Democratic Way? <http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,39860,00.html?tw=wn20001031> Websites are popping up to facilitate the trade of presidential votes. It could be a way for Ralph Nader fans to support their man while not hurting Democrat Al Gore. ******************** Human Rights 2.0 <http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,39429,00.html?tw=wn20001031> The Digital Freedom Network provides a voice for people who have been attacked for their beliefs. Bobson Wong, DFN's executive director, talks to the NetSlaves about advocating human rights. ******************** Bill Joy Hopes Reason Prevails <http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,39864,00.html?tw=wn20001031> Sun Microsystems' co-founder says there's still time to apply reason and ethics to a tech world run amok in the fields of robotics, nanotechnology and genetics. Patrick McGee reports from the Camden Technology Conference in Camden, Maine. ******************** Usenet Sale: Sounds to Silence? <http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,39622,00.html?tw=wn20001025> Deja.com is about to sell its Usenet archive -- six years of Internet communications chiseled into digital stone. The pending change of owner raises the question: Is there a future for the Internet's oral history? ******************** The Military Industry's 'Leveraged Buyout' of Gore and Bush <http://www.tompaine.com/features/2000/10/23/index.html> On the handful of occasions when Al Gore and George W. Bush have debated military and foreign policy issues, they've argued about how much to increase the Pentagon budget, not whether to do so. That's pretty amazing when you consider that the United States is already spending $311 billion per year on its armed forces, more than the next seven largest military powers combined. ******************** A Tale of Three Arms Trades The Changing Dynamics of Conventional Weapons Proliferation <http://www.worldpolicy.org/projects/arms/reports/bh1000.htm> The 1990s began with three seminal events that marked the emergence of radical changes in the dynamics of the global arms trade: the break-up of the Soviet Union, the Persian Gulf war, and the United Nations intervention in Somalia. Each of these events is emblematic of larger structural shifts in the international security system that have transformed the strategic, economic, and political incentives influencing the arms import and export policies of governments, firms, and non-state paramilitary and rebel forces. ******************** Outcomes of Cardiac Arrest in Casinos <http://www.nejm.org/content/2000/0343/0017/1206.asp> We studied a prospective series of cases of sudden cardiac arrest in casinos. Casino security officers were instructed in the use of automated external defibrillators. The locations where the defibrillators were stored in the casinos were chosen to make possible a target interval of three minutes or less from collapse to the first defibrillation. See also: Use of Automated External Defibrillators by a U.S. Airline <http://www.nejm.org/content/2000/0343/0017/1210.asp> ******************** 50 Years Of Political Ads <http://www.mediachannel.org/arts/perspectives/pol_ads/front.shtml> A video by Antoni Muntadas and Marshall Reese shows the devolution of political advertising, down to today's candidates who are sold like soap. ******************** The New Global Oppression <http://www.mediachannel.org/views/oped/neo.shtml> With world power in the hands of a few, the global media stifle culture, dissent and freedom, warns Dr. Nawal El Saadawi. ******************** How That Deleted Email Can Come Back To Haunt You <http://www.newscientist.com/nlf/1028/indelible.html> ******************** ====================================================== "Anarchy doesn't mean out of control. It means out of 'their' control." -Jim Dodge ====================================================== "Communications without intelligence is noise; intelligence without communications is irrelevant." -Gen. Alfred. M. Gray, USMC ====================================================== "It is not a sign of good health to be well adjusted to a sick society." -J. Krishnamurti ______________________________________________________________ To subscribe/unsubscribe or for a sample copy or a list of back issues, send appropriate email to <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>. ______________________________________________________________ <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! 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