-Caveat Lector- From: yair davidi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Fri, 01 Oct 1999 Subj: Khazars-1 This articles is in 3 parts. It is mainly a reprint from the 2nd issue of Tribesman. Many of you have seen most of it before. It is being sent out due to requests. I have more information on the subject which I hope to process after Succoth. The articles is about the Khazars which is interesting in its own right but it also contains information concerning the Israselite origins of certain European peoples. Following this article will follow a number of postings briefly tracing Israelite groups from Scythia to western Europe. These postings will also contain information concerning the Israelite origins of western peoples. THE KHAZARS: SOME NOTES FOR FURTHER STUDY. The Khazars were a small but powerful people who once ruled over portions of Russia and eastern Europe. They (or at least many of their leaders) converted to Judaism, were eventually defeated and disappeared. Their descendants were either assimilated amongst the Jews or became Sabbath-keeping and other "divergent" christians many (if not most) of whom in some way or other migrated to the west and to North America. Other descendants of the Khazars may be scattered throughout the former area of the U.S.S.R. and in different parts of Europe. THE NUMBERS OF THE KHAZARS WERE NOT GREAT. AN ESTIMATE SAYS THAT THEY NUMBERED ABOUT 50,000. It may have been more but it could not have been excessively so. A knowledge of the Khazars is useful for several reasons. Evidence exists that the Khazars were descended from the Lost Tribes of Israel. There is also proof that they were related to peoples in northwest Europe. It follows that evidence connecting northwest Europeans to Israel is strengthened when cognizance is taken of the Israelite ancestry of their Khazar brothers. The Khazars and Anti-Semites. Another reason for studying the Khazars is that anti-Semites and some assimilationist Jews claim that the present-day Jews came from the Khazars who they assume were non-Israelite. Anti-Semites use their notion of the Khazars to allege that the Jews are impostors and not true descendants of Israel. Some "Identity" groups also make this allegation. So do the Arabs and some Negro anti-Semites. In the past some assimilationist Jews used the Khazar idea to claim that since their ancestors were not in Judah at a certain time therefore they were not culpable for whatever the Jews may or may not have done to the christian messiah. There is also an ideaological component some people wanting to present Judaism as a religion (more than an hereditary group) and the Khazars as non-Jewish converts emphasizing the fact that Judaism is open to all. KOESTLER There was a writer named Arthur Koestler who thought that by showing the Jews to be descended from the Khazars the Gentiles would stop hating the Jews since the Khazars were not in Palestine when Jesus was there. Koestler read the sources but chose to emphasize those that were in line with his goal and even these were not so convincing. Even so the book of Koestler (The Thirteenth Tribe) became a best seller and a favorite with anti-semites. The book itself does not really prove anything but anti-semites love it since it purports to show that the Jews are not really the chosen people and this is therefore another reason to hate them. Koestler did not believe in the Bible so he dismissed legends that the Khazars were descended from the Lost Tribes as fantasies. He was an atheist socialist or agnostic so any other "rational" simplistic explanation was preferable to him and to his idealogical goal. Kostler should have realized that: There are some types who will hate Jews no matter what. Some who will always be sympathetic. Some inbetween who can swing either way. Even though some of the most vicious haters of the Jewish people have been Christians so too most of the few friends and allies the Jews have had have been those who believe in the Bible -whether Christian or not. The background for some of the ideas about the Khazars also concerns the Karaites of Russia. The Khazars and Karaites. The Khazars ruled over many peoples some of whom were also influenced by Hebraising tendencies. In Judaism at that time there were two main streams. There were Rabbinical Jews who parallel the Orthodox Jews of today. They believed in the Bible and in its interpretation according to oral tradition. They were homogeneous (and still are) and consistent in their basic beliefs and practices. They usually managed to reach a consensus regarding the practical application of Biblical injunctions. Another group were the Karaites who claimed to believe only in Scripture. The Karaites, however, were actually eclectic and widely divergent amongst themselves in their interpretation of Scripture. The Karaite movement in the modern sense had begun in the region of present-day Iraq but its roots may be traced back to the Samaritans and to the Sadducees and to other sects of former times. Amongst the numerous groups subject to the Khazars were Tartars and Turkish elements and some of these accepted the Karaite form of religion. The Karaites of Russia eventually were not really Jews but had freely intermarried with the Tartars and spoke a Tartar dialect. Groups of Karaites were found in Lithuania and southern Russia and the Crimea and at one stage even in Germany. Under the Russian Czars the Jews were savagely persecuted and the Karaites naturally wished to be exempt from anti-Jewish discrimination. The Karaites therefore claimed to be descended from the Lost Ten Tribes and not Judaeans and so could not be held responsible for the crucifixion. Crimean Tombstones and the Lost Ten Tribes. In the Crimea certain tombstones, etc., were fabricated by a wealthy Karaite scholar named Firkovitch. These tombstones bear the names of people stating that they are descended from Tribes of Israel exiled by Assyria. For a short period several leading authorities were misled by this evidence and there were those who maybe wanted to be misled in order to help the Karaites out of their predicament. [Some sections of The Lost Ten Tribes however really had once been in the Crimea and in other areas of southern and eastern Russia.] Other Karaite figures both under the Russians and under Hitler strove to prove that they were not racially of Jewish or Israelite origin. Some of them were actively anti-Semitic. PLEASE NOTE THAT TO BE CONSIDERED AN ISRAELITE CAN BE DANGEROUS!! In some accounts of the Khazars it is sometimes assumed that the Karaites descend from them. This assumption is mistaken and misleading. THE KHAZARS WERE ADHERENTS OF THE RABBINICAL FORM OF JUDAISM. THE KARAITE Firkovitch had forged material BUT claims have been made that only part of what he adduced as evidence was forged and that part of it was genuine. This requires a separate study by other people. The Biblical Attitude to Converts in General. Regarding conversion or simply the genuine acceptance of membership in the Israelite community, Scripture has already spoken, "Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt" (Exodus 22;20). "One ordinance shall be both for you of the congregation, and also for the stranger that sojourneth with you, an ordinance for ever in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the LORD. (Numbers 15;15). "And it shall come to pass, that ye shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that sojourn amongst you, which shall beget children among you: and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the children of Israel; they shall have inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel (Ezekiel 47;22). Khazar History. A linguistic study (Baschmakoff, Paris 1937) based on place-names indicated that the Khazars were connected with the region of northern Mesopotamia and to Adiabene, i.e. to areas to which the Lost Ten Tribes had been exiled in 730-720 b.c.e. Arab chroniclers record the Khazars having been east of the Caspian Sea in the time of Alexander the Great (Dunlop). They were said to have invaded Armenia in ca.197-217 c.e. and to have been subjected by the Armenians (Moses of Chorene). They assisted the Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate in 363 c.e. and managed to conquer Armenia with their ships dominating the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea was formerly known as "The Khazar Sea". The Khazars were also known as "Gazari" and as "Akatzyri" and "Agathyrsoi". In the past under the name Agathyrsoi they had been variously reported in Thrace (south-east Europe), in the Pontus (north-east Turkey), in Poland, and towards the far north-eastern edge of the Baltic Sea shore. The Khazars in Scotland Servius on Virgil and Scottish sources said that the Picts of Scotland were descended from a portion of the Agathyrsoi who crossed the sea and conquered north Scotland. Khazars in the west In the period 350-450 c.e. the Huns from the area of Mongolia advanced westward conquering other peoples and forcing them to join their forces or flee before them. The Huns swept into Europe. The Anglo-Saxon and related invasions of Britain in the 450s are connected with the Huns aggression. Attila the Hun in ca. 434 c.e. had made the Akartziri (Khazars) his tributaries and appointed his first-born son Ellac as their king over them. The Akatziri (Khazars) fought as Hun auxiliaries alongside the Black Huns and Alans in Gaul. Upon Attila's death it has been presumed that they returned to the Caucasus area. The Khazars and the Anglo-Saxons? One branch of the Khazars were known as Sabirs. A group of "Sabarium" together with "Carnutum" had served in Gaul as Roman mercenaries. These have been ascribed both Anglo-Saxon and Central Asian origins (GDH vol.1, p.209 ff, vol.4 p.108 ff). They used the runic "Ing" letter as their emblem. This sign is usually associated with the Angles and is of Scandinavian origin. Another portion of the Khazars were the White Ugrians whom the Chinese described as tall, white-skinned, and green-eyed (McGovern p.472). Even though the "White Ugrians" were white they did not receive their name because of their color but due to their status in the steppe area. The White Ugrians were called "white" because they were the rulers. "Black" Ugrians were the subjects of the "White" ones. The Khazars themselves consisted (as we will see) of several groups some of which were physically "white" while others were darkish. Central Asian and Scythian history can be confusing since there were many different groups each of which often had several names. The names of one group were sometimes interchanged with that of another due to conquest or assimilation or one group taking over the former territory or status of the other. The White Ugrians had been in that part of Scythia once ascribed to the "Hugie" who were in effect the Franks who had later settled in France. The White Ugrians ruled over a mixed Turkish and Mongolian group known as the "Black" Ugrians. Another people once confederated with the Khazars were the White Huns who were also known as "Nephtali" and descend from the Nephtali Tribe of Israel. With the break-up of the Hun Empire remnants of the Huns in the east were absorbed by the "Turkish(?)" Juan-juan who became known as the Avars. The name "Avar" or "Abar" had originally been one of the names of the Naphtalite Huns but somehow it became applicable to the Juan-juan who ruled over them. As stated a people in East Scythia known as the Juan-juan had once dominated the Khazars, White Ugrians, and Nephtalite Huns who revolted. The Nephtalite Huns consisted of Nephtali and Danes descendants of Dan. In the course of the revolt against the Juan-juan most of the Nephtalite Huns moved westward eventually reaching Scandinavia and settling in Norway and Denmark. In the meanwhile the Khazars and White Ugrians defeated the Juan-juan (who were now known as "Avars") and killed most of them. The remaining "Avars" were accepted as leaders by the Black Ugrians who previously had been "White Ugrian" vassals. The Black Ugrians henceforth took the name "Avar" upon themselves and migrated to Central Europe where in the period 550-769 c.e. they dominated Hungary, Austria, and parts of Germany. Their kingdom was destroyed by the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. Their descendants are still to be found in Austria and Germany. Originally the name "Avar" ("Abar") had been that of the Nephtalites, then it became that of the Juan-juan, then that of the Black Ugrians. The recorded passsing over of the name to several different groups is typical of the history of this region and era. The 2nd edition of "The Tribes" is now available. This work contains information of great interest that you need to know. By purchasing the book you will also be assisting us to further this message. "The Tribes" costs $30 or its equivalent in other currency. The price includes postage by airmail. 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