Package: debootstrap Version: 1.0.128+nmu2+deb12u1 Man page says: --second-stage Complete the bootstrapping process. Other arguments are generally not needed.
Well one cannot just run these two in sequence: SYNOPSIS debootstrap [OPTION...] SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]] debootstrap [OPTION...] --second-stage On https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/355197/179494 we see the answer. Therefore the man page must kindly also mention: "to run the second stage, chroot to where you've unpacked the archive, and run /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage "