Public bug reported:

This is actually a PulseAudio bug, but the workaround is to disable
Bluetooth audio in GDM.

Further discussion (and the source of my understanding about this issue)
upstream are here:

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=805414

To summarise:

GDM opens the A2DP profile for a11y purposes to allow screenreaders to
output over BT audio devices. However Pulse doesn't release those
devices when no audio is being played and the upshot is that once in the
users session A2DP is not available for any Bluetooth audio devices,
this means that you can only use the low quality profile HSP/HFP.

There is a proposed workaround, but this means that a11y tools which
need to output audio won't be able to use Bluetooth devices within GDM.

I think that for 17.10 shipping this work-around is acceptable, and we
should revisit in the 18.04 cycle to try and get a proper fix in PA.
The suggested PA bug is:

https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=57167

but that hasn't seen movement since 2012.

= The work around =

>From the Debian wiki:  https://wiki.debian.org/BluetoothUser/a2dp

Disable the Bluetooth sink in the GDM PA daemon.

Add this to /var/lib/gdm3/.config/pulse/default.pa

#!/usr/bin/pulseaudio -nF
#

# load system wide configuration
.include /etc/pulse/default.pa

### unload driver modules for Bluetooth hardware
.ifexists module-bluetooth-policy.so
  unload-module module-bluetooth-policy
.endif

.ifexists module-bluetooth-discover.so
  unload-module module-bluetooth-discover
.endif


I have tested this, and I can confirm that it allows access to A2DP
again in the user session.

** Affects: pulseaudio
     Importance: Unknown
         Status: Unknown

** Affects: gdm3 (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

** Affects: gdm3 (Debian)
     Importance: Unknown
         Status: Unknown

** Bug watch added: freedesktop.org Bugzilla #57167
   https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=57167

** Also affects: gdm via
   https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=57167
   Importance: Unknown
       Status: Unknown

** Bug watch added: Debian Bug tracker #805414
   http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=805414

** Also affects: gdm3 (Debian) via
   http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=805414
   Importance: Unknown
       Status: Unknown

** Project changed: gdm => pulseaudio

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1703415

Title:
  Disable Bluetooth sink in GDM to allow A2DP in the user session

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