Just run into that. Symptoms are the same, even after reboot and apt-get install --reinstall dolphin.
KDE shortcut complains about non-existing /usr/share/applications/kde4/dolphin.desktop , if this will help to trace the bug. Running from command line gives following: $ dolphin "Trying to convert empty KLocalizedString to QString." QPixmap::scaled: Pixmap is a null pixmap QPixmap::scaled: Pixmap is a null pixmap QPixmap::scaled: Pixmap is a null pixmap QPixmap::scaled: Pixmap is a null pixmap QPixmap::scaled: Pixmap is a null pixmap QPixmap::scaled: Pixmap is a null pixmap Segmentation fault Please fix soon, this bug is show stopper!