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LAWMAKER: HOLD ANTHRAX SHOTS - REPORTS OF SQUALENE ANTIBODIES IN GULF WAR
VETERANS CITED
By Deborah Funk, Marine Times: 05-10-99
   A North Carolina congressman has asked the Pentagon to stop immunizing
service members against anthrax until defense officials conduct a "more
thorough examination" of possible side effects.
   Rep. Walter B. Jones, R-N.C., pointed to reports that independent
researchers have found evidence of squalene antibodies in sick Gulf War
veterans, including those who did not deploy.
   Scientists have been experimenting with squalene -- a substance found
naturally in shark and human livers -- to see if it can boost the
effectiveness of vaccines by improving the body's immune response. It hasn't
been licensed for general use by the Food and Drug Administration.
   The body produces antibodies to neutralize toxins, proteins and other
substances, which is how the body develops immunity.
   The presence of squalene antibodies in Persian Gulf War veterans indicates
they came in contact with squalene somehow, but the Defense Department says
it wasn't part of the anthrax vaccine given to Gulf War vets.
   Congress asked the General Accounting Office to look into the matter, but
investigators couldn't determine whether Gulf War veterans were given
vaccines containing squalene. GAO recommended the Defense Department test
veterans for squalene antibodies to determine the extent of their presence
and whether they are a factor in Gulf War illnesses.
   But Pentagon officials declined, saying they would wait until the
researchers' work is published in a scientific journal before considering
whether to test veterans.
   In a letter to Defense Secretary William S. Cohen, Jones urged the
department to test the veterans now and suspend the anthrax vaccination
program until possible health risks are ruled out.
   Jones said he understands the importance of protecting troops against
biological warfare. But, he said, "I am concerned the department may be
moving ahead with implementation of an anthrax vaccine program prior to
conducting the full range of scientific and medical tests necessary to
appropriately reduce the risks of unintended health consequences for those
required to receive the inoculation. ...
   "I urge you to impose a moratorium on involuntary anthrax vaccinations
until a more thorough examination of the connection between previous
vaccinations and adverse health effects has been completed," Jones wrote.
   Pentagon spokesman Kenneth Bacon said the anthrax vaccine has been
licensed for nearly 30 years with a solid safety record.
   "The question one has to ask is what would happen if there were an anthrax
attack and we hadn't taken precautionary measures to protect our troops,"
Bacon said.
   The only times the Defense Department has used squalene in vaccines given
to people were in five tightly controlled, voluntary clinical trials, three
for malaria and two for HIV vaccines, a Pentagon spokesman said.
   Military researchers used squalene as a vaccine-enhancer in several
studies involving animals, the spokesman said. The anthrax vaccine was one of
those tested.
©1999 Army Times Publishing Company

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