[ECOLOG-L] Graduate Student Opportunity in Coral Reef Virology

2016-11-14 Thread Adrienne Simoes Correa
The Correa Lab (http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ac53/) has funding to support a 
graduate student to work on a project assessing the impacts of viruses on coral 
reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia. The scope of this project includes 
observational and experimental fieldwork, molecular lab work, algal culturing, 
and bioinformatic analyses. Preferred applicants may have experience in 
many/all of these areas, as well as a research diving certification or 
extensive diving experience. Applications from underrepresented groups are 
encouraged. Interested candidates should email Dr. Adrienne Correa with a brief 
description of their qualifications and interest in our lab’s research, as well 
as their CV. Information on the Rice EEB Graduate Program is available here: 
https://biosciences.rice.edu/EEB_GradAdmissions.aspx. The application deadline 
for the Rice EEB graduate program is December 31st, 2016.

Adrienne M.S. Correa, Ph.D.
BioSciences at Rice University
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program
Martel College Associate
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ac53/ 


[ECOLOG-L] Research Technician Position - Northern Arizona University

2016-11-14 Thread Judith Diane Springer
The Ecological Restoration Institute (ERI) at Northern Arizona 
University in Flagstaff is searching for a Research Technician to help 
support scientific studies of forest restoration on landscapes of the 
western United States. Candidates should have strong technical skills in 
forest measurements, ecological data collection, data management, 
dendrochronology, and laboratory assistance. The ideal candidate will 
have experience leading summer field crews and working with public land 
management agencies (e.g., US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, 
US Park Service), and familiarity with flora of upland forests of the 
Southwest. This position will be responsible for a full range of 
technical and professional support activities.

The Ecological Restoration Institute (ERI) at Northern Arizona 
University in Flagstaff is nationally recognized for mobilizing the 
unique assets of a university to help solve the problem of unnaturally 
severe wildfire and degraded forest health throughout the American West. 
The ERI collaborates with land management agencies and communities by 
providing comprehensive focused studies, monitoring and evaluation, 
technical support, and education. The mission of ERI is to serve as an 
objective leader in science, scholarship, and education, and in 
collaborative efforts to plan and implement restoration treatments for 
frequent-fire forest and woodland landscapes of the West.

As a member of the ERI’s Research and Development team, the Research 
Technician will:
-Lead crews of students and seasonal employees during the summer (May-
August) to conduct forest measurements and collect ecological data at 
both local and remote sites. Field trips often require staying in the 
field for eight consecutive days.
-Prepare field samples such as tree increment cores, tree cross-
sections, soils, and plant specimens for analysis.
-Participate in dendroecological analysis of field samples.
-Assist in data management activities including data entry, quality 
control and assurance, archiving, and basic data analysis and summary.
-Assist in coordination of study activities and implementation with 
public land management partners. This work may include securing special 
use permits and scheduling of activities such as tree thinning and 
prescribed burning.
-Assist Director of Science Delivery in science translation and outreach 
efforts.
-Participate in secondary science activities including searches and 
extraction of data from published literature.
-Assist in preparing and presenting reports for various audiences
-Participate in a broad range of laboratory and field duties to support 
ecological restoration research projects as needed

Minimum Qualifications:
-Bachelor’s degree in forestry, biology, environmental science, natural 
resources, or similar field; or,
-Four years ecology research or forest field measurement experience; or,
-Any equivalent combination of experience, training and/or education

Application Deadline: Open until further notice.

To see full posting and directions on how to apply, please visit: 
http://nau.edu/Human-Resources/Careers/Staff-Welcome-Page/


[ECOLOG-L] Assistant Professor, Plant Biology

2016-11-14 Thread George Wang
Biology, Assistant Professor

East Central University (ECU) is a student-centered regional state
university located in Ada, Oklahoma. ECU offers thirty-three undergraduate
baccalaureate degree programs in arts and letters, business, education,
mathematics and sciences, nursing, and the social sciences; and ten master's
degrees in education, human resources, and psychology. ECU's 4,600 students
come from 32 countries and 28 different states. About 65% of the 172 faculty
hold doctorates.

FACULTY RESPONSIBILITIES: Activities required of all faculty in the College
of Health and Science include exemplary teaching; by curriculum planning,
implementation, evaluation; possible evening, and web course development. 
Additional activities required of all tenure track faculty include
scholarship (grant writing, research, and publications); recruitment and
retention activities; student advising; and service to the department,
college, university, and community. 

SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES: One vascular plant biologist position to teach
undergraduate courses in General Biology, General Botany, and additional
courses in area of specialization. 

QUALIFICATIONS:  
Required:  Doctoral degree in Biology, Plant Biology or related field is
required (ABD will be considered).  Tenure track requires terminal degree in
hand.  A proven record of post-doctoral and/or undergraduate teaching
experience. 

Preferred:  Candidates with a proven record of scholarly activities,
including but not limited to publications, scientific presentations, and
grant writing is a plus);  willingness to direct science education or
clinical laboratory sciences programs;  a demonstrated commitment to
outstanding teaching;  excellent oral and written communication skills;  a
dedication to professional attainment;   the demonstrated ability to utilize
instructional technology in the classroom;  and a commitment to quality
improvement. 

TO APPLY: Send letter of interest; resume; statement of teaching philosophy;
undergraduate and graduate transcripts; name, addresses, phone numbers of
three professional references; and *Disclosure Statement to Stephanie Moss,
Employment Services, East Central University, 1100 E. 14th Street, PMB D-2,
Ada, OK 74820 or e...@ecok.edu . Application review will begin in early
December 2016 and continue until the position is filled. Starting date is
August 2017. For more information about ECU, visit our web site at
http://www.ecok.edu

East Central University, in compliance with all applicable Federal and State
laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color,
national origin, sex, age, religion, disability, sexual orientation, genetic
information, or status as a veteran in any of its policies, practices, or
procedures. This includes but is not limited to admission, employment,
financial aid, and educational services. The following person has been
designated to handle inquiries regarding the non-discrimination policies:
Employment Services Director, 1100 E. 14th, Adm 160, Ada, OK 74820, (580)
559-5260.

An online ad for the position:
https://www.ecok.edu/node/13919


[ECOLOG-L] PhD Position in Species Traits and Food-Web Structure at The Ohio State University

2016-11-14 Thread Lauren M Pintor
PhD Position in Species Traits & Food-Web Structure at The Ohio State University

We are seeking a PhD student interested in studying how trait variation and 
species interactions determine food-web structure in river and inland lake 
ecosystems. The student will be co-advised by Dr. Lauren Pintor and Dr. Mazeika 
Sullivan. On going research in the Pintor laboratory 
(http://senr.osu.edu/our-people/lauren-m-pintor) focuses on how 
within-population variation in species traits (e.g. behavior) influence the 
outcome of species interactions, often in the context of biological invasions. 
On going research in the Sullivan/STRIVE Lab (http://u.osu.edu/strive/) focuses 
on understanding natural and human drivers of biodiversity, community and 
food-web organization, and ecosystem function. Together, we are interested in 
recruiting a student to advance research that links trait variation of key 
players within river and inland lake food webs with food-web connectance and 
resilience. Multiple laboratory facilities support our research, teaching, and 
outreach activities, including SENR’s Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland 
Research Park (ORWRP) 
(http://senr.osu.edu/research/schiermeier-olentangy-river-wetland-research-park).
Interested applicants should send a short description of your interests and 
career goals, a CV/resume, your GPA (undergraduate & graduate, if applicable) 
and your GRE scores and percentiles to Dr. Lauren Pintor (pinto...@osu.edu) and 
Dr. Mazeika Sullivan (sullivan@osu.edu). Priority will be given to 
applicants who apply by December 1, 2016. Following an initial review of 
applications, we will select the most competitive candidates to more formally 
apply to the SENR graduate program. General information regarding the SENR 
Graduate Program and application process may found at 
(http://senr.osu.edu/graduate/prospective-graduate-students).

-
Lauren M Pintor
Assistant Professor
School of Environment and Natural Resources
The Ohio State University
2021 Coffey Road
210 Kottman Hall
Columbus, OH 43210
pinto...@osu.edu
http://senr.osu.edu/our-people/lauren-m-pintor



[ECOLOG-L] Tenure-track Postion in Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology, Rank Open

2016-11-14 Thread Joel Trexler
The Department of Biological Science at Florida International University is
seeking qualified candidates (Ph.D. required) for an Assistant Professor and
or higher rank position in Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology.  Ecologists
working on terrestrial vertebrates in all areas of ecology are encouraged to
apply.  The successful candidate will be expected to have externally funded
research at the time of application and maintain an externally funded
research program, supervise graduate students in our Ph.D. program, as well
as teach undergraduate courses in their area of expertise. The minimum
requirements are a Doctoral degree from an accredited institution or the
highest degree appropriate in the field of specialization with a
demonstrated record of achievement in teaching, academic research, and service. 

Qualified candidates are encouraged to apply to Job Opening ID 512610 at
facultycareers.fiu.edu and attach cover letter, curriculum vitae, and
statements of teaching and research philosophy as a single pdf file. 
Candidates will be requested to provide names and contact information for at
least three references who will be contacted upon submission of application.
 To receive full consideration, applications and required materials should
be received by November 28, 2016.  Review will continue until position is
filled. For questions, contact the Search Committee Chair, Joel Trexler, at
trexl...@fiu.edu.  
 
FIU is a member of the State University System of Florida and an Equal
Opportunity, Equal Access Affirmative Action Employer. All qualified
applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race,
color, religion, sex, national origin, disability status, protected veteran
status, or any other characteristic protected by law. 


Florida International University is classified by Carnegie as a R1: Doctoral
Universities - Highest Research Activity and recognized as a Carnegie
engaged university. It is a public research university with colleges and
schools that offers 196 bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programs in fields
such as engineering, computer science, international relations,
architecture, law and medicine. As one of South Florida’s anchor
institutions, FIU contributes almost $9 billion each year to the local
economy. FIU is Worlds Ahead in finding solutions to the most challenging
problems of our time. FIU emphasizes research as a major component of its
mission. FIU has awarded more than 220,000 degrees and enrolls more than
54,000 students in two campuses and three centers including FIU Downtown on
Brickell, FIU@I-75, and the Miami Beach Urban Studios. FIU’s Medina Aquarius
Program houses the Aquarius Reef Base, a unique underwater research facility
in the Florida Keys. FIU also supports artistic and cultural engagement
through its three museums: Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum, the
WolfsonianFIU, and the Jewish Museum of Florida-FIU. FIU is a member of
Conference USA and has more than 400 student-athletes participating in 18
sports. For more information about FIU, visit http://www.fiu.edu/.


[ECOLOG-L] NASA-MSU awards

2016-11-14 Thread Jianguo 'Jack' Liu
Call for NASA-MSU Award Applications

 

With support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
and Michigan State University (MSU), NASA-MSU Professional Enhancement
Awards are given to students, postdocs, and junior researchers (e.g.,
assistant professors) cover expenses associated with attending the meeting
of US-IALE (U.S. Regional Association of the International Association for
Landscape Ecology) in April 9 - 13, 2017, in Baltimore, Maryland
(http://usiale.org/baltimore2017/). The program will enter its 20th
anniversary in 2017.

The application materials include a cover letter, application form, abstract
(as it was submitted to the US-IALE meeting site), resume/CV, and budget.
Applications are judged based on the merits of the applicants' abstracts,
financial needs, and professional backgrounds and goals.

 

Presentations (oral or poster) should focus on telecoupling (environmental
and socioeconomic interactions over distances, such as human and animal
migration, species dispersal, species invasion, disease spread, sound/noise
transmission, spread of pollutants and wastes, trade of goods and products,
flows of ecosystem services, environmental and hydrological flows, foreign
investment, technology transfer, water transfer, and tourism). Topics may
include applications of the telecoupling framework to address issues across
landscapes or coupled human and natural systems (e.g., dynamics, pattern,
process, structure, function, and sustainability). For more information
about telecoupling, please see  
http://csis.msu.edu/telecoupling .

 

Awardees will also have opportunities to attend a workshop and a symposium
on telecoupling at the US-IALE meeting ( 
http://tinyurl.com/jr6r9kf,  
http://tinyurl.com/jsh5xnv). 

 

Applicants from around the world (except former award recipients) are
encouraged to apply.

 

The application deadline is December15, 2016.

 

More information about the NASA-MSU Program is available at the web site (

http://csis.msu.edu/news/2017_nasa_msu_award ) and application form is
available at ( 
http://csis.msu.edu/form/nasa-msu-app).

 

Questions can be directed to:

 

Dr. Jianguo (Jack) Liu

Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability

Michigan State University 

East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Email: li...@msu.edu

 
http://csis.msu.edu/people/jianguo-liu

  http://pandasandpeople.org

  http://www.chans-net.org

 

 



[ECOLOG-L] PhD position in Community Ecology at Georgia Tech

2016-11-14 Thread Lin Jiang
I am seeking at least one Ph.D. student to join my lab in the School of 
Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology in fall 2017. 
Research in my lab focuses on community ecology, with current work 
involving biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, community assembly, 
phylogenetic community ecology, and experimental evolution. Students who 
are interested in any aspects of community ecology will be considered. The 
successful applicants will have the opportunity to work in the lab (e.g., 
microcosm-based research) and/or in the field (e.g., studying plant and 
insect biodiversity on the Thousand-Island-Lake islands in China), and 
will have much freedom to develop their own research projects. Ph.D. 
students in our department are provided with competitive stipends, in the 
forms of fellowships, research assistantships, and teaching 
assistantships. Please feel free to contact me 
(lin.ji...@biology.gatech.edu) if you have any questions. Our graduate 
application website is at 
http://www.biology.gatech.edu/graduate/prospective-students. Application 
deadline is December 16, 2016.


[ECOLOG-L] Funded Graduate Student Opportunity Limnology and Management of Urban Lakes

2016-11-14 Thread Angela Strecker
Funded Graduate Student Opportunity Limnology and Management of Urban Lakes

The Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University (PSU) and the 
Lake 
Oswego Corporation (LOC) announce the availability of a graduate student 
position 
focused on urban lakes. The graduate student will be enrolled in a masters 
degree program 
in the Environmental Science and Management Department or a doctoral degree 
program 
in the School of the Environment at PSU.

The graduate student will conduct routine water quality monitoring on Oswego 
Lake, a 
415–acre private, urban lake in the City of Lake Oswego. Located approximately 
8 miles 
south of the PSU campus, Oswego Lake is eutrophic with a history of 
cyanobacteria 
blooms. The LOC has made substantial investments to improve water quality in 
the lake, 
including installation of hypolimnetic aeration and alum injection. In 
addition, there is a 15+ 
year set of environmental data including sonde profiles, nutrients, and 
plankton population 
that can be used for analysis.

In addition to the routine sampling the student will conduct research on 
nutrient dynamics 
in the lake and surrounding watershed aimed at further improving water quality 
in the lake. 
Potential studies include quantifying nutrient loading from rooftops and lawns 
surrounding 
the lake and studying internal P-loading from sediments. Additional studies 
could also be 
developed depending on student interest and degree program. Support is 
available for 
multiple years, depending upon performance.

The student will be an employee of the LOC with remuneration of $2000 per month 
for 
approximately halftime work. Tuition support will be provided by PSU but the 
student will 
be responsible for fees associated with enrollment. The position is available 
immediately 
after admission to the graduate program. Please review the requirements for 
application to 
the masters program at www.pdx.edu/esm, and information on admission to the 
doctoral 
program at www.pdx.edu/environment/degreeprograms-0. For further information on 
the 
Center for Lakes and Reservoirs please visit 
http://www.pdx.edu/center-for-lakes-and-
reservoirs/

Ideally, after admission to the graduate program, the student would start 
fieldwork in the 
summer of 2017 and begin coursework in the fall of 2017. To apply, please 
submit materials 
required for admission to the appropriate graduate program and notify Dr. Mark 
Sytsma 
(mark.syt...@pdx.edu) of your interest in the internship.


[ECOLOG-L] ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ATMOSPHERIC AND CLIMATE SCIENCE, NORTHLAND COLLEGE, DEC 1

2016-11-14 Thread Jon Martin
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ATMOSPHERIC AND CLIMATE SCIENCE
NORTHLAND COLLEGE
Ashland, Wisconsin

PAY RANGE:
$50,000 - $52,000
APPLICATION DEADLINE:
December 1, 2016

Northland College is an environmentally-committed college on the shores 
of Lake Superior. The Environmental Science Program at the College 
invites dynamic and proven educators to apply for a tenure-track 
assistant professor position in atmospheric and climate science. A PhD 
(conferred by August 2017) in climate science, atmospheric science, 
meteorology, or related field is required.

The teaching load will consist of six courses per year in atmospheric 
and climate science, such as meteorology, oceanography, climate science, 
and courses in the area of the candidate’s expertise. The successful 
applicant must demonstrate:

(1) a commitment to the liberal arts and the ability to teach and work 
with persons from culturally diverse backgrounds
(2) service to the college and the community, and
(3) scholarly work that provides research opportunities for 
undergraduates.

HOW TO APPLY:
Submit (in PDF format)

(1) a letter that describes your interest in Northland College, your 
teaching experience and performance, your experience working with 
diverse students who have varying levels of mathematical preparedness, 
and your potential for engaging undergraduates in research, and
(2) a curriculum vitae, including the names, titles, and contact 
information for at least three professional references.
Official transcripts will be requested of all candidates selected as 
finalists. 


Application Deadline: December 1, 2016

Apply Online: https://my.northland.edu/job/assistant-professor-
atmospheric-climate-science/

Contact:
paul skoraczewski
humanresour...@northland.edu

Northland College is dedicated to the goal of building a culturally 
diverse and pluralistic faculty committed to teaching and working in a 
multicultural environment and strongly encourages applications from 
minorities, women, individuals with disabilities, and veterans. 
Northland College is an affirmative action, equal opportunity employer.


[ECOLOG-L] Graduate position: Soil microbial ecology PhD at Southwest Florida Research and Education Center

2016-11-14 Thread Sarah L Strauss
A Ph.D. Research Assistantship is available in the Soil Microbiology Lab (Soil 
and Water 
Sciences department) at the University of Florida/IFAS Southwest Florida 
Research and 
Education Center (SWFREC) in Immokalee, FL. Research will focus on examining 
the 
interactions of the soil microbial community with agricultural production and 
crop health. 
This includes topics such as development and influence of rhizosphere microbial 
communities, and the effect of biostimulant amendments on the soil microbial 
community 
composition and function. The candidate is expected to work in the laboratory 
as well as in 
the greenhouse and field. Field and greenhouse work will involve periods of 
working under 
hot and humid conditions. The research focus will be on citrus production, but 
may also 
include vegetable production systems. Laboratory experimentation will include 
metagenomics methods and analyses. There will also be opportunities to develop 
extension experience by providing results to stakeholders.

A Master’s degree in soil science, microbiology, plant biology, or a related 
discipline from 
an accredited institution and experience in microbial ecology, next-generation 
sequencing, 
and/or bioinformatics is preferred. Successful candidates will have a desire to 
serve the 
agricultural industry.  


The SWFREC is located in the in the heart of citrus and vegetable production in 
Florida and 
provides a unique opportunity to combine scientific research with the needs of 
the 
industry. Visit the SWFREC webpage at swfrec.ifas.ufl.edu for additional 
information.

Interested candidates should contact Dr. Sarah Strauss (stra...@ufl.edu) for 
additional 
information. Complete application packets are due Feb. 1, 2017. Details 
regarding 
application are at soils.ifas.ufl.edu/academics/graduate-studies/apply.


Sarah Strauss, PhD
Assistant Professor, Soil Microbiology
University of Florida - IFAS
Soil and Water Sciences Department
Southwest Florida Research & Education Center
Immokalee, FL 34142
239-658-3468 (office)
239-658-3447 (lab)
stra...@ufl.edu


[ECOLOG-L] Job: Prescribed Fire Restoration Ecologist position in Massachusetts

2016-11-14 Thread David Inouye

This should be an excellent job for the right person. It was posted on 10 Nov 
2016 and is requesting responses within 14 days of that date for highest 
consideration.

https://massanf.taleo.net/careersection/ex/jobdetail.ftl?job=16000869

You would be posted out of our Westborough, MA office, about an hour west of 
Boston. A brief description is below.

The Prescribed Fire Restoration Ecologist (PFRE) leads MassWildlife’s efforts to 
restore and manage important wildlife habitats and natural communities through the 
use of prescribed fire.  The PFRE works throughout the state to lead all aspects of 
MassWildlife’s Prescribed Fire Program (PFP) as a member of the Division’s 
Biodiversity Initiative, a joint program of the Wildlife and Natural Heritage & 
Endangered Species Sections that is focused on restoration of rare and declining 
species. The PFRE will determine ecological priorities, develop appropriate 
restoration plans and prescriptions, supervise and coordinate training, implement 
monitoring protocols, and conduct prescribed burns. This individual will summarize 
and report all MassWildlife prescribed fire management activities and results of 
ecological restoration efforts. He/she will also develop and maintain strong 
partnerships throughout the fire management and regulatory communities including 
both public agencies and private conservation organizations.  MassWildlife has a 
successful history of using prescribed fire to achieve ecological management goals, 
and working in partnership with science and fire management communities.

Robert Wernerehl - PhD
State Botanist of Massachusetts
Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program
Division of Fisheries & Wildlife
1 Rabbit Hill Road
Westborough, MA 01581



[ECOLOG-L] Job: Coastal Ecologist Position at University of Virginia

2016-11-14 Thread David Inouye

Colleagues -

 I want to bring to your attention again the Coastal Ecologist position 
at UVA at the Assistant or Associate level.  We will begin reviewing 
applications on December 1st.


Best,

Karen McGlathery

Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences

Lead PI, Virginia Coast Reserve LTER

The University of Virginia Arts & Sciences Department of Environmental 
Sciences invites applicants for an Assistant or Associate Professor 
position in Coastal Ecology. We seek candidates dedicated to our mission 
and passionate about research and teaching in a world-class institution. 
We wish to hire an outstanding scientist who will thrive in an 
interdisciplinary department with hydrologists, atmospheric scientists, 
ecologists and geoscientists.


 Examples of research areas of particular interest for this search 
include, but are not limited to, wetland ecology, coastal landscape 
ecology and biotic interactions in coastal systems. The University has a 
coastal field station on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, which hosts the 
Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research Project. Preference 
will be given to candidates with an interest in contributing to the 
VCR-LTER project and with the potential for taking a leadership role in 
our coastal research program.


 In addition to developing external funding to support research 
endeavors, candidates will be expected to teach at the graduate and 
undergraduate levels, including the teaching of our undergraduate core 
course for majors (EVSC 3200, Fundamentals of Ecology), and provide 
service to the University, Department and professional organizations.


 Review of applications will begin December 1, 2016. The appointment 
begins with the fall term of 2017, with an anticipated start date of 
July 25, 2017. Applicants must be on track to receive a Ph.D. in the 
relevant field by May 2017 and must hold a PhD at the time of appointment.


To apply candidates must submit a Candidate Profile through Jobs@UVa 
(https://jobs.virginia.edu), search on posting number 0619572 and 
electronically attach the following: a cover letter of interest 
describing research agenda and teaching experience, a curriculum vitae 
and contact information for three references.


Questions regarding the application process in JOBS@UVa should be 
directed to: Rachel Short, rb...@virginia.edu 
, 434-924-7763 . Questions 
regarding the position should be directed to Karen McGlathery, Search 
Committee Chair, kj...@virginia.edu .


 The University assists UVA faculty spouses and partners seeking 
employment in the Charlottesville area. To learn more about these 
services, please see 
http://provost.virginia.edu/dual-career.Recon@UVa.webloc 
. The 
University's Faculty and Candidate Guide 
(http://uvasearchportal.virginia.edu/?q=node/64 
) is portal to policies, 
services, resources and other information for working at UVa and living in


Charlottesville. The University will perform background checks on all 
new faculty hires prior to making a final offer of employment.


The University of Virginia is an equal opportunity/affirmative action 
employer. Women, minorities, veterans and persons with disabilities are 
encouraged to apply.